QUYEN YEU CAU GIAN DINH Tl/ PHAP CUA CA NHAN TRONG LUAT GIAM DINH Tl/ PHAP
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ISm djnh tfl phSp IS vific ngdi gISm djnh ttt phSp sfl dgng kien thfle, phuflng tifin, phflflng phap khoa hpe, 1^ thuit, nghiip vg de kfit Idn v l chgyfln mdn nhflng vin dl eo lifin qgan den boat dflng dilg tra, truy tfi, xit xfl va thi hSnh Sn hlnh sfl, giSi quyfit vg, vific ddn sfl, vg Sn bSnh ehinh theo trflng elg cia efl qgan tifin hanh tfi tgng, ngdi tiln hSnh tfi tgng hoSe theo yeu clu eua ngdi ydu clu giam fljnh. GiSm djnh ttt phdp phat sinh khi trong quS trinh giSi quyit vg Sn hlnh sg, hSnh chinh hay giii quyfit vg, vide ddn sfl cin phii tiin hSnh giam djnh mfft dd'i tflflng cg thi nao dd d l xac djnh nggydn nhSn eua sfl viec mtte dp thiit hpi, xSe djnh viie thdt hay giS, dflng hay sai...Lufit giSm djnh tu phSp dS dUfle Qde hfii (khfla Xlll) thdng qua tai ky hpp thfl 3, ngSy 20- 6-2012. Lufit Giam djnh ttt phap thay thfi PhSp iinh GiSm djnh TU phSp sff 24/2004/PL- UBTVQH11. Sd vdi PhSp Ifinh GiSm djnh TU phSp efl rit nhilu dilm quy djnh mfli, trong fld cd chi djnh quy djnh v l viie ea nbSn cd quyln yiu clu giSm djnh tfl phap. BSi vifit nSy xin thdng tin vS phSn tieh sSu them v l quyln ylu clu giSm djnh tfl phSp cua eS nhSn.
Theo qgy djnh eia Lgjt Giam djnh tu phSp, khi cd nhu clu ein giam djnh thi ngdi trflng clu giam djnh vS ngdi ySu clu giSm djnh cd quyln yiu clu td ehfle giam djnh tfl phSp tiin hanh giam dinh. Ngdi trflng eiu giSm djnh bao gdm efl quan tifin hSnh tfi tgng (CO qgan dilg tra, vidn kifim sat, tda Sn) va ngdi ttfin hSnh td tgng (thi trdng, phd thu trdng cfl quan dieu tra, dilu tra vidn; vifin trdng, phd vipn trudng vi|n kilm sat, kiem sSt viSn; ehSnh Sn, phd chanh an tda an, thlm phSn, hdi thlm, thtt k;> tda Sn).
Ngdi yiu eau giSm djnh bad gdm duflng sfl trong vg viie dSn sfl, vg an hSnh ehinh, nguySn ddn dSn sfl, bj ddn ddn sfl, ngdi ed quyln ifli, nghTa vg ilin quan trong vu Sn hlnh sfl hoSe ngdi dpi diin hflp phSp eua hp (trfl trdng hflp viic ydu clu giSm dinh iidn quan din vific xac fljnh trSeh nhiim hinh sfl cua bj can, bj eao).
