^ 1 GHieN cuu TRflO DOI
Phat trien nguon nhan luc chat lu-tfug cao cho Thu do Ha Noi
IS. Trdn Thj Hong Vie*
Dpi hpc Kinh fe Quoc ddn
Phdt triin ngudn nhdn lgc chdt !u\mg cao Id mpt Irong nhimg nhipm vu quan trpng cua chien lirgc phdt inen kinh le- xd hgi Thu dd lid Npi den nam 2030. Hd Npi cd nhieu lgi the so v&i cd nu&c vc ngudn nhdn hrc chdt lugng cao nhimg cung dang tiem dn nhimg thdch thirc lo l&n trong vn'c phdt tnin logi hinh ndy Nhdn hrc chdt lugng cao cua Hd Npi dang & trong tinh trgng chua ddp img dil yeu cdu phdi triin. chua dugc sir dgng lit^u qud. mgng lir&i ca .so ddo tgo chira dugc qiiv hogch ddng bp. ly Ip lao dpng qua ddo tgo cdn thdp. ca cdu ngdnh nghe vd .urphdn bd lao dpng chua hgp ly...
Vipc phdt trien ngudn nhdn l{rc dial luang cao ciia Thu dd Nd .\di t dn nhdm vdo 5 logi hinh nhdn hrc bao gdm dpi ngu Idnh dgo. dpi ngii gido vien cdc cdp. dpi ngii nhdn lire khoa hpc cdng nghp, nhdn lire doanh nhdn vd lire lirgng cdng nhdn l<y thudt. Cdc gidi phdp cdn dirge thirc hiin ddng bp bao gdm ldm ldi cdng tdc dg bdo cung cdu nhdn hrc. quy hogch lai mgng lir&i co s& ddo tgo ngudn nhdn hrc. ddi in&i id chirc ddo tgo nhdn lire di ndng cao chdt lirgng ddo tgo, tap Irutig vdo ddo Igo nhdn Idi. cd chinh sdeh sir dgng thu hiit nhdn tdi vd phdt triin cdc mdi quan hi hpp tdc irong vd ngodi mr&c di phdt trien ngudn nhdn lire chdt hrgng cao
Tir khda: Nhan lyc, ngudn nhdn lyc chdt lugng cao. quy hogch ngudn nhdn lyc, cung- cau lao ddng, dan sd, vice lam
ndng: ky thugt, tim va ty tgo \ icc lam. Idm viec an todn, Idm viec hgp tdc; cd thai dg, tac phong Idm vigc tdt, tracb nhiem \di cdng vice.
Nbu \ay. ngudn nhdn lyc chat lugng cao phai la nhiing con ngudi phat Irien cd ve tri lyc vd the luc, ca ve khd ndng lao dgng, \ e tinh tich cyc chinh trj- xd hgi, vc dgo dire, tinh cam trong sang. Nguon nhan Ivrc chdt lugiig cao cd the khdng can ddng ve sd lugng, nbung phai di vdo thyc chat.
Trong tbi gidi hien dai. khi chuyen ddn sang nen kinh ic chii yeu dya tren tri thiic va trong xu the toan cdu hod, hgi nhgp kinh te quoc le. ngudn nhdn luc chat lugng cao ngay cdng the bign vai trd quyet djnh ciia nd. Mgt nln kinh tl mudn tdng trudng nhanh va d miic cao phai dya tren it nhdt ba try cgt ca bdn: ap dyng cdng nghg mdi, phat trien hg tdng ca sd hien dgi va nang cao chat lugng nguon nhdn luc. Trong dd dgng lyc quan trgng nhdt ciia sy tdng trudng kinh te ben viing chinh la nhiing con ngudi, dgc biet la 1. Khai niem nguon nhan lyc chat lirgng cao
Ngudn nhan lyc Id tdng hod the lyc vd tri lyc tdn tgi trong todn bg lye lugng Iao dgng xa hgi cua mgt qudc gia, trong dd ket tinh truyen ihong vd kinh nghiem Iao dgng sang tgo ciia mgt ddn tgc trong Ijch su dugc van dung de sdn xuat ra ciia cdi vat chat vd tinh than phyc vy cho nhu cau bien tgi vd luong lai ciia ddt nudc.
Ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng cao Id khai niem de chi nhirng ngudi lao dgng cy the cd trinh dg Idnh nghe (ve chuyen mdn, ky thugt) irng vdi mgt ngdnh nghe cy the theo tieu thiic phdn logi lao dgng \t;
chuyen mdn, ky thugt nhdt djnh (dgi hgc, tren dgi hgc, cao ddng, lao dgng ky thugt Idnh nghe). Nguon nhan luc chdt lugng cao la bg phgn cau thdnh ddc biet quan trgng, la nhdm tinh tuy nhdt, cd chat lugng nhat ciia ngudn nhan lyc cua mgt quoc gia.
