QUAN HE G I C A NANG LUC HOACH D D m , BAN HANH CHINH SACH CONG, PHAP LUAT VA VAN DE PHAT TRIEN KINH TE 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
THAN V A N DUY''' NGUYfiN VAN CHIEN"
''-"""'^'Mnghiencduvaitrbei^kkoakgccklnhsdchcong.pkdpluitvdivtndlpkdttriin '^'^''''•^'•O^'^'-gMiaidoankiinnuy.TittkUc.rgngbankdnHmitdchinhsdchcbngvipkdp '•^•'•^^''^1uadViitNam,quankitngvienddncutki;baiviiiddchi,ankitngmdtkanckl '^'^>^'>^'<^''^^''Mnhs6ehddbanhinhtrinmolsiraUivt^cutkl,t,incdsid6^tde'giabdi
^'^^'''na'dkilnngkicklnksdeKpkaptudtdAv^Nkinudenkimndngcaokiiuquikoaek dtnh chtah sdch pkdp lujt iViit Nam
khda: Khoa hoe chink sack cdng; hogeh dinh chink sack; ckH lUdng chink sdck; ban kinh- phan biin; du ludn; pkdp luat; giii pkdp.
Ahstracu This articU study the role of Public poliey science and law with sutstainahle economic development nowadays. From tke issue of some public policies and laws in Vietitam in tke recent time tke author pointed out limiuuions and implausibilities if some policies in ceriain fields. Tke autkor Iherefiire provided some suggestions for laws and policies in order to improve the efficUncy of Vietnamese legal system.
Keywords, Public policy science; PoUcy making; Quality cf policy; Issue; SevUw; Public response-
Law; Solution. ' Ngdy nh4n bdi: 12/7/2013; Ngiy duyel ddng bdi: 15/ 7/2014.
^ f " T ^ t ^ ^ °8"*P- L"*' Chflng khofa, Luftt^
Vfa dl nghien cfa chfah sich cdng, Cic ttf chflc tfa dyng, Luit Trong tii phap luit bong mfii qum hf vdi phit thuong mfi... cac nim gfa dfty xufft hjfa tnen kinhttf o Vift Nam hifn nay lft mdt ngfty mdt nhilu cftc chtah sftch, vfa bfa ' f h . ^ ^ 7 " * ' " ' ' " ^ ' " ' ' " " ^ ' ^ ^ ' " ^ •"•»" ' " ^ P • " * ' ^ «"« ndi fau "trto sy bit dto duoc nghifa cfa sto vi rdng d trdi" di gfty homg mmg cho doafa nghifp Vlft Nam trong faitag nim gfa day. Nin
ktah ttf Viet Nam dmg phit triln vi da
trd thifa nin ktah ttf cd thu faip trung " ^'?' T» 'I*' koc vi Bid, Khoa thu Vi|i Nam - Vito h,-nh V~,a; _I,.-^ v . I - . ' H»»l««KhoahocxihaVi#tNam.
bmh. Ngoii fatog chifa sach, p h i p luftt Email: dujluall982%ai„„.„,a.™
tfft fau Khofa 10, Luft Diu tu, Luit ^ D E S ' " ' ' ' * * ' * * " * " ^ " ^ ° ' ^ ' * •»»«'' sAl-2t14
HHiNUC KHOA HOC XiHOl Q
QUAN HE GlCA N A N G L U C HOACH DJNH..
vft ngfldi d f a d i e bift l i faitag ddi tUflng tryc t i ^ bj t i c ddng c i a fatog quy djfa dd. Bii vitft dtf c i p mdt sff giii phap nhfim nfag cao n i n g lflc hoach d i f a chinh sich cdng v i p h i p luft 5 Vift Nam faim t h i c dtfy v i p h i t t r i l n kinh ttf ben vQng.
1. Khoa h p c c h i n h s i c h c d n g , p h a p l u f t v i v a n d l p h a t t r i e n k i n h t e b e n vflng
Khoa hpe chinh sich cdng, p h i p luftt dft dupc nghien c f a trong n h i l u nftm qua vft dft h i f a thftfa mdn hpc L u i t v i chifa sich cdng t i faflng nftm 1970 trd lfi diy, khi dd, khoa hpc chifa trj chuyin tfl nghifn cfa tritft hpc chifa trj s m g nghien c f a t h i chtf, chifa sftch v i p h i p l u i t c i a qudb gia sd tai. Khoa hpc chinh sach cdng v i p h i p luft nghidn c f a mffi quan hd giQa chfag vdi faau. Vifc nghifin c f a se g i i p chfag ta cd t h i tim bilu tofa bd cftc hoft dfng c i a Nhft nudc cd i f a hfldng trflc titfp hofc gifa titfp tdi cufc stfng c i a mpi cdng d t o , cftc quytft djfa qufa IJ n h i nudc m i Chfah p h i (theo nghla rdng bao gom tofa bf hf thtfng cfl q u t a cdng quyin) lftm hofc khdng lim d l bao vf cic quyin con ngudi cda cdng d t a . Nghifin c f a mffi q u t a hf gifla chifa sich cdng v i p h i p luftt sd giflp htah t h i f a t i p hpp eic bifn p h i p dupc t h i chtf hda m i mft c h i t h i quyen luc hofc chu t h i q u m IJ dfla ra, tao sy flu dfti mft hofc mft sff fadm xa hpi. kich thich vfto dfng Cfl c i a hp. djfa hufag hoat ddng c i a hp n h i m myc tifiu uu tifin nfto dd trong chifii lupc phftt t r i l n c i a mdt hf thffng xa hfi. Khoa hpc chifa sftch cdng vft phftp luftt nghien c f a v l cic quylt djfa
• HHiN DC KHOA HOC XiHOl
qufa IJ faft ntfdc mang tinh chifa sftch vi phap luftt c h i t ehe trong khufin khtf cua fai ntfdc phap quyen xa hdi c h i nghia.
