HOI NGHI KHOA HQC T O A N Q U O C V £ SINH T H A I V A T A I N G U Y £ N SINH VAT L A N THCf BA
THANH PHAN CO DAI HAI THANH LONG O BINH THUAN
NGUYEN VAN LIEM, NGUYEN KIM HOA, TRAN THANH THAP Vien Bdo ve Thuc vgt TRAN THI H U Q N G
Vien Moi trudng Nong nghiep Dieu tra thanh phan ed dai li mgt frong eac hgp phan cua Dy in "Dieu fra eo ban thanh phin sinh vat hai tren mgt si eay trdng chinh vi sin pham ndng nghifp sau thu hoach chii yeu d Vift Nam" (2006-2010) do Vien Bao vf thye vat dang phdi hgp vdi Cue Bao yf thye vat thuc hifn nhim phuc vu muc dich hgi nhap kinh te qude te cua nude ta ve ITnh vyc xuat nhap khau nong sin hang hoa. Thanh long Hylocereus undatus (Haworth) Brittoii & Rose, mgt mat hang nong san xuit khau quan trgng ciia Vift Nam, la mgt trong so cic cay frong chinh dugc dieu tra lan niy. Tir nhirng nim 1990 trd lai day^ Thanh long trd thanh loai cay cd gia tri kinh te cao va dugc trong pho bien d Binh Thuan. Tinh den pay, Binh Thuan da cd 10.578ha Tharih long, trong do dien tich cho thu hoach khoang 9.000ha. Tong sin lugng nam 2006 dat 130.000 tan, ning suit binh quan dat 20 tin/ha. Khoing 80% tdng sin lugng Thanh long dugc tieu thu tai thj trudng trong nude, cdn lai dugc xuat khau ra nude ngoii. Thj trudng xuat khau chii yeu la die khu hanh chihh Hdng Kong, vimg lanh thd Dai Loan, Xingapo, Thai Lan, Trung Qude... vi budc dau da tham nhap vao thj trudng Dire, Ha Lan vi My. Bai viet niy cung cap nhimg ket qua dieu tra ve thanh phan cd dai cd trong cac vudn Thanh long d Binh Thuan do Vifn Bao vf thye vat thye hifn trong 2 nim 2008 vi 2009.
L PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
Vifc dieu tra vi thu thap thinh phin cd dai tren dat trdng cay Thanh long d tinh Binh Thuan dugc tien hanh theo phuang phap diiu tra ngau nhien theo tuyen. Danh gia muc dg pho bien ciia cac loai co dai tren ddng rugng, chgp inh, thu thap mau vat va mo ti die diem ciia chung. Mau vat da thu thap dugc lam tieu ban khd theo phuang phap 6p kho hoic luge mau trong dung djch axit acetic (CH3COOH) vi sunphat ding (CUSO4). Giam dinh ten cay theo cic tii lifu ciia Pham Ho&g Hg (1999), Nguyen Khic Khdi (2000), Le Kim Bien (2000), Do Tit Lgi (2006) vi Suk Jin Koo et al. (2000).
IL KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU
Thinh phan co d^i trong vudn Thanh long d tinh Binh Thuan da dugc dieu tra thu thap tai 8 xa trong thing 8 nim 2008 vi thing 9 nim 2009. Trong dd cd 4 xa diugc huyfn Him Thuan Nam (gom Ham Kifm, Him Cudn^, Tan Lap vi Him My), 3 xa thugc huyfn Ham Thuan Bic (gom Him Chinh, Ham Due vi Hdng San) va 1 xa (Phong Nim) thugc thinh phi Phan Thiet.
Ket qui cho thiy cd 124 loii ed dai thugc 32 hg thye vat gay hai trong cac vudn Thanh long d tinh Binh Thuan. Cic hg thye vat cd'so loii nhiiu gom hg Hoa thio Poaeeae (23 loii chiem 18,55% tong sd loai thu dugc), hg Lac - Cyperaceae (15 loii chiem 12,10%), hg Dau - Leguminosaceae (14 loii chiim 11,29%), hg Cue - Asteraeeae (8 loii ehiim 6,45%), hg Den - Amarathaceae (8 loai chiim 6,45%), hg Byp - Malvaceae (7 loai chiim 5,65%), hg Thiu diu - Euphorbiaceae (6 loii chiem 4,84%) vi hg Bim - Convollaceae (5 loii chiem 4,03%). Da so eic hg con lai thudng chi cd tir 1-2 loii_(bang 1). Cd 8 loai dugc xem li dii tugng gay hai nguy hiem can phong trir gom Thai lai tring (Commelina dijfusa Burm.f); Coi hoa xanh (Cyperus compressus L.); Cd lac md (Cyperus iria L.); Cd giu (Cyperus rotundus Linn); Long vyc can (Echinochloa colona (L.) Link.); ciy Cut lgn (Ageratum conyjoides L.); cay Trinh nir bd (Mimosa pudica L.); Rau muong dumg (Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven.).
