KHOA H O C - C 0 N G N G H $ i
PHUDNG PHAP XAY DUNG BO TRONG SD CHO BQ TIEU CHI DANH GIA THI CdNG NHANH CONG TRINH CAU
T6m tat: Trong nghi§n cCeu cac giii phip kit ciu va cdng ngh$ thi cdng nhanh cdng trinh ciu t^i TP. H6 Chi Minh, mdi phtrong in kit ciu (nhjp, m6, try hay mdng ciu) vi cdng ngh$ thi cdng tien tiin deu co nhijng uu vi nht/Qfc diim nhit djnh khi so sanh trin quan diim thi cdng nhanh. £>i dem giin hda trong so sinh va danh gii tSng hgp giiia cac phuvng in. cic tic gii da s(> dyng phep cqng tuyen tinh (li ^ng dc diSm so nhan v6i tn?ng s6 ciJa cic tieu chf). Nghiin CCFU nay da di c$p sO- dijng phiFcmg phip phin tich hi thong phan cip (AHP) nhim xiy dyng bO trgng s6 cho bo tieu chi thi cdng nhanh cong trinh ciu, 'lugng hda' dch dinh gii ting hop dc phuong in kit ciu du vi cdng nghi thi cdng thdng qua j?
kiin cOa nhiiu chuyin gia.
Tif khoa: SO trgng s6, Tiiu chi thi cdng nhanh,
Cdng trinh ciu, TP. Hd Chi Minh. , Abstract: In the research of structural
solutions and accelerated bridges construction technologies in Ho Chi Minh City, each structural alternative (bridge span, abutment, pier or foundation) and advanced construction technology has its advantages and disadvantages when compared in view of accelerated bridges construction. To simplify in the comparison and evaluation synthesis between the options, the authors use a linear sum (the total of points multiplied by it's weight of each criterion). The study mentioned using analytic hierarchy pnycess (AHP) to build the weight of the criteria for rapid construction of bridges, and "quantified" the integrated assessment of structural bridge alternatives and construction technologies through tfje
opinion of many experis. . Keywords: Weights, Criteria of Accelerated
Bridges Construction, Bridge, Ho Chi Minh City.
LMd'OAU
De tdi "Nghien cu>u giai phdp kit cau va cong nghg thi cdng nhanh cdng trinh clu tai thanh phi Ho Chi Minh" [1] vdi npi dung nghien eCru tong hpp e^e gidl phdp k i t clu va cdng nghg thi cdng nhanh (TCN) cdng trinh d u tren the gidi va d Vigt Nam, dp dyng sdng tgo vao dilu kign ty nhidn, dilu I S6 6 nam 2016
TS. NGO CHAU PHyONG BO mdn Cau Hdm tardng Dai hpc Giao thdng vdn tai
TS. NGUYEN TRONG SOU H A Cdng ty Co piian UTC2 ThS. BUI X U A N c y a N G Sd Giao thdng van tai TP. Ho Chi Minh kien thi cdng va dae ^em he thong giao thdng tgi TP. H I Chi Minh. TCr dd lya chpn ra nhO-ng giai phdp kit d u vd cdng nghd thi cdng tidn tien phu hpp cho muc tieu rut ngdn dang ke thdi gian thi edng tgi edng trudng trong thi cdng cac cdng trinh d u tren dja ban TP. Ho Chf Minh.
Moi dang kit d u d u (nhjp, mo, tru hay mdng d u ) vd edng nghe thi edng dupe dua ra dlu ed nhung uu nhupc dilm nhat djnh khi so sdnh ttdn quan dilm TCN. De so sdnh vd ddnh gid ting hpp giira cde giai phdp nghidn cuu, cae tac gid da xdc lap b^ cic tiiu chi thi edng nhanh cdng trinh d u diing ehung eho danh gia so sanh tat ca cac glai phap, trong dd moi tieu chi dupc gdn vdi mpt trgng so the hien muc dp uu tien tuong doi giCra cdc tidu ehf vdi nhau.
