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Tran Thi Pha vd£)/g Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 166(06) 197-200

D A N H G I A C H A T L U ' g f N G N U * 6 C T H A I C H A N N U O I S A U B E B I O G A S Tran Thi P h a ' , Oao Thj Huyen Trang, Du-ffng Thi Minh Hoa

Ti-udng Dgi hoc Ndng Ldm-DH Thai Nguyen T O M T A T

Danh gia chat lupng nuoc thai chan nuoi sau be biogas tgi phucmg Huong Son, dignh pho Thai Nguyen, ket qua phan Uch cho tiiay mlc dii nuctc Uiai chan nu6i dS duac xii ly bang he thong b l biogas nhung nuoc dau ra chua dat hieu qua xii ty t6i mi nuoc vln con co miii hoi, hai due, mpt so chi ti6u van vuot miic cho phep so vm QCVN 01-39 2011 va QCVN 08:2015 Cac so lieu cu the nhu sau. Chi tieu DO: 2 mlu nuoc thai N T l , NT2 nim Uong ngudng cho phep, mlu NTS duoi nguong cho phep 0,55 lan, Chi tieu COD; Nuoc thai sau b l biogas mlu NTl vupt 5,12 lan, NT2 vucrt 4,48 lan, NT3 vuot 2,24 lin so vdi QCVN 01-39,2011 va QCVN 08,2015 co mau NTl vuot 1,71 lin, NT2 vuot 1,49 lan; NT3 trong nguang quy chuan cho phep, Chi tieu B O D / mau nucrc diai NTl vuot 1,06 lin. NT2 vugt 9,33 lan, NT3 vuot 4,67 lan so voi QCVN OV-39 2011 va QCVN 08:2015 (Cpt B l ) c6 mlu NTl vuat 4.27 lin, NT2 vupt 3,73 lin, NT3 vuot 1,87 lan. Chi tieu P' mau NT2, NT3 d§u nim trong ngudng cho phep, neng mlu nude thai NTl vuot ngu9ng quy chuan cho phep 4,3 lin so voi QCVN 08.2015

Tir khoa: d nhiim nude, thuc vat thiiy sinh. bi biogas. Thai Nguyen, chdt luang nude thai D A T V A N D E

Hien nay phan Ion h o gia dinh, cac trang trai chan nuoi da co he thong xii ly n u o c thai don gian la ham biogas, n h u n g hau het deu khong dat tieu chuan thai, mpt phan ciing d o mpt vai hp gia dinh co so lucmg vat nuoi tap trung lon nen he thong xii ly n u a c thai bi hgn che ve ca dung tich cung n h u k h a nang TOT ly. Tuy thuoc vao lo£u hinh chan nuoi m a so lupng va dac tinh cac chat thai c6 khac nhau Dieu nay dan din nuoc thai dau ra co mot vai thong so v u p t gioi h^n, khong dam bao cac quy chuan cho phep hi?n hanh N u o c thai dau ra mac dii da qua xu ly nhung van con nhiem ban v a boc mui hoi thoi gay 6 nhiem nghiem trong, dong thin lam 6 nhiem nguon n u o c m a t noi tiep n h | n nguon n u o c thai nay. Viec thai mot luong lon nucrc thai chan nuoi ra moi t r u a n g se tgo nguon 6 nhiem va cac dich benh, anh hudng den toan cpng dpng va gay hau qua nghiem trpng cho moi t r u a n g song, De giai quyet biu loan ve moi tnrong, vi?c danh gia chat lupng n u a c thai sau biogas la rat can thiet de tu do lua chpn cong nghe x u ly n u a c thai hau biogas chi phi thap, it ton kem, phii hap vdi dieu ki?n nong thon Vi?t Nam.

Tel 0982 091200

N O I D U N G V A P H U O N G P H A P N G H I E N C U U Npi d u n g nghien cmi

- Danh gia chat luong n u o c thai chan nuoi tgi phucmg H u o n g Son, thanh pho Thai Nguyen.

