Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Applied Sciences

Microwave healing performance of asphalt mixture containing electric arc furnace (EAF) slag and graphene nanosheets (GNPs). Microwave curing performance of asphalt mixture containing electric arc furnace (EAF) slag and graphene nanosheets (GNPs).Appl.

A Review of Nanomaterials’ Effect on Mechanical Performance and Aging of Asphalt Mixtures

Introduction

The objective of this review is to analyze the effects of modification with nanomaterials on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixture. First, the effects of changes in the properties and rheology of the modified bitumen are summarized, and then the effects of changes in the mechanical properties of the asphalt mixture and their contributions to aging resistance are analyzed.

Nanomaterials 1. Type of Nanomaterials

Their properties such as reactivity and high specific surface area can have an important influence on the properties of the asphalt binder. The dry mixing method consists of using high-speed stirring to disperse the nanomaterials in the asphalt binder matrix.

Figure 1. Mass of 2.50 g of limestone filler under 0.063 mm (left) and nanosilica (right).

Effect of the Modification with Nanomaterials in the Asphalt Binder

79] studied the effects of modifications with organically modified nanoclay and nanosilicon on the properties of asphalt binder PG 58-28. On the one hand, the effects of nanomaterial modifications on low-temperature performance are not fully understood and deserve further investigation.

Effect of the Modification with Nanomaterials in the Mechanical Performance of Asphalt Mixtures 1. Nanosilica

The modified mixture presented a 24% increase in Marshall stability (Figure 2) and a 26% increase in the dynamic stability number (rutting test). With 4% NC modification, the authors reported 9% increase in indirect tensile strength (Figure 8), 15% average increase in dynamic modulus, 25% increase in elastic modulus (Figure 12) and 59%.

Figure 3. Indirect tensile strength of control and nanosilica modified asphalt mixtures.

Aging Resistance 1. Asphalt Binder

Figure 15 shows the aging sensitivity of the parameters considered by the authors and under both aging methods. 100] studied the effects of aging on the indirect tensile strength (ITS), in dry and wet (conditioned water sensitivity) conditions, of the asphalt mix using the LTOA and TEAGE methods.

Figure 13. Retained penetration and softening point increment of two nanomodified binders [34].

Cost Evaluation

Concluding Remarks

Effect of ultraviolet aging on rheological properties of organically intercalated layered double hydroxide modified asphalt.Constr. Evaluation of the durability of asphalt concrete modified with nanomaterials using the TEAGE aging method.Constr.

Laboratory Assessment of Deteriorating Performance of Nano Hydrophobic Silane Silica Modified Asphalt

• Materials 1. Asphalt
• Characterization and Performance Testing 1. Freeze-thaw Aging Procedure
• Results and Discussion 1. Basic Property Test Results
• Conclusions

At the same time, under the action of the dynamic moisture pressure caused by repeated action of the vehicle load, the asphalt film gradually falls off the aggregate. From TGA curves of all the asphalt samples, the following parameters were calculated for further understanding of the effect of NHSS on the thermal properties of asphalt under the F-T aging process:.

Figure 1. Research plane flowchart.

Assessing the Effect of Nano Hydrophobic Silane Silica on Aggregate-Bitumen Interface Bond Strength

Materials and Sample Preparation 1. Asphalt

The water molecules can be physically covered on the surface of the particles or chemically bonded to the hydroxyl groups on the Si atoms. The nanohydrophobic silane silica is obtained by grafting silane coupling agent on the surface of nanosilica to perform surface modification. The surface modification method of nanohydrophobic silane silica is outlined as follows: the X group in the silane coupling agent first undergoes hydrolysis by contact with moisture, and then forms a temporary oligomer by dehydration condensation.

The initial decomposition temperature of silane hydrophobic nano silica was obtained by grafting the silane coupling agent onto the surface of.

Aggregate-Bitumen Interface Bond Strength Test 1. Test Equipment

In the aggregate-bitumen interface bond strength test, the test mold is an important part that should be designed independently. The test specimen immersed in the water is to evaluate the influence of moisture on the aggregate-bitumen interface bond strength in the spring thaw season. After each aggregate-bitumen interface bond strength test, a layer of asphalt binder remained on the surface of the test mold.

