I Nguyen Anh Tiing - N g u y e n H u y B a t I VuTaichinhcacnganhang va to chiJc tai chinh, BpTai chmh
Phat trien tiij trKdng xo so tlieo MUn liien dai, miniiiiaclivaliieuqua
H
oat dpng kinh doanh x6 sd dupc hinh thanh tif lau ddi va dupc chap nhan tai nhieu nudc tren the gidi. Mac du md hinh to chdc va qu^n ly thi trudng la khac nhau gida cac nudc nhi^g deu cd muc dfch la dap dng nhu cau giai tri cua mdt bd phan dan cu, gdp phan tao cong an viec lam cho ngUdi lao dpng va ddng gdp cho ngan sach nha nudc (NSNN).Tai Viet Nam, chi nhu'ng doanh nghiep do Nha nudc sd hCfu 100% von va duac cap giay chdng nhan du dieu kien kinh doanh x6 so mdi dUpc phep kinh doanh x6 sd. Den nay, hoat dpng l(inh doanh x6 so da dap dng duoc mpt phan nhu cau vui choi, giai tri cua ngudi dan va ngudn thu tdxo sd dupc Nha nUdc sd dung de thUc hien cac muc tieu phat trien ve y te, giao due va phuc Ipi xa hpi cong cong. Tuy nhien, hoat dpng kinh doanh nay dang bpc Id mpt sd tdn tai, bat cap nhu loai hinh x6 sd thu cong vdi phuong thdc in va phan phdi ve thu cong, lac hau, tiem an nhieu rCii ro trong to chdc kinh doanh van chiem thi phan tuyet ddi tren thi trudng, dan tdi viec thi trudng x6 sd Viet Nam lac hau so vdi cac nudc khac tren the gidi; tinh trang Ipi dung ket qua x6 sd de to chdc kinh doanh Id, de bat hpp phap ngay cang gia tang dac biet trong bdi cSnh phat trien khoa hpc cong nghe.Vi vay can thiet phai codjnh hudng, giai phap phat trien thitrudng x6 sd theo hudng hien dai, minh bach va hieu qua trong thdi gian tdi.
Tir khoa: Kinh doanh x6 so, phat tren x6 so minh bach va hieu qu^, xo sd vui choi cd thudng.
Lottery business has long been established and permitted in many countries around '^
• the world. Although there are plenty of differences about the organizational model and market management among nations, the lottery is still a form of entertainment, contributing to create jobs and the state budget.
In Vietnam, only enterprises with 100% state-owned capital and have certificate ' of eligibility for lottery business are allowed to launch this type of business. In recent years, lottery business has met people' entertainment needs and lottery revenue has ' been used by the State to implement development goals in health, education and public '• welfare. However, this type of business has started revealing shortcomings and ' limitations such as manual lottery with potential risks has the largest market share,
leading to the Vietnamese lottery market being outdated as compared to other countries; the situation of taking advantage of lottery results to organize illegal activities
• is increasing, especially in the context of scientific and technological development.
• Therefore, it is necessary to create orientations and solutions to develop the lottery I market towards modernity, transparency and efficiency
Keywords: Lottery business, the transparent and effective development of the lottery market ,
' ^ . . . , . „ - . . , . - , , - ^ „ . . , . _ ^ , ^ . , . „ . „ , . „ _ , . _ _ ™ ^ - . ^ . ^ . . ^ — - ^ « - ~ - ^ '
Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 • Thang 2/2020
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Ngayni]gn bai: 03/01/2020
Ngay nhan ptian bien, Sani\ gia va ^^a chQa: 13/01/2020 i^gay duyet dang: 15/01/2020
1. C<i sd ty luan va tac dong cua hoat dong kinh doanh xo so
Xd sd xuat hien tren the gidi tir kha lau dudi hinh thuc so khai nhat la trd choi Keno cua ngudi Trung Qudc cd Ijch su gan 2.500 nam. Tuy nhien, do xd sd la mot loai hinh vui choi giai tri cd thudng mang tinh may rui ma vice xac dinh thang, thua trong trd choi dupc can cu vao su ngau nhien thdng qua quay sd md thudng; each thiic tham gia choi don gian, de dang nen ngudi choi neu ham me qua muc se cd rui ro ve nhung benh ly ve tinh than, the chat, rui ro khanh kiet tai san va ciing cd nii ro trong viec vi pham quy tac dao dire, tac ddng xau den trat tu, an toan xa hdi... Vi vay, mac dii dupc hinh thanh tir lau ddi nhimg den cudi the ky 19, xd so bi cam hoac bi Nha nudc kiem soat chat che tai hau het cac nudc tren the gidi.
