THVC TIEN - BINH NCHIEM
VE TiNH TIET OABIXV PHAT VI PHAM HANH CHJNH VE HANH VI CHIEM DOAT TAI SAN
TRONG MOT SO TOI XAM PHAM SO HUU
P t t p i VAN TUAN*
T6in tat: Bo luit Hinh sir nam 2015 sira doi, bo sung nam 2017 CO hi^u luc thi lianh tit 01/01/2018, tuy nhiSn, mot s6 hirong din tlii hanli tra&c dky hifn nay Idi&ng con phii hgp nlnmg chva c6 van ban moi thay tlie. Bai viet nghien ciiu mdt s6 nSi dung li@n quan din vi|c dinh t$i danh cfia mOt s6 toi thu^c Chutfng
"Cac t$i xam pham so^ hiru'* theo quy dinh ciia Bd lu^t Hinh sur nam 201S.
Tit khoa: Cdc toi xdm pham so him: dinh tpi danh; da bi xit phut vipham hdnh chinh ve hdnh vi chiem doat.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 24/7/2018: ngdy bien tap xong: 10/8/2018: ngdy duyet bdi:
27/8/2018.
1. Cac toi xam pham sir hiru So voi Bg luat Hmh su (BLHS) nam 1999 (sua dai, bl sung nam 2009) thi BLHS nam 2015 siia doi, bo stmg nam 2017 (sau day ggi la BLHS nam 2015) vin giir nguyen cac toi danh thuoc Chuong
"Cac toi xam pham so hiiu". Cu the, tai Chuang XVI BLHS nam 2015 van bao gIm 13 toi danh tir Dieu 168 den Dieu 180 quy dinh cac toi co tinh chat xam pham quyin sa hiiu tai san, dieu khac biet do la thay dli mgt s6 tinh tiet dinh toi, dinh
khung, mdc hinh phat thi hien nguyen tic hinh su hoa va phi hinh su hoa theo duong loi, chu truang ciia Dang, chinh sach, phap luat cua Nha nuoc phii hgp vai thuc tl.
Trong s6 do c6 04 toi danh quy dinh tinh tiet "da hi xii phat vi pham hanh chinh ve hanh vi chilm doat tai san" la tinh tilt dinh toi quy dinh tai khoan 1 cac Dilu 172 (Toi cong nhien chilm doat tai san); Dilu
'Vien Mem sat nhan dan huyen Can ( = „ . , tinh Bong Thap. ^ao Lanh,
Tap chi
5 4 I KIEMSAT. /Sii11(lliaiigM(»19)
THVC TIEN - KINH NCHIEM 173 (Tdi trdm cap tai sdn); Dieu 174 (Tdi
lira ddo cbidm doat tdi san); D i l u 175 (Tdi lam dung tm nhiem chilm doat tdi sdn), khi gia tri tdi san bi chiem doat dudi raire tdi thieu de truy ciiu trdch nhiem hinh su ma truoc do nguoi thuc Men hdnh vi vi ph^m dd bi xu phat vi pham hdnh chinh ve hanh vi ehiera doat tdi sdn.
Cd 04 tdi danh tren deu cd rapt sd ddu hieu chung nhu:
- Khdch Ihe bi xam hai deu la quan he sd hull da duac Hien phdp ghi nhdn vd dupe ludt hinh sy bdo ve khdi hdnh vi gay thiet hai hoac de dpa gay thiet hai cho chu sd hiiu hoac nguai dupe chu sd huu giao trach nhiem qudn ly tdi san.
- Chii the ciia tdi phara; Ld bdt ky ngudi nao cd nang lyc trach nhiera hinh sy vd dat dp tudi nhdt dinh. Tuy nhien, cdn chu y can eii vdo tudi chiu trdch nhiem hinh sy dupe quy dinh tai Dieu 12 BLHS nam 2015 tbi n l u ngudi thyc hien hdnh vi bi du 14 tudi d i n dudi 16 tudi chi phai chiu trdch nhiem hinh su theo khoan 3, 4 Dilu 173 (Tpi trpm cap tdi sdn), edn ddi vdi Tdi cdng nhien ehidm doat tdi sdn, Tdi lira ddo chilm doat tdi san, Tpi lara dyng tin nhidm chilm doat tdi sdn, neu ngudi thuc hien hdnh vi pham tdi tii dii 14 tudi din dudi 16 tudi se khong pbdi chiu trdch nhiem hinh sy.
