Pham Van Vi/dng
Quy trinh day hoc tich hdp theo mo hlnh STEIVI tai mpt so trifolng trung lipc phd thong tinh Thai Binh tliong qua mon Vat li
Pliam van Vtldng Tnlflng Trung hpc pho thong Phu DiJc Thi tr^i ft" B^'' ti^ven Ou^nh Phu, i h Thai Sinh, Vl|t Nam Email: phamvuongquynhphu@9mail com
TOM TAT: ChUOng tnnh Giao dgc pho thdng nim 2018 da va dang dUdc trien khai thuc hidn cd nhiiu Uu viet, thic day vlec thde hidn giio due ve khoa hgc, cong nghe, kTthuit vi toin hgc (STEM) trong chuong trinh giio due phd thdng hidn nay, tang cudng giio due cac kTnang co bin, kiin thde, tu duy sing tao vi kha nang thich dng vdi cic yeu ciu cija Cich mang cdng nghiep 4.0. Day md hinh STEM ti'ch hop d trudng trung hoc thdng qua mdn Vat Use gdp phan thay dii tich cue trong viec hinh thanh vi ning cao ning lUc cua hgc sinh de giup chuyen doi manh me trong qui trinh giing day tU tiep can ngi dung sang tiip can ning lUc de phit tnen ning lUc cua hoc sinh.
T Q KHOA: Mo hlnh STEM; tich hdp; trUilng trung hoc phd thong; mon Vat li.
-> Nhan bai 12/8/2019 •» Nhan ket qua phan bien va chinh sila 10/9/2019 -^ Duyet dang 25/10/2019.
1. Dat van de
Chirong trinh (CT) Giao due ph6 thong (GDPT) nam 2018 da va dang duac trien khai mang nhieu tinh uu viet va CO sir sap xep lai cac noi dung kien thiic. Nhung kien thirc cu khong phu hgp da diroc luoc bot va thay vao do la cac nOi dung kien thuc mang tinh ung dung thuc tien, dac biet la nhfing ki^n thuc pho thong dugc ung dung trong ITnh vuc y hgc, tniyen thong tin lien lac, bao ve moi truong. Co su chuySn bien manh me trong qua trinh day hgc tir tiep can npi dung sang each tiep can nang luc, nham phat huy nang lire Clia hgc sinh (HS), tir hpc de biet sang hgc de van dung vao cuoc song. De c6 su chuyen bien manh me trong GDPT, day hgc tich hgp (DHTH) va DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a trucmg THPT la mot xu hucmg tat yeu trong doi moi can ban, toan dien due (GD), dae biet la dap ung CT GDPT mcri 2018. DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a trucmg trung hge pho thong (THPT) thong qua mon Vat li da va dang dugc thuc hien nhimg nam gan day voi nhieu hinh thuc.Tuy nhien, hieu qua ciia DHTH theo mo hinh STEM vin chua dap ung dugc yeu cau ciia GDPT hien nay. Viec thiSt ke quy trinh DHTH theo mo hinh STEM o trudng THPT thong qua mon Vat If nham ning eao hieu qua day hgc dap ung yeu cau doi moi GD trong giai doan hien nay thi can phai: Nang cao hieu biet cho dgi ngu can bg quan li (CBQL) va giao vien (GV); Xay dung quy trinh DHTH theo mo hinh STEM phu hgp voi dac diem ciia mon hge, ngi dung day hge, doi tugng HS; Da dang hoa ngi dung, hinh thiic, phuong phap va kt thuat day hgc va kiem tra danh gia ket qua hgc tap; Lfng dgng cong nghe thong tin trong DHTH theo mo hinh STEM 0 tnrcmg THPT thong qua mon Vat li.