Den nhung nam dau the ky 20, trudc nhiing tac dpng tieu cue tu boat dpng kinh doanh nay bdi khdng cd su quan ly, dieu tiet cua Nha nudc, Chinh phu cac nudc hk dau xay dung va hoan thien khung khd phap ly va co nhirng bien phap quan ly;
dieu tiet boat ddng kinh doanh nay cho phu hop vdi dac diem, nhu cau va quy md thi trudng cua mdi quoc gia, trong dd giai quyet hai hda, hieu qua cac mdi quan he giiia ngudi choi, doanh nghiep va co quan quan ly nha nudc.
1.1. Doi vdi ngirdi choi
Moi ngudi deu yeu thich nhiing con sd hoac CO nhirng con sd mang y nghia may man (co the la ngay, thang, nam sinh cua ban than hoac c6 the la nhiing ngay dac biet mang y nghia ky niem...) va hp thudng lua chpn khi choi xd sd. Khi tham gia choi, hp khdng nhiing dat niem tin, ky
vpng vao su may man khi bdrasd tien nhd cd the mang lai co hdi tning cac giai thudng, ma cdn dat su tin hrong, ky vpng CO ckn giai thudng hSp din va viec thanh toan khi trung thudng dupc nhanh chdng, thuan tien va bao mat thdng tin. Ve phia co quan quan ly nha nudc, ngudi choi mong mudn CO quan quan ly nha nudc lua chpn doanh nghiep dupc cSp phep kinh doanh phai la nhung doanh nghiep cd uy tin, kinh nghiem trong quan ly, kinh doanh; cd tiem luc ve tai chinh va tuan thu mpi quy dinh phap luat ciia Nha nudc. Ddng thdi, ngudi choi Cling mong mudn cac quy dinh phap luat vh quyin va loi ich hpp phap dupe phap luat bao ve khi tham gia cac loai hinh san pham xd sd.
1.2. Boi vdi doanh nghiep kinh doanh xo so
Cac doanh nghiep kinh doanh xd sd, dac biet la cac doanh nghiep tu nhan, mong muon CO quan quan ly nha nudc dieu hanh thi trudng nhat quan, cong bang, minh bach; cac co che, chinh sach (ve dau tu, kinh doanh, dieu kien cap phep, thdi gian boat dpng, td chuc hoat ddng kinh doanh, phuong thdc phan phdi san pham...) dupc ban hanh nhat quan va it thay ddi trong thdi gian dau tu, kinh doanh; chinh sach thui ddi vdi hoat ddng kinh doanh nay dupc ap dung d muc phii hpp de dam bao thdi gian thu hdi vdn dau tu va cd lai; cac quySn va loi ich hpp phap cua doanh nghiep dupc phap luat bao ve.
Mat khac, de cd the canh tranh dupc vdi cac doanh nghiep khac tren thi trudng (doanh nghiep kinh doanh dat cupc hoac doanh nghiep xd sd khac), doanh nghiep phai khdng ngimg xay dung danh muc sin pham, phuong thirc phan phdi san ph^m
Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020
phong phu, da dang theo quy dinh cua phdp luat, phu hop nhu ciu va thi hiiu cua ngudi choi vdi ky vpng dap ung nhu ciiu ngay cang cao cua ngudi choi thudng xuyen va thu hut, hap dan cac khach hang tiem nang.
