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T H A N H P H A N H O A H Q C CUA T I N H DAU R I E N G M Q T LA {ELETTARIOPSIS UNIFOLIA (Gagnep.) M . F . N e w m a n )
T H U T A I H U Y E N BAG SON, T I N H L A N G S O N
NGUYEN THJ PHU'OfNG THAO, TRUONG ANH THU", BUI VAN THANH Vien Sinh thdi vd Tdi nguyen sinh vgt NGUYEN QUOC BINH Bdo tdng Thien nhien Viet Nam
NINH KHAC BAN Vien Khoa hpc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam Viet Nam nim d vimg nhiet ddi am, gid miia nen he thyc vat rit da dang vi phong phii, trong do nhdm ciy thuoc vi cay tinh dau ngay cing dugc khang djnh l i rit doi dao vi dgc dio. Trai qua nhilu nim dilu tra nghien ciiu, tinh den nay d nude ta da cd hon 3.800 loai cay thudc va hem 600 loai cay tinh dau. Hg Gimg (Zingiberaceae) tren the gidi cd hon 1.200 loai va 53 chi, cd ngudn goc d vimg nhift ddi Chau A, cdn d Vift Nam cd 131 loii thugc 18 chi. Hg Gimg la thinh phan quan trgng trong nhieu hf sinh thai rimg nhiet ddi va cung ddng mdt vai trd quan trgng trong nhdm cay tang dudi tan. Tir nhieu the ky nay, nhieu loai cay hg Gimg da va dang dugc khai thic, sir dyng de lam thyc pham (gia vj, rniit, keo...), dugc lieu, huong lifu, my phim, pham mau thyc pham v.v...
Trong hg Gimg, cac nha khoa hgc chii yeu tap tmng nghien ciiu cac chi Gimg {Zingiber), chi Nghe (Curcuma), chi Gieng (Alpinia), chi Sa nhan (Amomum). Cdn mgt so chi khac, frong do cd chi Tieu dau (Elettariopsis) it dugc quan tam nghien ciiu. Theo "Danh lyc cic loai thyc vat Vift Nam", chi Tieu diu cd 2 loii, trong dd thinh phan hoa hgc ciia tinh dau Rieng mgt la (Elettariopsis unifolia (Gagnep.) M. F. Newman) cho tdi nay chua thay cdng bd frong tai lifu nao. Trong dot dieu tra khao sat tai xa Tan Tri, huyfn Bic Son, tinh Lang Son, chiing tdi da gip ciy Rieng mgt l i mgc hoang dudi tan rimg Hoi. L i va than re deu cd miii thom. Vi vay, chiing tdi da thu miu v i xic djnh him lugmg tinh dau, cQng nhu thinh phan hoa hgc cua nd. Tren co sd niy, cd the tim dugc nhirng cdng dyng mdi cua ciy Rieng mgt li. Dudi day li kit qua nghien ciru budc diu cua chiing tdi.
I. PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtl
Ddi tugng nghien ciiu la cay Rieng mgt li, dugc thu vao thing 9 nim 2006 tai xa Tan Tri, huyfn Bic Son, tinh Lang Son.
Him lugng tinh dau dugc xac djnh bang phuong phip chung cit loi cuon theo hoi nude cd hoi luu.
Djnh tinh va djnh lugmg thanh phin tinh diu bing phuong phip sic ky khi - khdi phd lien hgp (GC/MS) tren may HP 6890 ghep ndi vdi detecto Agilent 5973N. Cgt phan tich HP5- MS, kich thudc 0,25pm x 30m x 0,32mm. Chuong trinh nhift dg 60°C (4''/phut) sau dd ting tdi
180°C (307phut), 240°C, 2 6 0 ^ . Khi mang He 99,99%. Detector khdi phd MS. Nhift df Detector va budng bom mau 250°C. Pha loang mau 3-5%o frong n-Hexan. Chia ddng 100:1.