2 . N p i d u n g n g h i e n cxiu
2/1. Thifc trang day hpc tich hdp theo mo hinh STEM d mpt so truilng trung hoc pho thong tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon VatIi
2 . 1 . 1 . Thilc trang nhan thulc cua can bo quan It, giao vien ve day hoc tich Ildp theo mo hinh STEM cl mot so trdifng trung hoc phd thong tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li
De tim hieu thirc trang DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a truang THPT thong qua mon Vat li, chiing toi da tien hanh d\ku tra 12 CBQL va 35 GV day mon Vat h thugc 4 trucmg THPT (Truang THPT Phu Due, Truong THPT Tien Hung, Trutmg THPT Quynh Thp, Truang THPT Nguyin Diic Canh) tren dia ban nghien ciiu, khao sat (xem Bang 1 va Bang 2).
B^ng 1 : Cac nguon thong tin giup CBQL, GV co hieu biet ve DHTH theo mo hlnh STEIVI 6 cac TrUcing THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mdn Vat li
QJ^^^I^^^^^^^^^I
Thong qua tap huan cua Bo GD&DT Thong qua tap huan cua S6 GD&DT Thong qua bSo, tap chi GD Thong qua truyen hinh Thong qua tim hieu tren intemet Chua biet
0 0 9 12 19 7
0,00%
0,00%
19,15%
25,53%
40,43%
14,89%
Bang 1 cho tliSy, da s6 CBQL, QV day Vat li da tim liieu va DHTH theo mo hinh STEM ft tniong THPT thong qua mon Vat Ii. Tuy nhien, viec tim hilu nay chii yen duai goe dp dS biSt chii chua duoc tham gia cac ictp tap huin va thuc te dl hilu bilt mot each day dii.
Tir Bang 2, ehiing toi thiy, phSn Ion CBQL va GV co nhan thiic ro rang vl su "eta thilt va rat cSn thilt" phai DHTH theo mo hinh STEM ft truong THPT thongquamon
So'22 thang 10/2019 109
N G H I E N c a u THUCTIEN GIAO DUC
Bang 2: Nhan thilc cua CBQL, GV ve tam quan trpng ciia DHTH theo mo hinh STEM d cac triiclng THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mdn Vat li
Bang 3: Thilc trang thUc hien DHTH theo mo so truilng THPT tlnh Tlial Binhthongquamon
hinh STEMS mat vat II
^^^^g/^^^^^^^^^^^
Rat quan trong Quan trpng Binh thutfng it quan trong Khong quan trong Tdng
9 15 9 8 6 47
19,15%
31,91%
19,15%
17,02%
12,77%
100%
Vat li dk phat trign nang luc cua HS va dap ling^ ySu cau d6i mai GD trong giai doan hien nay.Tuy nhien, vin con ca biet mpt so GV o tmong THPT do tu6i cao, ngai doi mai phuang phap day hpc, ngai tidp can cong nghe.
2.1.2. Thae trang thifc hien day hoc tich hdp theo mo hinh STEM ol mgt so trirdng trung hoc phd thong tinh Thai Binh thdng qua mdn Vat li
Bk tim hiSu thuc trang thuc hien DHTH theo mo hinh STEM 6 mot so trudng THPT thong qua mon Vat li, chiing toi tiSn hanh khao sat cac d6i tugng la CBQL, GV day Vat li tren dia ban khao sat voi kit qua (xem Bang 3).
Qua khao sat thuc trang thuc hien DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a trucmg THPT hien nay cho thiy, viec thuc hien DHTH theo mo hinh STEM o miic dp rlt thuang xuyen va thuang xuyen chua duac thuc hien. Khi tim hieu thuc tk cac bai day va tiet day, chiing toi thSy trong qua trmh day hpc mon Vat li, cac GV da thuc hien tich hop cac npi dung kien thiic trong qua trinh giang day (noi mon, lien mon, long
ghep cac chii dk co tinh thuc ti6n) do cOng la mpt phan cua STEM khuyet nhung no chua dupc thS hien ro.
2.1.3. Thi/G trang npi dung day hoc tich hdp theo mo hinh STEM d mot sd trddng trung hqc phd thfing tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li
Chiing toi ti6n hanh khao sat thuc trang cac ngi dung duoc day theo mo hinh STEM a trucmg cac truong THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li thu dugc kk qua nhu sau (xem Bang 4).
