Nguyin Thj Tan TiSn vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 163(03/1) 2 4 3 - 2 4 7
DANH G L i K E T QUA CAC PHU^ONG PHAP GIANG DAY NGOAI NGty A P DVNG TAX TRirCfNG BJ^I HQC Y - DU'gfC, DAI HQC THAI NGUYEN
Nguyen Thj Tan Tien', Nguyen Thj Thanh Hong Tru&ng Dgi hgc Y Dugc - DH Thdi Nguyen TOM T A T
Nghien cihi ndy mo ta cdc phuong phap dang duac giang day cac hpc phan ngoai ngit tai tmong Dai hpc Y- Duoc, Dai hoc Thai Nguyfin va ddnh gia ket qua ap dyng cac phuong phap giang day do bdng each sir dung cac nghiSn cihi mo ta, phuang phdp dieu Ua, khao sat Nghien citu dupc tiln hanh khdp sdt tfii 17 ldp hpc phan Tieng Anh 2, 7 !dp hoc phan Tieng Anh 3, 8 giang vien cila bO mon Ngpai ngO K6t qud chp thay phan ldn gidng vien ciia Bp mpn Ngoai ngU da ap dyng cac phuang phap tich cue, t^p m6i tmcmg hpc tap t6t, gdy hung thii chp sinh viSn, dong thdi de xuat mpt s6 khuyen nghi de nang cao chat Iupng giang day ciia gidng vifin, hpc tap cila smh vien Tir khoa: Ky ndng nghe hiiu, dfnh hu&ng giao tiip, phuong phdp gidng day tich euc, phuong phdp Ngie phdp — dich, phucmg phdp Nghe — nai
DAT V A N D E
Trong nhiing nam gan day nen Giao due Viet Nam da va dang tap t m n g ddi mdi, hudng tdi nen giao duc hien dgi, Dinh h u d n g c a ban ciia vi?c doi mdi giao due la chuyen tir nen giao dye mang linh ban Iam sang mpt nen giao due chii trong hinh thanh nang lyc hanh dong, phat huy tinh chu ddng sang tao eiia ngudi hoc Nham chuan hda trinh dp Ngogi ngii cua sinh vien, dap iing nhiem vu chuyen mon va tang CO hpi cgnh tranh trong tim kiem viec lam, thiie day hoi nligp quoe te, Dai hpc Thai Nguyen da nhan dinh ngoai ngir ky nang quan trpng, sinh vien ra t m d n g phai dgt chuan nang lye ngoai ngii theo K h u n g tham chieu Chau Au. De dap iing d u a e nhiing yeu cau tren, viee doi radi phuang phap giang day la vo eimg can thiet. Xuat phat tir Iy do tren, chimg tdi tien hanh danh gia ket qua cua eae phuang phap giang day ngoai ngii da ap dyng hien nay tai trudng Dai hpe Y - Duoc Thai Nguyen, DOI TU'ONG V A P H U O N G P H A P NGHIEN c i r u
Doi tuffng n g h i e n cihi
Smh vien Dai hoc chinh quy nam thii I (BSDK K48), nam thir 3 (BSDK K47) Phuffng p h d p n g h i e n cuii
Thiit ki nghien cu-u: Nghien ciiu thir mo ta, ' Tel: 0988 905105; Email- [email protected]
Cdmau nghiin cuu: Lay raau thuan tien: tat ea cac smh vien nam thii 1, nara thii 2 hien dang hpe hpc phan Tieng Anh 3, Tieng Anh 4 Thu thdp sd liiu
Cong cu ihu thdp. Phieu nghien eiiu, phong van va quan sal ldp
Xie ly sd lieu: So lieu dupe nhap va xii ly bang phan mem thdng ke y hpc.
N Q l D U N G N G H I E N C U U P h u o n g p h a p Ngir p h a p - Dich Phuang phap Ngii phap - Dich (Grammar - Translation Method) hay cdn gpi la phuang phap Tmyen tiiong duoc ap dung manh rae d Viet Nam vao nhiing nam 1970 cho den tgn nhiing nara 1990
Ve ban chat, theo phuong phap nay, chuang trinh tap tmng chii ySu vao phat trien ki nang dpe hieu, hoe thuoc ldng tir vung, dich van ban, Viet luan (composition) va phan tieh ng6n ngii (hpc de nam chac quy tiie ngdn ngii). Quy trinh thue hi?n, Cac bai khda (texts) dupe bien soan va chia ra thanh tirng dogn n g k , Viec giang giai quy t^e ngdn ngu la CO ban. Sinh vien duoc hoe ve ngii phap rat kl tren e o sd eae hien tupng ngii phap ca ban dupc nit ra tir cae bai khda. De kiem tra su thdng hieu ve npi dung bai khoa (npi dung van hoa, dai nude hpc noi chung) va cac quy tac ngon ngii, SV bit buoc phai dich cac bai 243
Nguy€n Thi Tdn Tifin vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 163(03/1) 243-247 khoa sang tieng Viet. SV khdng duac phep
mae Ioi ngon ngii, neu cd phai sira ngay.