- Ddu hieu v l dinh lupng Id yeu td thude cdu thanh co ban ciia cac tdi danh hen. Trong dd, ddi vdi Tpi cdng nhien chilm doat tdi sdn, Tdi trdm edp tai sdn, Tdi lua ddo ehilm doat tdi sdn thi tdi sdn bi cfailm doat phdi cd gid tri tir 2.000.000 ddng trd len, cdn ddi vdi Toi lam dung tin nhi?m chilm doat tdi sdn la 4.000.000 ding h d len. N l u tai san bi xara pham dudi miic gia tri neu tren thi phdi thda
man rapt trong cac dieu kien nhu: Da hi xir phat vi phara hdnh chinh v l hanh vi ehiera doat tai san ma cdn vi pham; da bi ket an ve rapt sd tpi quy dinh trong bd luat hinh su, chua dupe xda dn tich md cdn vi pham; gdy dnh hudrng xdu den an ninh, trat ty, an todn xa bdi... Trong do, cd ddu hieu chung Id "da bi xii phat vi pham hdnh chinh ve hanh vi chidra doat tai sdn rad cdn vi pham". Nghia la, ngudi thyc hien mdt trong bdn hanh vi neu tren tuy ehiera doat tdi sdn dudi miie dinh lupng thupc cdu thanh co ban nhung trudc dd da bi xii phat vi pham hanh chinh ve hanh vi ehiera doat tai sdn nhung ehua hdt thdi ban de dupe coi la chua bi xir ly thi vdn phdi cbiu trach nhiem hinh sy.
2. Bdt cdp trong viec hirdfng dan x u ly hinh sir
Hien nay, BLHS nara 2015 da cd hieu lyc thi hanh nhung chua cd van ban hudng ddn radi ve cdc tdi xdm pham sd hiiu, ede co quan tiln hdnh td tung van dang dp dyng Thdng tu lien tich sd 02/2001/TTLT- TANDTC-VKSNDTC-BCA-BTP ngay 25/12/2001 ciia Tda an nhdn dan tdi cao, Vien kilm sat nhdn dan tdi cao, Bd Cdng an, Bp Tu phdp v l viec hudng ddn mpt sd quy dinh tai Chuong XIV "Cac tpi xdm pham so huu" eua Bp ludt Hmh sy nam 1999 (Thdng tu lien tich sd 02) trong do, tai myc 1.3 Phdn 1 Thdng tu lien tich sd 02 quy dinh: Bi coi Id "da bi xir phat hdnh chinh v l hdnh vi chilm doat" n l u birdc dd da bi xu phat hanh ehinh ve rapt trong cae hdnh vi sau ddy: a) Hanh vi cuop tdi sdn; b) Hdnh vi bdt cdc nham chiem doat tai sdn;
e) Hanh vi cudng doat tdi sdn; d) Hdnh vi eu(ip gidt tdi san; d) Hanh vi cdng nhien ehilm doat tai san; e) Hanh vi trpra cap tdi san; g) Hanh vi lira dao chiira doat tai san;
S6l1(thang6«H9)\
Tap chi _KIEMSAT I 5 5
THUC TIEN - KINH NGHIEM
h) Hanh vi lam dung tin nhiera chidm doat tdi san; i) Hanh vi tham d tai sdn; k) Hdnh vi lam dyng cbiic vy, quyen ban ehiera doat tai sdn.
Quy dinh tren dupe hieu la khi mdt nguoi da bi xir phat vi phara hanh chmh ve mpt hong cac banh vi neu ben ma chua bet thdi ban dupe coi la chua bi xu ly nay lai thyc hien rapt trong cac hdnh vi cdng nhien chiem doat tdi san, from cap tdi sdn, lira ddo chiera doat tdi sdn, lara dyng tm nhidm chiem doat tai sdn thi dii gid tri tai san bi chiem doat dudi miic ea bdn ma dieu ludt da quy dinh vdn se bi tmy cim frdeh nhidm hinh sy.