Bdng 1
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Thanh phan cac loai cd dai trong vudn Thanh long d Binh Thuan
TT
1 2 3*
4 5 6 7 8*
9 10 11*
12 13 14*
15 16 17 18 19
20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31*
32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ten loii Ten Vift Nam
Hg Mon (Riy) Ban ha ba thuy (Choc) Ho Rau Uai
Dau rieu
Thai lai Uang (Rau trai) Trai re
Hg Lac C6i bong cau U du than ngan Lac ba dao
Coi hoa xanh (Cu dgp) Co lac dii (Co chao) Coi dat chua (Cii ccrm) Co lac ma (Coi g^o) Coi vay xoan (Lie xoan) Coi liin
Co gau (Co cii) Coi Ghine
Co long lgn (Cdi quang phan dgi)
Co chat (Coi quin to te) Coi amg long (Co aing long) Chiiy tir trung bg Hg Hoa bin Co la tham Co long tay VT thio bo
Co mat (Co luc long) Co may
Cd ga nude (Co ga can) Co chi cong
Co chan ga
Tu chinh hai simg (Co chi) Co chan nhfn
Tii chinh ta Long vyc can Long vyc nude Co nuc Co man trau Tinh thao tich lan Co bdng Co mit nhieu gie Co tranh Co duoi phugng Co gimg (Co gimg bd)
Ten khoa hgc Araceae
Typhonium Irilobatum (L.) Schott.
Commellinaceae
Commalina benghalensis Linn.
Commelina dijfusa Burm.f
Murdannia divergens (C. B.Cl.) Bruckn.
Cyperaceae
Courloisia cyperoides Nees.
Cyperus brevifolius (Rottb.) Hassk.
Cyperus compactatus Retz.
Cyperus compressus L.
Cyperus dijformis L.
Cyperus haspan Linn.
Cyperus iria L.
Cyperus michelianus (L.) Link.
Cyperus pygmaeus Rottb.
Cyperus rotundus Linn.
Cyperus tenuiculmis Boeck.
Fimbristylis dicholoma (L.) Vadl.
Fimbristylis miliacea (Linn.) M. Vahl.
Fuirena ciliaris (L.) Roxb.
Rhynchospora heterochaeta var. bubalorum Raym.
Poaeeae
Axonopus ajfinis A. Chase Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf Brachiaria reptans (L.) Gard. & Hubb.
Chloris barbala Sw.
Chrysopogon ariculatus (Retz.) Trin Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Cynodon arcuatus Presl.
Dactyloclenium aegyptium (L.) Willd.
Digilaria barbala Willd.
Digilaria propinqua Gaudich
Digilaria seligera Roth, ex Roem. & Sch. var.
setigera
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link.
Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. ssp. Crus- galli
Echinochloa frumentacea (Roxb.) Link Eleusina indica (L.) Gaertn.
Eragrostis zeylcmica Ness & Mey.
Eragrotis lenella (L.) Beauv. ex Roem & Sch.
Eriochloa polyslachya Kunth.
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.
Leplochloa chinensis (L.) Nees.
Panicum repens Lirm.
Dg nhieu (df gap) + + + + + + -1- +
-1- + den + + + +
+ den + + -i- +
+ +
-1- + den + + -f + +
+ + -I- + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + + +
+ -f den -f + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +
+ den + + _ + +
+ + + +
+ + ^ ^
++ z n
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42 43 44*
45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 63 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81
Cola
Co chac (San nuac) Hg Ngo (Hoa tan) Rau ma
Hg Cue Cay Cut lgn Nhg noi (Co muc) Cay CO lao (Yen bach) Rau ma tia
Vj the (Co li xoai) Cay CO hoi (Co bg xit) Ciic muoi (Thu thao) Bach dau ong HgCap
Mang mang uang Mang mang Mang mang triu Hg Rau ding dat Co Tam khoi HgDen Co xuac
Dfu bo (Dfu long) Rau dfu (Diec khong cuong) Den gai
Den tia (Den canh) Den cam
Mao ga No ngay dat Hg Mong tai Mong tai Hg Bong phan Nam sam bo (Sam dat) Nam sam dimg Hg Rau sam Rau sam HgDau
Dien ma an (Dien ma nham) Co hang the
Lam dau long Muong la tii Muong hoi Trung chau (Budm) Biec
Muong la Uon Trang qua harm Trang qua ba hoa Cham nhugm Hong dau Dien thanh Luong diep Hg Trinh nir
Paspalum conjugatum Berg.