Ngudn nhdn lyc chat lugng cao Id nguon nhan lyc
phai dap iing dugc yeu cdu ciia thj trudng (yeu cdu nguon nhan lyc chdt lugng cao, tiic Id nhiing con ciia cdc doanb ngbiep trong vd ngodi nudc), dd la: ngudi dugc ddu tu phat trien, cd ky ndng, kiln thiic, cd kien thiic: chuyen mdn, kinh tl. tin hgc; cd kj lay nghe, kinh nghiem, ndng lyc sdng tgo nhdm trd
Kinlitytiattrieii
NGHICN cuu TRRO Bl thanh "ngudn von - von con ngudi, vdn nhdn lyc".
Bdi trong boi ednh the gidi cd nhieu bien dgng vd canh tranh quyet Met, phdn thang se thugc ve nhu'ng qudc gia cd ngudn nhdn lyc, cd mdi trudng phdp ly thuan Igi cho dau tu, cd mdi trudng chinh trj- xa hgi In djnh.
2. Vai tro ciia nguon nhan luc chat lirgng cao doi voi viec phat trien kinh tc xd hgi Thii do Ha Noi
Phdt triln nguon nhan lyc chat lugng cao Id mgi trong nhung nhiem vy quan trgng ciia chien luge phdt trien kinh te-\a hgi Tbu dd Hd Ngi den ndm 2030 tdm nhin din ndm 2050. Quy hogch tdng llil phdt triln kinh t l - xa hgi thdnh pho Hd Ngi den ndm 2020, djnh hudng den ndm 2030 dd xac djnh; "Tgp trung phat trien mgnh nhdn lyc chat lugng cao. Xdy dung, phat trien Hd Ngi trd thdnh trung tam ddo tgo nhdn tdi vd nhdn lyc chat lugng bang dau cua ed nudc vd cd uy lin qudc te, nang ly le lao dgng qua ddo tao len 70-75% ndm 2020 vd khodng 85-90%
nam 2030. Hd trg, tgo dieu kien thugn Igi de tgp trung xay dung mdt sd truong dgi hgc xuat sac vd trudng dgi hgc trgng diem tren dja bdn. Tap trung ddo tgo nhan tdi vd nhdn lye chdt lugng cao trong cac linh vyc: lanh dgo- quan ly, qudn tri doanh nghiep, tu van, thiet ke, nghien ciiu khoa hgc vd chuyen giao cdng nghe, ddo tgo dgi hgc, y hge, vdn hod- nghe thudt, the thao thdnh tich cao vd cdng nhan ky thuat bdc cao. Cd chinh sach uu tien ddo tao nhan lye lanh dgo, qudn ly vd khoa hgc- edng nghe trinh dg cao d nudc ngodi. Tdng nbanh quy md vd da dang hod ngdnh ngbl ddo tgo nhan luc ndng thdn ddp ling yen cdu phat triln ndng nghiep sinh thdi cdng nghe cao vd chuyen djch co cdu lao dgng ndng nghiep, ndng thdn theo hudng cdng nghiep hod, hien dgi hoa".
Trong dieu kign Viet Nam dang hdi nhgp ngdy cdng sdu rgng vdo nen kinh te qudc te, vira cd chat xiic tdc rat mgnh me tir sy phdt trien nhu vii bao ciia khoa hgc cdng nghe, Igi vira gap phdi nhiing thach thiic to Idn cua tinh trgng cgn kiet dan ngudn tai nguyen thi phdt triln nen kinh t l tri thiic dya vdo ngudn nhdn lyc chdt lugng cao Id vdn dl then chot cua qud trinh phat triln. Thyc te phdt triln kinh tl tren the gidi md dgc bigt Id d cdc nudc trong khu vyc Bdng A bao gom Nhdt Bdn, Dai Loan vd Hdn Quoc, cac nudc ASEAN vd Trung Quoc cho thdy nln kinh te ciia cac nudc nay phdt triln vdi toe do nhanh
WtU'Iiattripn
chdng trong nhirng nam gdn day phdn Idn deu nhd vdo ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng cao. Khdng cbi cd vai trd quan trgng trong phdt triln kinh tl, nguon nhan lyc chat luong cao cdn cd y nghTa rat quan Irgng trong viec gidi quylt cdc van dl xa hgi, xda ddi giam ngbeo, dam bdo cdng bdng xa hgi, gidi quylt cac vdn dl mdi trudng vd su tiln bg mgi mat ciia xa hgi Ngdy nay, trong boi canb hgi nhgp kinh te todn cau, khi md cgnh tranh dien ra ngdy cdng gay gdt khdng chi trong mgt nudc md tren loan thi gidi tbi nguon nhdn lyc chat lugng cao ddng vai trd ngdy cdng quan trgng doi vdi mgi hogt dgng kinh te.
Tbu dd Hd Ngi vira cd rat nhieu dieu kien thudn lgi ddng thdi cung dang tiem dn nhirng Ibdcb tbuc to Idn vl nhan Jyc.'Gidi quyet tdt van de nhan lyc chinb Id mgt khau dgt phd quan trgng nhdt dk thyc hien thdnh cdng Nghi quyet Dgi bdi XI ciia Dang, Nghj quyet cua Thdnh iiy, dua Ha Ndi trd thdnh mdt thdnh pho, mgt dia phuong gucmg mdu, di ddu ciia ca nudc.
