Tnrong Thi ThaP vd Dtg T^p chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 166(06) 4 1 - 4 5
PHAN TICH VA DANH GIA H A M LlTOfNG NITRIT VA NITRAT CAC NGUON NX/dC MAT TREN DLV BAN TINH Q U A N G NINH
TryoTig Thi T h a o ' , Hoang Thi Phvomg Lan'-' 'Truang Dgi hgc Khoa hgc - DH Thai Nguyen 'Trudng THPT&CS VSn Lang. Hg Long. Qudng Ninh T O M T A T
Trpng khi cac phuong phap xii ly nitnt, nitrat trong nu6c chua thuc sy triet de thi viec xac dinh ham lupng ciia chiing trong nuoc la rat quan trpng. Chdng toi da tien hanh khao sdt cac yeu to anh huong den phep xac dinh nitrit vdi thuoc thii 4 - aminpbenzen sufonamid va nitrat vdi thuoc thii axit sunfosalixylic b5ng phucmg phap trdc quang Doi voi nitrit, phuong phap do dat gidi han phat hign la 0,044 ppm voi hiSu suk thu hfli cao (85% - 105%) va cc dfi IJp Ui tot (do lech chuan 10,53%) Doi vdl nitrat, phuong phap dat gidi hgn phat hien la 0,0049 ppm voi hieu suat thu hoi cao (83% - 100,5%) v i dp l|,p lai rat tot (dfl lech chuan 0,52%) Phuong phap do ap dung trSn cac mau nu6c mat la ngu6n cip cho 12 nha may xii ly nude tren dia ban tinh Quang Ninh trong quy I va quy II nam 2016 K^t qui phan tich cho thay ham lupng nitrat va nitnt trong cac mlu nghien Cliu deu n3m trong gicn han cho phep theo QCVN 08-N4T.2015/BTNMT ve chat luong nuac mSt va QCVN 02 2009/BYT ngay 17/6/2009 ve chat lupng nucrc sinh hoat. Day cung la ket qua v^ hai chi tieu nay ciia chat lupng cac ngucn nude mat ciia Quang Ninh trong giai doan 2012 - 2 0 1 5 , mpt ket qua cc y nghTa quan trpng voi nguoi sii dyng nvati,
Tir khoa: nitnt, nitrat, phuang phdp trdc quang, thuoc thu 4 - aminobemen sufonamid, thuoc thir axit sunfosalixylic, nude mdt. Qudng Ninh
doc tram trpng neu khong d u p c ciiu chua kip thai dan den nguy ca tii vong cao. Ngoai ra, nitrat c6n gay ra cdc cdn benh ve tieu h6a do gay ra sy kera hap thy cac chat dinh dudng [10], [13, [14]. Do do, viec xdc dinh hdra lupng nitnt trong mr6c la rat can thiet nhdra ddm bao sy an toan cho nguoi tieu diing.
Tinh Quang Ninh Id mpt tinh mien niii, dia hinh phiic tgp, du hch vd cong nghiep deu khd phdt trien a khu vuc trung tara nhung cdc khu vyc c6n lgi vai 21 dan tpc thieu so, 47% ddn so toan tinh tgp trung 6 khu vyc nong thon, mgt dp dan cu thap, phan tan, trinh do khong dong deu, nhieu ncri chua dupc sit dung nuac cap [15]. Nhgn thiic ciia nguai dan nong thon ve nuac sgch va vp sinh moi truong (VSMT) cdn nhieu hgn che. Trong khi cdc bien phap xit ly triet de ratrit chua hoan thien vd thuc sy hieu qud nhu hien nay, viec xdc dinh hdm lupng nitrit trong nuac nguon c6 y nghia quan trong, Co nhieu phuang phdp de xdc dinh nitrat va nitrit [6] va nhieu cong trinh nghien ciiu ve van de nay [7], [8], [10], [11] Trong bdi bao nay chiing toi trinh bay ket qua phan tich xac dinh ham lirang nitrit vd nitrat trong cac mau M6DAU
Nuac CO mpt vai tro het siic quan trpng de tgo nen su song cua tat cd nhCrng sinh vat. Tuy nhien neu chiing ta sii dyng nuac khong dam bao ve sinh an toan thi se dan den sy ngp doc, tac hgi khong tot cho siic kh6e.