The test equipment, test specimen preparation, and cleaning of the aggregate-bitumen bond strength test specimen were presented in the previous section.

Figure 2. Adhesive failure and cohesive failure at the aggregate-bitumen interface.

Results and Discussion

This indicates that NHSS can improve the shear strength of the aggregate-bitumen interface of asphalt in the spring-thaw season. Fit results of the relationship between the shear strength of the aggregate-bitumen interface and the moisture content of the interface. Figure 14 shows the adaptation curve of 10◦C residual shear strength between aggregate and bitumen of BA with interfacial moisture content.

Fitting curve of 10◦C residual aggregate–bitumen interfacial shear strength of BA with interfacial moisture content.

Figure 7. Tensile strength and shear strength of aggregate-bitumen interface for base asphalt (BA) and NHSS modified asphalt (NHSSMA) at different temperature.

Materials and Methods 1. Materials

To ensure a homogeneous mixture of the GNPs in the asphalt binder, images were taken with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Vega3, TESCAN, Czech Republic). The softening point results for the top and bottom sections of the pipe are shown in Table 4. The binder rheological parameters, such as the complex shear modulus (G*), phase angle (δ) and Superpave groove factor (G*/sinδ), were determined using an Anton Paar Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR).

A British pendulum skid resistance tester was used to study the skid resistance of asphalt.

Table 1. The properties of Graphene Nano-Platelets (GNPs).

Results and Discussion 1. Conventional Testing Results

The results show an improvement in the rut resistance of the asphalt after the addition of the GDPs. A British Pendulum Skid Resistance Tester was used to obtain the BPNs of the asphalt samples. The reduction in skid resistance due to the polishing of the asphalt surface (caused by the continuous movement of the wheel) is also less for GNP-doped asphalt.

In the case of unmodified asphalt, the reduction in skid resistance was about 47%.

Figure 6. The Master Curve for the Complex Modulus at 50 ◦ C. GNPs = Graphene Nano-Platelets.

Conclusions

By including the GNPs, the percentage reduction in skid resistance from polishing decreased from 47% to 27%. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Civil Engineering Department of the University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila. Research on the rheological properties of asphalt binder with graphene nanoplatelets, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering.

In Proceedings of the 95th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, USA, 10–14 January 2016.

Effect of Chemical Composition of Bio- and Petroleum-Based Modifiers on Asphalt

Results

On the other hand, K-modified binder (ReOB) has the lowest ΔTc, which is far beyond the acceptable thresholds suggested in the literature [20]. For the selected range of G* at RTFO (inset Figure 7a) aged condition, K-modified binder has the lowest δ with clear difference compared to other binders. The remaining binders have higher δ values ​​than K-modified binder and are close to each other.

In Fig. 8b, the evolution of the GR parameter for G-modified binder suggests a higher aging resistance compared to S5.

Figure 2. FTIR spectra for modifiers from (a) 600–4000 cm −1 ; (b) 1000–1800 cm −1 ; and (c) 2700–3200 cm −1

Discussion

However, there was no improvement in the relaxation properties of the modified binder with increasing amount of modifier K in the mixture. At UA condition, G-modified binder was the stiffest and after 2PAV and 3PAV it was the softest binder; what is desired. However, mechanisms of change in modulus for G-modified binder after aging need to be investigated.

The superior rheological properties of the G-modified binder can be attributed to the presence of high nitrogen content (9.0% in the G modifier), which consists of nitrogen-based compounds such as amines.

Summary and Findings

Author Contributions: All authors have read and agree to the published version of the manuscript. Investigating the Effects of Recycled Motor Oil Bottoms on Asphalt Field Performance Following an Oxidation Modeling Approach. Pet. In Proceedings of the E&E Congress 2016, 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, 1–3 June 2016.

Development of long-term aging protocol for implementing the Illinois Flexibility Index Test (I-FIT); Illinois Center for Transportation: Rantoul, IL, USA, 2019.