1.3. Doi vdi Cff quan quan ly nhd nu&c Kinh doanh xd sd khdng chi mang lai hieu qua kinh te cao ma cdn mang lai led ich cho xa hpi va tao ngudn thu cho NSNN dh dupc cac quoc gia sii dung vao viec giai quyit cac van de phuc loi xa hpi va cong d6ng. Vi vay den nay, nhiSu qudc gia tren the gidi da cho phep kinh doanh rdng rai cac san pham xd sd bang viec xay dung khung khd phap ly chat che dh: (i) Dap img nhu cau vui choi giai tri chinh dang cua mpt bd phan ngudi dan, ddng thdi dam bao quyen va loi ich hpp phap cua cua ngudi choi; (ii) Tao edng an viec lam va thu nhap cho ngudi lao dpng; (iii) Tao ngudn thu dh thuc hien cac muc tieu phat triin y ti, giao due, the thao va phuc loi xa hpi cong cong;
(iv) Tang cudng quan ly, giam sat hoat dpng kmh doanh nay tir khau eSp phep, td chiic hoat dpng kmh doanh, kiim tra, giam sat va xii phat vi pham hanh chinh, dac biet trong boi canh khoa hpc edng nghe, internet va cac phucmg thiic thanh toan phat triin manh me nhu hien nay; (v) Han chi va timg budc day lui cac te nan xa hdi phat sinh tir hoat dpng kinh doanh hkt hpp phap.
Mac du dupc quan ly chat che, song xd so la loai hinh vui choi giai tri di choi, hSp din Uong xa hdi nen tdn tai hoat ddng kinh doanh hai phep (dac biet la d cac quoc gia dang phat diin) lam nay sinh nhiing te nan xa hdi va tac dpng xau din thuan phong my tuc, y thiic dao diic xa hpi va nhan pham ngudi choi. Ngoai ra, do tam ly "an thua"
ciia mpt bp phan ngudi choi cd thi dSn din
hien tu»?ng ham me qua miic va cd tac dpng tieu cue din ngudi choi nhu kha nang can ddi tai chinh, hanh phiic gia dmh cua ngudi choi, tiim kn gia tang eac te nan xa hpi va Nha nuoc cd thi phai ganh chju nhiing chi phi di khic phuc.
2. Kinh nghiem qudc te trong to chufc kinh doanh xo sd
Theo sd li^u ciia Hiep hpi x6 sd thi gidi (WLA), din nay da cd 149 qu6c gia va vung Ianh thd cd td chuc kinh doanh xd sd va la thanh vien cua Hiep hdi nay.
Doanh thu thi trudng xd s6 toan cku trong nam 2017 cua cac thanh vien Hiep hpi xd sd thi gidi dat 283 ty USD, tang 3,2% so vdi thuc hien nam 2016 va du kien din nam 2020 dat 356 ty USD vdi tdc dp tang trudng doanh thu hing nam tren 8%'. S6 tien ddng gdp vao cac quy phiic Ipi xa hdi khoang 86 ty USD dh thuc hien cho cac chuong trinh an sinh, xa hpi.
Ve CO cau doanh thu theo loai hinh san pham xo sd, trong sd 283 ty USD doanh thu xd sd cua cac thanh vien Hiep hdi xd sd the gidi, xd sd dien toan (Lotto, Eurojackpot, EuroMillions, Mega Million, Powerball, Keno va Bingo...) chiem ty trpng myet ddi trong CO cau doanh thu (53,7%); xd sd biet ket qua ngay diing d vi tri thii 2 (25,2%), cac loai hinh xd sd the thao theo phuong thiic tra thudng cd dinh va tra thudng bien ddi theo doanh thu chiem ty le lan lupt la 13,8% va 7,3% doanh thu x6 sd toan the gidi^.
Sd lieu cua Hiep hpi xd sd the gidi cho thay, xd sd la mdt nhu cau giai tri thuc te va ludn tdn tai trong mpt bd phan ngudi dan va da fro thanh mdt nganh cong nghiep dup-c cac qudc gia tren the gidi cong nhan.