Viec du thira hdm lupng nitrit, nitrat trong nu6c uong gay ra cdc hau qud ve mat siic khoe ciia nguoi sii dyng Nitrat khi di vao co the sinh vgt bi chuyen hoa thdnh nitrit dudi tac dyng cua cac en2yra, Nitrit ngan can cac qua trinh hinh thanh va trao doi oxy ciia Hemoglobin trong mau dan den viec thieu hyt oxy trong mdu, co the se bi giam chiic ndng ho hap, CO cdc bieu hipn nhu kho tha, anh hucmg den he ho hap. Doi vdi tre duai 6 thang tuoi, nitrit lam cham qud trinh phdt trien ciia tre, tich liiy trong ca die gdy ra cdc benh ve dudng h6 hap, gay benh da xanh rat nguy hiera. Nitrit dupc khuyen cao la co kha nang gay bpnh ung thu a nguoi. Ham lupng Nitrit trong ca the cao se bi chodng vang va co the ngat khi dang Idra viec. Tnrang hap nhiem
* Tel: 0915 216469, Email: thao.truong671@gniad com
Tmong Thi Thao vdDrg p chl KMUA 11UL. « UUlNU i N u n c 10P(UO):4I -4S "
tiuoc nguon ciia tinh Qudng Ninh bang phuang phap trac quang Trong d6 nitrit xac dinh b ^ g phan ung ciia nitnt trong mau thii vdi thuoc thli 4 - arainobenzen sufonaraid voi sy CO mat ciia axit octhophosphoric trong moi tni6ng axit [1] de tgo muoi diazo, muoi nay se tgo thuoc nhuom raau hong vdi N - (1 - tiaphtyl) - 1,2 - diaraonietan dihidroclorua Nitrat xdc dinh bdng do pho ciia hop chat mau vang dupc hir^h thanh bai phan iing ciia axit sunfosalixylic vdi nitrat trong moi tmdng axit sulfuric dgm dac [2] tao thdnh phiic mau p - mtrosalixylat natri hoac o - nitrosalixylat natri. Ngoai ra, natri nitrua dupc them vao de khac phuc su nhieu ciia nitnt.
THUC NGHIEM
Thiet bl. dung cu May trac quang UV- VIS 1601 PC - Shiraazu (Nhat Ban); may do pH HANNA 211; can phdn tich Scientech SA 210, may rung sieu am; cac dyng cu thiiy tinh can thiet,
Hoa chdt: Hau het cdc hda chat cd xuat xii tir Diic, bao gora. Dung dich chuan goc NO2", NO3", cloramin, natripolyphotphat, thiosunfat, Mn'\ Mg'\ Cl, PO4'"; 1000 ppra, Fe(ni) 1000 ppm; NH2C6EUSO2NH3; axit octophotphoric , N - (1 - naphtyl) - 1,2 - diaraonietan dihidroclorua (C10H7 - NH-CHj- CHrNH2-2HCl);
KET QUA VA T H A O L U A N
Cac dieu ki^n toi ini cua phu'orng phdp trac quang xac dinh nitrit va nitrat Cdc dieu kiin xdc dinh nitrit:
Cue dai hap thy quang: A = 536nm pH dung dich do. 2,0-2,5
The tich thuoc thii (40,00 g aminobenzen sufonamid; 100 ml axit octophotphoric, 2,00 g N - (- 1 - naphtyl) -1,2 - diamometan dihidroclonia trong II dung dich): 0,20 ml di6m vdo 10,00 ml dung dich do.
Thai gian dgt dp on dinh mau ciia phiic: 10 - 30 phiit.
Khoang tuyen tinh, 0,02 - 4 ppm (hmh 1)
Hinh 1. Dudng chudn xdc dmh nitrit Gldl han phdt hien LOD = 0,0044 ppm;
Giai hgn dmh luang LOQ 0,013 ppm (chon 0,02 ppm)
Hipu suat thu hoi nam trong khoang 85,00 - 105,00 % so vdi yeu cau ( 60,00 - 115,00 %);
do Iech chuan dgt 10,53 % so vdi yeu cau la <
21 % la dat yeu cau [9]
Cdc diiu kien xdc dinh nitrat:
Cue dai hap thy quang: X -4\Anm Thai gian dat dp on dinh mau ciia phiic 10 phiit trd Ien.
Ham lupng dung dich NasN 0,5 g/l trong 25 rai dung dich mau thii: 0,5 ml cho cac phep do c6 NO2" < 1,0 ppm.
Khoang tuyen tinh: 0,2 - 13 ppm (hinh 2).