Thdi gian qua, Vilt Nam dft dupc n h i l u thftnh t y u l f a trong xay dUng vft p h i t t r i l n kfah ttf xufft p h i t t i mdt nudc cd n i n ndng nghifp lfc h i u , q u i trifa "dfi mdi" dupc khdi xfldng tfl n i m 1986 da t f a g bfldc dUa Viet Nam trd t h i f a nudc cd m i c t h u faip t r u n g binh vdi m i c tftng t m d n g GDP ludn d m i c cao, hidn GDP btah q u t o d i u ngudi 6 -Vift Nam khoang 1.540 USD (nim 2012), bfin c f f a dd, Vift Nam c f a g dft dupe nilitfu t h i f a tUu vl xda ddi giam nghdo. Vi vfy, khoa hoc chifa sach cdng dUflc dftt trong mffi quan hf gifla ehifa sftch cdng v i phap luit cdn mdi me faUng da ddng gdp bfag nhilu chifa sich, vfa b i n quy pham phap luft tfft faim ddng gdp v i o sy phftt triln kinh ttf, xft hdi c i a Vidt Nam.
Sfl phftt t r i l n k i f a ttf xa hfi da din tdi sfl xufft hifn them nhie'u m i u thufa, phic tap khfi lufag v i n i y stah nhitfu khd khSn trong q u i n IJ, dinh hfltog dilu h i f a cua N h i nudc, t h i hifn qua faflng gia tfag ftp l i e cho Tda i n trong thdi g i m gfa diy.
Theo Ngfa h i n g thtf gidi (2010). thdi gian qua, stf vu t r a f a chffp dan su cfa giii quytft gia tftng tuytfn t i f a m p f a theo sU t f a g tmdng GDP (xem H t a h 1). Dilu dd t h i hifn rfag: cic vffn d l chifa sich, phip l u i t se nay sfah n g i y mdt n h i l u v4 d mic df phflc tap hfln, d i n g nghia vdi vai trd c i a khoa hpc chfah sach v i phftp luftt cfag trd ndn q u m trpng dffi vdi sy phftt t r i l n kfah ttf dftt nfldc.
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TRAN VAN DUY, NGUYtN VAN CHIEN H i n h 1. K i n h t ^ p h i t t r i l n , a p ltfc c u a T o a a n n h a n d i n t a i Vifit N a m gia t a n g
ISO
So vp dan SIT phai giai quylt (2000=100) GDP lliMC (2000=100)
Dan96(200(>°100)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Ngudn: Ngdn hang thigidi (2010) Tuy viy, n l u vifc b m h i f a mdt chifa
sich, p h i p luft ttft se cd t h i m m g lai hifu q u i kinh ttf cao, ngoii vifc giai quytft dupc
^ c ^ u t h u t o c f a giai quytft theo dinh
^ ^ ^ ^ § ^ m d t c h i f a sich ttft cdn mang lpi hieu fag l m tda tich cue r a tofa n i n lfinh ttf. Do viy, cd mdt mc3 q u m hfi dSng bitfn gifla chfft luflng c i a c h i f a sich, p h i p luftt dfii vdi sy phftt t r i l n kfah t l e i a moi qutfc gia. Dilu dd cd t h i giii thich bfag md h i f a khoa hpc k i f a ttf sau:
H i n h 2. T i n h l a n t o a t i c h ci^c c u a c h i n h s a c h c o n g v i phftp l u f t c i a
q u o c g i a s d t a i
Q Q* Q Vi dy: vdi c h i f a sich, p h i p l u i t p h i t t r i l n cdng nghifp c i a Vift Nam, trong dilu kifn btoh thufag, s t o Iflflng t o t o thj trufag dtfpc s m xufft tfi Q (nfli n t o g sufft bidn tu n h m MPB v i chi phi bidn x i hdi sOl-2114
MSC g i p faau). Tuy nhifin, ntfu Chifa p h i ban h i n h c h i f a sich phu hpp v i mang t i f a tich eye - khi dfi cic doanh nghifp (trong v i ngoii nudc) se gia t f a g s m xufft v i md rpng d l u t u , giy hifu fag ttft cho ne'n k i f a ttf, khi dd s t o lupng se hufag vtf Q*<" thi n i n kfah ttf mdi cd dupe hifu q u i tfft fafft (xdt vtf xu hudng lfiu dfti, thi t m d n g s t o xufft sS v l Q*).