An Assessment of Moisture Susceptibility and Ageing Effect on Nanoclay-Modified AC Mixtures Containing

Materials and Methods

The moisture sensitivity of compressed AC mixtures was evaluated by the indirect tensile strength ratio (ITSR) considering unaged and aged conditions (TEAGE procedure). The TEAGE method was used to simulate the aging of asphalt mixtures in the laboratory [29]. Thus, UV radiation and moisture damage will be important mechanisms related to asphalt pavement aging.

Figure 4 shows the effect of UV radiation on the coloring of the AC mixture samples.

Figure 1 presents the aggregate gradation as well as the gradation limits.

Results and Discussion 1. Volumetric Characterisation

Compared to the ITS of the control AC mixture, the plastic-modified AC mixture presented an increase of 12%, and the plastic-nano-clay modified AC mixture presented an increase of 5%. The result of the aging effect on the modified plastic-AC mixture is not obvious. Thus, the results obtained from the modified AC mixture should be considered conservative.

Analysis of the influence of the use of recycled polystyrene as a substitute for bitumen on the behavior of asphalt concrete mixtures.

Figure 5. Bulk density and air voids content results for each AC mixture and set of specimens (dry/wet and unaged/aged).

Evaluation of Rheological Behavior, Resistance to Permanent Deformation, and Resistance to Fatigue of

SBS Polymer

Results and Discussion

Thus, according to the results obtained in the empirical characterization of the binders, better performance is expected with respect to the permanent set for the mixtures SBS 60/85 and 3% NC+2% SBS. In general, the positioning of the bends indicates a higher stiffness for the modified asphalt mixes. Similarly, the phase angle results were also effective in predicting the performance hierarchy of the blends with respect to resistance to permanent deformation.

In this sense, an increase in the thickness of the 3% NC+2% SBS modified surface is necessary in order to find an equivalent performance of these two mixtures.

Table 6 shows the design binder contents obtained for the mixtures.

Microwave Healing Performance of Asphalt Mixture Containing Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) Slag and

Materials and Mixture Design 1. TiO 2 Powder

Table 1 shows the basic properties of Part B with the test method according to the ASTM specifications [15]. The test results of the basic properties of the aggregates are summarized in Tables 3 and 4. Each aggregate was tested separately to meet the requirements of the material specifications in China [17,18].

Then, all the above materials were supplied to make all the tested asphalt mixture samples in a 30 × 30 cm wheel track test mold using the Marshall design [18].

Experimental Design

To calculate the spatial distribution of light intensity, lamp efficiency, luminance distribution and shading angle, etc. the spatial arrangement is simplified as a mathematical geometric model (see Figures 3–5 below). By analyzing the experimental data, we can conclude that with increasing amount of nano-TiO2, the rate of decomposition of the exhaust gases of the asphalt mixture increases. As the amount of nano-TiO2 increased, the degradation rate curves of both were almost flat.

The degradation rates of four types of harmful exhaust gases at different light intensities are shown in Figure 9.

Life Cycle Assessment for the Production Phase of Nano-Silica-Modified Asphalt Mixtures

Literature Review and Definitions 1. Life Cycle Assessment

Several experimental studies have been conducted to determine the effect of nanomaterials, especially nano-silica on the properties of asphalt mixtures. 36-40] also made similar studies on the effect of nano-silica on binder and asphalt mixtures. Table 1 summarizes the review of previous studies on the characterization of nano-silica modified asphalt binder.

Author Type of nanomaterials Effect on asphalt binder and mixtures [32] Nano-silica Improves self-healing of HMA.

Methodology

In this study, an FU of 1000 kg production of asphalt mixtures modified with nanosilica has been assumed. Aside from ozone depletion, the modification of asphalt materials with nanosilica contributes less to global warming per 3 weight percent of nanosilica asphalt binder production. Modifying asphalt materials with nanosilica causes an impact score increase of less than or equal to 1% per unit across all impact categories.

Optimal content of nano-silica to ensure proper performance of an asphalt binder. Pad matter