Nhdm tac gia da lua chpn nghien ciiu thi
World Lottery Association, the year 2018 in review.
World Lottery Association, the year 2018 in review.
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trudng xo sd tai 8 quoc gia den tir cac chau luc khac nhau, cd nen kinh te khac nhau (gdm Hoa Ky, Anh, Uc, Singapore, Malaysia, Trung Qudc, Thai Lan), trong do cd mpt sd qudc gia cd nen kinh te tuong dong vdi nen kinh te Viet Nam. Kit qua nghien cuu cho thay, de quan ly thi tnidng thi trudng xd sd hieu qua, cong khai, minh bach, cac nudc thudng ban hanh bd luat chuyen nganh ve xd sd, trong do quy dinh cu the ve san pham, phuong thuc phan phoi san pham, md hinh quan ly nha nudc, dinh hudng, quy hoach thi trudng, phan bd ngudn thu tir xo sd... nham tang hieu luc phap ly va dam bao viec kiem soat boat ddng kinh doanh nay mpt each chat che.
2.1. Han chi sd Iwffng doanh nghiep dirffc phep kinh doanh
Chinh sach nay nham han che ve quy md phat triin thi trudng trong timg thdi ky phii hpp vdi djnh hudng, quy hoach phat triin kinh ti - xa hpi; cac chinh sach dupc cac nudc ap dung phd bien: (i) Cho phep doanh nghiep thupc sd huu nha nudc kinh doanh dupc cdp phep kinh doanh (Trung Qu6c chi CO 01 doanh nghiep nha nudc dupe phep kinh doanh xo sd); (ii) Cho phep cac thanh phan kinh te khac kinh doanh xo so nhung khong che sd lupng doanh nghiep kinh doanh bang cac rao can ky thuat hoac dau than giay phep (Singapore va Hdng Kdng - Trung Qudc cd 01 doanh nghiep vira kinh doanh xd sd va kinh doanh dat cupc the thao); (iii) Mdt so nudc cd dia ly rpng thi cho phep cac thanh phan kinh te Idiac ngoai cac doanh nghiep nha nudc kinh doanh (nhu d Uc, Hoa Ky, Canada... cap phep cho doanh nghiep d cap
tiiu bang, mdi tiiu bang cd 01 doanh nghiep thupc sd huu nha nudc va tu nhan duoc cip phep kmh doanh).
' 2.2. Quan ly tap trung vao mot dau moi HSu hit cac nudc diu thanh lap mdt bp phan chuyen traeh quan ly boat ddng kinh doanh nay. Md hinh phd bien nhat la thanh lap cac liy ban gidm sat chuyen traeh doc lap hoac mot don vi thudc co quan ciia Chinh phu. Mo hinh nay nham^ dam bao cac muc tieu sau: (i) Thong nhat quan ly nha nudc tu xay dung ca che chinh sach, cSp phep, kiim tra, giam sat hoat ddng kinh doanh; dinh hudng, quy hoach boat dpng kmh doanh nay theo dung chu hirong phat triin cua Nha nudc trong tung thdi ky tren co sd trien khai ddng bd viec xay dung va hoan thien khung kho phap luat, kha nang quan ly di dam bao kiem soat chat che boat ddng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep; (ii) Han chi su chdng cheo trong quan ly va traeh nhiem dieu hanh thi trudng giiia cac co quan quan ly nha nuoc.
2.3. Gi&ihan sdnph&m vd phucmg thvtc phan phdi san pham duac phep kinh doanh
Hien tren the gidi cd nhieu loai hinh san pham xd sd khac nhau^ mdi loai hinh san pham lai cd nhieu san pham va each thiic choi khac nhau'' va nhieu phuong thiic phan phdi san pham khac nhau (ban ve qua thiet bi dau cudi, qua dien thoai, internet...). Kinh nghiem qudc te cho thay, tuy timg chinh sach va kha nang quan ly cua mdi nudc, viec cho phep kinh doanh xd sd cd the chi han che ddi vdi mdt sd loai hinh xd sd (xd sd theo ma tran, xd sd theo day sd) hoac toan bp cac loai hinh san pham xd sd (xd so cao biet ket qua ngay.