Ngdi yeu eau giSm djnh dUfle thflc hifin quyln ydu clu giSm djnh eia minh fl hai d p fld khae nhau; fld IS: Ydu clu efl quan flang thg \j glii quyfit vg Sn ra quyfit djnh trflng clu giSm djnh nfiu efl quan nSy ehua trflng eiu giam djnh; nfiu efl quan flang thg iy giSi qgyfit tfl
LIAJ QUANG HUY ehffi khflng ra quyfit djnh trflng clu sau khi dS dufle d l nghj thi ngdi ydu eiu giSm dinh eo quyln tfl minh trflc ttfip yeu cSu giSm djnh theo quy djnh tpi khdn 1, Dieu 22 Luit GiSm djnh tfl phSp: "Ngdi y6u cau giSm djnh d quyln gfli van bSn ySu eiu efl quan ttfin hSnh td tgng, ngdi tifin hanh tfi tgng trflng elg giam djnh. Traflng hflp efl quan tifin hanh tfi tgng, ngdi tie'n hSnh td tgng khdng chip nhSn yfig elg thi trong thfli gian 7 ngSy phSi thdng bao cho ngflfli ydu <clu giam djnh blng van bSn. Hfit thdi han ndi trdn hoic k l tfl ngSy nhan dupc thffng bSo ttt chffi trttng eiu giSm djnh, ngdi ySu clu giSm djnh efl quyln tfl minh ydu eau giSm d|nh"; khdn 4 Dilu 22 quy dinh: "Ngdi yeu clu giam djnh chl dflfle thflc hiSn quyln tfl yeu clu giam djnh trade khi tda Sn ra quyfit djnh dua vg Sn ra xdt xfl sfl thlm". Nhfl vfiy, eS nhdn thttc hidn quyln ydu clu giSm djnh cua minh ed thi IS giSn tiep thffng qua ed quan dang thg ly gili quyfit vg an hoSe trge tifip tfl minh yiu eSu giSm djnh khi ydu clu eua minh bj efl quan tifin hanh tff tgng, ngdi tifin hSnh td tgng tfl chdi blng vSn bin, ddng thfli yeu clu gISm djnh cia cS nhSn di
58 TAP CHI MAT TRAN-SO 145(11-2015)
phli duoc thfle hlfin trdc khi ed quyit djnh dua vg an ra xet xfl sfl tham cfla tda Sn.
Ngdi ydg elg giam djnh ed quyln: "ydu clu cS nhSn, td chflc thge hidn giSm djnh tfl phSp trS kfit lufin giSm djnh dflng thfli ban da thda thdn va theo ndi dung dS ydu clu; ydu eiu eS nhSn, td chfle fla thflc hiin giSm djnh tfl phSp giSi thich kfit lufin giSm djnh; d l nghj tda Sn triiu tSp ngdi giSm djnh ttt phap da thge hifin giSm djnh tham gia phidn tda dfi giii thieh, trinh bSy v l kit luin giSm djnh; ylu clu efl quan tifin hSnh tfi tgng, ngflfli tifin hSnhtff tung trttng clu giSm fljnh lai, giSm djnh bfi sung". Odng thfli, ngdi yfiu clu giSm djnh cd nghTa vg: "Cung elp thdng tin, tSi Iiiu cd liln qgan din ddi tuflng giSm djnh theo ySu clu cua ngdi giSm djnh tu phSp vS chju trSch nhiim v l tinh ehinh xSe eia thing ttn, tSi iiiu flo minh cung elp; nffp tam flng chl phi giSm djnh tfl phSp khi yiu clu giSm fljnh; thanh toSn kjp thdi, dly ai chi phi giSm djnh cho cS nbSn, td ehfle thfle hiin giSm fljnh khi nhin kit luin giSm djnh" (theo khoin 2, khoin 3 Biiu 22 Luft Giim dinh tdphip).
Khi tfl minh thfle hifin quyln yiu clu gISm djnh, ngdi ydu clu giSm djnh phSi biit dupe chinh xdc minh cin dfin ndi nSo d l yiu eiu giSm djnh. Theo quy djnh eua Ldt GiSm djnh tfl phdp, hi thffng td ehfle giSm djnh tfl phSp gdm cd: Tfi chflc
giSm djnh tfl phSp edng lap, td ehfle giSm djnh tfl phap ngoai dng ISp vd td ehfle giSm djnh tfl phSp theo vg, viec Td ehfle giSm djnh tfl phSp edng lap dflfle efl quan nhS nde efl tham quyln thanh ISp trong ITnh vflc phSp y, phap y tam than vS ky thdt hlnh stt. Trong ITnh vttc phap y td ehfle giSm fljnh ttt phSp gdm ed: Vifin Phap y qde gia (Bff Y tfi); trung tam phdp y elp tlnh; Vipn PhSp y quSn ddi (Bfi Qde phflng) va Trung tSm GiSm djnh phap y (Vien Khoa hpe hlnh stt, Bff Cdng an).