2. Thvfc t r f n g b a n h i n h m o t sof c h i n h s i c h c d n g v a p h i p lufit t h d i g i a n q u a d Vifit N a m
Nghifin cflu chifa sach cdng v i phftp luft d Vift Nam hifn d m g dflpc thye hifn tfi n h i l u vifin nghifin cfa, nhilu tmdng Dai hpc bdi eic chuydn gia, cfag vdi sfl tham gia c i a eic cfl q u m b i o chi, t m y i n thdng v i ngudi d t o . Do vfy, chfah sich cdng v i p h i p l u i t d m g dupc sy quan t i m tfl nhifi'u pta'a, dfc bift la cic dffi tUflng thy hudng M ich tryc t i l p . Tuy nhifin, dft xufft hifin nhitfu chifa sach efing v i p h i p luft d t a g gay du l u f a khfing tfit trong thdi g i m qua, the hien n f a g luc ban h i f a v i p h f a bifn c h i f a sieh, p h i p l u i t cdn chUa theo kjp so vdi sy p h i t t r i l n c i a ktah ttf.
'" Tji Q ' d ning s u i t biin x i h?i (MSB) v i chi nhi blin x i h6i (MSC) blhig nhau.
HNiN UIC KHOA HOC XiHOl Q
QUAN H | G I C A N A N G L U C HOACH DINH...
xa hdi. Sau day la mdt v i i vi du:
Chinh sdch cdng, p/idp lugt vi tgchic IS tang cdn bd, cdng chic vd vien chic:
Thing 1/2013, Bd V t o hda - T h i thao - Du Uch da ban h i f a Nghj djfa 105/2013/
ND-CP quy djfa ve to e h i c le tang cfa bp, cdng chic, vien ehic. Theo dd, Ditfu 4 quy dlnh: I f a h cflu ngfldi t i t r m q u f a tai n h i tang ifi hoae tfi gia <tinh khfing d l fi c i a cd l i p k i f a trfin n i p quan tii". Tuy nhien, quy djfa n i y da gftp fafag t r a f a cai khfing ding t i f a tfl ngtfdi dfa. m i theo giai thich tfl cfl quan ban hftfa Nghj djnh dya trdn 3 IJ do: (i) lap kinh trin ndp quan tdi khdng phdi Id truyin thdng; (ii) viic nhin vdo t/ii t/ie cd thddd de mdy ngdy se Idm dnh hudng mdi trubng, sic khde ngubi dfl tang li; (iii) viic ldp kinh ndy niu khdng
k/ieo ed t/iegdy dg vd rai xuong ngubi dd mdt^. Lifu rfag, cic d f a h sach, p h i p luft c i a N h i nudc cd c f a can thifp q u i s i u vfto ddi sdng tfa ngUfag c i a ngudi d f a vi/hoftc chua cd b f a g c h f a g khoa hpe the hifn vl i f a hudng tdi mdi t m f a g do d l n i p kinh quan t i i , c f a g fau vific lo Ifag vtf vifc khi l i p n i p kinh cd t h i bi vfi gay i f a hudng tdi ngudi da mat - cd nhfft thiet l i v m d l d n quan tam c i a cic n h a hopch difa chinh sich hidn nay hay khdng?!
Chinh sdch cdng vd p/tdp lugt vi ddm bdo an todn thitc phdm:
Thing 7/2012, Bd Ndng nghifip v i Phat t r i l n nfing thfin ban h i n h Thfing tu 33 faim quy djfa v l d i m b i o an torn thiic phtfm ddi vdi cfl sd s i n xufft, k i f a doanh thjt v i phy phtfm.
HOP 1. Dieu k h o i n q u y dinh t a i Thong ttf 33
D i l u 6, k h o i n 2: Thjt v i phu phtfm b i o qufa d nhift dd thudng chi dUflc biy bin trong vdng tam gid k l tfl khi gitft mff.
^ D i l u 6, k h o i n 3: Thjt v4 phy phtfm k l t i khi gitft mtf dupe b i o q u f a d faifit dp 0 - 6°C ehi dupc b4y b f a trong vdng 72 gid k l t i khi gitft mtf. Ddi vdi phy phtfm Ii da diy, m f t non v4 m f t gii b i o q u t o d nhift dfi 0 - 5»C chi dupe b i y ban trong vdng 24 gid kl t i khi giet mtf
Ngoii J nghia chifa sich, p h i p luft c i a Thdng tu 33 edn n h i m dam b i o cho ngudi d t o dupc s i dyng s m phtfm thit dfng vft dim bao m t o t o v i d i m bio s i c khde. Tuy nhifin, chifa sich, p h i p luft da khdng cho thffy dupc mft cp chtf thyc thi hifu qua. Bdi Id, Thdng tfl chua chi ra ca chtf thuc thi chifa sich, p h i p luft fatf thtf n i o cho p h i hpp, chua chi ra cich xic djfa dupc thjt ddng v i t n i o b i o q u m d nhiet df thufag cdn thdi hpn 8 titfng, cich xic djfa thit ddng v i t cd b i o q u t o nhift dd thffp trong thdi hfn 72 tieng?!
Chinh sdch cdng va phdp ludt vi xi Q HNiN U ^ KHOA HOC XiHOl
phgt vi phgm hdnh chinh trong ltnh vdc giao thing dubng bd:
N g i y 19/9/2012, Chfah p h i ra Nghi djnh 71/2012/ND - CP faim "Sia dgi mgt sgdiiu cua Nghi dinh 34/2010/NB - CP vi Quy dinh eda xi phgt vi phgm hinh chinh trong ltnh vUcgiao thing dubng bf.