Vige xde djnh gid tn bO trpng s l cdc tidu chi ddnh gid thi cdng d u nhanh khdng t h i dupc dua ra bdi y kien chu quan cua mgt so it tac gia, ma quan trpng cdn quan tam den y kien tham gia cua nhieu ehuyen gia trong ngdnh vdi ede quan diem ddnh gid eung rat khac nhau. VI vay vigc tinh toan bO trpng s l cho cdc tidu chi phai Id ket qua tong hop khach quan eua tat ca cde y kien chuyen gia tham gia ddng gdp Id rit d n thilt cho nghidn ciru de tdi. Kit qud tinh todn bp trpng so cae tieu chi cdn lam co sd ho trp eho vide lya chgn cdc gidi phdp uu tidn cho nhOng nghidn ciru k i t d u vd cdng nghg thi cdng nhanh edng trinh d u .
2. c a S d PHyoNG P H A P TJNH B O T R O N G S 6 Ap dyng thugt toan Phan tich hi thong phin cap AHP (The Analytic Hierarchy Process) de xdc Igp bO trgng s l eho cac tidu ehf ddnh gid so sdnh trong cdc giai phdp TCN cdng trinh d u tgi TP. Ho Chi Minh.
AHP dupc gidi thidu bdi Thomas L. Saaty (1980), Id mOt cdng ey hidu qua cho doi phd vdi viec ra quylt djnh phirc tgp, bdng cdch giai quyet vdi mOt logt cdc so sanh cgp. AHP tgo ra mOt trgng s l cho moi tieu chf vd giiip long cd hai khia cgnh chu quan va khdch quan ve mgt phan quylt [3].
©iiii@
WMggg KHOA H O C - C O N G NGHE
Qua trinh tinh toan bg trgng so w, (i = 1, n) cho n cdc tieu chl trong d l tai TCN bao gom 4 budc: (1) Tham khdo 'if kien ehuydn gia k (k = 1, m) blng each so sanh tirng cgp eua t i t cd cdc tidu chi, vd thiet ldp cdc ma tt$n so sanh cap; (2) Kilm tra tinh nhat qudn eua cac ma trdn so sdnh cgp qua tt Id nhlt qudn CR; (3) Xae Igp ma ttan so sdnh tong hap; vd (4) Tfnh toan vector trgng sd w.
2.1. Tham khdo y k i l n chuyen gia
De ddnh gid sy uu tien cua 1 tidu ehf nay so vdi 1 tieu ehf kia trong bO tidu ehf TCN, chuyen gia tien hdnh so sdnh tirng egp tidu chf ridng bipt trdn mire thang do 9 diem, chi ra sy quan ttgng d n thiet thdng qua tlm dnh hudng uu tidn tuong doi giira 2 tieu ehf (Bang 1).
Gia trj ciJa a 1 3 5 7 9
Giai thfch j vd h Id quan trgng ngang nhau j la hoi quan trpng hon h y la quan trgng hon/7 j Id quan trgng mgnh h a n h j la tuygt d l i quan ttgng hon h
phu hop cua vi|c ddnh gia ttiyc hipn bdi cac chuydnv^
gia khi xdy dyng cac ma ttgn so sanh egp A . KJ thudt nay dya ttdn cac tfnh todn cua mOt ty so nhit quin CR phd hpp. Ddc biet nlu CR ^ 0,1 nghTa 1^
nhirng mdu thuan Id chap nhgn dupe, vd mOt itet qud ddng tin cdy cd the dupe dy kien tir AHP; ngupc lgi sy nhdn djnh la ngau nhidn, d n dupc xir ly Igi.