Phu'img p h a p nghien c u v Phirang phdp thu thdp sd liiu thu c^p Thu thap thong tin tir cac tai lieu ccr lien quan can thiel cho de tai nhu: Dieu ki?n thoi tiet khi hau ciia viing nghien ciiu, cac thong tm cac tai lieu ctia cac bao eao, cac de tai, cac sach bao co lien quan. Ke thira va tham khao cac ket qua da dat dupc ciia cac bao cao, de tai CO lien quan den van de nghien ciiu.

Phucmg phdp bd tri thi nghiem Lay mau n u a c thai ciia vai hp chan nuoi c6 he thong xii ly biogas tai phudng H u a n g Son de phan tich tgi Phong thi nghiem khoa Moi truong," T m o n g Dai hpc N o n g L a m ' - D H Thai Nguyen.

Phirang phdp lay m&u vd phdn tich trong phdng thi nghiam

- Quan trSc, lay mau phan tich cac chi tieu: PH, D O , BODs. COD, TSS, Cl', NO3", P tong so.

Phirang phdp ldy mdu: Tien hanh lay mau n u d e thai tai ciia be xii ly biogas Theo T C V N 5 9 9 5 - 1 9 9 5 ,

197

Tran Thi Pha vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 166(06): 197-200 Phuangphdpj^idn lich mdu trong phong thi n^im:

Nong dp trudc va sau xu ly cua cac chi tieu.

BOD5.COD, TSS, NOs, P tong so duac phan tich tai phong thi nghiem theo:

+ Phan tich BOD5: Phuang phap cay va pha loang, chuan do;

+ Phan tich COD: Phuang phap oxy hoa chuan do bang KMn04;

+ Xdc dinh riitrat. Phuong phap kjeidahl duoc vo CO hoa bang axit H2SO4;

+ Phan tich Phosphat Phuang phap so mau xanh molipden;

+ Xac dinh ham lupng TSS: PhirOng phap do khoiluang;

+ Xac dinh pH: Diing pH meter.

Phuong phdp xd ly so lieu

- Tong hap, phan tich so lieu

- Tong hop danh gia, so sanh vdi quy chuan Viet Nam QCVN 62 2016/BTNMT, QCA/N 08:2015 va QCVN 01:2011 de dua ra nhgn xet, danh gia chinh

KET QUA NGHIEN CUU

Ddnh gid chdt lupng nixdc thdi chdn nuoi d3 hp gia dinh thupe to 52, phudng HuOng San

Qua dieu tra phong van, phan Idn cac hp gia dinh CO chan nuoi sinh song tgi phudng Huong San, thanh pho Thai Nguyen deu co he thong xit ly nude thai chan nuoi bang be biogas, cau tao va thiet ke ciia be biogas Isii tuy thuoc vao dieu ki?n kinh te va nhu cau sii dung ciia moi hp gia dinh la khac nhau, co rat nhieu Ioai be biogas: be 1 ngan, be 2 ngan, be CO 3 ngan lang xu ly nude thai...

De danh gia dupc chat lupng nude thai chan nuoi sau be biogas tai phuang Hucmg Son, thanh pho Thai Nguyen co dat ti8u chuan dau ra hay khong, tien hanh lay 3 mau nude dai dien chua qua xu ly ctia 3 hp gia finh sii dung mo hinh be biogas

Sau khi lay mau 'va phan tich tai phong thi nghiem khoa Tai Nguyen Moi Trudng, Truong Dai hpc Nong Lam - DH Thai Nguyen. Ket qua chat luong nude thai duac trinh bay trong bang 1 va bieu do tren hinh 1

Bang 1. Kel qud phdn tich hdm luang mot so chdt cd trong nude thdi ehdn nuoi sau be biogas l<fi 3 ho gia dinh thuoc to 52. phudng Hucmg Son. thdnh pho Thdi Nguyen

STT Cac chi tieu 1 pH 2 DO 3 COD 4 BODS 5 TSS

6 cr

7 N 0 3 - 8 Tong P

3000 1 2500 4

2000 t

1000 500 - j — - -"

0 -1

PH

Don vi

mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/!