Qua s6 lieu khao sat o Bang 4, chiing toi thay, DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a truang THPT thong qua moii Vat li dlu da dupc thuc hien d miic do thinh thoang va hiem khi, chii ygu la chua bao gia thuc hien. Co thi thky, viec DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a trucmg THPT da dupc thyrc hien, nhung cac miic do thuc hien rat thip.
2.1.4. Thuc trang phiTdng phap day hoc tich hdp theo mo hinii STEIVI d mpt so trddng trung hoc phd thong tinh Thai Binh thong qua mdn Vat li
B^ng 4: Thiic trang npi dung DHTH theo md hinh STEIVI d cac trirdng THPT tinh Thai Binh qua mon Vat li
Rat Uniting luycn Thifjing xuyen Thinh thoang Hiem khi Ticti hdp STEM thong qua giai quyet van de trong
thuc tien 0%
Tich hop STEM dinh hildnq thuc hSnh tronq mon ^
Vat ii 0%
0%
0 0%
4.55%
2 4.55%
11.36%
5 11,36%
84.09%
37 84 09%
Tich htip STEM iam viec nhom gifla cac HS
Tich hdp STEM tao nang itldng mdi
Tich hdp STEM theo cac chu de hudng nghiep
Tich hdp STEI^ het kiem nang iUdng
75.00%
75 00%
110 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GiAO DUC VIET NAM
Pham van Vi/flng
Chung toi tiln hanh khao sat thuc trang su dung cac phuong phap DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cac truang THPT tinh Thai Binh trong mon Vat lia cac trucmg THPT tinh Thai Binh. Kit qua khao sat cho thay da s6 cac GV tren dia ban khao sat chua t6 chiic DHTH theo mo hinh STEM Ihong qua mon Vat li nen cac cau hoi deu thu dupc ket qua la chua sii dung chilm da s6. Mpt so GV to chiic theo STEM chi d miic d6 thinh thoang va hilm khi.
2.1.5. Thde trang phddng tien day hpc tich hdp theo md hinh STEM d mpt so trddng trung hpc pho thong tinh Thai Binh thong qua mdn Vat li
Cliung toi tiln hanh khao sat thuc trang su dung cac phucmg tien DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cac truang THPT linh Thai Binh trong mon Vat li 6 cac trucmg THPT tinh Thai Binh va ket qua cho thay DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cac truang THPT vimg Duyen hai Bac Bo thong qua mon Vat li con it nen viec sii dung cac phuang tien day hgc trong DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a truang THPT Ihong qua mon Vat li cung a mtic dp ban che.
2.I.G. Thde trang hinh thu'c td chdc day hoc tfch hdp theo md tiinh STEIVI d mdt sd tri/dng trung hoc phd thong tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li
Hinh thiic DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cac truang THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li duac thuc hien a miic do rat thap nen hinh thiic ciing chi dan gian la day hgc tren lop ca biet thinh thoang, hiSm khi duac sur dung theo cac hinh thiic tich cue nham phat trien nang luc nguai hpc con da so la chua thuc hien.
2.1.7. Thde trang kiem tra danh gia ket qua day hpc tich hdp theo md hinh STEM d mot sd trddng trung hgc phd ihdng tinh Thai Binh thdng qua mdn Vat li
Cac truang THPT tren dia ban chiing toi khao sat van chua to chiic DHTH theo mo hinh STEM thong qua mon Viit ll nen vi&c kifim tra, danh gia kgt qua hpc tap cua HS van theo each kiem tra, danh gia thong thuang, thong qua cac bai kiem tra trac nghiem voi ma tran de theo 4 cap dp:
Nhan biet, thong hieu, van dung va van dung cao. Dac biet viSc xSp loai chat lupng van dua vao ti le do trong ki thi THPT quoc gia.