Ty^ so nhat qudn CR dupc xac djnh:
CR = CI
RI (2)
Bing 1. Bing diim s6 so sanh tuong doi (iuu y cac gii trf 2, 4, 6, 8 ii trung gian giua cic gii
trj 1. 3, 5. 7, 9)
Kit qud Id thilt lap dupc ma tran so sanh egp A^ eua chuydn gia k (k=1, m). Moi phan tir a^ cOa ma ttgn A.^ dgi di#n cho 1 tlm quan ttpng cua tidu ehf thO-y iien quan din tidu ehf thu h. Neu a > 1, tire Id tidu chf thiry quan trpng hon tieu chi ttiu h, trong khi nlu a^^ < 1, t h i hign tidu ehf thuy it quan trpng hon so vdi tieu chi thir h. Nlu hai tieu chi quan trgng nhu nhau thl a^^ nhgn Id 1. Cdc phan tu a^ va a^^ dap irng rang bupc:
• ' « * a „ = i (1) Rd rang, a^ = 1 cho t i t cdy.
2.2. Kilm tra tinh nhat qudn cua ma tran so sdnh cgp
Khi nhilu so sdnh cgp eiing dupe thye hign, mOt s l mau thuan cd thl phdt sinh. MOt vi dy nhu sau: Gia su 3 tidu chi dupc xem xdt, tidu c^f 1 Id hoi quan ttgng han tidu chi 2, trong khi tidu chf 2 Id hoi quan ttgng hon so vdi tidu chf 3. MOt sy mdu thuan hien nhidn phdt sinh nlu chuydn gia danh gid rang tieu ehf 3 Id blng hoac quan trgng hon tidu ehf 1. IVIgt khde, mOt mdu thudn nhd phdt sinh nlu chuydn gia ddnh gid tidu chf 1 cung hoi quan ttgng han tidu chf 3. MOt ddnh gid phu hpp sd la tieu <^f 1 quan ttgng hon so vdi tieu ehf 3.
AHP kit hpp mOt ky thudt hiOu qua de kiem tra sy
mm
vdi: Cl (Consistency Index) la ch? s l nhlt qudn, do ludng mue dO chgc^ hudng nhat qudn. MOt quyet djnh hodn toan phO hpp nen ludn ludn cd dupe Cl = 0, nhuhg gid trj nhd cDa sy mau thuin cd t h l dupc dung thd'. Cl dupc xdc djnh theo cdng thirc:
C / ^ ^ - " " " " (3) n - l
Trong do, K^^^ gpi Id gid trj ridng Idn nhat, lay blng gia tn tmng binh cda vector nhat qudn; va n Id so cdc tidu chf.
Rl (Random index) td Chl so ngiu nhien, Virc Id cdc chi so ttiong nhlt khi cac phin tCr cua A Id hoan todn ngau nhidn. Cac gid tti cua Rl eho van d l nii6 (n s 10) dupe the hign trong Bang 2 dupc dua ra b&i Saaty, T L , 1980 [3].
li
m
2 0
3 0.58
4 0.90
5 1.12
6 124
7 1.32
8 1.41
9 1.«
M UI Bang 2. Gia trj cOa chl so ngiu nhlen (Rl) cho vin
dinhd 2.3. Xdc l$p ma tr$n so sanh tong hp'p Ma trgn so sanh ting hpp Ag dupe xde lap dya tr§n phuang phdp phdn tfch hd thing phan d p trong ra quyet dinh nhdm (AHP-GDM). Hign nay, phuang phdp tmng binh nhin dupc irng dyng khd pho bl6n trong tap hpp tat cd cdc y kiln eua tirng chuydn gia trong mgt nhdm ra quylt djnh.
Sau khi kiem tta ma trgn so sdnh cdp A^ cd ty s l nhSt quan thda man CR<10% ttii dua vdo ttnh ma ttin so sdnh tong hpp A- trong dd ede phin tir a^ dupc x^c djnh theo cdng thu'c (do Aezel vd Saaty, 1983):
''.=[n:..''..f
(4)tire Id, cdc phan tO ciJa ma trdn so sdnh ting hpp A|
id tmng binh nhdn cua cdc phin tir tuong irng cCia m ma trdn so sdnh cgp A^ vdi m </ kiln chuydn gia.