Neu xet ve ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng cao thi khdng dau Igi the bdng Thii dd Ha Ndi. Thu dd hien nay Id nai ddng try sd cua cdc co quan Trung ucmg Dang, Nhd nudc, Chinh phu va cdc dodn the xa hgi noi tap Irung vdi mat do rat eao cdc tri tue hdng ddu ciia ddt nudc vdi hdng tram vien nghien ciiu, trudng dgi hgc, cao dang, hang nghin trudng phd thdng, chua ke cdc trung tdm tri thirc khdc. Ngoai lyc lugng tai chd, Hd Ndi cdn cd siic hut mgnh me cdc ngudn chat xam tir khap nai trong cd nudc ve hgi ty.
Luc lugng lao ddng chdt lugng cao cua Hd Ngi cdn dugc bd sung ddi ddo tir truyin thdng hieu hgc, lao dgng tri dc ciia ngudi dan thdnh phd. Ha Ndi cdn cd tren nira trieu ngudi tir cdc dja phuang Ian can ve kiem sdng. Day la ngudn lyc lao dgng vd tri tue to Idn nlu bilt td chirc, khai thdc tdt.
Mac dil cd nhilu Igi the so vdi cd nudc ve chat lugng ngudn lao dgng d trinh dg cao nbung nhdn lyc Hd Ngi dang d trong tinh trgng thira md thieu, chua dugc su dyng hieu qud gay Idng phi mgt ngudn lyc rdt Idn cua xa hdi. Ngudn nhan luc Thii dd chua dugc quy hogeh mdt each bdi bdn, ty le Iao dgng qua ddo tgo van cdn thap, co cdu ngdnh nghe vd sy phan bd lao dgng chua hgp Iy giira cdc khu vyc, cac thdnh phdn vd cdc ngdnh kinh tl. Ben cgnh dd, Hd Ngi cung gap nhOng trd ngai rdt Idn trong vigc ddo tgo nguon nhan lyc chdt lugng cao. Sau kbi md rdng dja gidi hdnh chinh, ddn so Ha Ngi tang len 6,7 trieu
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GHieN cuu TRflO DOIngudi, gap 3 Idn trucrc day. luong lai khdng xa sS len 9 trieu ngudi. Mgt dg dan so lid Ngi cao gdp 8 lan mgt dd trung binh cd nudc (theo bao cao tgi le phdt ddng thdng hdnh dgng qudc gia vl dan so do long cyc dan so ki; hogch bda gia dinh to cbirc ngdy 6 thang 12 ndm 2011) la mgt Ihdcli thiic rat Idn cbo cdng tdc gido dye. Viec md rgng dja gidi hdnh ehinh cung tbu ngp vao I Id Ni?i mgt lugng lao dgng chat lugng thap rat Idn. Qud trinb ddthj hda vd phai Iricn cdng nghiep ciing d^l ra nhieu trd nggi xd hgi vc mfit nhan lyc.
Xuat phdt lir nhiing ly do tren ddy, vigc phat Iriln, khai thdc sir dyng cd bigu qud nguon nhan lyc chat lugng cao cua Thu dd nham ddp irng nhu cau khan thiet cua cdc doanh nghigp la mgt ttong nbrnig hien phap Imu hieu Irudc mdl cung nbu lau dai, ludn dugc xem nbu m^t nhigm vy trgng tdm mang tinh chat quyet djnh trong chien luge phdt trien kinh te xd hgi cua Viet Nam ndi chung vd eiia Tbu dd Ha Ngi ndi rieng,
3. Tinh hinh cung cau, dao tao va sir dung nguon nhan luc chat lugng cao d Thii do Ha Ngi 3.1 Khdi qudt hipn trgng ddn so vipc Idm & Hd Npi
Theo sd ligu bao cao cua de an quy hogch phat triln nhan lyc thdnh phd Ha Ngi giai dogn 2011- 2020, udc tinh ddn so todn thdnh phd den thdng 12 ndm 2011 Id 6763,1 nghin ngudi tdng 2,2% so vdi ndm 2010, chu yeu Id tang co hgc (di eu). Ddn cu phdn bd khdng deu, toe dg dd tbi hda pbdt trien tuong ddi nbanh, tap trung tgi cdc qugn ngi thdnh, mgt dg ddn sd trung binh Id 1.926 ngudi/km^. Theo kit qud so bg cda diiu tra Lao dgng vigc Idm ndm 2011,sd ngudi tir 15 tudi trd len tham gia hogt dgng
kinh t l Id 3626,4 nghin ngudi chilm 70% so vdi ting so ngudi tir 15 tuoi trd len, tdng khdng ddng kl so vdi ndm 2010; trong dd lyc lugng lao dgng ntr chicm 51,3%. Ty Ig that nghiep "dm 2011 Id 4,3%.
So vdi ndm 2010 ty Ig ibdt nghiep tdng 2,1% (ndm 2010 ty le thai ngbiep Id 2,2%). Ty le thdt nghiep khu vyc thdnh Ihj Id 6,7%t cao hon nhilu so vdi ndm 2010 (nfim 2010 ty Ig ndy Id 3,1%).