2.2. Xay ddng quy trinh day hpc tich hdp theo md hinh STEM i mpt so trirdng trung hpc pho thdng tinh That Binh thong qua mon Vat If
Tli th\ic trang tren cho thiy, mpt s6 truang THPT tinh Thai Binh vin chua t l chiic DHTH theo mo hinh STEM thong qua mon Vat li. Viec DHTH a trucmg THPT la c§n thiet va co tinh kha thi cao de dap iing yeu cau doi mai GD hien nay, DHTH theo mo hinh STEM trong mon Vat H a mOt so chuang, mpt so bai, mpt s6 npi dung ciia Vlt li pho thong se hinh thanh va phat triln nang luc ciia HS, dac biet la nang luc thuc hanh va nang luc van dung kien thiic vao giai quylt cac tmh huong thuc tiln.Tii kinh nghiem quoc te trong cac tilp can DHTH theo mo hinh STEM va thuc tl
Xay du-ng chu dg STEM Vat li
Xay dung noi dung hpc tSp tich hcrp theo mo hinh STEM
Thiet ke nhiem v
X
To chiic thurc hien
Dinh gia
TTinh !. Quy trinh DHTH theo md hinh STEM & cdc tru&ng THPT tinh Thdi Binh thdng qua mdn Vdt ti
npi dung CT sach giao khoa, npi dung CT pho thong tong the sau nam 2018 tai Viet Nam, chiing toi nghien ciiu de xuat quy trinh chung ciia DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cac truang THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li gom 5 buac cu the sau (xem Hinh I):
a. Budc 1: Xdy du-ng chu de STEM trong mon Vgt li Tren ca sa ngi dung cua mon Vat li a truang THPT, GV nghien ciiu muc tieu, chuan kien thiic, kT nang cua mon hpc doi chieu voi muc tieu va npi dung DHTH theo mo hinh STEM de tim ra nhiing diem tuang dong Tim hieu moi quan he giiia npi dung hgc tap voi DHTH theo mo hinh STEM nhat la tac dgng ciia dli tupng hpc tap tai cac ki nang day hpc theo STEM. Thong qua do, tim ra cac van de, cac thach thiic trong the gioi thuc co lien quan den npi dung Clia mon hpc va npi dung DHTH theo mo hinh STEM de tu do xay dung thanh cac chti dl DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a truang THPT thong qua mon Vat li.
* Xay dimg chu de DHTH theo mo hinh STEM d cdc tru&ng THPT tinh Thdi Binh ihong qua mon Vgt li (xem Hinh 2). Quy trinh xae dinh chii dl DHTH theo mo hinh STEM o truang THPT thong qua mon Vat li tren the gioi va a Viet Nam chua co nhilu cong trinh de cap toi npi dung nay. Hien nay, trong DHTH theo mo hinh STEM, day la vin dl kho khan nhit, doi hoi cin phai nghien ciru va dl xuit mpt phuang phap luan. Tren co so nghien ciiu tai Heu va thuc tiln, chiing toi dl xuat quy trinh xae dinh chu de DHTH theo mo hinh STEM 6 tnrcmg THPT thong qua mon Vat Ii.
* Lua chgn ngi dung cu thi, phu hgp trong mon Vat li:
Npi dung cu thi trong mon Vat !i dugc lua chpn de DHTH theo mo hinh STEM d cac trucmg THPT tinh Thai Binh co the ia mgt nhom bai, mpt chuong hay mgt phin, tham chi mot bai. Viec Iua chgn nay dam bao rang nhom kien thiic se dupc ap dung dl giai quylt nhung van dl thuc tiln phii So 22tiiang 10/2019 i l l
NGHIEN eu'U THl/CTIEN GIAO DUC
&^fm
Lu-a chon noi dung cu the trong mon hoc
Ket noi voi nhimg san phan, irng d u n g cu the trong thuc tien
Phan tich li-ng dung Vat If vao thirc tien
Chl ra cac kien t h u c liln q u a n trong cac mSn hoc thuoc llnh virc STEM
Hmh thanh chu de, noi dung day hoc Hinh 2: Quy trinh xdy dung ehu di DHTH theo md hinh STEM & cdc truang THPT tinh Thdi Binh
thdng qua mdn Vgt li
hpp voi tung d l i tugng HS va phii hpp vai dieu kien co sa vat chit day hgc, Boi khong phai ngi dung nao, bai nao khi DHTH theo mo hinh STEM cung hieu qua hay phii hgp,
* Kit ndi v&i nhihig sdn pham, ting dung cu the trong thuc tien: Vai npi dung da lira chgn, GV nghien ciiu va xem xet nhirng kien thiic tu ngi dung do da dupc iing dung trong thuc tien nhu the nao, Nhirng bieu hien ciia kien thiic do trong thuc tien cupc song. Kien thiic do da dupc iing dung vao thiet bi gi? San pham gi? LTnh vuc nao?,,. Day chinh la c o so hinh thanh y tucmg cho bai hpc tich hpp theo mo hinh STEM o truang THPT thong qua mon Vat li.