2.4. Tinh toan vector trpng so w
Trong AHP, bO trgng so mong muln lidn quan din cdc tieu chi TCN dupc tinh theo phuong phdp chuin hda ma trdn, trong do cdc thanh phan cua vector uu tidn ludn dupc chuin hda Qe cd ting bang 1. Tiln
sd 6 nam 2016 I
KHOA HOC - CONG NGHf MKBMg trinh cua phuong phap chuin hda ma trdn dupc
thyc hien nhu sau:
Tinh tong gia trj tirng cOt cua ma tran so sdnh tong hop A^.
Chia tirng thanh phan trong ma trdn so sanh tong hpp A,^ vdi tong ept tuang irng (kit qua dupc ma tran so sanh tong hpp chuan hda).
Tinh tong tirng hdng cua ma trdn chuan hda.
Chia tong tirng hang cho tong cua t i t ed cac hang dupc vector trpng sd mong muon toan cue w tuang irng vdi bO tieu chi.
3. PHyaNG PHAP XAY OyNG B p TRONG S6 CHO BO TIEU CHi O A N H GlA THI C O N G " NHANH C 6 N G TRiNH CAU TAI TP. H 6 CHl MINH 3.1. Thu thap phieu tham khao y k i l n cdc ehuyen gia
BO tieu ehi TCN cdng trinh d u tgi TP. Hd Chi Minh trong de tai [1 ] dupe cac tac gia de xuat gom 08 tidu chf nhu sau (Sang 3):
STT 4 6 6 7 8
V.-J hieu TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8
Ten tieu ciii danii gia GiS thanh xay dyng My quan An loan lao dpng Tac dong den moi tnjong Tai su dung
STT 1 2 3
Ky hi^u TCI TC2 TC3
Ten tieu chi danh gia Thoi gian thi cong t?i cong truong Tac dong d^n giao thong Phil hop voi dieu i(ien TP, hiCI\/i
Bang 3. Cic tieu chi TCN cong trinh ciu Nhdm nghien ciru de tai da thu thap philu so sdnh cap cac tieu chi in sdn tham khdo y kiln cua cac chuyen gia hang ddu trong ITnh vyc giao thdng van tai am hieu dilu kign TP. Ho Chi Minh d cac trudng dgi hpc, viOn nghien eiru, cac don vj sdn xuat vd ede thanh vien trong nhdm nghidn cuu idm nguin tdi lieu de tfnh todn. MOt tinh toan se dupc tien hanh d day d l lam rd co ehe eua AHP dupe dp dyng d l xdy dyng bO trpng sd cdc tieu chi TCN cdng trinh d u tai TP. Ho Chi Minh.
3.2. K i l m tra tinh nhat quan cua cac phieu tham khdo
De rut ngdn eho trinh bdy vd ttnh todn, nhdm nghien ciru da rut ngau nhien mpt bp phieu tham khao chuyen gia gom 08 phleu, kit qua thing ke ede phieu tham khao va ty so nhat qudn CR tinh dupc ghi trong Bang 4.
Cac cap s o sanh
J
Thai gian thi c6ng tai cong tru'dng (TCI)
Tac dong dgn giao thong (TC2)
PhCi h(?p v6i di^u kieu Tp. HCIVI (TC3)
ft TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TOO TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TG7 TG8 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8
Ket quci danh gia cua Chuyen gia thu' k 1
7 3 3 7 3 3 9 1 1 3 3 1 5 5 5 5 5 5
2 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 2 2 3 3 1 2 2 3 3
3 1/2
2 3 2 1 2 3 1 3 1/2
2 1 3 2 2 1/2
1 2
4 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 1 3 1 1 1 2 1/2
5 1/2
3 2 5 1/5 3 7 7 3 5 1/5
5 8 1/6 2 1/7 1/4 3
6 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 1 2 1/2
7 1/2 3 2 5 1/2
3 7 7 3 5 1/2 5 8 1/6 2 1/4 1/4 3
8 1 1 2 2 1/2
2 3 1 2 1 1/2
1 3 1 1 1/3
2 1/2
I s6 6 nam 2016
m i l KHOA HQC - C O N G N G H $
C i c cap so sanh Gia thanh xay di^ng (TC4)
My quan (TC5)
An t o i n iao d^ng (TC6)
TBH/IT (TC7)
TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8 TC6 TC7 TC8 TC7 TC8 TC8 Ty 50 nhat quan CR(%)
KSt qua danh gia cua Chuyen gia thi> k 3
1 1 5 1 1 1 1 5 5 7.83
1 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 2 1 1.28
1/2 1/2 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 7.41
1 2 3 1 1 2 3 1 2 2 6.90
4 1/7 1/2 5 1/9 1/5 2 7 9 6 9.02
1 2 1 1 1 2 3 2 3 2 5.92
4 1/4 1/2 5 1/6 1/5 2 6 9 7 7.62
1 1/3 3 1 1/4 2 3 1 2 2 8.71 Sang 4. Sdng gh/ kit qui thing ki ma trin so sinh dp va kiim tra t^ s6 nhit quin CR Nhdn xet Bing 4: Vdi kit qud tfnh ede Q? so nhit
quin CR(%) dlu < 10% ghi nhgn cdc ma trgn so sdnh egp eiia cdc ehuydn gia Id nhlt qudn.