3 X6 so cao biet ket qua ngay, xo so theo day so, xo so theo ma tran, xo so truyen thong, xo so cong ich, xo so huu tri, Keno...
4 Xo so nna tran (co cac loai hinh san pham nhu6/36,6/45,6/55,7/49...); xo so theo day so (co cac loai hinh san pham nhU 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D...); Keno, Bingo; xo so truyen thong (xo so in ve trupc vPi 5 chQ so, 6 chCr so, 7 chCr so...); xd so cao biet ket qua ngay theo chiJso, bieu tUdng, hinh anh trung khdp
6 6 I Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thdng 2/2020
x6 s6 theo day sd, xo sd theo ma tran, xd s6 truyin thing, xd sd cong ich, xd sd huu tri, Keno...); mpt sd nudc cd the cho phep phan phdi san pham true tuyen tren Internet (lihu xo sd Euromillions d chau Au, PowerBall d Hoa Ky...) va md rpng dia ban kinh doanh khdng chi nam trong pham vi ciia mpt qudc gia ma dupc trai rpng tai nhieu qudc gia trong khu vuc (nhu Euromillions d chau Au); tuy nhien mpt sd nudc ciing cam viec phan phdi nay.
ECinh nghiem qudc te cho thay miic dp hap din eua san pham xd sd true tuyen gdp phan quan trpng vao viec han che cac hoat dpng kinh doanh trai phep. Khi ngudi choi con bi thu hiit bdi cac trd choi cd thudng trai phep thi cdn tdn tai thi trudng bat hop phap. Vi vay, can nghien ciiu xay dung cac san pham xd so, phuong thiic phan phdi san pham phii hpp vdi dieu kien td chiic quan ly, giam sat hoat ddng kinh doanh nay; nhu cau va kha nang chap nhan cac san pham nay ciia ngudi choi.
3. Dinh hu'dng, giai phap pliat trien thi tru'dng xo sd theo hu'dng hien dai, minh bach va hieu qua
3.1. Thirc trang thi trw&ng xo so tai VietNam
3.1.1. Khung khd phdp ly Viet Nam da cd hanh lang phap ly tuong doi hoan thien ddi vdi cac boat dpng kinh doanh xd sd d cap nghi dinh cua Chinh phu nham quy dinh cu thi vi td chirc kinh doanh xd sd; dap ling yeu cau quan ly hoat dpng kinh doanh ngay theo diing dinh hudng phat trien ciia Nha nudc, ddng thdi tang cudng hieu luc, hieu qua quan ly nha nudc tren ca ba phuong dien: The che chinh sach, quan ly, giam sat va xii ly vi pham.
3.1.2. Td chuc thi trudng
(i) Sd luong doanh nghiep vd md hinh td chuc thi trudng
Hien nay ea nudc cd 64 cong ty xd sd, trong do CO 63 edng ty x6 so kiin thiit kinh doanh cac san pham xd sd truyin thdng hoat ddng tai cac dia phuong do liy ban nhan dan tinh, thanh phd true thudc Trung uong lam chu sd hiru va Cdng ty traeh nhiem hiiu han mdt thanh vien xd s6 dien toan Viet Nam (Vietlott) kinh doanh cac san pham xd sd dien toan do Bp Tai chinh lam ehii sd hiiu. Cac cdng ty kinh doanh xd sd dupe boat ddng theo md hinh doanh nghiep nha nudc sd huu 100% vdn. Trong do cd 63 cdng ty xo sd kien thiet kinh doanh eac loai hinh xd sd thii cdng bao gdm: Xd sd truyen thdng; xd so tu chpn sd thu edng va xd so biet ket qua ngay theo dia ban timg khu vuc^ thdng qua he thdng dai ly xo sd va ngudi ban dao. 02 cong ty kinh doanh xd sd dien toan gdm: (i) Vietlott kinh doanh xo so dien toan tai dia ban 51 tinh, thanh phd va tien tdi md rdng dia ban kinh doanh tren ca nudc; (ii) Cdng ty traeh nhiem hiiu han mpt thanh vien xd so thu do cd thi diim kinh doanh san pham traeh nhiem hiru ban trong pham vi dia ban thanh phd Ha Npi tir nam 1999 den nay.