Cic chit dugc nhan biet bing khoi phd (MS) so sanh vdi thu vifn pho: Database/Wiley 275.L va Database/Nist 98.1. Phan tich mau dugc thyc hifn tai Vifn Hda cac hgp chit tiiien nhien (Vifn Khoa hgc v i Cdng nghf Vift Nam).
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II. KET QUA NGHIEN CUU 1. Dac diem thyc vat
Cay tiiio, cao 30-35cm, than re manh, nam ngang, dugc bao phii bdi cic viy mau nau nhat, dai 1,8-2,5cm, hinh long thuyin, mdng, doan than re noi giira cic cay vdi nhau dii 8-10cm. Cay gin nhu khdng thin, thudng chi cd 1 la, it khi 2 la. La cd philn hinh xoan din xoan hep, gdc nhgn, dau nhgn cd miii nhgn ngin, dai rdng 13-15,5 x 4-7cm, 2 mat khdng ldng; cudng la manh, dai 7-9cm, khdng Idng; ludi Ii rat nhd, ngan; be l i tilp ndi phin cudng Ii, minh, khdng ldng, dgc 2 mep be la 2 dai hep, mdng, dang ming. Cum qui mgc tir gdc, qui hinh trimg rdng, dai rgng 1,6 x 1,4cm; hat hinh tam giac, 13-15 hat, dai rdng day 5-6 x 3-4 x 2-2,5mm.
So sinh vdi cic die diem ciia cic loai trong hg Gimg (Zingiberaceae) chiing toi xic djnh, day la loii Elettariopsis unifolia (Gagnep.) M.F. Newman (Syn.: Amomum unifolium Gagnep.).
2. Thanh phan hoa hgc
Tinh diu ciia cay Rieng mdt Ii Ii chit long, sinh, nhe hon nudg, cd mau ving sam, co mui tham giong nhu miii Rieng nep. Ham lugng tinh diu trong c i cay Rieng mdt li (la vi than rl) dat 0,13% ddi vdi trgng lugng mau tuai vi 0,58% so vdi trgng lugng miu khd tuyft doi.
Bing phuong phap sic ky khi khdi phd lien hgp (GC/MS) da tien hanh djnh tinh vi djnh lugng cic cau tir frong tinh dau Rieng mdt la. Ket qui phan tich dugc trinh bay tai bing 1.
Bdng I
Thanh phan hoa hgc cua tinh dau Ri STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Hgp chat a- Pinen
Camphen p- Pinen P-Cymen Limonen 1,8-Cineol Linalool oxid Cis- Linalool oxid Linalool
Fenchol Camphor
Exo-methyl-camphenilol Bicyclo[2.2.1] heptan-2-ol Pinocarvon
Borneol Terpinen-4-ol Crypton
a-Terpineol Myrtenol
eng mgt la thu tai Bac Som, Lang San Thoi gian lu'u (phiit)
5,35 5,72 6,46 7,87 7,99 8,08 9,41 9,93 10,33 10,74 11,75 11,89 12,19 12,39 12,50 12,90 13,21 13,38 13,56
Ham lugng (%) 0,65 2,17 3,70 0,27 0,58 1,04 2,33 1,56 9,85 0,28 4,08 0,23 0,95 0,20 1,86 0,18 1,27 1,04 0,69
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20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 TS
Fenchyl acetat Neral
Geranlol Cifral Bomyl acetat a-Terpinen Geranyl acetat
Tricyclo [2.2.1.0(2,6)] heptan Trans-Cinnamyl acetat Alloa'romadendren
if
P- Panasinsen Caryophyllen
Tricydo [4.1.0.0(3,5)] heptan Germacren
Caryophyllen oxid a-Gurjunen Leden
14,35 15,09 15,36 16,11 16,58 18,69 19,87 20,95 21,84 22,22 22,67 22,97 23,25 23,92 26,04 27,60 28,37
3.86 2,78 29,68
4,38 3,09 0,48 7,94 0,78 0,36 0,13 1,37 0,38 1,33 0,16 1,72 0,27 0,92 92,56 Kit qui phin tich cho thiy, thinh phan hoi hgc ciia tinh dau Rieng mgt la rit phiic tap, sic ky do cua tinh diu Rieng mgt Ii gom 60 pic, frong dd di nhan bilt dugc 36 hgp chit dat 92,56%. Cic sd lifu d bing 1 cho thay, thanh phan hoa hgc cua tinh diu Rieng mdt la d Bic Scm (Lang Som) chii ylu la cic monoterpen vdi cac chat chinh Ii: geraniol (29,68%)), Unalool (9,85%)) va geranyl acetat (7,94%)). Ngoai ra, cdn cd cic hgp chat khac nhu: cifral (4,38%), camphor (4,08%), fenchyl acetat (3,86%), p-pinen (3,70%), bomyl acetat (3,09%), neral (2,78%), linalool oxid (2,33%), camphen (2,17%), v.v...