Ty 1$ do thj hda tdng nhanh trong boi canh ty le thdt nghigp cao ddi hdi phai cd ke hogch ddo tgo de chuyen lyc lugng Idn Iao dgng tir ndng thdn thanh nhu'ng ngudi cd tay nghe cao trong cdc ngdnh kinh ll. Ndm 2011, toan Thanh pho dd gidi quylt viec Idm cho 138.800 ngudi, dgt 101,3% ke hogch.
3.2 Hipn trgng cung cau nhdn IIJTC chat lugng cao & Hd Npi
Dk dn quy hogch phat trien nguon nhdn lyc Ha Ngi giai dogn 2011- 2020 da ddnh gid dan so vd lao dgng cua Hd Ngi tuy Idrn song cd sy thieu hyt tram trgng ve nguon lao dgng chdt lugng cao vd cd su mdl edn doi Idn gi&a cung- cdu lao dgng va trong co cau lao dgng.
Hien tgi Hd Ngi dang thieu ngudn nhan lyc chat lugng cao la cac lyc lugng lao dgng qua ddo tgo co ky ndng tay nghe thdnh thgo de dap irng cdc yeu cdu phat triln. Bdng I cho thdy ndm 2009 chi cd 31,1%
lao dgng cua TP Hd Ngi dd qua ddo tao tir so cap nghe trd len, cdn lgi 68,9% lao dgng chua dao tgo chuyen mdn ky thugt. Ty Ig lao dgng qua ddo tgo dd tdng len 34,8% trong ndm 2010. Trong do, ddo tgo so cdp ngbl chiem 3,64% lyc lugng lao dgng, trung cap nghe chiem 3,03%, trung hgc chuyen nghiep chiem 6,06%, cao ddng nghi 0,34%, cao ddng 2,52%, dgi hgc 17,21%, thgc sy 1,56%, tiln sy 0,44%. So vdi Bang 1: Luc lugng lao dgng theo trinh dg dao t^o
Trlnh dp chuyen mon Tong so
Chira dio lao CMKT So cap nphe Trune cap nghe THCN Cao dang nghe Cao dSng Dai hoc Thac s9 Tien s9
So lirpng 3.067.420 2.146.274 156 438 138.034 107.36 21472 55.214 402.752 27.607 12.27
2005
%
100,0 69,97 5,1 4,5 3,5 0,7 1,8 13.13 0,9 0,4So lugng 3.288.445 2.265.896 144.544 142.082 116.821 20.903 73.994 469.06 43.135 12.146
2009
%
100,00 68,90 4,40 4,32 3,55 0,64 2,25 14,26 1,31 0,37So luong 3 480 997 2 269 610 126 708 105 474 210 948 11 835 87 721 599 219 54 321 15 159
2010
%
100,0 65,20 3,64 3,03 6,06 0,34 2,52 17,21 1,56 0,44 68Nguon: Quy hogch phat trien nhdn luc Ha Noi giai doan 20] 1-2020
KinhtfJIiatlri
NGHI6N cuu TRflO e<
ndm 2000 chat lugng nhan lyc ciia thdnh pho Hd Ngi chdm dugc cdi thien, sau 10 ndm ty Ig Iao dgng qua dao tgo chi tdng 5,9%, co cdu lao dgng theo trlnh dg chuyen mdn chuyen djch chdm chua dung vdi xu hudng phdt trien ciia co cau kinh tl.
Neu so vdi cd nudc va cac dja phuang tbi ty le lao dOng qua ddo tgo cua TP. Ha Ngi cao hon. Ty le lao dgng qua ddo tgo ciia cd nudc ndm 2009 la 13,3%, ciiaTP. Hdi Phdng la 20,2%, TP. Dd Ndng la 23,5%
, TR Ho Chi Minh Id 20% va TP Can Tho Id 11,6%.
Za cdu ndy cho thay TP. Hd Ngi ciing nhu cd nudc dang trong tinh trng thilu dgi ngu cdng nhdn ky thugt lanh nghe, da qua ddo tgo bdi ban. Lye lugng Iao dgng cd trinb dg dgi hgc, cao ddng thudng Id lao dpng gidn lilp, trong kbi dgi ngu cdng nhdn tryc tilp san xudt lgi chua qua dao tgo nen phyc vy chii ylu cho cdc nganh tham dyng lao dgng vdi ndng sudt lao dgng thdp, gia trj gia tdng nhd. Cdc ngdnh djch vy CO gia tri gia tdng cao vd nhiing ngdnh cdng nghiep cdng ngh? cao thi chua cd dugc ngudn cung lao dgng chdt lugng cao.
Bang 2: Ty If lao dgng qua
Bdng 2 cho thay, lao dgng thii cdng, lao dgng gidn don, Iao dgng cd ky nang trong ndng nghiep- Idm nghiep vd thuy san, nhan vien djch vy vd ban bdng thugc nhdm cd ty le ddo tgo rat thap dudi 20%.