Nfi dung chinh cua Nghj djfa 71 l i gia t f a g eic h i f a phft dffl vdi cftc Hi v l vi pham giao thdng, trong dd phat nfag dffi vdi eic phtfong tifin md td, xe g f a miy v4 Tnnh Nguyin (2013), KhOig dimg cda kinh quan O,
™"I»»eii Onlina. Tniy cip httpa)W«w.aianhiiien.<»nLm/
iaBerf20130106«iong.dllng<ua-ldnh-qiian-taiaapx lOf-znt
T R A N V A N D U Y , NGUYEN VAN C H I I S N d td khdng chuyin quylh sd h f a theo quy giao thdng, faung - vdi c i c h l i m "thie'u sU ( ^ (xem Hop 2)"). Tuy nhifin, t i J tudng d t o t r a y i n chfah sich" hieu q u i , da l i m chuta sich, p h i p luft mufih "kilm softt" cho c h i f a sach vtf x i phat dfii vdi phUflng phuang tifn t h a m gia giao thdng nhftm tifn khdng chuyin quyIn sd hflu theo quy phuc vy cho hopt ddng k i l m tra, x i phat d i f a (cdn gpi l i xe chfah chu), d i l i m cho va taiy tun tfii pham g m vdi hoat dfing " f a i n h i , ngudi ngudi syc sdi vi xe"<«.
H O P 2. M U C xi! P H A T TAI D I E U 33 G I U A N G H I D I N H 34 VA N G H I DJNH 71 Nghi djnh 34/2010/ND - CP n g i y 02
t h f a g 4 n i m 2010
Bieu 33. Xiphgt chi phuang tiin vi pham quy dinh liin quan ddn giao t/idng dubng bd
1. Phat tiln t i 100.000 dong din 200.000 dong til vdi c h i xe md td, xe gfa may v i cftc lofi xe tUflng t u mfi tfi jhfm mfit trong cac h i f a vi sau
Nghj djnh 71/2012/ND - CP ng4y 19 t h f a g 9 n i m 2 0 1 2
Sia ddi, bd sung Biiu 33 cua Nghi dinh 34 nhusau:
a. Khfing chuyin quyin sd h f a phUflng tifn theo quy djfa.
4. Phft tiln tfl 1.000.000 dong din 2.000.000 ding dfii vdi chu xe d td, m i y kdo, xe m i y chuyfin d f a g v i cic lofi xe tUflng t u fi tfi vi phfm mft trong cic h i f a vi sau d i y : d. Khfing chuyin quytfn sd h f a phUflng tifn theo quy djnh
3. Phat tie'n tfl 800.000 ddng din 1.200.000 dong ddi vdi chu xe md td, xe g f a mfty, cfic loai xe tUflng t y xe md td vi phfm mdt trong cftc h i f a vi sau dfty:
e. Khfing chuyin quyfi'n sd hflu phUflng tifn theo quy difa.
6. Phat tifi'n t i 6.000.000 ddng ddn 10.000.000 dong dfii vdi c h i xe d tfi, may kdo, xe m i y chuyen d t o g v i cftc lofi xe tUflng t y 6 tfi vi pham mdt trong cic h i f a vi sau diy:
e. Khdng chuyin quyin sd hflu phUflng tifin theo quy dinh
(Tfing hpp cda t i c gia)
Ngoii ra, dfii vdi vifc b m h i f a Thdng tfl p h i p luft khi dupc b m h i f a , 33, kfifa d t o t r a y i n chifa sach, p h i p luft
khfing tfit c t o g da g i y r a sy h i i u faim giQa dfln vj thye thi chifa sftch, phftp luft v i ngudi chju t i c ddng cua chifa sich, p h i p luft dd, v i cich giii thich khic nhau gifla ngfldi cd "trftch nhifm" lftm h o m g m m g ngfldi s i dyng xe khdng chifa c h i , g i y hifu fag khdng tdt cho chifa sach, sit-mt
'» Cic nghi dinh xir ph»t h i n h chinh v l giao thang dirdng be da tttng dose han h i n h den thM diJm hiln tai gSm: ND so 15/2003««)-CP; ND eS 1 6 2 / 2 0 0 6 ™ D . CP; ND Sifl46«007/ND.CP; ND eS 34/2010 ND-CP v i m6i nliit i i ND stf 7I/2012/ND-CP
» Khinh Ttog (2012), M i n M XglA-ngu« affi « « „ £ , „ Dan tri Online, Hii OayirL hoc Vi{t Nam. fniy cip http://dantri.coni.vn/dien-dan/nha-nha-nguoi-nguoi-K)i.
8uc-vi-xe-661569.htm.
NHiN LVC KHOA HOC XiHOl Q ]
QUAN H | GlUA NANG LUC HOACH DDJH...
