It, A, - I R l / O N G BAI HOC SD PHAM TP HO CHl MINH HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION
Q S £ 1 TAP CHI KHOA HQC JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
ISSN KHOA HQC XA HOI VA NHAN V A N SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES 1859-3100 T$pl4.S62(2017): 128-139 Vol. l4,No.2(2017); 128-139
Email: tapchikhoalioc^ficntue.edu.vn: Website: iitlp-//iM.hcmue edii.m
^ 1 THV'C TRANG VA GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DU LJCH BIEN - BAG THJ XA HA TIEN, T I N H KIEN GIANG
Bdo Nggc Cdnh \ Nguyin Kim Hing'
Ngiy Tda so^n nh$n diipc bdi. 13-01-2016, ngUy phin bi$n cHn/i gti. 20-01-2016; ngdy chip nh$n aSng. 22-02-2017
T6M TAT
Thf xa Ha Tien Id mpt trong nhiing dia ban cd nhieu tiem nang phdt trien du lich biin - dao cua tinh Kien Giang ndi rieng vd cda vimg dong bdng song Cuu Long (DBSCL) ndi chimg. Nai ddy CO nhiing thang cdnh noi tieng nhte Mm Nai, DdngHo, ThgchDgng... Dgc biet, viing biin ddo aia Hd Tien cd nhieu thugn lgi de lien ket phdt trien du lich vdi cdc d/a bdn ldn cdn nhu Phu Quoc, Kien Luang vd Campuehia Tuy nhien, vi4c khai thdc cdc tiem ndng nccy cdn nhiiu fign ciii, mang tinh tu phdt vd khdng ben vung. Bai viet ndy phdn tich nhitng tiem ndng du lich bien - ddo cia thj xa Hd Tien, lie do di xudt mgt so gidi phdp phdt trien du lich bien ddo Ha Tien theo guan diem phdt triin ben vOng.
Tir khda: tiem nSng du lich, du lich bien - dao, phat tridn ben vftng.
ABSTRACT
The reality of and solution to sea~island tourism development in Ha Tien town, Kien Giang province
Ha Tien town is one of the areas with high potentials for sea-island tourism development in Kien Giang province in particular and the Mekong Delta in general It is well-known for its scenic spots such as Mui Nai, Dong Ho, Thach Dong, etc. Specifically, the sea and island area of Ha Tien has many advantages for developing tourism cooperatively with neighboring areas such as Pliu Quoc, Kien Luong, and Cambodia. However, the exploitation of these potentials are still limited, spontaneous and unstable. This article analyses potentials of sea-island tourism in Ha Tien town, in light of which, some solutions to sea-island tourism development in Ha Tien are proposed witli stable development in mind.
Keywords: tourism potential, sea - island tourism, sustainable development.
1. Gidi thifu va cdc hdi dao. Tren thi gidi, du ljch bik Du lich bien, ddo va vung ven bien rdt dugc chft trgng phdt trien vdi nhidu lo?i (thudng dugc ggi chung la du Hch biln - hinh sdn phdm rdt phong phft va da dang, ddo hodc du lich bien) la logi hinh du lich tieu bilu nhu tdm biln, nghi dudng bien, dugc hinh thanh va phdt triln tren ca sd t h i thao, du thuyin tren bien, tham quan cac dieu kifn tg nhien kit hgp vdi vdn hda biln ddo, quan sat san hd vd cdc sinh v?!
bdn dia tgi khu vgc bd bien, vftng ven bien bien...
Tru'6'ng Ogi hoc C^n Tha; Email: [email protected]
^ Tmimg Ogi hipc Su- phgm TPHCM
TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Trydng DHSP TPHCM
Ddo Nggc Canh vd ^k
Vift Nam Id mgt qudc gia ven biln, cd dudng bd biln ddi hon 3.260 km vd vung bien rdng khodng 1 trifu km^, gdp 3 ldn difn tich ddt liln. Ddi ven biln nude ta cd difn tich khoang 6,1 trifu ha va ddn sd 21,4 trifu ngodi, chilm 18,4% difn tich va 26,7% ddn sd cd nude. [8]
Vung bien vd ddi ven biln Vift Nam cd nhieu tiem ndng rat ldn dd phdt trien du Uch biln - ddo, nhung cac tilm ndng ndy chua dugc ddu tu khai thdc tuong xftng, hifu qud dem lgi chua cao. Dd dn "Phdt triln du lich biln, dao vd vftng ven bien Vift Nam din ndm 2020" dd neu rd: ''Cho den nay, nhieu tiim ndng dgc sdc cua du lich biin, dgc bi$t Id ddo, bao gdm cd qudn ddo Hodng Sa vd Trudng Sa, chua dugc ddu tu khai thdc mgt cdeh tuang xicng, cho du d ddi ven biin hiin dd cd tdi 70% cdc khu, diim du Uch trong cd nude, hdng ndm thu hdt Idtodng 48-65% lufmg khdch du lfch"[7].