Trong Iinh vfle phSp y tSm thin td ehfle giSm djnh tfl phSp gdm ed: Vidn Giam djnh phSp y tam thin Trung flflng vS trung tSm phSp y tSm thin khg vflc (thdc Bfl Y tfi). Trang Tnh vfle ky thuSt hinh sfl td ehfle giSm fljnh tfl phSp gdm eo: Viin Khoa hpe hinh sg (Bd Cffng an); phdng ky thuit hinh sfl (edng an cap tinh) va phflng giam djnh ky thuSt hlnh sg (Bp Quffe phflng).
Khi thfle hiin quyln ydu clu giSm djnh, ngdi ydu cau giSm djnh phSi ed du thu tge gily tfl gdm: bin sao gily tfl chflng minh minh IS duflng sg trong vg, viie dSn sfl, vg Sn hSnh ehinh, nguydn dfln dSn sfl, bj dfln dSn sfl, ngdi ed quyln Ifli, nghTa vu lldn quan trong vg Sn hinh sfl hoic ngdi dai didn hflp phSp cia hp; thdng bSo tfl chdi trflng clu giSm djnh eua efl quan tiin hSnh tff tgng, ngdi tifin hSnh tff tgng; bSn ydu clu giam djnh;
ddi tUflng cin giSm djnh vS cSc thdng tin tSi lidu khac phge vg eho vific giSm dinh.
Theo qgy djnh cua Luit Giim fljnh tfl phSp va PhSp lenh sd 02/2012/UBTVQH13 v l Chi phi giam djnh, djnh gia, chi phi eho ngdi ISm chflng, ngdi phidn djch trong tff tgng, thi ngdi yOu clu cfl quan tifin hSnh tff tgng trung clu giam djnh hoSe tfl minh trflc tifip yeu clu giSm djnh phSI cd trach nhipm nffp tiln tpm ttng ehi phi giSm djnh ttt phSp. Ngdi ttt minh trgc tifip ydu clu giam djnh cd nghTa vg phai thanh toSn toan bd ehi phi giSm fljnh cho eS nhSn, td ehfle thfle hlfin gISm fljnh khi nhin kfit Igan giam fljnh. Dffi vfli nhttng ngdi thde didn ngheo theo quy djnh eua Chinh phi, ngflfli ed khfl khSn v l kinh tfi dfldc iy ban nbSn dSn xa, phdng, thj tran nfli efl tri hoic ca quan, td chflc nfli ngdi dd ISm vipe xac nhSn thi dttflc mien hoSe giSm ndp chi phi giSm dinh tfl phap.
Hien nay, nhu clu giSm fljnh eua eS nhSn, td ehttc trong xa hfli ngSy eang tSng cao, nhlt IS nhttng yeu clu giSm djnh trong mpt sff Tnh vfle dl phSt sinh tranh chip dan sfl, nhfl: GiSm djnh gen dfi xSc fljnh huyfit thffng, giSm djnh chfl vifit, chtt ky de xSc fljnh that hay gIS mao, gISm djnh sfi khung, sff mSy cua eae phuong tifin giao thong flI xac djnh sff nguydn thiy hay da bj due sfla... Tuy nhien, nhttng yeu clu giSm djnh cua td ehttc, eS nhSn gil dfin khong theo trinh tfl tff tgng qgy djnh thi nhttng yfig elg giSm djnh dd dupe eae td ehttc giSm
TAP CHI MATTRAN- SO 145 (11-2015) 59
djnh tu phSp thflc hifin theo hinh thfle djch vg gJSm djnh ngoSJ td tgng. Khi thfle hifin giSm djnh theo hinh thfle djch vg giSm djnh ngdi td tgng thi kfit igan giSm djnh khflng dflfle sfl dgng ISm chflng cfl trafle tfla vS ehl ed giS trj tham khSo.