Uu diim: SV duoe ren luy^n rat ki ve ngii phap va liep thu lucmg tir vung kha ldn, SV nam duoe tuang doi nhieu cae eau true eau eo ban, thuoe long cae bai khoa mau; SV cd the dpc hieu nhanh cac van ban,
Hgn chi: Khdng giiip SV "giao tiep" duoe, Hoat dpng chu yeu trong ldp la ngudi thay- thdy gidng gidi. ndi nhiiu, SV thu ddng ngdi nghe vd ghi chep, khong co y kien phdn hoi hoge khong tham gia giao tiep (ndi) v&i thdy vd bgn be; Hoat ddng dgy hoc chi dien ra mot chieu - SV hoan loan bi dong, khong cd co hoi thuc hanh giao tiep trong ldp, khi nang sang tgo va dgc biet kl nang ndi ciia smh vien cdn hgn che.
Phuong phdp Nghe - Noi
Ve bdn chdt. Phuang phap Nghe Noi (Audiolingual Method or Audio-Oral Method) nhan ragnh vao viec day ki nang ndi va kl nang nghe tmdc ki nang dpc va ki nang viet Nhu vay, khae vdi phucmg phap Ngii phap - Dieh, phuong phap nay dap iing diing rayc lieu can dat cua ngudi hoc la hinh thanh va phat tnen ca bon kl nang, nhung uu lien phat trien noi, nghe tmdc doe va viet,Viee cung cap kien thiic ng6n ngu (ngu ara, tir
•vimg, ngu phap) duoc thuc hien xen long trong qua trinh day hpe. Phuong phap Nghe- Noi ngan eara vige dimg tieng rae de trong Idp; khuyen khich toi da diing tieng Anh trong qua trinh day hpc,
Quy trinh thuc hiin: Ludn luon nhan manh phat trien hai kT nang ndi va nghe la chu yeu, Viec dgy hpc thdng qua thuc hanh cdu triic cdu (stmctures) va qua eae bai lap ung dung, ngudi hpc ty phat hien va tim hieu nhiing diem giong nhau (so vdi tieng me de) ve eau tnic cau, each phat ngon va dua ra eac qui tdc ngdn ngii Yeu cau ngudi hpc bat tmdc mau do ngudi day cung cap, vi dy: cae bai/mau doi thoai mau (dialogues) co ehiia cau tnic eau hoac hien tuong ngdn ngii can tmyen dat, SV luyen tap mau do thyc chat la hinh thanh mot
thoi quen ngon ngu theo cac hinh thirc nhu, hdi va tra ldi v8 bai doi thogi mau, thuc hanh them mdt so bai tap eau tnic (thay the, bo Simg, chuyen doi ..), Phuang phap nay ddi h6i GV chii y sua loi cho SV (loi phat am, loi can tnic). Cac bai doi thogi mau can phai chuan muc, cac bai nghe can duoc luyen tap ket hpp vdi thyc hanh ndi, Sau khi da ITnh hoi tai lieu bSng khau ngii, SV tiep tue luyen tgp de hinh thanh va phat trien ki nang dpc va kT nang viet.