* Phan dch Ung dung vdo thuc tiin: GV thuc hien phan tich ling dung de tim hifiu cac quy trinh, giai doan va cac kien tliirc dugc sii dung de tao ra ung dung/ san pham. Day la CQ so de GV xay dung nhiing hoat dpng, nhiem vii hpc tap trong bai hoc sao cho dam bao tinh vira siic vai HS Xdc dinh ro nhiing thach thiic ma HS se phai giai quyet,
* Chi ra cdc kien thiic liin quan trong mon Vgt li vd cdc man khoa hgc tu nhiin, Todn hgc, Cong nghi thugc linh vifc STEM: GV xem xet nhung kien thirc dong gop cho viec tao ra cac img dung tren thugc cac ITnh vuc nao dac biet la voi cac mon hgc thuoc ITnh vuc STEM. Viec chi ra cac k i l n thiic lien quan trong iing dung nhieu khi can su hpp tac voi nliirng GV thuoc cac ITnh vuc khac de dam bao mpt cai nhin toan dien va sau sac nhung kien thiic da dupc sii dung va la c o so de lira chpn dupc nhiing kien thiic phii hop voi C T hpc tap ciia HS.
* Hlnh thdnh chu di DHTH theo STEM thong qua mon Vgt li: Thong tin chung ciia chu d l DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cac trucmg THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li bao g I m : Ten chii de; Muc tieu; Lien he CT;
Nhirng nang luc h u a n g tai de hinh thanh va phat trien o HS.
112 TAP CH! KHOA HOC GIAO OUC VIET NAM
Van d^ thirc tien cufic song
- Ytg
- Tai nguyen thien nhien - Moi truong - An toan giao thong - Giam thieu nguy hiem
Pham vi tac dgng - cl nhan (ban than, gia dinh) - Xa h9i (Cong dong)
• Toan cau
DO phirc tap ciia van de STEM
-Cac ITnh vuc (so luong) thuoc STEM thatn gia vao viec giai quySt van de - Pham VI Idin thiic (Do sau va dfl rong ciia kien thfic) _ STEM dk giai quyet van Ah Hmh 3. Md hlnh ba chiiu xem xet DHTH theo md hlnh STEM a cdc truang THPT tinh Thdi Binh thdng qua mdn Vdl li
DHTH theo m o hinh S T E M d cac t ^ o n g THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li n h i m muc tieu giiip HS van dung k i l n thirc hinh thanh phat huy nang luc giai quylt cac v i n d l mang tinh thuc tiln, tinh thai su, tinh c i p thiet cua cupc s i n g hang ngay. De giai quyet van de STEM hay thiet k l san p h i m STEM, can van dung kien thirc thuoc cac llnh vuc Khoa hpc, Cong nghe, KT thuat va Toan hpc, Su tham gia v l s6 lugng cac mon, miic dp chuyen sau kien thiic cua cac mon hpc. Do vay, song song v a i 5 buoe de xay dung chii d l DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cac trucmg THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li, can xem xet tren cac goe dp: Van de thuc tien ciia cupc song, p h a m vi tac dpng va dp phirc tap cua van de (xem Hinh 3).
DHTH theo mo hinh S T E M o cac truang THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua m o n Vat li tap trung vao cac van de thuc tien Clia doi song xa hpi o dia phucmg, dat nuoc va boi canh hpi nhap tren the gioi. Trong bai hpc, H S d u p c tim hilu cac van de xa hpi, kinh te, moi truong, nang lupng va cong nghe, tim kiem cac giai phap cho cac v i n de tren. Do vay, vSn de thuc tien cupc song hang ngay, cac hien tuong, quy luat tu nhien va su van dpng la c a s o quan trpng de xay dung bai hpc tich hpp theo m o hinh S T E M a cac truong THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li.