Tuy nhien, vdn de dat ra la ddi vdi cae hdnh vi cuop tdi sdn, bat cdc nhdra chiem doat tdi san, cuong doat tai sdn, eudp gidt tdi san thi chi cdn ngudi ndo thyc hien mdt frong sd cdc hanh vi dd Id da dii yeu td cau thdnh tdi pham. Khoa hpc ludt hinh sy gpi dd la "tpi pham cd cdu thdnh hinh thiic", tiic la, ngudi thye hien hdnh vi pham tdi chi cdn thuc hien rapt frong cdc hdnh vi neu fren nhdm chiera doat tai sdn ciia cd nhdn, td chiic khde la da dii yeu td cdu thdnh tdi pham, bdt ludn dd la tdi sdn gi, cd gid tri bao nhieu chi cdn Id yeu td de dinh khung hinh phat. Trong khi dd, tai khodn 1 D i l u 12 BLHS nam 2015 quy dinh:
"Ngudi tir 16 tudi frd len phdi chiu frach nhiem hinh su ve mpi tdi pham, trir nhiing tdi pham ma Bd ludt nay ed quy dinh khde". Nhu vdy, viee xir phat vi phara hdnh ehinh ddi vdi eac hdnh vi neu fren chi dat ra ddi vdi trudng hpp ngudi thyc hien hanh vi d dp tudi bi dii 14 tudi din dudi 16 tudi. Trong khi dd, tai khodn 2 Dieu 12 BLHS nam 2015 quy dinh: "Ngudi bi dii 14 tudi d i n dual 16 tudi phai chiu frach nhiera hmh su v l tdi phara rdt nghiem
frpng, tpi pham dac biet nghiem frpng quy dinh tai mdt trong cac dilu... 168, 169, 170, 171, 173...".
Tir quy diuh fr6n eho thdy, n l u ngudi bi dli 14 d i n dudi 16 tudi md da bi xii phat vi pham hdnh chinh v l hdnh vi chiira doat tdi sdn frong so eac hdnh vi neu fren nay lai thyc hidn mdt frong cde hanh vi cdng nhien chiem doat tdi sdn, from edp tai san, lua dao ehiera doat tdi sdn, lara dyng tin nhiera chilm doat tai sdn tbi cdng khdng bi coi Id tpi pham. Bdi le, n l u khai td frong truang hpp nay thi nguoi thyc hien hdnh vi pham tdi chi cd the bi khai td theo khoan 1 cua cdc dieu ludt cd miic hinh phat cai tao khdng giam giii den 03 nam hoae phat bi tu 06 thdng den 03 nam thupc trudng hpp it nghiem frpng, frong khi dd ngudi tit dil 14 d i n dudi 16 tudi chi phdi chiu frdeh nhiera hinh su v l tdi rdt nghiem frpng, dac biet nghiem trpng quy dinh tai khodn 2 Dilu 12 Bd ludt Hinh sy ndm 2015. Chieu theo cdc quy dinh neu tren thi mac dli frude dd mdt ngudi da bi xii phat vi pham hanh chmh v l mdt frong cdc hanh vi quy djnh tai cdc dilm a, b, c, d Muc 1.3 Phan I Thdng br lien tich sd 02 ma lai tilp tyc thyc hien hanh vi quy dinh tai cde Dieu 173, Dilu 174, Dilu 175 vd D i l u 176 nhung tai san bi chilm doat dudi miic cau thanh co ban thi cung se khdng bi coi la tdi phara vd khdng phdi chiu frach nhiera hinh sy.
Ben canh dd, viec quy dinh da bi xir phat vi phara hdnh chinh v l hanh vi chilm doat ddi vcd hanh vi tham d tai san hanh VI lara dung chiic vu, quyin han chilm doat tai sdn cung se khdng hop ly. Boi vi hdnh vi thara d tdi san va hanh vi lam dung
IXem tiep trang OO) Tap chi
5 6 I KIEIM SAT_ySo11(thangft2019)