Su tham gia cia ngUbi ddn vdo qud chi cd Dfi bilu qudc hdi cho rfag, chino trinh hinh thdnh, thttc thi, tgng kit, ddnh ta dmg "ngii trto trdi lim chifa sftch"
gid, sia dgi, bg sung vd ban hdnh mdi cde Ngofti ra, cd mfit bfi phfa ngudi dlj chinh sdch, phdp ludt hien AfaA: khfing cfi nhifi'u thfing tm dl cd thi than
Chifa sich, phip luit phit sifa tfl gia vfto quft trifa xiy dvtog chifa sftch, cudc stfng xa hdi (hay cd thi ndi, cftc vfa chi mdt bd phfn fad qum tam do bj anh dl phftt sfah tryc titfp t i chifa cudc sd'ng, hudng trUc tifip vl lfli Ifa. Difi'u niy phi t i dfii tupng thu hudng tryc titfp). Tuy hpp vdi nghifin cflu cia Ngfa htog thtf vfy, thdi gim gm dfty, cd rfft nhilu chhih gidi (2010), khi dupc hdi cic hd gia ifinh sftch, phftp luft dupc bm h i f a lai gftp vl khi ntag dfing gdp cho J kiln vl ke phai sy "phfa tog" t i ngudi dfa (ngudi hofch vi ngan sftch cffp xa thdi kJ 2006 - thu hudng). Nguyen fafa l i sy bta hinh 2008, hlu htft cftc hd gia dtah dflpc khio cftc chfah sich, phftp luftt duoc niy sfah sit dfi'u tham gia d mflc dfi rftt thft'p (dudi tfl "phfing lafa", ehua gfa Ufi'n vdi thuc 20% vi thi'p hon) vi aguin thdng tm mft tlln, ding thdi thitfu sy tham vfa tfl ddi cic ho cd dupc cflng khd thft'p (xem Bing tupng thy hudng thi khdng thi l i chifa 1 vi Bing 2). Nhtf vfy, thflc ttf cd mft sftch, phip luit tfft. Chifa vi vfy, khi bm khofag cich rfft lfa vtf thdng tta chinh hinh Thdng tu 33 quy djfa vtf xe chfah saeh gifla chfah quyfa vdi ngudi dta cfa lfl dfa dtfn tfah eifa fai nhi, ngudi (ngudi chju tic dfng tme titfp bdi chinh ngUfli homg mmg vi chifa sftch, thfm sftch).
Bfag 1. Hd gia dinh cho J kitfn v l ktf hof ch vft ngin sich xa (2006 -2008)
Sd itjng « n g gdp cda ngudf dftn * x3 S i dwig ngftn sftch / lm d p cua Chinh phd d xa Phi vft If phi do cip Ift Ihu Kfi iMfch phai Win Kr-)(H d cip xa Ki hofch aSu lu CSHT d cftp x i K l hof ch lfti dinh Of v4 din bu d p xft Kl hoach s i dung <Bt d cip x i
0% 50%
Ngudn: Ngdn hdng thigidi (2010)
Ei >"*><LW:>NOA HOC XiHOl
sit-au
TRAN VAN DUY, NGUYEN VAN CHI^N Bing 2. Thong tin dap dtng nhu ctfu cua ho gia dinh v l ktf hoach va ngan sach
xa (trong so nhiing ngtfdi quan tam)
S i dvng t i n ddng gdp cua nguDi dan d S i d u g ngan sad! vft ddng gdp cua ChWi phu Phi va If phi do chffih quyin xa Oaj KS hoach phat t i l n KT-XH 6 cap x i Kfi hoach ffiu t / C S H I d c^> l a Kfi hoach tai M l or vft den bu d p xa
Quy hofch s i dung dftt d c ^ xa
0 « 25% 50% 75% 100%
• Co tifing til dap ung nhu ciu dia ngudi tft ldi
Ngudn: Ngdn hdng thd gidi (2010) Thdi gian qua, nhieu chifa sftch, phftp
luft dupc bm hftfa da inh htfdng tren phfm vi rfng vft tdi nhitfu Ufa vyc cia cupc stfng. Tuy nhifin, mfit chifa quyin fad gpn vdi vifc chi dam nhifm chic ning t& thilu fau: gta gifl hda btah, thim hpa trfldc cic de dpa tfl bfa ngoii; cic cufc chiih trafa vi chic ntag hoach djfa chifa sach; bio dam mdt mdi trudng cffa trafa vi phit triln bin vflng. v.v... se li mdt lua chpn cho sU phat triln. Khi dd, chifa quyin sfi ed nhilu "nguon lflc" dl thvic hifn vifc ban hiinh chifa sich ttft - trfti ngupc vdi hiu htft cic qufic gia diu can thifp nliilu hfln so vdi vai tro cfa thitft ttfl thilu, nhieu chifa quyen tham gia lim thay nhilu vifc cia thj trudng - nfli vtfn khu vuc tu nhfa co thi dim duflng dupc (Ngto hfag Phat triln chftu A ADB, 2003). Do vfy, dffi vdi Vift Nam, cfa
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xic djnh md hinh pham vi hoft ddng hpp IJ cia chifa quyin va phfm vi cia cftc chifa sich. "Hieo Francis Fukuyama (2004), cic Nlift nudc hifu qui (vl dilu hftfa qum IJ vi bm hifa chifa sach) se cd phfm vi cm thifp (quyen han) eua Nhft nudc fad, nliim myc dich phftt triln ktah ttf mdt cftch tot nhfft; thay vi mdt Nhft nude lftm nhieu vide, cm thifp nhilu faung hifiu qui thap - hofc ntfu khfing hp phai tri mfit nguin luc xi hpi rfft lfa. Ntfu xdt thyc ttf a f a hifa Vift Nam, cd le cung khdng fafft thitft Nhi nudc phii tham gia vio hfa vyc dft may, Ufa vyc xiy dttag co hm hoftc Ufa wJc sto xufft khic mi khu vyc tu nhfa cd thi 14m ttft Khi dd, Nhtf ntfdc chi cfa tfo mdi trufag tot bing chfah sich faim dilu titft mpi hopt dfng kfah ttf dl cho thj trtfdng thuc hif n n l i thj tradng cd thi lim tfft hfln. Sy giim thilu
N H i l i m ; KHOA HOC XiHOl Q
QUAN H|) G I U A N A N G L U C H O A C H DpJH..
pham vi t i c ddng se g i i p cho c i c chinh sich ban h i f a dupc t i p trung nguon luc v i sfi n f a g cao dupc chfft ludng hfln 14 ban h4fa nhilu chifa sich m i chfft lupng chua dflpc kilm soit.