mg/l mg/l mg/l

—

DO Ket qua

N T l 8,3 4,07 51,2 64 49 20,7 1.761 1291

—Jt,

COD

phan tich chat lugng nv^c QCVN NT2 NT3 62-2016

7,7 5.8 44,8 56 40 10,5 1.599 0,016

BODS TS 7,81 2,10 22,4 28 37 12.5 0,251 0,019

Cl- 5,5-9

300 100 150

-

-

N03- TingP

QCVN 0 1 - QCVN 39:2011 08-2015

6 - 8.5 5,5-9

> 4 10 30 6 15 3000 50

300 350 50 10

0,3

H N H HNT2 UNT3 H QCVN 01:2011 y QCVN 62:2016

Hinh 1. Chdi lirang nic&c thai chdn nudi sau be biogas cda 3 hd gia dinh

Tran Thi Pha vd Dig

Tap chi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G NGHE

166(06) 197-200 Qua bdng } vd biiu do 1 ta nhdn thdy ch6t

luang nuac thdi chdn nudi sau bi biogas ciia 3 ho gia dinh nhu sau:

- pH: pH tir 7,7 - 8,3 deu nam trong tieu chuan cho phep QCVN.

- Chl tieu DO: DO ciia mau nude tiiai NTl, NT2 deu nam trong gidi han cho phep QCVN; mau NTS dudi nguong QCVN 08:2015 la 0,55 lan.

- Chi tieu COD: Ca 3 mau nude thai deu vucrt qua tieu chuan cho phep so vdi QCVN 01- 39,2011: mau NTl vuat 5,12 lan; NT2 vupt 4,48 lan; NTS vuat 2,24 lan QCVN 08:2015:

mau NTS nam trong gidi han cho phep; mau NTl, NT2 deu 'vuot nguang cho phep' mau NTl vuat 1,71 lan, NT2 vuat 1,49 l&i.

- Chi tieu BOD5: BOD5 ciia 3 mau nude thai deu vupt tieu chuan cho phep so vdi QCVN 01-39:2011 va QCVN 08-2015 cu the: mau NTl vuat 1,06 lan; NT2 vuat 9,33 lan; NTS vupt 4,67 lan; QCVN 08.2015 vuot' NTl vupt 4,27 lan, NT2 vucrt 3,73 lan, NT3 vuot 1,87 lan. So vdi QCVN 62,2016, tat ca cac mau nuac thai deu nam trong gidi hgn tieu chuan cho phep.

- Chi tieu TSS: TSS cua mau nude tiiai NTl 49 mg/l; NT2: 40 mg/l; NTS: 37 mg/l deu nam trong gidi han cho phep so vdi QCVN - Chi tieu c r . Cl cua mau nude thai NTl' 20,7 mg/l; NT2: 10,5 mg/l; NTS: 12,5 mg/l deu nam trong gidi hgn cho phep so vdi QCVN

- Chi tieu NO3": NO3" cua mau nude thai NTl.

1,761 mgn; NT2' 1,599 mg/l; NT3: 0,251 mg/l deu niim trong gidi hgn cho phep so vdi QCVN

- Chi tieu tong P' Tong P ciia mau nude thai NTl: 1,291 mg/l vu<;rt 4,3 lan so vdi tieu chu5n cho phep so vdi QCVN_08'2015 (Cpt Bl); 2 mau nude tiiai NT2. 0,016 mg/l va NTS: 0,019 mg/l deu nam trong gidi han cho phep so vdl QCVN.

KET LUAN

Qua dieu tm thirc le va lay mau nude thai phan tieh danh gia ham lupng cac chat trong nude thai chan nuoi sau be biogas ciia ca 3 hp gia dinh hau het deu nSm trong gidi han cho phep so vdi QCVN 01-39:2011, QCVN 08:2015 va QCVN 622016 tiiy nhiin c6 mot so chi tieu DO.COD, BOD5. tong P van vuot nguang quy chuan cho phep cy the: Chi tieu DO* 2 mau nude thai NTl, NT2 nam trong ngudng cho phep, mSu NTS dudi nguang cho phep 0,55 lan. Chi tieu COD Nude tiiai sau be biogas mau NTl vuat 5,12 Ian; NT2 vuat 4,48 lan, NT3 vupt 2,24 lan so vdi QCVN 01- 39-2011 va QCVN 08:2015 c6 mau NTl vuot 1,71 lan; NT2 vuot 1,49 lan; NTS ti-ong ngudng quy chuan cho phep. Chi tieu BOD5:

mau nude thai NTl 'vuot 1,06 lan; NT2 vuot 9,33 lan; NTS vuat 4,67 lan so vdi QCVN 01- 39.2011 va QCVN 08'2015 (C6tBl)c6mau NTl vuot 4,27 lan, NT2 vupt 3,73 lan; NTS vuat 1,87 lan. Chi tieu P: mau NT2, NTS deu nam trong ngudng cho phep, neng mau nude thai NTl vuot ngudng quy chuan cho phep 4,3 lan so vdi QCVN 08'2015.

T A I LIEU THAM KHAO

1 Le Van Binh (2007), "Nghien ciin sii dung thuc v$t Uiliy sinh trrong nong nghiep va tac dpng den moi trucmg d Thtra ThiSn Hue", Tap chi Nong nghiip vd Phdt tnen nong thon (7), tr. 3-4 2 D5ng Dinh Kim, Le Diic. Trin VSn Tua, Biii Thi Kim Anh, Dang Thi An (2011), Xu ly 6 nhiim moi trudng bdng thuc vdl (Phyloremediation), Nxb N6ng nghiep

3 Hoang Hue (1996), Xir ly nude thdi, Nxb Xay dung Ha N61

4 Luong Diic Phim (2003), Cong nghe xu ly nirdc thai bdng biin phdp sinh hpc. Nxb Giao Due, Ha Noi

5 Le Quoc Tuan (2006), "Dua tiiuc v§t thiiy sinh vao he thong nuoi trong thiiy san de lam sach moi truang nude", Tgp chi khoa hoc trudng Dgi hoc Nong Nghiep Hd Npi (5), tr 10

Tran Thi Pha vd Dtg Tsp chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 166(06): 197 - 200

S U M M A R Y

ASSESSING T H E QUALITY OF LIVESTOCK W A S T E W A T E R F R O M BIOGAS T A N K

Tran Thi Pha', Dao Thi Huyen Trang, Duong Thi Minh Hoa University of Agnculture and Forestry - TNU Assessing .the livestock wastewater's quality from biogas tanks at Huong Son ward. Thai Nguyen city, analytical results show that though the livestock wastewater was treated by biogas tank system, the outputs still did not meet the optimal treatment efficiency, water after treatment was still smelly, slightly opaque, some mdicators have exceeded the allowable standards of QCVN 01- 39, 2011 and QCVN 08: 2015 as follows: DO indicators 2 wastewater samples N T l , NT2 were within the allowable limits, sample NT3 wasbelow the standard of 0 55 times COD indicators.

Accordmg to QCVN 01-39" 2011, COD value m the sample NTl was higher dian the standard 5,12 times, NT2 exceeded 4 48 times, and NT3 exceeded 2 24 times When compared -withQCVN 08 2015, COD value in sample NTl was 171 times higher tiian tiie acceptable limit, NTl exceeded 1.49 times, NT3 was within the permissible limit BODS indicators- sample N T l , NT2, and NT3 were 1 06 times, 9 33 times and 4,67 tunes respectively higher than the QCVN 01-39' 2011, companng to tiie standards of QCVN 08, 2015 (column B l ) , samples NTl and NT2 exceeded 4 27 times and 3 73 times the allowable limits, respectively, while sample NTS was 1 87 times higher than that Pindicators samples NT2, NT3 were still within the permissible limit, excepting sample NTl exceeded 4.3 times the standard of QCVN 08: 2015

Ke-ywordiWaler pollution, aquatic plants, biogas tank. Thai Nguyen, wastewater quality

Ngdy nhan bdi:25/9/2016; Ngdy phdn hiin: 13/10/2016; Ngdy duyit ddng: 31/5/2017 Tel: 0982 0912QQ

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