Uu diim- Phuang phap nay co hieu qua doi vdi nhiing ngudi mdi hpc, dac biel la SV dao tao theo dia chi, eu tuyen. SV cam thay phan khdi va tu lin khi duoc nghe va tap bat chudc theo giao vien
Hgn chi- Doi vdi SV co trinh dp eao viec hpc theo phuang phap nay se nham ehan neu khdng CO su dieu chinh phuong thiic day hoc can thiSt; SV ap dung nhiing gi da duac ITnh hoi trong ldp hoc vao thue lien giao tiep ngon ngii la khd. Cac em khdng the vgn dyng cac hinh thiie ngon ngii (cac mau ldi ndi) dupc • luyen tap tren ldp mot each tu nhien vi tuy SV CO kha nang nghe hieu, nhd va bat chudc (noi theo) ngay tai ch6 trong ldp hpc, song cac em cung rat chong quen va cam thay bi
"tac" khi gap tinh budng tuong tu trong giao tiep thuc, tiic la khdng dien dat duoc nhiing gi dinh ndi mac dii sau mdt thdi gian dai hpe tap, Ngudi ta earn thay nghi ngd ve tinh hieu qua cua phuang phap nay so vdi phuong phap Ngu phap-Dieh. Tuy nhien, SV eo the nghe va ndi thudn Ihue neu eac em duoe ren luyen trong mdi trudng ngogi ngii (language environment)
Phuffng phap Giao tiep
Phuang phap Giao tiep (Communicative Approach) hay cdn gpi la Ducmg hudng Giao tiep dugc xem nhu phuang phap day hpc ngoai ngii pho bien, duac h^u het eac giang vien bp mon Ngoai ngii thudng xuyen ap dung, Hau hel cac giao trinh, SGK tieng Anh d cae nude tren the gidi va d Viet Nam deu duoc bi6n sogn dya theo quan diem giao hpc
Nguyin Tin Tan TiSn vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & C6NG NGHE 163(03/1) 243 - 247 phap ciia Phuang phap Giao tiep, Phuong
phap nay do cac nha ngdn ngii irng dung ngudi Anh phat trien hoan toan khac bi$t vdi phuang phap dya tren nen tang ngii phap eiia Phuong phap Tmyen thong.
Ve bdn chdt- Phuong phap Giao tiep nhan manh vao mue lieu ciia viee hpc ngdn ngii - do la nang luc giao nip (eommuniealive competence). Ngudi ta coi nang luc ngon ngir la kha nang bara smh cua rapi con ngudi binh thudng, De giao liep dupc, phuong phap nay doi hoi phai linh den phuang di^n xa hpi, van hoa eiia ngdn ngii, eae dieu kien xa hoi eua qua trinh san sinh ngdn ngii, va linh den ngdn ngii dupe dimg trong cudc song hang ngay Ngoai ra, phuang phap Giao tiep cdn chii y tdi phuong dien nghTa cua ngon ngii, hay ndi mot each khac can luu y tdi y dinh giao tiep (intention of communication), Khai niem nay ve sau eae nha ngon ngir goi lit chiec nang ngdn ngit (language function) Nhu vay, theo Phuang phap Giao tiep ngdn ngii khong chi la phucmg tien dien dgt tu duy ma cdn la phuang tien giao tiep. Mue dich euoi ciing ciia ngudi hoc ngoai ngu khong ehi tiep thu va nam chae kien thiic ngon ngii (ngu ara, lir vyng, ngii phap) ma can phai dat dupe nang lyc (kha nang) giao tiep; tiic la phat trien dupc tat ca 4 kl nang ngdn ngii (nghe, ndi, dpc, viet) va sir dyng dupc ngon ngii de giao tiep.
Quy trinh thuc hiin- Xuat phat tir ban chat ciia Phuong phap Giao tiep, tai lieu giing day theo dudng hudng nay can dupe thiet ke de dap ling nhu cau giiip ngudi hpc cd the thyc hien duoe eac ehiie nang ngon ngir khac nhau, chang hgn nhu xm phep, di nghi, yeu cdu ai dd ldm viec gi; md td su vgt; bdy Id su quan tdm, ihich ihii hoac khdng thich v.v De giap tiep hieu qua, ngudi hpc ean phai sii dung cae hinh thire ngdn ngu thich hop vdi tinh hudng giao tiip (situations), trong dd yen cau ngudi tham gia giao tiep phai the hien dupc y dinh giao nip (intention) thdng qua
vice thuc hi?n cae nhiim vu khae nhau (tasks),
Tien trinh giang dgy dien ra theo 5 budc: Gidi thi?u ngu li?u (presentation), Thyc hanh bai tap (Exercises); Hoat ddng giao tiep (Communicative activities); Danh gia (Evaluation), Ciing cd (Consolidation) ifu diim: Phucmg phap Giao tiep cd uu diem han han cae phuang phap khae la nd bao triim mpi phucmg dien eiia qua trinh dgy hpc ngoai ngii: do la eae yeu td ngdn ngir, van hda, xa bpi, eae yeu to ngoai ngdn ngii,.. nham ren luyen ki nang giao tiep hoan ehinh, Dge biet Phuang phap Giao tiep coi hinh thanh va phat trien bon kT nang giao tiep nhu nghe, ndi, doc va viet Id muc dich cudi ciing eiia qua trinh dgy hoc Cac kien thiie ngdn ngu nhu ngii am, til vung va ngu phap Id phuang Uen, dieu kiin hinh thanh va phat trien cac kT nang giao tiep Vi vay, phuong phap Giao tiep thuc sy giiip cho SV CO kha nang su dung dupe tieng Anh de giao tiep.