Paspalum distichum L.
Apiaceae
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
Asteraeeae
Ageratum conyjoides L Eclipta alba (Linn.) Hassk Eupatorium odoratum L.
Emilia sonchifolia (L.) D.C.
Struchium sparganophorum (L.) Kuntze Synedrelle nodiflora (L.) Gaertn.
Tridax procumbens L.
Vemonia cinerea (L.) Less.
Capparaceae Cleome gynandra L.
Cleome rutidosperma DC.
Cleome viscosa L.
Aizoaceae
Trianthema portulacaslrum Linn.
Amarathaceae Achyranthes aspera L.
Altemanthera paronichyoides St. - Hii.
Altemanthera sessilis (L.) D.C.
Amaranthus spinosus L.
Amaranthus Iricodes L., Amaranthus viridis L.
Celosia argentea L.
Gomphrena celosioides Mart.
Basellaceae Basella rubra L.
Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia dijfusa L.
Boerhavia erecta L.
Portulacaceae
Portulaca oleraceae L.
Leguminosaceae (Fabaceae) Aeschynomene indica L.
Alysicurpus vaginalis (L.) A.P.
Calopogonium mucunoides Desv.
Cassia obtusifolia L.
Cassia lora L.
Centrosema pubescens Benth Cliloria lernatea L.
Crotalaria mucronata Desv.
Desmodium harmsii Schindl.
Desmodium triflorum D.C.
Indigofera tinctoria L.
Rothia indica (L.) Thuan Sesbania sesban Blanco Zornia gibbosa Spanoghe
Mimosaceae
+ + + + + + + + + + -<- den + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + den -f + + den + + +
_.
+ den + + + +
+ + den + + + +
+ + + +
-+- + den + 4- + +
+ + + + + + + +.
+.
+ + + + + + + + + + + + +
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83*
84 85 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105*
106 107 . 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119
Cay trinh nir moc Cay trinh nir bd Hg Thien ly H i thii 6 nam Tien qui spire Hg Me dat
Chua me dat hoa vang Hg Voi voi
Voi voi Voi voi nham Hg Hiing (Hoa moi) E ldn dau (E hinh thoi) Oiu thao dan chung (Xon dai) Hg Thau dau (Ba manh vo) Cii den long
Cd sira la to
Co sira la nho (Co sira dat) Phen den
Ch6 de ring cua Vay oc
Hg Bup Bup vang Coi xay Hoang manh Ke nd
Bai nhgn (Choi dye) Bai ta (Ke hoa vang) Ke hoa dio
Hg Rau muang
Dira can (Rau muang dimg) Hg Ma de
Made H g R i m
Cd nghe tring (Nghe trau) Hg Ca phe
Rugt ga Coc min An dien hai hoa An dien lan (Ludi rin tring) Hg Bo hon
Tam phong H g O r o Trii no
Hg Hoa mom cho Cam thio nam (Cam thio dat) Hg Bim bim
Rau muong Bim khoi Bim nho Bim chan cgp Bim ba thuy
Mimosa invisa Mart.
Mimosa pudica L.
Aselepiadaceae
Streptocaulon juventas (Lour.) Merr.
Toxocarpus sperei Cost.
Oxalidaceae
Oxalis corniculata L.
Boraginaceae
Heletropium indicum L.
Heliotropium slrigonum Willd.
Lamiaceae (Labiatae)
Hyplis rhomboidea Mart & Gal Salvia plebeia R.Br.
Euphorbiaceae Croton hirtus L'H' erit Euphorbia hirta L.
Euphorbia thymifolia L.
Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.
Phyllanthus urinaria L.
Phyllanthus virgatus Forst.f.
Malvaceae
Abelmoschatus mostachus Medicus Abutilon indicum L.