Ngay c i trong ITnh vflc d i o tf o khoa hpc cfing nghf, theo Giio su Nguyin V t o Tufa:
Vift Nam cd sff lupng giio sfl n h i l u hon Thii Lan, faung sff cdng t r i f a to pham qudc ttf lfi it hfln h t o T h i i L m ; cic vifn nghifin c f a tich bidt khdi tradng dai hpc, lim cho hoft ddng khoa hpc t i c h bift vdi nghifin c f a chifa sich v i d i o tao. Dong thdi cic dfln vi khoa hpc, mfc dfl dflpc yfiu ciu tu c h i v l hopt dfing, faung If t r i f a v l ty chu ctog chua rd r t a g (xem Difi'u 2, Nghj djfa 43/2006/ND - CP), c i c dOn vj n i y v i n hoft ddng theo sy bao cffp, it mang tfah Cffa t r a f a , do vfy khfi cfi t h i dim b i o cho ra dfli c i c chifa sich vfla m m g tfah "ty chju trach nhifm", ding thdi vi su tfin tfi cua ttf chflc d l boat dpng Chia se dilu niy, t f i k J hpp thfl 5, Qudb hfi khda XIII, Phd Chu nhifim UB Tu phftp Qufib hfi LS Thj Nga phftt bie'u:
"hfag chyc n i m nay chua thffy cfa bfi n i o bj thfii vifc hay giftng chic, bfii thudng do v t o b i n bfft hpp lj"m, thuc vfy khi khdng cfi tifa chju trach nhidm dffi vdi chifa chfah sftch do mtah b m hftfa thi se xuftt hifn htah t h i c chff. bd trich nhifm v i khd d l t f a ra ngudi chju trich nhifm chfah trong mft t i p t h i chung.
3. Kitfn nghj c h i n h s i c h , p h i p l u a t N i n g Iyc hop ch djfa chfah eich, p h i p luft ttft l i y l u td' tnje titfp giup Vift Nam p h i t t n i n , ^ o mtfm tfa cho doafa nghifp
s f a xufft t a i Vift Nam, gia t t o g sy tuan t h i c h i f a sich/phap l u i t c i a ngudi dfin vi giam su lech lac (ngofi i n g tifiu cue) ra xi hfii. Do viy, d l n i n g cao hifu qua ning lyc hofch djfa c h i f a sach, p h i p luft, tie gia kitfn nghi:
Su rdng bude "trdch nhiim" doi vdi ehinh sdch, phdp ludt khi ban hdnh: mfii c h i f a sich, p h i p luft dflpc b m h i f a dfiu cd t i c ddng nhifi'u tfii cufic stfng xft hfii, tao n i l m t m d l d o a f a nghifip v i ngudi din m t i m d i u ttf v i s t o xufft. Theo bfto cfto c i a Phdng cfing nghifip v i Thflong mai Viet Nam (VCCI), chi stf n f a g lyc canh t r a f a cffp t i f a (PCI) 2012 dflpc difi'u tra tren 8.177 d o a f a nghifp tU fato trong nudc v i 1.640 doanh nghifp nudc ngofti, cd dfih 34.36% cftc d o a f a nghifp lo ngai gfp r i i ro vtf hoach djnh c h i f a sfteh, phap luft c f a g nhfl s y t h a y dffi ve chifa sftch, phftp luft. Cftc t h a y dtfi chfah sich, phap luft cd t h i 14m a f a hudng tdi ktf hofch san xufft c i a doanh nghifp, vi thtf, mft bf p h f a doanh nghifip se ngfi tham gia md rfng hofc gia t i n g d i u tfl. Thyc t l , khfing p h i i t y faifin doanh nghifp Io ngfi vl
" r i i ro c h i f a sftch" m4 bdi vi trong qua khi, cac chfah sich, p h a p luft hay thay dtfi vtf d i l n bidh b a t lpi cho doafa nghifp dft^tfo r a sy quan ngai vtf viln cafa c6 t h i gfp phai su r u i ro (thay dtfi) t i phia chtah sich, p h i p l u f t
Sy r f a g bufic trach nhifm dfii vdi ngUdi/
t l chflc ban hftfa chfah sich, phap luit afi