Hgn chi: Phuong phap Giao tiep nhan manh vao viec hinh thanh va phat trien 4 kT nang ngdn ngii: nghe, ndi, dpe, viet trong qua trinh day hoc, trong do kien thiie ngon ngir (ngu am, til vung va ngii phap) khong dupc quan tam mot each thich dang Kel qua la mpt so SV cam thay kho cd the "giao tiep" vi SV lam sao eo the nghe, ndi, doc, viet dupe mpt khi cae em khdng n4m chac he thong qui tie ngdn ngii. Mat khae, Iheo quan diem eiia phuong phap nay, quan he giira y dinh giao tiep (bao gom eac hanh ddng ldi ndi hay la eac ehiic nang ngdn ngir hpc duae) va hien thyc la qua phirc tap, khong ro rang. Ndi mpt each khac, ngudi ta kho co the lua chpn cae phat ngdn theo ehue nang phii hop vdi nhu cau giao tiep thuc tc da dang va rat phiic tap,
KET QUA K H A O S A T
Phan nay trinh bay ve eae phuang phap giang day ma giang vien bd mon Ngoai ngii thudng xuyen ap dung.
Nguyen Th] Tdn Tien va Dig Tap chi KHOA HOC & C6NG NGHE 163(03/1) 243-247 Bang \:Miecdg thu&ng xuyen cut
~'~"~^^—~^,_^^ Tan suat Rat Phuong phap "^ —-—..^ thutmg xuyen Dmh hudng giao tiep
Cpmimicative language 90%
teaching Phuang phdp nghe npi Phuong phdp NgQ phdp - dich
I viic su dung cdc phut Thirong
xuyen 10%
40%
20%
Thinh thoang
40%
30%
yng phdp gidng dgy (N—8) Rat Chua S5p hang mue do It khi sfrdung thuong xuyen
1
20% 2 40% 10% 3 Qua phdng van, nhieu giang 'vien eho rang, ban chat eua hpc phan va npi dung giang day quyet dinh vi?e sir dung phuong phap giang day thich hpp. Nhieu giang vien phat bieu, phuang phap, dge biSt phuong phap cd sir dyng eae phuang lien giang dgy hien dai la tot, nhung ehinh kha nang ehuyen mdn cao mdi la yeu to quyet dinh
Bang 2: Khdo sdtphiecmgphdp gidng day md sinh vien thich hgc (N=i60) Phuffngphdp thick hgc
Dinh hudng giao tiep Comunicative language teaching Phuang phap Nghe - noi Phuong phdp NgS phap - dich
Bang 3: Hogt Rat thich
70%
15%
10%
dong md sinh
~~~^~-~~-___^^ Lua chon Rat hihi ich Hinh thuc _ Hoc mpt minh 0%
Hpc theo cdp 30%
Hpc theo nhom 40%
Hpc vdi cd lap 5%
vien yet Binh thuong
15%
10%
10%
1 thich nhdt (N= 160) Hull fch 0%
70%
60%
5%
Khong thich 5%
75%
80%
Khong hihi ich 100%
0%
0%
90%
BAN LUAN
Phan ldn giang vien cd gipng ndi luu loat, ro rang, dien cam va doi liie eo nhan raanh nhuTig diem trpng tara. Tac phong md phgm, chiing ehge, giau kinh nghiem, thinh thoang xen lan tinh khoi hai vira phai va dac biet la cd thai dp ton trpng sinh vien. Mot so giang vien Sli dyng da dgng eae phuong phap nham tieh cue hoa sinh vien va bai giang them sinh dong, Phan ldn giang vien sir dung phuong phap dinh hudng giao tiep. Dae diem noi bat ma ehiing tdi ghi nhgn trong qua trinh quan sat cae bai giang eiia mpt so giang vien bp mdn Ngoai ngii la cai "tam", la tinh than trach nhiem, t ^ tyy vdi nghe, la su tan tinh giii thieh can ke ndi dung bai giing, tra Idi tat ea nhiing cau hdi thae mac eua sinh vien.