Chi thi 20-CTn'W cfta Bg Chinh tri da khdng dinh: "Phdt triin du ljch biin theo hudng du lich cdnh quan, vdn hda, the thao kit h(rp vdi nghi dudng, vui chai. Chu trgng cdi thiin moi trudng du lich, ndng cao chdt lie^g dich v{i du lich di ddi vdi cdng tdc bdo vi mdi trudng cdnh quan, giie gin bdn sdc vdn hda dan tgc, tiep thu cd chgn lgc kinh nghiim cua cdc nude. Ddu tu xdy dymg mdt sd khu du lich trgng diim tgi Hg Long - Bdi Tu Long - Cdt Bd - Dd San, Hui - Dd Ndng - Nha Trang, VUng Tdu ' Long Hdi - Cdn Bdo, Hd Tien - Phu Qudc'' [1].
Thi ^^ ^^ T'^^ ^^^ ^ ^ ^^^ Qubc
hgp thdnh mgt trong nhftng dia bdn trpng diem vl du Hch bien cfta Viet Nam. Noi ddy tdp trung nhieu tdi nguyen du lich cd gid gi, tao dilu kifn thu$n lgi dl phdt triln du lich, nhdt Id cdc logi hinh du Uch biln - ddo. Dgi hgi Ddng bg Thi xa Ha Tien da dl ra mgc tidu: "Phdn ddu xdy dicng Hd Tiin thdnh trgng diim du ljch cua tinh vd vimg ddng bdng sdng Cicu Long" [3].
Tuy nhidn, trdn thgc tl, sg phdt triln du Hch d Hd Tidn cdn nhieu khd khdn, hgn che. Nhidu tiem ndng du Hch chua dugc ddu tu khai thdc; cdc sdn phdm du l;eh cdn nghdo nan, don difu. Vi vgy, nghidn cftu ndy nhdm phan tich cdc tilm ndng du Hch cfta thi xa Hd Tidn de de ra cdc gidi phdp phdt triln du ljch d Hd Tidn xftng ddng Id dia bdn trgng dilm du lich cua tinh Kien Giang vd cfta viing ven biln nude ta.
2. N$i dung
2.1. Tiem ndng du Ifch biin - dao cda thi xSHdTiSn
2.1.1. Khdi qudt vi thi xd Hd Tien Thi xd Hd Tien dugc thanh lgp theo Nghi dinh 47/1998/ND-CP ngdy 08/7/1998 cfta Chinh phft, trdn co sd tach huyfn Hd Tidn thanh th} xa Hd Tidn vd huyfn Kidn Luong. [8]
Thj xd Hd Tidn ndm d ven biln Tdy Nam nude ta, phia Tdy Bdc cua tinh Kien Giang; phia Bdc gidp Campuehia vdi dudng bidn gidi trdn ddt liln ddi 13,7 km;
phfa Ddng gidp huyfn Giang Thdnh; phia Nam gidp huyfn Kien Luong; phia Tdy gidp biln vdi dudng bd biln ddi 26 km.
Thi xd Hd Tien cd difn tich tg nhidn
10.048,83 ha, vdi 7 don vj hanh chinh gdm
TAP CHi KHOA HQC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM T^ 14, S6 2 (2017): 128-139
4 phudng (Td Chdu, Phao Ddi, Ddng H i , Binh San), 2 xd tren ddt liln (My Dftc, Thu|n Ydn) vd 1 xd ddo (Tidn Hdi). Dan sd (ndm 2014) cfta thi xd Id 23.669 ngudi, bao gdm 3 ddn tfc chft ylu: ngudi Kinh chiem 84,66%, ngudi Khmer chilm 12,31%, ngudi Hoa chilm 2,95%, ddn tOc khdc chilm 0,08% dan sd [2, tr.9].
Trong viing biln tilp gidp cua thi xd Hd Tien cd qudn ddo Hdi Tdc' (xa ddo Tidn Hdi) ndm each bd bidn Hd Tien khodng 11 hai Ii (27,5 km). Qudn ddo Hdi Tdc gdm 16 hdn ddo (hdn Keo Ngga, hdn Kien Vdng, hdn Tre Ldn, hdn Tie Vinh, hdn Gfti, hdn V. bdn Giang, hdn Cho Ra, hdn Dude Non, hdn Bd D$p, hdn Doi Moi',...).
Cdc ddo ndy phdn b l khd tap trung tren mgt vung biln dai 4,5 hdi li, rpng 2,5 hdi U.
Trong dd, ddo ldn nhdt Id hdn Tre Ldn (hay hdn Ddc), nai t$p trung dan cu sinh sdng vd la tmng tam cfta xd ddo Tien Hdi. Ngodi ra, mft so ddo khdc cd cu dan sinh song la hdn Dude, hdn Giang, hdn V> hdn Doi Moi...
2.1.2. Tdi nguyin du lich thjxdHd Tiin Thi xd Hd Tien ndm ttong phgm vi ranh gidi cua ddi ven bien nude ta. Ve mat khdng gian, ddi ven bien bao gdm ed khdng gian ttdn biln vd khdng gian ttdn ddt liln ven bien. [8]
Cdn eft vdo sg phan chia v l mdt khdng gian nhu v§y, todn bf thi xd Hd Tien cd thi dugc chia thdnh 2 phgm vi co bdn:
(1) khdng gian ttdn ddt lien ven biln; (2) khdng gian biln dao. Phgm vi khdng gian trdn dat Hen Id todn bd phdn ddt Hdn c i ^ th}
xd, tinh tft bd biln vao khodng 10-15 km.