Trin thfle tfi, vin efl rat nhilg td chflc, cS nhSn ydu clu gISm djnh theo hlnh thflc ngoSi td tgng d l tham khao trde khi ed quyfit djnh khdi kifin ra tda.
Nhu vSy, quyln ydu clu giSm djnh tfl phSp trong LuSt GiSm djnh tu phap da dUfle md rpng hfln so vfli PhSp linh GISm djnh tfl phdp nam 2004, Bfi Luit Tfi tgng Hlnh sfl nSm 2003, BO LuSt Tff tgng DSn sfl nam 2004 (stta ddi, bd sung
nSm 2011), Ldt Td tgng HSnh ehinh nSm 2010. Theo qgy djnh eia PhSp linh GiSm dinh tu phSp va phap luit td tgng ed lien quan thi ehl ed efl quan tifin hSnh td tgng mdi dUflc trang clu giam djnh ttt phdp, eS nhfin chl efl quyen d l nghj efl quan tifin hSnh td tgng trttng elg giam fljnh chtt khdng dUfle trflc tifip yeu clu giSm djnh tfl phSp.
DSy IS bdc tifin mfli trong hoat ddng giam djnh tfl phdp theo tinh than eii eSch tfl phap, tang cdng ddn chi hda hoat dffng td tgng, gop phln mfl rflng qgyin tfl flo ddn chu eia eong dSn, hoSn thidn eae thi tge td tung, bSo dim tinh ddng bff, dSn ehu, edng khai, minh bpch, tdn trpng vS bSo v | quyln eon ngdi.
Quyln eia eS nbSn dU3c ydu clu giSm djnh tfl phSp IS mfit ehl djnh hoSn toSn mfli trong Ldt GiSm djnh tfl phSp. VISc ttm hllu va nim vttng eSe quy djnh eia Ldt Giam djnh tfl phSp noi ehung, quy djnh vl trinh t), thi tge, qgyin ban, trdeh nhidm cia ngflfli yiu clu giam djnh nfli ridng se gdp phln ISm cho cdng tSc tuyen truyin, phd biin, giSo dgc phSp igSt duoe tfft hfln; ddng thdi da thfle sfl tao dieu kiin thudn lpi eho eS nhSn thfle hiin quyln va Ifli Ieh hflp phSp eia minh, gdp phln vao vifle giii quyfit eSc vg Sn, vg viie dUfle nhanh ehdng, ehinh xae, dung qgy djnh cia phSp luit, phu hflp vfli tiin trinh cii cSeh tfl phSp trong giai doan hifin nay.a
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xay dgng ddi sdng vin hda d khu tlin cu" "Khu pho vin hda, ling vin lida", " Q u dinh vin hda", "Ngiy vi ngudl nghio", "Ngudl Viit Nam uu tien dung hing Vi^t Nam", "Tiidi h i thinh phd Cim P h a h g c t | p v i i i m t b e o l d i B i c " , "Phg niitich ctn: hgc tip, lao dgng sing tao, xiy dgng gta dinh hanh phuc"."Lao dgng gidi. landing singtao'',"NdngdinthidUasanxuatkinhdoanbgi6t,doanketgidpnhaugiimnghiovalam giau ben vihig" .CicphongtiiothiduandidOongcic CO quan. don V), trong mgi ting Itip nhin din da tgo dgngltic, khich le tinh titan tlu dua phan diu boin thinh xuit sic mgt niugrnvg dugc giao.
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60 TAP CHI MAI TRi!,N-so 145(11-2015