3,3. Xdc Igp ma trgn so sanh t i n g hp'p Xdc lap ma trgn so sanh tong hpp A^^ trong dd cac phin tCr a^ nhgn dupc tir cdng thu-c (4) cd dgng:
Kit qua tfnh cua cdc phan tir a^ dupc ghi trong Bang 5.
3.4. Tinh todn vector trong sd w
Thyc hi^n phep chuan hda ma trgn, chia tOng thdnh phin tnang ma trgn so sdnh ting hpp A^ {Bing 5) vdr tong cOt tuong irng, k i t qud dupc ma trdn so sdnii ting hap chuin hda dupe ghi trong Bing 6.
Sau cimg tien hanh chia tong tirng hdng eho t5ng cQa tit cd eac hang, k i t qua thu dupc vector trgng s l todn cue w mong muon:
w = [0.2091 0.1829 0.1066 0.1080 0.0849 0.1733
0.0890 0.0462r (6)
Ten tieu chi danh gia Thb'i gian thi cong tai cong tnjo'ng (TCI) Tac dpng d^n giao thflng (TC2) PhO hyp v6i dieu l<i#n Tp. HCM (TC3) Gia thanh xSy dg-ng (TC4) My quan (TC6) An toan lao dpng (TC6) Tac dOng den moi inj-fi-ng (TC7) Tai SU" dyng (TC8) Tdng c$t
Gia trj phan tut a„ cua ma tr|ln so sdnh tong h9'p TC1
1.000 1.017 0.618 0.430 0.323 1.105 0.394 0.227 5.006
TC2 0.983 1.000 0.564 0.511 0.583 0.978 0.536 0.236 5.389
TC3 1.958 1.774 1.000 1.174 0.578 1.423 0.777 0.644 9.328
TC4 2.328 1.958 0.852 1.000 0.672 1.596 0.760 0.437 9.603
TC5 3.094 1.716 1.729 1.488 1.000 1.796 0.970 0.445 12.237
TC8 0.905 1.023 0.703 0.627 0.557 1.000 0.501 0.277 5.592
TC7 2.539 1.871 1.286 1.316 1.031 1.996 1.000 0.395 11.435
TC8 4.409 4.236 1.553 2.288 2.246 3.615 2.530 1.000 21.876 Bing 5. Bang ghi kk qui tinh cac phin tCr a, cila ma tran so sinh tSng htpft
mim
S4 6 nam 20161KHOA HQC-CONG NGHE I I I I I
Ten tieu chi danh gia Th&i gian thi cong tai Ctru-ang ( T C I ) Tac dpng den giao thong (TC2) Phil hp'p vpi dieu kiSn Tp. HCM (TC3) Gia thanh xay dirng (TC4) My quan (TC5) An toan iao dpng (TC6) Tac dOng ddn moi tru'ong (TC7) Tai six dung (TC8) Tong cac hang
Gia tli ph^n tu- a^ cDa ma fran so sanh tong hp'p chuan hoa TC1
0.200 0.203 0.102 0.086 0.065 0.221 0.079 0.045
TC2 0.183 0.186 0.105 0.095 0.108 0.181 0.099 0.044
TC3 0.210 0.190 0.107 0.126 0.062 0.153 0.083 0.069
TC4 0.243 0.204 0.089 0.104 0.070 0.166 0.079 0.046
TC5 0.253 0.140 0.141 0.122 0.082 0.147 0.079 0.036
TC8 0.162 0.183 0.126 0.112 0.100 0.179 0.090 0.060
TC7 0.222 0.164 0.113 0.115 0.090 0.175 0.088 0.035
TC8 0.202 0.194 0.071 0.105 0.103 0.165 0116 0.046