San phim traeh nhiem hiru ban hien dang dupe ban qua thiit bi dau cudi tai cac diem ban ve.
(ii) Ket qud kinh doanh
Giai doan 20U - 2018, thi tvaang xd sd ludn ed su tang ttudng vdi tdc dp tang tnrdng doanh thu va nop NSNN binh quan trong giai doan nay la 10,87% va 10,61%.
Tuy nhien, thi trudng cd su chenh 16ch Ion vi doanh thu va nop NSNN giiia cac mien
Khu vuc mi^n Bac gom 28 tinh, thanh pho trUc thupc Trung UOng tif Ha Giang den Ha Tinh; khu vuc mien Trung gom 14 tinh, thanh pho true thupc Trung uong tir Quang Binh 6in Ninh Thuan, D4k Nong; Khu vUc mien Nam gom 21 tinh, thanh pho trUc thuoc Trung Udng tif BinhThuan, Lam Dong, Binh Phudc den Ca Mau.
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trong ca nuac va giua cac loai Ilinh san pham xo so. Cu thS:
Ve loai hinli san pham xo so: Den nam 2018, loai hinh xo so thii cong (gom xo so truyen thong, xo so cao, hoc biet ket qua ngay va xo so 16 to)* chigm 95,73% thi phan; xo so tu chon so dien toan la loai hinh su dung cong nghe tien tien, minh bach' chi chiem CO 4,27% thi phan. Loai hinh xo so thu cong luon chiem ty trpng tuyet doi va CO xu huong ngay cang tang do doanh so tieu thu tai khu vuc mien Nam ngay cang
cao, trong khi tai khu vuc miSn BBc va mien Trung khong thuc su phat frien.
Phan hoa Ion giOa cac khu vuc: Doanh thu x6 s8 khu vuc miSn Nam nam 2018 (voi 21 cong ty) chiam 87% doanh thu toan thi trucmg, binh quan mSi cong ty xo so k i k thiSt trong khu vuc dat doanh thu 3.940 ty d8ng/nam. Trong khi do, khu vuc miSn B5c la khu vuc co s6 luong cong ty xd so kiSn thiSt Ion nhit (28 cong ty) va ciing la khu vuc co dan s6 nhieu nhat so voi cac khu vuc khac tren ca nuac, tuy nhien
Hinh 1. Cff cau loji hinh sin pham x6 s6 tren toJn quoc nam 2018
Toau Qaoc
12,10% _ , _ ^
XSsddien-/ ^
Khu virc mien Bac
Xflsfi
iruy^n Khu vijc mien Trung
iRjyen IhOng
Khu VIIC mien Mam
Nguon: V^ Tdi chinh cdc ngdn hdng vd to chiic tdi chinh, BQ Tdi chinh
Day Id loai hinh sCr dung cong nghe lac hau (in ve trudc), chi phi phat hanh cao va bi loi dung ket qua xo so de cac chu de kinh doanh cd bac, 16 de bat hop phap.
Duoc Cong ty xo so kien thiet thii 36 kinh doanh thi diem tir nam 1999 tren dja ban thanh pho Ha Npi va Vietlott kinh doanh tP nam 2016 tren dia ban 51 tinh, thanh pho tinh den thai diem thang 12/2019,
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Kinh t^ tai chinh Viet Nam / So 1 - Thang 2/2020hiSu qua kinh doanh lai thap nhat (doanh thu cua khu vuc dat 3.473 ty dong, chiem ty le 3,7%). Khu virc mi8n Trung (14 cdng ty) CO doanh thu dat 5.105 ty ddng, chiem 5,4% doanh thu thi tnrdng xd so toan qudc.