III. K E T LUAN
Lan diu tien d Vift Nam tinh dau cua cay Rieng mdt li d Bi.c Son (Lang Son) da dugc nghien ciiu, budc dau chiing tdi cd mgt sd ket luan sau:
1. Bing phuomg phap chung cit Idi cudn theo hoi nude da xic djnh ham lugng tinh dau trong cay Rilng mdt li (la vi than re) d Bic Son (Lang Son) la 0,13% ddi vdi frgng lugng mau tiicri vi 0,58% so vdi frgng lugng miu khd tuyft doi.
2. Bing phuong phap sic ky khi khoi phd lien hgp (GC/MS) da djnh tinh va djnh lugng dugc 36/60 hgp chit cua tinh diu Rieng mgt la d Bic Son (Lang Son), dat 92,56%o.
3. Thinh phan hoi hgc ciia tinh dau cay Rilng mgt l i d Bic Son (Lang Son) chu ylu la cac monoterpen vdi cic chit chinh li: geraniol (29,68%), linalool (9,85%) va geranyl acetat (7,94%).
4. De chumg minh cac cdng dyng ciia Rilng mdt Ii ddi hdi phai tilp tyc nghien ciru them ve hoat tinh khing khuan, thir dugc ly, v.v... ciia tinh diu.
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TAI L I | U THAM KHAO
1. Nguyen Tien Ban (Chii bien), 2005: Danh luc cac loai thyc vat Viet Nam, tip III: 487- 508. NXB. Ndng nghif p, Ha Ndi.
2. Dugc difn Vift Nam, 2002: Djnh lugng tinh dau trong dugc lifu, 3: 141. NXB. Y hgc. Ha Ngi.
3. Gagnepain, 1908: Zingiberaceae. Flore Generale de L'Indochine, Tom. VI(1): 109-110.
4. Newman M.F., 1997: Edinburgh Joumal of Botany, 54(1): 110-1 n .
T H E C H E M I C A L C O M P O S I T I O N O F E S S E N T I A L O I L OF ELETTARIOPSIS UNIFOLIA ((Gagnep.) M . F . Newman)
F R O M BAC SON D I S T R I C T , LANG SON P R O V I N C E
NGUYEN THI PHUONG THAO, TRUONG ANH THU, BUI VAN THANH NGUYEN QUOC BINH, NINH KHAC BAN SUMMARY
For the fust time in Vietnam, the essential oil of Elettariopsis unifolia (Gagnep.) M.F.
Newman from Bac Son district, Lang Son province was smdied. The whole plant oil of Elettariopsis unifolia was isolated by steam distillation with 0.13 % yield in fresh material and 0.58% yield in dry material. This essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. Thirty six among sixty components have been identified accounting for 92.56% of the oil. The major constituents of this oil are geraniol (29.68%)), linalool (9.85%) and geranyl acetate (7.94%). Predominant minor compounds included citral (4.38%), camphor (4.08%), fenchyl acetate (3.86%), P-Pinene (3.70%), bomyl acetate (3.09%)), neral (2.78%), Unalool oxide (2.33%), and camphene (2.17%).
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