Thg vgn hdnh vd Idp rdp may mdc thilt bi, nhdn vien trg Iy vdn phdng cd ty Ig qua ddo tgo d mirc do trung binh khoang tren dudi 50%. Nbd lanh dao trong cdc ngdnh, nhd chuyen mdn bdc cao vd bae trung cd ty le qua ddo tgo cao dgt tren 90%, Trong dd, nhd lanh dgo cdc cap va nhd chuyen mdn bgc cao phan Idn cd bdng dgi hgc trd len.
3.3 Hipn trgng ddo tgo vd su dung ngudn nhdn luc chat lugng cao
Nguon nhan lyc d Ha Ngi dugc dao lao tren quy md Idn trong nhinig ndm qua tuy nhien chdl lugng ddo tgo vd vigc khai thac, sii: dyng lao dgng sau ddo tgo cdn nhieu bat cgp.
Theo so lieu tir Cyc thing ke Ha Ngi (2010), tinh den cudi ndm 2009, tren dja bdn thdnh phd Hd Ndi 124 trudng cao dang, dgi hgc, vd trung bgc chuyen dao tao theo nghe nghiep 2010
Dan vi tinh: %
S6 lao d9ng Nhd ldnh dgo trong cdc nganh, :dc cdp va cdc 3onvi
"•(hd chuyen Hon bac cao Nhd chuyen non bac trung Mhdn vien trg Iy i'Sn phong Nhan vien dich
^u vd bdn hang Lao deng co ky lang trong NN - LN-TS Lao (l$ng thii :6ng Hio vgn hdnh va lap rdp mdy mdc hilt bi Lao dpng gidn Jon 1 lie lifrmg quan Joi
Tone s i 100
1.51 13.55 4.56 2.29 16.14
0.66 16.83
7.61 36.85 0.0004
Chua dao tao CMKT
68.9
9.1 0 5 5 09 41.42 80.95
80.9 82.44
55 11 97.29
So cap nghj
4.39
1.12 0.06 2 43 7.31 3 7 1
3.12 7.39
26 26 0.6
Trung cap nghe
4.32
3 27 0.28 21 64 10 35 4 46
6.98 6.06
11 34 0.98
THCN 3.55
4 74 0.63 32 79 18.49 4 18
4 43 1.73
3.35 0 62
Cao ddng ighS
0.64
0.78 0.26 5 44 1.23 0.54
0.74 0 67
0.9 0.1
Cao dang
2.25
3.19 1.98 27.99 5.75 1.55
1.51 0.66
1.08 0 2
Dai hoc 14.26
63.28 85.74 4.44 14 92 4 55
2.24 1.02
1.94 0.2 100
Thac sy 1.31
9.65 8 4 0.18 0 46 0 04
0.03 001
0 Tien sy
0.37
4.93 2.16 0 0.07 001
Nguon: Cue thing ke Hd Ngi
KiteJ'Mtlrifii
69^ 1 'GHI6NCUUTflflODOI
nghiep cimg 252 co sd ddo tgo nghi (bao gom ed khd ndng mdt lao dgng bdt cii luc ndo. 12 khu cdng cdc trudng dgi hgc, eao ddng, vd trung hgc chuyen nghigp ciia Hd Ngi di vdo hogt dgng dang thu hut nghiep). Trong dd cd 57 trudng dgi hgc, 20 Irirdng tren 100.000 Iao dgng nhung chii ylu Id lao dgng^d cao ddng, va 47 trudng trung hgc. Ngodi ra. bien tgi
tren dja bdn thdnh pho cdn cd 10 trudng dgi hgc vd cao ddng thugc khoi an ninh- quoc phdng. Djlc biet.
Ha Ngi Id noi lgp trung nhilu trudng dgi hgc trgng diem cd quy md sinh vien Idn nhu Dgi bgc Quoc gia Ha Ngi, Dgi bgc Kinh tl Quoc dan, Dgi hgc Bach khoa Hd Ngi, Dgi bgc Ndng nghigp I vd hdng lont cdc trudng dgi hgc dau ngdnh khac. Ben cgnh he thong dgi bgc cdng lgp Id hg thong cdc trudng trudng dgi bgc dan lgp cd quy md Idn, dugc thdnh Igp sdm nhat cung tgp irung d I l;i Ngi.
Tren dja bdn Hd Ngi cd khodng 834,000 sinh vien, chiem hon 46% tong so sinh viC-n lien cd nudc (1.719.499 sinh vien). Tinh binh quan, ndm 2009 so
ciic tinh. TuyIn ngudi khdng dung trinh dg se din dill so lao ddng ndy Idm viec khdng hieu qud vd khdng on djnh.