* Tieu chi ctio mgt chii di DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a tru&ng THPT thong qua mon Vgt ii: Khi xay dung chu d l DHTH theo m o hinh STEM a truong THPT thdng qua mon Vat li, mpt s6 cau hoi co t h i gap phai vai cac GV do la chii de xay dimg co diing tinh thin STEM (STEM day dli, STEM khuylt) hay khong hay la mpt chu d l tich hop don thuin. Dieu gi tao nen su phan biet mpt chii d l DHTH theo mo hinh STEM ven cac chii d l d a y h p c khac Dilu d i u tien can phai khang dinh truoc het mot chu d l DHTH theo mo hinh STEM o truang THPT thong qua nion Vat H phai la mot chu de day hoc mang tinh tich hrm t-u - DHTH theo mo hinh STEM la mpt khai niem rpng nhieu
Phgm van Viidng
ting bic nen dilu nay ciing anh huang toi viec xae djnh hay each danh gia vl mpt chii dl DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a tnrcmg THPT thong qua m5n Vat H, Chiing toi dl xuit mpt sl lieu chi cu thi nhim xae dinh vl mpt chii dl DHTH theo mo hinh STEM 6 tnrcmg THPT thong qua mon Vat li nhu sau:
Tieu chi 1: Tinh thuc tiin ciia chii di: Chu dl DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cac trucmg THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li huang toi cac van de trong thuc tien:
Van dung kiln thiic STEM de giai quylt van de thuc tiln chinh la muc tieu ciia DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a truang THPT. Do vay, bai hpc tich hop theo mo hinh STEM a tnrcmg THPT thong qua mon Vat li khong phai la dl giai quylt cac vin de mang tinh tuong tupng va xa roi thuc tiln ma no luon huong den giai quyet cac van de, cac tinh huong trong xa hpi, kinh te, moi trucmg, trong cpng dong dia phuang cung nhu toan ciu.
Tieu chi 2: Tinh long hgp cua kiin thirc trong qud trinh hoc vd van dung: Chii de DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a tnrcmg THPT thong qua mon Vat li phai huang tai viec HS van dung cac kien thiic trong ITnh vuc STEM de giai quyet.
Tieu chi nay nham dam bao theo dung tinh than DHTH theo STEM, qua do mai phat trien dugc nhirng nang lire chuyen mon Vat li lien quan.
Tieu chi 3: Dinh hu&ng thue hdnh, hinh thdnh phdt huy ndng lire HS- Chu dl DHTH theo mo hinh STEM 6 trucmg THPT thong qua mon Vat li dinh huong thuc hanh. Dinh huong hanh dpng la mpt dac diem quan trpng ciia DHTH theo mo hinh STEM 6 truang THPT thong qua mon Vat If, chi khi djnh huong thuc hanh trong day hpc mai dam bao hinh thanh va phat trien nang luc cho HS. Dieu nay se giiip HS CO kien thiic tir kinh nghiem thuc hanh chu khong phai chi tir II thuyet. Bang each xay dung cac bai giang theo chu de va dua vao thuc hanh, HS se hieu sau ve ii thuyet, dinh Ii, djnh Iuat thong qua cac boat dpng thuc te. Chinh hoat dpng thirc te nay, HS se hieu va nha kien thiic lau hon va sau hon.
HS se dirge Iam viec theo nhom, tu thao luan tim toi kien thiic, tu van dung kien thiic vao cac hoat dpng thuc hanh va sau do CO the truyen dat lai kien thiic cho nguoi khac. Vai each hgc nay, GV khong con la nguoi truyen dat kien thiic thong thucmg ma la nguoi to chijc huong dan, trg giiip.