Gidi han phdt hien LOD = 0,049 ppm;
Gldi hgn dmh luang LOQ 0,147 ppm (chon 0,2 ppra)
2 5 —
g . 1 . 5 • 3 1.0 - -'_5 0 5 - -j ffl 0,0 ^ ^
OS*"*"
V = 0 1 8 ] 8 x - 0 0 0 1 7 ^ ^ B' = 0.9982 • ^
SCO 10 00
Nong dp nitrat (ppm) f-
-- -
15.00
Hinh 2. Dudng chudn xdc dinh nitrat Hieu suat thu hoi ndm trong khodng 83,00 - 100,50 % so vdi yeu cau (80,00 - 110,00 %);
dp lech chuan dgt 0,52 % so vdi yeu cau la <
15,00%ladgtyeucau[9].
Anh hirdng cua cdc ion can trd Sy anh hudng ciia hara lucmg cdc ion sat (IU), cloramin, cio, natripolyphotphat, thiosunfet
Tnrong Th} Thao vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 166(06) 41-45 tdi sy xac dinh hdm lupng nitrit da duoc khdo
sdt trong vung'nong do khde nhau cho thay:
Khi hdm lupng cdc ion can gap NO2" 6 lan vd 0,6 lan vdi cio, 6 Ian va 0,6 lan vdi cloramin, 14 lan vdl polyphotphat thi bdt dau gay dnh hudng den phep xdc dinh. Cac ion thiosunfat.
Fe (III) gan nhu khong anh hudng den phep xac dinh nitrit.
Vdi myc dich xac dinh nitrat trong nude nguon, chiing toi chi khdo sat anh hudng ciia cac ion gay nhieu Uem tang chii yeu la Mn^*, Mg^*, c r , P04^'. Ket qua nghien ciiu cho diay: Khi hdm luong cdc ion can gap NO3"
400 lan vdi Cl', 40 Ian vdi P04^', 200 Ian vdi Mg^"", 0,8 lan vdi Mn^" thi bdt dau gay dnh hudng den phep xac dinh nitrat.
Ung dung phan tich mSu thirc te Cac mau nude duac lay d 12 nguon nude cap cho cdc nha may xii Iy nude ciia tinh Qudng Ninh d hai thdi diem (quy I va quy II nam 2016), mau cho vao binh polietylen da trang nia sach va bao qudn theo tieu chuan [3]. Mau nao bi cd can can lpc tmdc khi tien hdnh thi nghiera. Tien hdnh chuan bi va do dp hap thy quang xac dinh ham lupng nitrit, nitrat cua cdc mau theo cdc thong so khdo sdt dupc d tren. Vdi cdc raau thii c6 ham lupng nhd han gidi hgn dinh lupng, dung dich duoc tien hdnh lam gidu (co cgn) 20 lan roi tien hanh do lai lay ket qud chinh xdc. Ket qua duac trinh bdy Irong bang I.
Kel qua cho thay: Cdc mau nude nguon trong hai quy dau nam 2016 cua tinh Quang Ninh deu cd ham lupng nitrit nam trong khodng ham lupng cho phep theo QCVN 08- MT:2015/BTNMT ve chat lupng nude mgt [4]; theo QCVN 02:2009/BYT ngdy 17/6/2009 ve chat lupng nude sinh hoat [5].
Nhieu raau cd nong dp thap han gidi hgn phat hien, do dd, nhung raau ndy phdi Idm giau tiep lan hai roi do Iai (cac mau so 4 - 10, 13 - 17 vd cac mau 19 - 24). Dieu ndy dong nghla vdi viec khong phdi xii ly mtrit trong quy trinh xii ly nude cap cho sinh hoat vd san xuat ciing nhu dam bao cho viec sii dyng nude ciia dong bao cac khu vuc ma he thong nude cap chua den nai.
Ngoai ra, khi so sdnh ket qua nghien ciiu vdi ket qua luu trii ciia Trung tam y te dy phdng tinh Quang Ninh ve ham lupng nitrat, nitnt trung binh trong cac nguon nude mat cap cho 12 nhd may xir Iy nude ciia tinh Quang Ninh trong cac nam tu 2012 den 2015, lgp dupc do thi hinh 3 va hinh 4.
Hinh 3 cho thay hdm lupng nitrit trong nude mat d 12 ngudn nude cap cho cac nhd may xu Iy nude trong dia ban tinh Quang Ninh tir nam 2012 den nam 2016 co xu the giam dan, cao nhat Id ndm 2012 dgt 0,028 ppm, thap hon nhieu Ian gidi han cho phep (3 ppm).