Nhdm nang cao chdt lugng nguon lao dgng, tbdj gian qua, Hd Ngi dd triln khai nhilu chuong trinh, gidi phdp nhu thyc hien x3 hgi hda cdng tac day nghi, tdng cudng ddu lu trang thilt bj dgy vd hgc nghi; ndng cao chdt lugng dgi ngu giao vien, xay dyng doi mdi giao trinh, chuong irinh dgy nghe cho bgc sinh.., Bdo cao den het ndm 2010 cho thdy chat tugng ddo tgo ngbl dugc ndng cao, i> Ig bgc vien hgc nghe tot nghiep tren 95%, ty le hgc vien cd viec lam sau tot nghigp dgt tren 70%, nhieu trudng dgy nghe dgt 100%. Tuy nhien, theo kcl qud dieu tra ciia lugng sinh vien theo hgc binh quan d mgt co sd ddo dc dn quy hogch phat triln nguon nhan lyc Hd Ngi, sau khi idy y kiln ddnh gid ciia ngudi sir dyng tao dgng tgi Thii dd cho thdy, k> ndng nghe ciia lao dgng qua ddo tgo chi cd tren 30% dgi khd gidi, cdn gan 59% dgt logi trung binh.
Xem xet phdn bd nhdn lyc theo Imh vuc hogt dgng (hinh 1) cho thdy cdc ITnh vyc su dyng nhieu lao dgng dang la nhiing ITnh vyc truyen thong, cd ndng suat lao dgng thdp trong dd, ndng -lam - thuy tgo nghe Id 535, trung hgc chuyen ngbiep Id 1.190,
\a cao ddng- dgi hgc Id 8.355.
Tuy nhien, chdt lugng ddo tgo bdi dudng ndng cao trinh dg cho dgi ngii cdng nhan ky thugt va cdn bd qudn ly doanh ngbiep cdn nhilu bat cap. Theo ket qua khdo sdt ve tuyen dyng, nhieu doanli nghiep thgm chi chi tuyen dugc khoang 10% nbu cau nhdt la vdi nhdn lyc cd Irinh dg ky thugt. Trong sd 90
doanh nghiep tham gia cac phien giao djch viec lam sdn dang td Imh vyc kinh te sir dyng nhilu lao ddng gan day, vdi nhu cau tuyIn 3.500 Iao dgng nhung
ket qud chi tuyen dugc 312 lao dgng cd ngbl vd 78 lao dgng phd thdng. Sy thieu hyt nhdn lyc khien cdc doanh nghiep phdi tuyen ca lao dgng trinh dg cao ddng, dgi hgc vdo Idm d vj tri lao dgng phd thdng.
Doanh nghiep vira mdt chi phi ddo tgo nghi vira cd
nhat (nhieu hem 1 trieu lao dgng), thu hiit xdp >
33% lyc lugng lao dgng. LTnh vyc hogt dgng chuyen mdn gido dye ddo tgo, khoa hgc cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen thdng, tdi chinh ngan hang chi sir dyng khoang 9,2% lyc lugng lao dgng xa hgi nhung tgp trung nhilu lao dgng cd trinh dg sau dai Hinh 1: Sir d^ng lao dgng theo linh vuc hoat dgng
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Ngiic/ii: Quy lioach phai Iricn nhdn lire Hd Npi giai doan 2011- 2020
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NGHieN cuu TRflO 0(
hgc (chilm 60 % lao ddng cd trinh dg sau dgi hgc).
Dieu nay phdn dnh nhu cdu sir dyng lao dgng sau dgi hgc d cdc ITnh vye khac se tilp tyc tang, dae biet doi vdi trinh dg thgc sy. Mat khdc, phdn Idn lyc lugng lao dgng chat lugng cao tap trung d cdc vimg ngi thanh. Vimg ndng thdn trinh dg lao dgng khd thdp chd yeu chua qua ddo tgo. Ben cgnh dd, toe dg djch chuyen ca cdu lao dgng dich vy- cdng ngbiep- "dng nghiep cdn chgm. Co cau lao dgng mgt so nganh con bat hgp ly, ndng suat lao dgng trong mgt so nganh cdn thap nhu: Ndng nghigp, lang ngbl.
Ddnh gia phdn tich trong nhifng nhdm nganh nghe cd sy thieu hyt vd du thira lao dgng cho iha\' cac bat hgp Iy Id: 1) Co cdu dao tgo dang mat cdn doi cd ve trinb dg vd ngdnh nghe dao tgo. Ndng lyc dao tao dgi hgc tuong doi Idn, tuy nhien ndng lyc dao lao nghe (thg kj thugt, trung cdp, cao ddng nghe) cdn kha khiem ton; vd 2) Cdc nganh ky thugt cong nghe cao nbu vat lieu mdi, ty ddng hda, cdng nghe sinh bgc cd nhu cdu cao nhung Igi cd quy md dao tao nhd. Trong cdc ngdnh qudn ly hanh chinh, y te, van hda- nghe thugt, xd hgi- nhdn vdn, quy md dao tao vd sd lugng ngudi theo hgc cdn qua il.