Du kiin sd thu tu xd sd trong thdi gian tdi tiip tuc tang trudng do: (i) Kinh te cua Viet Nam giai doan nay tang trudng dn dinh (6,5 - 7%/nam); (ii) Doanh thu ban ve x6 s6 kiin thiet va ty le tieu thu ve dat muc tang trudng kha, do doanh thu va so nop NSNN tai thi trudng khu vuc mien Nam tiep tuc tang trudng cao (chiem ty trong khoang 90% ca ve doanh thu va sd nop NSNN ca nudc); (iii) Vietlott tiep tuc md rpng dia ban kinh doanh xd sd dien toan hen pham vi ca nudc, bd simg phuong thuc phan phoi ve va phat hanh them mot sd san pham xosd mdi.
3.1.3. Tinh trang loi dung ket qud xd sd de kinh doanh Id, de bdt hop phdp
Cung vdi su phat trien cua cdng nghe va sir ra doi cua cac cdng cu hd tra (internet, dien thoai thdng minh, may tinh bang...) nen ngay cang xuat hien nhieu hoat ddng CO ban chat chu yeu la Id, de bat hop phap nhung van dang td chiic len lut vdi quy md va phuong thuc hoat dpng ngay cang tinh vi de tranh su quan ly cua co quan quan ly nha nudc. Dac diem cua loai hmh Id, de bat hop phap nay la ty le tra thudng cao do khong phai nop thue, cho phep ngudi choi tra tien sau, tham chi cho ngudi choi vay tien de choi; hinh thdc va phuong thuc ghi so de ciuig tinh vi va phuc tap gay khd khan cho cac co quan chuc nang trong qua hinh dieu tra (su dung cac quy udc rieng de ghi de, den true tiep hoac thdng qua dien thoai...). Cac hoat ddng nay neu khdng duoc quan ly se phat sinh nhieu he qua phiic tap cho xa hpi. Hien tai chua cd so lieu va danh gia chinh xac ve quy md tlu trudng bat hgp phap nay. Tuy nhien, theo mot sd vu an da ducrc co quan cdng an triet pha gan day, quy md thi trudng nay udc
doan la tuong duong vdi quy md thi frudng xd sd.
3.2. Phat trien thi tru&ng xd sd theo hw&ng hien dqi, minh b^ch vd hieu qud Tu cac phan tich tren day, nhdm tac gia de xuat mdt sd dinh hudng, giai phap nham phat tnhn thj trudng xd sd theo hudng hien dai, minh bach va hieu qua sau:
Trudc thuc trang nhu ciu tham gia xd sd cua mpt bp phan ngudi dan va ngay cang tang cao, can tiep tuc nghien ciiu, xay dung, hoan thien khung khd phap ly va co che quan ly, giam sat chat che hoat dpng kinh doanh nay. Kinh nghiem qudc te va thuc ti tai Viet Nam cho th4y, ckn thiit phai ban hanh khung kho phap ly du manh (luat chuyen nganh ve trd choi cd thudng bao gdm cac ITnh vuc ve xd so, casino, dat cupfc va trd choi dien tu cd thudng), trong do quy dinh ro dieu kien td chiic kinh doanh, cac loai hinh san pham, phuong thuc phan phdi san pham, dieu kien va ddi tuong duQfc phep tham gia, cac quy dinh ve giai phap quan ly ngudi choi va traeh nhiem cua cac co quan lien quan trong viec quan ly, giam sat nganh kinh doanh nay nhim han che nhiing anh hudng tieu cue ddi vdi xa hpi.