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2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Hinh 3. N6ng do ion nitril trung binh cdc nam2012 din 2016
m B
• 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Hinh 4, Hdm lugng ion nitrat tmng binh cdc nam 2012 din 2016
Hinh 4 cho thay, ham lupng nitrat trong cac nguon nude ndy khd on dinh tit nam 2012 den ndra 2016, cao nhat Id ndm 2013, dgt 5,451 ppm, cung thap hon nhieu so vdi quy chuan (50 ppm),
Ket qud ndy cho thay, chat luang nude mat d 12 nguon tren ve chi tieu nitrat, mtrit Id tot, dam bdo an todn cho ngudi sii dyng ma khong phai thuc hien cac budc xii ly hai anion nay Tren thyc te cdc cong nghe dp dyng hien nay 43
Tnrong Th) Thao vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 166(06): 41 ^ ^ hieu qud loai trir nitrat, mtrit chua thyc sy
triet de nen cdc ket qua nay rat c6 y nghia doi vdi ngudi dan,
KET L U A N
Bdng phuang phdp pho h ^ thy phan tii UV- VIS xac dinh ham lupng nitrit va nitrat co dp tin cay cao, gidi han phdt hien nitnt dat 0,0044 ppm; gidi hgn phat hien nitrat dgt 0,049 ppm. Ham lupng nitrit va nitrat trong cac mau nude mat cung cap cho 12 nhd may Bang I. Thdi gian. dia diem lay mdu vd kit qud do
xii ly nude tren dia ban tinh Quang Ninh quy I vd quy II nam 2016 deu nhd hon gia tri cho phep theo QCVN 08-MT: 2015/BTNMT Ve chat lupng nude mgt vd QCVN 02:2009/BYT ngay 17/6/2009 ve chat lupng nude sinh ho^
Chat lupng cdc vimg nude ragt nay kha on dinh va dam bao an toan ve cac chi tieu nitrit va nitrat doi vdi ngudi sii dyng trong giai dogn 2012-2016.
quang xdc dfnh nitrit, nitrat trong nuac nguon linh Nmh
stt 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Nuoc tru6c xii ly NMN Hoanh Bo Nude truoc, xii ly NMN Quang Yen
Ki hi^u mau L T l - U B L T 2 - U B D M 1 - U B D M 2 - U B M R l - V D MR2-VD C V l - V D C V 2 - V D DHI - U B D H 2 - U B T L l - U B T L 2 - U B B C l - D H B C 2 - D H T Y l - H H T Y 2 - H H B L l - H H B L 2 - H H NHMl - H H N H M 2 - H H NMNl - H B N M N 2 - H B N M N l - Q Y N M N 2 - Q Y
Ngay lay mau 06/04/2016 30/06/2016 06/04/2016 30/06/2016 04/04/2016 04/07/2016 04/04/2016 04/07/2016 06/04/2016 30/06/2016 06/04/2016 30/06/2016 07/04/2016 06/07/2016 07/04/2016 06/07/2016 07/04/2016 06/07/2016 07/04/2016 06/07/2016 06/04/2016 30/06/2016 06/04/2016 30/06/2016
'^"Oi"' (ppm) 0,0170 0,0350 0,0347 0,0510 0,0033 0,0028 0,0027 0,0035 0,0038 0.0036 0,0530 0,0300 0,0029 0,0027 0,0017 0,0021 0.0033 0,0130 0.0029 0,0032 0,0130 0,0040 0,0018 0,0026
'^'"'^••Ufm) 3,433 4,524 1,798 1,615 3,352 2,321 1,828 0,885 5,407 4,586 3,047 3,289 0,704 0.521 1.504 1,451 2,482 1,852 1,763 1.539 4.005 3.648 7,372 5,447 T A I LIEU T H A M K H A O
1. Bfl Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Mfli trudng (1996), Chat lugng nude - xdc dinh nitrat - phuang phdp Irae phd diing axil sunfosalixylic. TCVN 6180' 1996
2 Bo Khoa hpc va Cflng nghe M6i tru6ng (1996), Chdt lu<?ng nude ~ xdc dinh mint - phuang phdp am phd hdp thu phdn lir.lCVH6\l%, 1996
3 Bo Khoa hpc va Cong nghe Mfli truong, Chdt luyng nude, lay mdu. Bfl TCNV 6663
4 Bfl Tai nguyen v^ Moi trucmg (2015), Quy chudn ky thudt Quoc gia ve chat lu^g nude mgt, QCW^- MT:2015/BTNMT
5 B6^ Y te (2009), Quy chudn ky thugt Quoc gia vi chat luang nude dn udng, QCVN 01 2009/BYT 6 Tran Tii Hieu (2003), Phdn tich trac quang, Nxb Dai hpc Qu6c gia Hd Nfli