Ve phia sinh vien, phan ldn sinh vien deu yeu thieh phuong phap giing day Dinh hudng 246
giao tiep, hirng thu vdi hoat ddng tap the, deu san sang deu san sang tham gia vao eac hoat dpng thuc hanh giap tiep va co miie do hpp tae cao. Day eung la mdt trong nhirng yeu to quan trpng gdp phan tao nen tiianh cdng eua phuong phap dinh hudng giao tiep, Sinh vien thich hogt dpng theo nhdm, eae hogt ddng raang tinh lap the. Day la hinh thiic hpc rat tot vi sinh vien cd dieu kien phat huy kha nang su dung ngon ngir vao nhiing tinh huong cu the, Cac hogt dong thao Iuan theo nhdm de trao doi tiidng tin se tao ra su tae dong qua Iai giiia eac sinh vien vdi nhau, sinh vien se trd nen ehu dpng hon trong viee hpc eiia minh.
KHUYEN NGHI
- De cac phuang phap giang day tiieo djnh hudng giao tiep dgt hieu qua cao hom, nha tmdng can dau tu han eae trang tiiiet bi hien dai de hpc Ngogi ngir nhu, Phong hpe tieng,
Nguyen Thi Tan Ti^n vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 163(03/1). 243-247 Ihu vien d i e n t u , may quay phim,.. . Ben egnh
dd, N h a t m d n g can phan logi va xep ldp sinh vien theo trinh dp cua sinh vien.
- De dgt d u p c m u c dich g i i n g day tieng Anh theo dinh h u d n g giao tiep, nhiing gid tren ldp, giing vien phai ehii y tang eudng von tir v y n g hon la phan tieh n g u p h ^ , chu trpng ky nang nghe ndi chii khdng phai doc-viet, dge bipt chii trpng viec phat am.
- Sinh vien can nhgn thiic ro tam quan trpng ciia mdn Tieng Anh tir dd hinh thanh dpng e o hiing thu hoc tap, t u tgo thanh eae nhdm thuc hanh bai giang ngoai Idp hoc de tao thanh Ihdi quen ndi trong p h i n xg,
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O 1 Anderson, A & Lynch, (1998) Lis/ening, OUP
2 Nunan, (1991). Language Teaching Methodology.
PrenUce Hall International (UK) Ltd
3 Le Vdn Hdo (2001), Dtalogical and Collaborative Learning in J 'ielnamese Culture: An Approach to Teaching Introductory Physics Courses Luan dn Tien si. The University pf Melbourne: Department of Sciences and Mathematics
4, Nguyin Minh Hue, Ndng cao tinh dpc ldp tu chii chp ngudi hpc ky ndng viet Ihong qua vific phdt tn^n cac chien lupc ldm chii qua trinh hpc VNU Journal of Science, Foreign Languages 24, 246-253 2008.
5 Nguyen Vdn Long, Thudn lpi, kho khdn va giai phap Uong viec irng dyng cflng nghfi vao giang day ngoai ngfl [ICT in language education Benefits, challenges and solutions]. Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe - Dai hoc Da Ndng (The University of Danang Joumal of Science and Technology), 1(30) (2009) 128
S U M M A R Y
E V A L U A T I N G E N G L I S H T E A C H I N G M E T H O D S U S E D IN T H A I N G U Y E N U N I V E R S I T Y O F M E D I C I N E AND P H A R M A C Y
Nguyen Thi Tail Tien , Nguyen Thi Thanh Hong University ofMedicme and Pharmacy - TNU With the main aim to describe English teaching methods used in Thai Nguyen University pf Medicine and Pharmacy and evaluate the applicatipn of these method, the research used descriptive method and investigating method to study English teaching methods used in Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Teachers of English in Departement of Foreign languages . Freshman students and second - year • student in TUMP The results of the study showed tiiat all the teachers of English at TUMP applied communicative language teaching method, created active leaming environment and mcreased students' motivation and participation in learning activities
Key words: Active attitude. Communicative language teaching Method, Grammar - Translation Method, Audiolingual Method or Audio-Oral Method, Listening comprehension
Ngay nhgn bdi: 11/11/2016; Ngdy phdn bien: 39/11/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng: 31/03/2017 ' Tel: 0988 905105: Email: [email protected]