Tong hang 1.673 1.463 0.853 0.864 0.679 1.386 0.712 0.370 8.000 Bang 6. Bing ghi ket qua tinh cac phin tu cua ma tr$n so sanh ting hgfp chuin hoa STT
1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8
Ky hieu T C I TC2 TC3 TC4 TC5 TC6 TC7 TC8
Ten tieu chi danh gia Thoi gian thi c6ng tai c6ng tnrang Tac dpng d6n giao thong Phu hpp voi dieu kien Tp. HCM Gia thanh xay di^ng My quan An toan lao dpng Tac dpng dgn moi tru-ong Tai SLF dung
Cpng:
Gia trj cac trpng so 0.209 0.183 0.107 0.108 0.085 0.173 0.089 0.046 1.000
Thu' tu' U'U ti^n 1 2 5 4 7 3 6 8
Sang 7. Cic gii trj cua bg trgng s6 cac tieu chi TCN 4. K^T LUAN
4.1. Dya trdn kit qud cdc phieu tham khao cua mdt nhdm ehuyen gia, dp dyng thuat toan AHP ta thu dupc vector trong s l todn cue w mong muon (6) Id gid tri cua bO trpng s6 cdc tidu chi TCN (Bang 7), nd cung the hien dupc quan diem ddnh gia thir ty uu tien cac tidu chi TCN cua nhdm chuydn gia dd.
4.2. Phuang phap xdy dyng bp trpng s l cho bd tieu chi ddnh gid TCN cdng trinh d u tgi TP. Ho Chf Minh dp dung thuat todn AHP la mOt cdng cu hieu qud cho vide tinh todn bp trpng so da tidu chf, bdng cdch gidi quylt vdi mgt logt cdc so sdnh cap, giup long cd hai khia cgnh chu quan va khdch quan v l mdt each danh gid. Ngodi ra, AHP kit hpp mdt ky thugt hiru feh de kiem tra sy phii hpp cua ddnh gia chuydn gia, do dd lam gidm sy thidn vj trong qua trinin ra quyet djnh.
4.3. Xay dyng bp trpng s6 cho da tieu chi ddnh gia TCN cdng trinh d u theo phuong phdp thuat todn AHP cdn cho phep tong hpp sy danh gid eua nhieu chuydn gia v l thir ty uu tidn cdc tieu chi thdng qua gid tn thye eiia bp trpng s6 cdc tidu chi ddnh gid TCN •
T A I L I ^ U THAM K H A O
[1]. Bdo cdo kit qud d l tdi khoa hpc "Nghidn cthj giai phap ket cau vd cdng nghg thi cong nhanh cac cdng trinh cau dipdng bO t^i TP. Ml Chi Minh" - 2015 (theo Hpp ding s l 73/2013/HD-SKHCN ngdy 31/5/2013 giira Sd Khoa hpe vd cdng ngh# TP. H i Chi Minh vd Dgi hpe Giao thdng vdn tdi - Co sd II).
12]. Bdi giang: Cfng dyng GIS trong ddnh gid thfch nghi dat dai. 2013. Nguyen Duy Lidm.
DH Ndng Lam Tp.HCM.
[3]. Saaty, T.L., 1980. "The Analytic Hierarchy Process". McGraw-Hill, New York.
[4]. Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. Saaty, TL. Int. J. Services, Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 1,2008, pp. 83-98.
I S6 6 nam 2016