Tieu chi 4: Khuyen khich vd kich le HS ldm viic theo nhdm trong qud trinh hgc tap vd thuc hdnh: Chii de DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cac truang THPT thong qua mon Vat Ii khuyen khich, khich le HS lam viec nhom. Tren thuc tl, CO nhirng chii dl DHTH theo STEM vin co the triln khai ca nhan, Tuy nhien, Iam viec nhom la hinh thiic Iam viec phu hpp trong viec giai quyet cac nhiem vu phiic hop gan Iy thuyet voi thuc hanh, gan vai thuc tiln. Lam viec nhom la mpt kl nang quan trpng trong thi ki XXI. Ben canh do, khi lam viec theo nhom, HS se dat vao moi truang thiic day cac nhu cau giao tiep chia se y tuong va cimg nhau phat trien,
b- Bu&c 2: Xdy dung ndi dung hge lap trong DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a cdc truang THPT tinh Thdi Binh thdng qua mdn Vdt li
Day la giai doan GV cu the hoa muc tieu kiln thirc ciia chil dl DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a truang THPT thong qua mon Vat li hucmg toi hinh thanh cac nang lire chung va nang luc chuyen biet. Can cii vao thoi gian du kiln, muc tieu va c6 the la dac diem tam sinh Ii, ylu tl dja phuong tinh Thai Binh de xay dung npi dung cho phii hgp voi doi tugng HS tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh, voi dilu kien co sa vat chat hien co va phai tra loi cac vin dl: Chu dl DHTH theo mo hinh STEM a truang THPT thong qua mon Vat li CO cac boat dgng gi? Cac hoat dpng do nham dat muc tieu gi? Npi dung day hpc do co lien quan nhu thi nao vai cac muc tieu va npi dung mon Vat Ii o truang THPT? Bilu hien thuc te cua moi lien he do?
c. Buac 3: Thiit ki nhiem vu DHTH theo md hinh STEM a cde tru&ng THPT tlnh Thdi Binh thdng qua mdn Vgt li
Tren ca sa npi dung ciia chu de, xay dung cac nhiem vu hgc tap tuang ling, can xae dinh dinh ro nguoi thuc hien nhiem vu, lam ca nhan hay nhom, nhiem vu dupc thuc hien trong giai doan nao, thoi gian bao lau? Mot so loai hinh nhiem vu nhu: thu thap thong tin, tien hanh thi nghiem, thiet ke, trinh bay, Khi xay dung cac nhiem vu, can huong den hinh thanh cac nang lire giai quyet van de, nang lire hgp tac, nang lire tu hgc, nang luc quan Ii, sang tao, giao tiep, thuyet trinh va cac nang luc chuyen biet da xae djnh trong mon Vat li 6 truang THPT.
d. Buac 4: Td chive thuc hien DHTH theo md hlnh STEM
& cdc tru&ng THPT dnh Thdi Binh thdng qua mon Vdt li Day la giai doan trien khai ngi dung hpc tap tai toan the HS. Giai doan nay can xay dung moi truong hpc tap, ggi nhu cau kham pha, giao tiep, hgp tac va chia se giiia HS trong qua trinh thuc hien cac nhiem vu. GV dong vai tro la nguoi to chirc, huang dan va tu van giiip do. HS se thuc hien hai nhiem vu chinh: Thie nhdt, phan tich va dien giai cac dii lieu, trao doi nhiing kiln thirc va cac giai phap mang tinh kha thi. Sii dung cong nghe thich hgp de phan tich va giao tilp; Thie hai, HS tinh chinh cac giai phap, nguyen miu hoae cac quy trinh. Sua doi quy trinh thu nghiem de tim hilu them, xae djnh va phan tich cac kit noi lien quan din nghi nghiep tbupc Iinh vuc STEM,
e Buac 5. Ddnh gid kit qud DHTH theo md hlnh STEM a cdc truang THPT tinh Thdi Binh thdng qua mdn Vgt li _ Buac danh gia dugc hilu tren hai khia canh: Thii nhat, GV danh gia sir hilu bilt cua HS thong qua viec thuc hien cac nhiem vu (danh gia tiln trinh va san phim ciia HS), danh gia nang Iuc HS nhu nang Iuc giai quyet van de, nang lire sang tao, nang lire hgp tac va nang lire thuyet trinh. Thii hai, GV danh gia tinh kha thi, tinh thuc tiln ciia chu dl, tren co s6 do co nhirng dilu chinh phii hgp nhim tirng buac hoan thien npi dung hpc tap.