4. Mot so giai phap phat trien nguon nhan luc chat lugng cao cho Thii dd Ha Noi trong thdi gian tdi
De ndng cao khd nang dap ung ngudn nhdn lyc chat lugng cao cbo Thii dd Ha Ngi nhdm phyc vu chien luge phdt trien kinh te xa bgi Tbu dd ndi rieng va cd nudc ndi chung, trudc het can phan logi cdc nhdm nhan lyc de tap trung ddo tgo vd phdt trien cdc nhdm nhan lye nay, bao gdm:
Nhan lyc lanh dgo vd quan ly hdnh cbinb nha nudc chuyen nghiep
Nhdn lyc gido vien cdc cap tir phd thdng den dgi hoc cd trinb do chuyen mdn cao, dgo diic nghe nghiep trong sdng
Nhan lyc khoa hgc-cdng nghe ddng ddo, trong do CO nhdm chuyen gia dau ngdnh cd trinh dd chuyen mdn-ky thugt luang duong cdc nudc lien tien trong khu vyc
Nhdn lyc doanh nhan, chuyen gia qudn trj doanh nghiep chuyen nghiep, cd ban ITnh, thdng thgo ky nang quan ly, kinh doanh trong nudc vd qudc t l
Luc lugng cdng nhdn ky thugt lanh nghi, dgc biet Id trong cdc ngdnh, ITnh vyc mui nhgn ddp irng yeu cau ciia xd hgi vd cac nhd dau tu
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Mgt so gidi phdp can thyc bien Id:
4.1 Tdng cu&ng hogt dpng du bdo cung cdu nguon nhdn luc chat lugng cao kip tb&i, dong bd vd ddm bdo chdt lugng tren cff s& ndng cao vai tro qudn ly nhd nu&c vi cdng tdc du bdo.
- Xdy dyng cdc trung tdm dy bdo cd quy md qudc gia bode kbu vyc vd xdy dyng cac djnh chi cy tbi de cdc Irung tam dy bdo cd the tilp can vdi cdc ca sd du lieu cdn thill phyc vy viec dy bdo.
- Xdy dyng hg thong eo sd dii lieu ve ngudn nhdn lyc va quan ly nhdn lyc thong nhdt cbo cdc don vj d cdc Sd Ban ngdnh ciia Thanh Pho (Sd LD-TB.&XH, Sd GD-DT, Cyc dgy nghe...) cdc cap cbinb quyIn tir xd phuong din thdnh pho, cdc trung tdm, trudng ddo tgo phdt trien ngudn nhan lyc, cdc doanh nghiep...
- Thanh Igp don vj ddu mdi thugc Sd Ke hoach vd Ddu lu de tilp nhan cdc thdng tin nay nhdm xac dinh cung cau nhan lyc tren dia bdn lam ca sd hogch dinh cdc phuang an ddo tao, sir dyng vd phdt triln nhan lyc.
- Hinh thdnh d cdp Thanh Phd Hgi ddng ddo tgo nhdn luc (gdm dai dien lanh dao cdc trudng DH, CD, Gido due nghe nghiep va doanh nghiep tren dja bdn, lanh dgo sd ban ngdnh cd lien quan) de giiip UBND td chiirc thuc hien, dieu chinh quy hoach vd xdy dyng cbinh sach, co che ddo tgo nhan lyc.
4.2 Hodn thien vd trien khai quy hogch lgi mang lu&i cdc co s& ddo tgo cua Hd Npi vd trin dia bdn Hd Npi.
- Chuyen djch co cau ddo tgo theo hudng tang quy md ddo tao ngudn nhan lyc chdt lugng cao phuc vy nen kinh te tri thiic trong cdc ITnh vyc ky thuat, edng nghe cao vd cac ngdnh djch vu (nha hdng, du lich, ndng Idm nghiep, y te gido dye), khoa hgc co ban. Trong ddo tgo nghe, chii trgng tyc lugng lao dgng tryc tilp cd tay ngbl cao, gidm bg phdn gian tiep. Trong dao tao dai hgc vd sau dgi bgc, chii trgng dao tgo nhflng ngudi "thdy" tbuc sy, ddi ngu tri thirc chuyen gia, can bd qudn Iy, can bd nghien ciru khoa hgc gidi.
- B6 tri quy hogch lgi mgng ludi co sd gido dye ddo tgo Ha Ndi vd tren dja bdn, hinh thdnh cdc khu dgi bgc tap trung trong dd 1 khu lgi dd thj trung tam, 5 kbu tgi phia Ddng Nam vd 2 kbu phia Ddng Bdc, dong thdi phdt triln he tbong cac trudng day nghe vd trung hgc chuyen nghiep tgi cdc quan huyen. Quy hoach phat triln, tdi thilt, cdi tgo xay dung va gian
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^ 1 'GHieN cuu TRflO DOI
cac trudng dai hgc, cao ddng, trung hgc chuyen ngbiep, dau tu phdt trien cdc trung tam nghien ciru, cac trudng ddu ngdnh vd cdc trudng truyin thong Irgng diem. Cdc co sd ddo tgo khdc se chuyen ddi thdnh cac trung lam nghien ciru, hpp tdc quoc ic ho$c ddo tgo chat lugng cao sau dgi bgc.
4.3 Ddi m&i td cbirc ddo tao nguon nhdn luc theo hu&ng tgp trung udng cao chdt lugng ddo tgo, gdn ddo tgo vdi nbu cau tbuc tien sir dung vd tru tien tgp trung boi du&ng nhdn tdi.