Kinh nghiem cua cac nudc cho thay, viec thanh lap co quan chuyen traeh nhSm quan ly thi trudng xd sd noi rieng va vui choi cd thudng ndi chung la can thiit va la yiu t6 quan trpng trong quan ly va phat triin diing hudng nganh, nghe kinh doanh nay. Co quan nay ckn co vi tri phu hgp nhSm dam bao dua ra quyet dinh hieu qua, nhanh chong; tham muu cho cac cap CO thSm quyin trong dinh hudng, phat triin hoat ddng vui choi cd thudng;
la dkn moi vdi cac co quan quan ly nha nudc va thuc thi phap luat trong viec quan ly, giam sat thi trudng nham giai quyit kip thdi, hieu qua cac van de phat sinh trong thuc ti ciing nhu dam bao phat huy cac tac dpng tich cue va giam thieu cac tac ddng tieu cue tii hoat dpng kinh doanh nay.
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Chuong trinh vui choi co ttach nhiem tieu cue dSn xa hoi nhu: Thann lap quy ein duoc xay dung va thuc thi, bao g6m giUp nhirng nguoi nghien co bac c nhimg giai phap giiip nguoi choi kiSm soat nghien, ho trg viec lam cho nguoi sau cai duac miic do va su dam me thai qua cua nghien ca bac; thanh lap cac trung tam tu nguoi chcfi. Ngoai ra, Chinh phu cto can vin ho trg cai nghien co bac... Ben canh nhac su dung mot phin ngu6n thu tir hoat do, cong tac thong tin Uiyen truyen can dgng kinh doanh xo s6 va vui choi co duge diy manh dl giao due nhan thirc kiem thuong dS chi cho cac chuong ninh choi c6 soat hanh vi cua ngudi tham gia cac loai
traeh nhiem nhim giam thiSu cac tac dgng hinh vui chai co thuang ®
Tai lieu tham khao.^
Tieng Viet
1. Bao cao tai chfnh cua cac cdng t y xd sd cac t i n h , thanh p h d trUc thudc Trung UOng.
2. Nguyen Hoang Duong (2017), Dinh hUdng phat trier) nganh vui chcti cd thudng d Viet Warn, De tai nghien cdu khoa hpc cap BpTai chinh.
3. Vien Han lam khoa hoc xa hdi Viet Nam (2015), Bdo cdo tdm tat ve nghien cdu nganh vui chai cd thifdr}g tai Viet Nam.
Tieng Anh
4. Boardman, B. and Perry, J. J. (2007), Access to Gambling and Declaring Personal Bank- ruptcy, Journal of Socio-Economics, 36(5), pp. 789 - 801.
5. Brad Humphreys, Levi Perez (2014), Lottery Participants and Revenues: An International Survey of Economic Research on Lotteries, Working Paper No. 2011-17, Unuversity o f Alberta, Faculty of Arts, Department of Economics.
6. Grinols, E. (1995), Gambling as Economic Policy: Enumerating Whay Losses Exceed Gains, Illinois Business Review 5 2 : 6 - 1 2 .
7. KPMG (2010), Online Gambling - A Gamble or sure bet?.
8. National Opinion Research Center (1999), Gambling Impact and Behavior Study:
Report to the National Gambling impact Study Commission, Chicago.
9. Tuan,T. (2013, 3 W), Khdi to nhdm danh bac bang hmh thdc Id de, N g u o n t i n m d i : http://www.tinmoi.vn/khoi-to-nhom-danh-bac-bang-hinh-thuc-lo-de- 0n245235.html.
10. U.S. Government Accountability Office (2000), Impact of Gambling: Economic Effects More Measurable than Social Effects.
11. Vaughan Williams, L. and Siegel, D. (2013), The Oxford Handbook of The Economics of Gambling, The Oxford Handbook o f t h e Economics o f G a m b l i n g , Oxford University Press.
12. World Lottery Association, The W^MG/obfl/lottery Data Compcnd/um 2018.
13. World Lottery Association, The Year 2017 in Review.
14. World Lottery Association, The Year 2018 in Review.
7 0 Kinh te tai chinh Viet Nam / S6 1 - Thang 2/2020