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c f a g ctf thfim chfft luflng b t o c h i f a sach, phap l u i t dupc b m hanh, l i e dd se khdng cd tinb c i n h mdt c h i f a sach, p h a p l u i t tfft (fafl Thdng t u 33 quy djnh vtf xe chfah chi), faung lai gay r a stf lo l t o g va h o m g m m g cho ngtfdi t h y hudng. D l b m hftfa dupc chfah sich, phap luft tot, cac cfl quan/eft n h f a cfi t r i c h nhiem se p h i i tham gia nghign c f a mfit each nghiem t i c hon do p h i i "chju trach nhifm" b f a g t r i c h nhifm c h i f a trj cua minh trfldc quytft djfa b m hftnh c h i f a sach, p h i p l u i t
Ndng cao ndng lue hogch dinh chinh sdcK plidp lu&t: cd mfit thyc ttf, khi GDP
^ ^ ^ q u f a cfag cao thi m i c dp p h i c tap c i a cufic sffng c f a g nhitfu (se n i y sfah nhitfu hon cac t r a n h chffp), v i do vfy, se phai cd n h i l u hdn cac chfah sich, phftp luft dflpc b m h i n h d l g i i i quytft cic m i u t h u i n dd. Vi vfy, n f a g lyc c i a ngudi/dfln vi nghifin c f a c h i f a sich, p h i p l u i t p h i i dupe c i i thifn. Theo Giio stf Chu V t o Cffp - Hpe vifin Chifa trj - H i n h chifa Qufib gia Ho Cfa' Minh, ngutfn n h f a lUc Viet Nam hifn d m g dupc Ngfa h f a g thtf gidi d a f a g i i xtfp t h i 11/12 nudc c h i u A dupc k h i o s i t (3.79/10 dilm); hofc cung da t t o g dupc d i n h g i i d t h i hpng 53/59 nudc dupc k h i o s i t (theo Difin d t o kfah ttf thtf gidi, 2005). N t o g sufft bfah q u t o lao ddng Vift Nam chi tudng dudng 52.6% c i a Trung QuSb, 40% c i a T h i i Lan, 14.9% cua Stagapore v i 9% c i a My.
Vdi muc tidu n i n g cao chfft lupng ngufa n h f a luc tfi Vift Nam, theo fatf
T R A N VAN DUY, NGUYEN V A N C H l f N Chuong trinh Viet Nam ff)fi hpc Harvard) - de t h i n h edng trfin con dtfdng phat triln, Viet Nam c m q u m t i m n h i l u hdn cho dau t u v i o chfft lupng cua giio dye.
Nhflng nftm g f a d i y , m i c dfl ngftnh giio due danh dudc sy q u m tam rfft lfa cua C h i f a p h i , song ktft q u i nhftn dupe cdn htft s i c h a n chtf. Vift Nam v t o c f a kifin tri theo dutfi con dudng n a y v i t f a g bfldc n t o g cao chfft luflng giio dye tfl phff thdng tdi dfi hpc, t i dd se ed nhitfu hfln ngutfn n h t o lyc chfft lupng cao tham gia v i o cdng t i c hofch fata c h i f a sich tai Vift Nam.
Ndng eao chdt lugng the ehd: nfag cao hifu qua hoft dpng c i a CSiifa p h i l i mpt cfich n t o g cao chat lupng c h i f a sach (dieu hftfa) c i a N h i nudc fau mpt ktft q u i p h f a tog lfi cic phat stah t i cufc stfng n g i y cfag trd n t o p h i c tap. D t o lfi t i TS.
Ld D t o g Doafa, hifu q u i hoat ddng c i a Chfah p h i Vift Nam hifn thffp hfln so vdi cic nfldc trong khu vyc cfi dieu kifn tuong tfl fau: Indonesia, PhiUppfas,... v i ding thdi, chfft lupng v t o b f a p h i p quy c i a Vift Nam cung thffp hfln so vdi nhitfu nudc (xem Htah 3). Mdt so Ufu thtfng kfi cfi J ngUa rfag, mutfn p h i t t r i l n ktah ttf n h a f a v i m f f a (nhtf thdi g i m qua) thi Vifit Nam p h i i cai cich de hifu q u i dilu h i n h c i a Chfah p h i dupc cii thidn faim d i p fag tfft hfln dieu kifn hifn tai. Dilu n i y p h i hop vdi nghifin c f a c i a Juzhong Z h u m g (2010), cd mpt mffi q u m hfi tUdng q u m dUdng gifla chfft lupng dilu hftfa v i t h u nhftp binh q u f a GDP (xem Htah 4).