- Cai each cdn bdn va sau sdc hg thong gido dye quoc gia hien hdnh. Xay dyng hg thong giao dye quoc gia mdi tien tiln, hien dgi (ve to chirc, co sd
\at chat- ky tbugl, dgi ngii gido vien, ngi dung chuong trinh vd phuong phdp dgy, hgc) phii hgp vdi cac lieu cbi. chuan myc quoc ic cimg vdi xdy dyng dugc he tbong cac co sd dao tgo nhdn lyc lien lien, hien dgi, da dgng vd dong bg.
- Xdy dyng vd Iricn khai thyc hign chuong trinh bdi dudng vd ddo tgo nhdn tdi, ddc biet Id binh thdnh
\a phdt trien dgi ngu chuyen gia ddu ngdnh trong cdc ITnh vyc qudn Iy bdnh cbinh, ngogi giao vd kinh te ddi ngogi, qudn trj kinh doanh, gido dye- ddo tgo, hogt dgng khoa hgc-cdng nghg, tu vdn hogch dinh chinh sach, phdp Iy, y hgc, van hod- nghe thudt. Ddo tgo, xay dyng vd phdt trien cdc nhdm nhan lyc cot yeu trong cdc ngdnh nghe trgng diem: cdng nghe thdng tin, co khi- ty dgng hod, vat ligu mdi, cdng nghe bien, cdng nghe sinh hgc, y hgc, nang lugng, cdng nghe mdi trudng vd cdng nghe vii try.
- Hd trg cdc doanh nghiep de thyc hien ddo tgo lgi vd ndng cao chdt lugng nhdn lyc, chii trgng doi vdi cdc ngdnh kinh tl trgng diem. Td chirc cdc Idp bdi dudng de ddo tao nghe cho ngudi chua qua ddo tgo hodc cap nhgt vd bd sung kien thiic, ndng cao ky ndng, tay nghe cho ngudi lao dgng.
nhdn Ig-c chdt lugng cao di thu hut nhdn tdi, tgo dpng luc kich thich gidi phdng sue sdng tgo, trdnh tinb trgng chdy mdu chat xdm nhu hipn nay
Thi dilm thyc hign trd luong, phdn phoi thu nhgp theo ndng lyc vd kll qud cdng tdc
- Cd chhih sdeh phy cap vd ddi ngg ddc bigt (nha d, ddo tgo...) cho nhdn tyc cd Irinh dg cao, igo dieu kigii cho cdc tdi ndng ndng cao thu nhgp bdng tri tue va ndng lyc ciia minh.
- Cd CO chi dgt pha trong bo tri va sir dyng nguon nhan lyc Ird, dugc ddo tgo bai bdn, tgo dieu kien cho cdng chirc, vicn chiic Ire dugc thdng tien, de bgt, bo nhiem vdo cdc chiic vy ldnh dgo qudn ly.
- lieu chuan hda cac chirc danh cdn bg, sir dyng vd qudn ly cdn bg cdn cii vdo higu qud cdng vice thyc tl vd day mgnh cdng tdc qudng ba tuyen truyen chinb sach thu hiit nhdn tdi cua thanh pho.
4.6. Tdng cu&ng m& rpng quan hp hgp idc vdi cdc thdnh phan kinh te irong vd ngodi nu&c de thu hdt von ddu tu phdt trien nguon nhdn luc chat lugng cao.
Nhd nudc can cd chinh sach thu hiit vdn ddu tu tir doanh nghiep ddng gdp cho sy nghiep gido dye ddo tgo. Nhan rgng cac md binh ddo tgo thyc hdnh Fpl, Aptech.
Tiep tyc ddi mdi vd hodn thien mdi trudng phdp ly de md rgng vd tdng cudng hgp tac qudc te trong ddo tgo ngudn nhdn lyc chat lugng cao trong cdc ITnh vyc giao dye dao tgo, y te, hogl dgng khoa hgc- cdng nghe, tu van thiet ke, qudn ly vd kinh doanh...
Tgo dieu kien thdng thoang de tdng so lugng ngudi Vigt Nam di hgc tgp vd ldm viec d nudc ngodi gdn liin cac chinh sdcb khai thac vd sir dyng cd hieu qud sd hgc vien nay sau khi hodn thdnh cac chuang 4.5 Xdy dung, hodn thipn vd dp dgng cd hipu
qud hp thong co chi chinb sdeh su dung nguon trinh ddo tgo.D Tai lieu tham khao:
1. UBND Thdnh Pho Hd Ngi, 2012, Quy hogch phdt triln nhdn lyc Thdnh pho Hd Ngi giai dogn 2011-2020.
2. Cyc Thing ke Hd Npi, 2010, Nien giam tbong ke.
3. Cyc Thing keHd Ngi, 2011 4. Nien gidm thing ke.
5. TS, Tran Vdn Hiing, 2010, Phdt triln nguon nhan lyc chat lugng cao cho cdc trudng dgi hgc, Bdo Gido dye Tlidi dai 6. TS. Nguyen Van Thdnh, 2011, Phuong hudng vd giai phdp phdt triln nguln nhdn lyc chdt lugng cao ddp ung yeu cdu hgi nhgp vd phdt triln"; Tin kinh tl com.
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