3. Ket luan
Qua nghien ciru thuc trang DHTH tlieo mo hinh STEM a cac truang THPT tinh Thai Binh thong qua mon Vat li cho thiy: GV da sir dung DHTH thong qua mon Vat li a miic dp thinh thoang va thuang xuyen. Tuy nhien, DHTH theo
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mo hinh STEM a truang THPT thong qua mon Vat li h i u nhu chua thuc hien, chii yeu GV thuc hien thinh thoang va hiem khi con hau het la chua thuc hien; Co nhieu yeu to anh huong den thuc trang tren, trong do cac yeu to: Nang luc cua GV la yeu to chii quan va yen to ca so vat chat, tai heu hpc tap la yeu to khach quan co mirc dp anh huong cao hem ca. Viec xay dung quy trinh D H T H theo mo hinh STEM 6
cac h u a n g THPT tinh Thai Binh la c i n thilt trong viec day hpc theo C T p h i thong 2018, tao b u a c chuyen bien m?nh m e tir t i l p can ngi dung sang t i l p can nang li;c nham hinh thanh phat huy nang lire ngucri hpc, giup nguai hgc chu dpng tich cue tham gia cac hoat dpng ITnh hpi tri thiic khoa hpc va van dung cac tri thiic khoa hpc tong hpp ciia nhieu lmh vuc de img dung vao thuc tien.
Tfii li^u tham kliao
[1] Ban Chip hanh Tmng ucmg Khoa XI, (2014), Nghi quyet Hgi nghi ldn thii ldm ve Doi m&i cdn bdn, todn diin Gido due vd Ddo tgo.
Thii tuong Chinh phii, (2017), Chi thi vi viee tdng cu&ng ndng luc liep egn cugc Cdch mgng cong nghe ldn thu 4, S6 16/CT-TTg, Chinh phu Niroc Cpng hoa Xa hoi chii nghia Viet Nam.
Thong tu s6 32/2018/TT - BGDDT ngay 26 thang 12 nam 2018 ciia Bo tnrong Bo Giao due va Dao tao.
Pham Huu Tong, (2004), Day hgc Vdl ii & tru&ng phS thong theo dinh hu&ng phdl trien hogt dong tich cue, lu chd, sdng tgo vd tuduy khoa hgc, NXB Dai hoc Su pham, HaNoi
Do Huong Tra - Nguyin Thj Thuin, (4/2013), Dgy hge tiip cdn lien mon - Nhirng vdn di dgi ra trong ddo tgo gido vien. Tap chi Giao due, tr. 71 - 73.
D6 Hirong Tra, (20 i 1), Cdc kiiu to chirc dgy hgc hien dgi trong dgy hgc vdt li & truang pho thong, NXB Dai hoc Su pham. Ha Npi.
David Layton, UNESCO and the Teaching of Science and Teachnology, http://unesdoc.unesco.org/
images/0013/001365/136595eo,pdf
Tsupros N„ Kohler R , and Hallinen J, (2009), STEM education A project to identify Ihe missing components.
Intermediate Unitl: Center for STEM Education and Leonard Gelfand Center for Service Learning and Outreach, Camegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania.
APPLYING THE INTEGRATED STEM MODEL IN A NUMBER
OF HIGH SCHOOLS IN THAI BINH PROVINCE THROUGH TEACHING THE SUBJECT OF PHYSICS
Pham Van Vuong Phu Due High School An Bai town, Qiynh Phu district, Thai Binti province, Vielnam Email pliamvuongquynhphu@gmail com
ABSTRACT: The general education program implemented In 2018 has shown a lot of advantages, such as integrating science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in the curriculum, and educating basic skills, knowledge as well as creative thinking to adapt to the requirements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Applying the integrated STEM model in high schools through teaching the subject of Physics will contribute to positive changes In forming and improving students' competences in order to prepare for a movement from content-based to competency- based learning.
KEYWORDS: STEM model; integration; high school; Physics.
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