7. Tran Thi Ly (2010), Jfdc dinh nitrat, mint trong mot so mdu nude mat vd nuac ngam xung quanh kkl vuc nhd mdy phdn dgm Bac Giang bdng phuang phdp trac quang vd phuang phdp phdn tich ddng ch^, Lu§n van thge sT Hoa hoc - Trudng Dgi hpc Su phgm - DH Thai Nguyen
Tmong Thi Thao va Org Tgp chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 166(06) 4 1 - 4 5 8. Le Thi Anh Nguyet (2012), Nghien cuu xdc dinh nitrat, mint bdng phuang phdp trdc quang-dgng hoc 1 xuc tdc, Luan vSn thae sT Hoa hoc, Truong Dai hpc Khoa hoc - Dgi hcc Hue
I 9. Ta Thi Thao (2005), Gido trinh Thong ke trong Hoa phdn tich, Tnrong DH KHTN, DHQG Ha Npi [ 10. ASTDR (Agency fpr Toxic Substances and Disease RegisUy) (2015), What Are the Health Effects
from Exposure to Nitrates and Nitrites''
11 Badiadka N. and Kenchaiah S (2009)," A Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Nitrite I and Nitrat", Erausian Joumal of Analytical Chemistry, 4(2), pp 204-214.
I 12 Bemhard S , Carola L. (2014), "Determination of nitrate plus nitnte in small volume manne water . samplesusingvanadium(III)ch]onde as a reducppn agent",Manne CAem/sr/j', vol 160, p 91-98
13 NAS (National Academy of Science) (1981), The health effects of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds Assembly of Lde Sciences National Academy Press, Washington
14. Nathan S Bryan et al (2012), "Ingested nitrate and nitrite and stomach cancer risk. An updated
^ K-viev^", Food and Chemical Toxicology,yo\\me5Q,lssMe 10, pp 3646-3665
15. Dilu kicn tu nhifin va xa hoi Quang Nmh (cgp nhgt ngay 31/12/2015), Cdng thdng tin dien tu tinh , QudragMnA, http//www quangninh gov vn
• S U M M A R Y
A N A L Y Z E A N D A P P R A I S E T H E C O N T E N T OF N I T R I T E A N D N I T R A T E IN T H E S U R F A C E W A T E R IN Q U A N G N I N H P R O V I N C E
Thao Truong Tbi'', Lan Hoang Thi Phuong''*
_^ 'College of Sciences - TNU I 'an Lang Secondary school and high school. Ha Long. Quang Ninh The factors those would affect to the determinatipn of nitrite with 4 -aminobenzen sufonamid
•T reagents and nitrate with sunfpsahxylic acid reagent by spectrophotcmetry method have been 1^ exammed For nitrite, the limit of detection is 0,044mg/ 1 with high recover^' efficiency (85% -
^ 105%) and good repeatability (standard deviation of 10.53%). For nitrate, the melhpd detectipn r. limit is achieved 0,0049mg/ I with high recovery efficiency (83% - 100 5%) and very gppd
^ repeatability (standard deviation 0.52%). Real samples are surface water samples which are taken i from the source water supply for 12 water treatment factones all over the Quang Ninh prpvmce ui i; the first quarter and second quarter of 2016. The results showed that mlnte and nitrate contents in
-; real samples are smaller than tfiose of the permitted limits by NTR 08-MT' 2015/ BTNMT on J surface water quality and NTR 02- 2009/ BYT dated 17/6/2009 of water quality This is also the ii result of these two indicators of quality of surface waters in Quang Ninh in the period 2012-2015.
"^ Keyword: nitntes, nitrates, spectrophotometry method. 4 - aminobenzen sufonamid. sunfosalixylic t acid, surface -water, Quang Nmh
fi^gdy nhdn bdi:12/ll/2016; Ngdy phdn biin: 02/12/2016; Ngdy duyit ddng: 31/5/2017 Tel: 0915 216469, Email: [email protected]