Malvaslrum coroman-delianum (L.) Gurcke Pavonia repanda (J. E. Sm.) Spreng
Sida acuta Burm.f Sida rhombifolia L.
Urena lobata L.
Onagraceae
Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven Planta ginaceae
Plantago major L. var. asiatica Decaisne Polygonaceae
Polygonum barbalum L.
Rubiaceae
Borreria articidaris (L.f) F.N. WilL Hedyotis corymbosa L.
Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lam.
Hedyotis difliisa Willd.
Sapindaceae
Cardiospermum halicacabum L.
Acanthaceae Ruellia luberosa L.
Serophulariaceae Scoparia dulcis L.
Convollaceae Ipomoea aquatica L.
Ipomoea carnea Jacq.
Ipomoea maxima (Lf) Don in Sw.
Ipomoea pes-ligridis L.
Ipomoea triloba L.
+ +
+ -1- den + + + +
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + den + -i--n- + +
+ + + + + + +
+ _ ,
+ den -f -^
+ den -1- -t; . + , +
+ . +
+ den + +
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120 121 122 123 124
HgCa Tam b6p
Cay lii lii due (Hgt mit) Hg Bau bi
Dua dai (Cut qua la nguyen) Hg Nhan long
Lac tien Hg Rang tay scm Rang tay san ngay
Solanaceae
Physalis angulata L.
Solanum nigrum Mill.
Cucurbitaceae
Gymnopetalum gjf. integriplium (Roxb.) Kurz Passifloraceae
Passiflora foetida L.
Gleichniaceae
Dicranopteris linearia (Burm.f) Und.
+
•f den + +
+ den + + + den -f + +
Ghi chu: -i- rat it, tan suit bit gap dudi 25%; + + it, tan suat bat gap 25 - 50%; + + + nhieu, tan suit bit gap 51-75%; + + + + rat nhieu, tan suat bat gap tren 75%; * loai dac biet quan trgng ve mirc do gay hai.
HI. KET LUAN
Da xic djnh dugc 124 loii cd dai thugc 32 hg cua 21 bg thye vat gay hai trong cie vudn Thanh long tai tinh Binh Thuan. Trong do cd 8 loai gay hai quan trgng can dugc phong trir gom Commelina diffusa Burm.f; Cyperus compressus L.; Cyperus iria L.; Cyperus rotundus Linn;
Echinochloa colona (L.) Link.; Ageratum conyjoides L.; Mimosa pudica L. vi Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) Raven Can tiep tyc dieu fra thinh phan cd dai trong eic viing trong Thanh long tap trung d cic tinli, thinh khac trong ci nude de hoin thifn danh luc ed dai hai Thanh long d Vift Nam.
TAI L i f u THAM KHAO
1. Le Kim Bien, 2000: Thye vat chi Vift Nam. Quyen 7. Hg Ciic Asteraeeace Dumort. NXB.
Khoa hge vi Ky thuat. Hi Ngi. 724 tr.
2. Pham Hoang Hg, 1999: Cay cd Vift Nam. Quyin I-III. NXB. Tre Tp. Ho Chi Minh.
1. Nguyen Khic Khoi, 2000: Thye vat chi Vift Nam. Quyen 3. Hg Cdi Cyperaceae Juss.
NXB. Khoa hgc vi Ky thuat. Hi Ngi. 570 fr.
2. Do Tat Lgi, 2006: Nhimg cay thuic vi vj thuoc Vift Nam. NXB. Y hgc. Hi Ngi. 1274 U.
3. Suk Jin,Koo, Yong Woong Knon, Duong Van Chin, Hoang Anh Cung, 2000: Co dai pho bien t ^ Vift Nam. NXB. Ndng nghifp, Hi Ngi. 291 tr.
THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF WEEDS ASSOCIATED WITH DRAGON FRUIT IN BINH THUAN
NGUYEN VAN LIEM, NGUYEN KIM HOA TRAN THANH THAP, TRAN THI HUONG SUMMARY
Dragon fruit (Thanh long) is a high value cash fruit crop for domestic market and export of Viet Nam and is being cultivated in large areas in Binh Thuan province. The species composition of weeds associated with dragon fruit orchards in Ham Thuan Nam and Ham Thuan Bac districts and Phan Thiet city of this province was investigated and identified m 2008 and 2009 by Plant Protection Research Institute. Records show that there were 124 weed species belong to 32 families of 21 plant orders. Among these, 8 species are considered as major weed species which need to be controlled.