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Hifa 4. Mffi quan hfi giiia chfft Itftfng dilu hanh va GDP binh quan dtfu ngtfdi
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Ngofti ra, d l cfing t i c hoach djfa chfah sftch, phftp luft dupc thftfa cdng, ngofti mft b t o chfah sftch, phftp luftt m m g t i f a thyc thi, Vift Nam cfa cii thifn n i l m tfa cua d t o chfag dfii vdi chfah sftch Tfi kJ hop thfl ttf, Qudb hdi k h d a X m (thfag 1U2012), Dfi bilu QuSb hdi (Lfi Long H i i f a , 2012), cho rfag: "Chung ta dang phung phi Umg tin cua nh&n ddn" vk fafa m f f a n h t o g vffn d l giy bflc xuc Q HHlNLW KHOA HOC XiHOl
U p o i l (HIP hinli qoio d i l ogmn CMS ppp I)
Nguon: Juzhong Zhuang (2010)
trong ddi stfng xa hfii thdi g i m gin day d i u cd nguyfin n h t o xufft p h i t t i sy thilu ldng tfa trong fafa d t o . Dd lft do cic chifa sach cdng, phftp luft dupc ban hftnh thitfu thyc ttf, cd t h i gay hifu fag fadn chfah sach, hofc khdng cd sU q u m tim t i fato dm"". N h i nudc d m g thitfu sy than v t o hoic p h t o bifn cd hifu q u i t i ngfldi dftn/doafa nghifp d l cd t h i b m h i f a mft chifa sftch tfft hdn. IQidi phyc nilm tm Ul Sltl-2111
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T R A N V A N D U Y , NGUYEN V A N CHlfN qua trtoh l i u dii, l i hf q u i c i a q u i t r i f a
t i hdm nay, cic c h i f a sich, p h i p l u i t cfa dupe ngfaen cflu v i b m h i n h mdt cich ky ludng v i cd chfft lupng, dap fag mong mdi c i a ngudi d t o , cd fau viy, mfi'm tfa c i a ngudi d m v i o c h i f a s i c h mdi dtfpc cfag ctf v i giup cho sy p h i t t r i l n kfah ttf Viet Nam trong giai dopn mdi.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Bd Ndng nghifip v4 P h a t trien n t o g thfin (2012), Thdng tu 33: Quy dinh diiu kiin vi sink, bdo ddm an todn thUc phdm dot vii ca sd kinh doanh thit vd phu phdm an duge cua ddng vdt b dang tuai sdng ddng lim thttc phdm.
J
Bao cio phat t r i l n Vift Nam (2010), the c/ii hiin dgi, Hfii nghj t u vfa cftc tii trd eho -Vift Nam.3. Chu V f a Cffp (2012), Gido due vd dig tgo vdi phdt trien ngudn nhdn liic Viet iVom, Tfp cfa'phit t r i l n vft hfii faf p.
4. Chfah p h i (2006), Nghl i f a sff 43/2006*!D - CP v l "Quy dinh quyin tu chi, tu chiu trdch nhiim vd thiie hiin nhiim vyi, tichic bd mdy, biin ehdvd tai chinh ddt vdi dan vi su nghiip cong ldp", ngfty 25/4/2006.
5. Chifa p h i (2013), Nghi djfa sff 106/2012rtJD - CP c i a Chfah p h i v l vifc:
"VI ttf c h i c l l t m g c f a bp, cfing chic, vifin chic", b m h f i f a 17/12/2013.
6. Chfah p h i (2012), Nghi dfah 71/2012*ID - CP faim "Sia doi mdt sg diiu eua Nghi dinh 34/2010/NB • CP vi Quy dinh eua xiphgt viphgm hdnh ehinh trong llnh vUc gitu) thdng dubng bd".
7. Chfah p h i (2010), Nghj djfa 34/2010/
ND-CP faim "Sia dgi mdt sg diiu eua Nghi dpih 148/2007/NB - CP vi Quy dinh cua xi phgt ui phgm hdnh ehinh trong linh Vftc giao thdng dubng bd".
8. ChUdng t t i f a chftu A (2008), Lua
chgn thdnh eong - Bdi hgc ti Bdng A vd Bing Nam A cho tuang lai Viit Nam.
9. Ld Dang D o a f a (2012), Bgi mbi tu duy vd cdi cdch thd che, Bao cao kfah ttf vi mfi 2012 - t i bat on k i f a ttf vl mfi d i h con dufag tfti CO cffu, ijy b m thfldng vy Qufib hpi, Nxb. Tri T h i c .
10. WiUiam N. Dunn (2008), Public Policy Arudysis - an introduction. Fourth Edition, University of Pittsburgh.
11. Vu Cao Dftm (2011), B^ ndng phdn tieh vd hogch dinh ehinh sdch, Nxb. Thtf gidi.
12. P r m d s Fukuyama (2004), State - building. Governance and World Order in the 21" Century, CorneU Umversity Press.
13. Lfi Long K h i n h (2012), Xfiy dUng mfi'm tfa trong fato d t o , Bdo Qudn ddi Nhdn ddn, ngay 15/11/2012.
14. N. Gregmy Mankiw (2006), Principles of Economics, 4* Edition, South - Western CoUege Pub, ISBN 0324224729.
15. N g m h t o g p h i t trien chfiu A (2003), Phuc vu v& duy tri: Cdi thign hdnh chinh edng trong mdt thigidi egnh tranh, Nxb.
Chifa trj - Qudb gia.
16. K h i n h T t o g (2012), Nhd nhd, ngubi ngubi sdi sue vi... xe, D t o tri Onlfae, Hfii khuytfn hpc Vift Nam. Tray cap http://dantri.com.vn/dien-dan/nha-nha- nguoi-nguoi-soi-suc-vi-xe-661569.htm.
17. IMfa Nguyin (2013), iS7iangdu/^c&
kinh quan tii, Thanhnien Onhne. Tray cftp.
http://www.thanhnien.com.vnypages/2013 0106/khong-dung-cua-kfah-qum-tai.aspx 18. VTV (2013), ra chtnh sdch "trin trbiT, chua ai bi gidng chut:, tray cftp http*cafe£vn/
kfah-te-vi-mo-dau-tuAa-chfah-sach-tren-troi- chua-ai-bi-giang-chuc-2013053010482046316 ca33.chn.
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Xem thSm httpJ/c.fef.vnfldnh.te.vi.mo-d.u.tu/r«.
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2013053010482046316c33j-Jin.
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