Phgm vi khdng gian biln ddo Id vftng biln ddo tinh tft bd biln trd ra, khodng 25-30 km, ttong dd cd qudn ddo Hai T§c.
Trong phgm vi khdng gian tren ddt lien ven bidn (tftc Id phdn ddt Hen cua thi xd Hd Tidn), ngudn tdi nguyen du lich quan ttpng Id cdc bai biln: Bai Nd, Bdi Bdng (Miii Nai), Bdi Thu|n Yen... Nhin chung, cdc bai biln d day khd thugn lgi de phdt triln logi hinh du lich tdm biln: sdng em dim, bai cat thodi ciing vdi dnh ndng chan hda, nhift dg dn dinh...
Ngay tgi cfta ngd thi xd Hd Tidn c6 thdng cdnh noi tieng Id ddm Ddng Ho. Day Id mgt dam nude m$n dn sdu vdo dat lien, cd difn tich tg nhien 1.384 ha. Ddng H i dd dugc ca nggi ttong "Hd Tidn th|p vinh"
(Vinh mudi cdnh d?p cfta Hd Tien) Id
"Ddng H i an nguyft". Cdnh quan xung quanh Ddng Hd cung rdt hdp ddn, nhdt U hinh tugng nfti T6 Chdu soi bdng Ddng Hd.
Ding thdi, khu vgc ven biln Hd Tien cdn cd dieu kifn d l phdt tridn logi hmh du lich tiiam quan, nghl dudng vd thi thao biln. Cdnh quan thidn nhidn bien nhift ddi thanh binh, khi hgu dilu hda ncd ddy cdn dugc td dilm them bdi d}a hinh doi nui sot ttdn dong bdng ven biln tgo ndn nhftng cdnh quan da dgng vd hdp dan. Dja hinh doi nfti d ddy chilm 14% difn tich tp nhidn, hdu hit Id dli nfti thap: Cao nhdt U Nfti Nhgn (181m), Dum Trua (129m), B Bang Ldn (125,5m). Hifn nay, d ddy ffl hinh thdnh mft s l khu du Ijch nghi dudng cao cdp nhu khu nghi dudng Nfti Ddn, Kim Dg...
TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM Bdo Nggc Cdnh vd tgk
Ddng luu y Id, dgc theo ddi ven biln tft Hd Tidn din hdn Chdng (Kidn Luong) cd quan the nfti dd vdi phdn bo khd t$.p trung, gom 21 hdn nfti ndm trong vftng ding bdng ng|ip nude ven biln. Day Id khu vgc nfti dd vdi duy nhat d phia Nam cfta Vift Nam. Tuy difn ti'ch khong ldn (chi 3,6km^), nhung cdc nfti da vdi d day cd tinh da dgng sinh hge rat cao. Chinh sg bift 1 ^ vl dia Ii da tao ndn tinh dac huu vd da dgng ridng bift cho vftng nui da vdi nay.
Hifn nay, da ghi nhgn dugc 322 loai thgc v|it, 155 lodi dgng vgt cd xuong sdng, tiong dd mft s l lodi cd tdn ttong Sdch Dd Vift Nam dang cd nguy co tuyft chftng, cdn dugc bdo vf nhu lodi Thidn t u i {Cycas clivicola subsp. luted), Vogc bgc Ddng Duong {Jrachypithecus germaini)... [6]
D§c bift, viing nui dd vdi ndy cd nhieu hang dfng, tao thdnh nhftng thdng canh thien nhien hdp dan nhu Thgch Dgng, Da Dgng, chfta Hang, hang Mo So... H?
thing hang dgng d day cd nhidu thgch nhft vdi hinh thft rdt ki ao vd da dgng. Nhilu hang dfng cdn gdn vdi nhftng cau chuyfn tmyIn thuyit ho§c giai thogi dan gian vd Thgch Sanh, v l cdng chfta Quynh Nga, v l vua Gia Long... cang ldm tdng sue thu hftt dli vdi khdch tham quan, du lich.
Cdc hang dfng nfti dd vdi d ddy cdn gdn liln vdi ddi sdng tdm linh cfta epng ding ba ddn tfc Kinh, Khmer, Hoa. Trong cdc hang dfng thudng cd chiia ho^c cdc bf thd thdn, Ph^t. Ddy cung Id noi diln ra cdc l l hgi tmyIn thing cfta ngudi ddn dia phuang. Chdng hgn nhu ngudi Khmer hang ndm thudng td chftc le hfi dn mftng
mfta Ifta bgi thu trong hang Mo So, hay ngudi Kinh thudng td chftc l l hf i Ph^t Ddn tgi Chfta Hang...
Hd Tien cdn dugc coi la vftng ddt
"D}a linh nhdn kift" vdi nhieu di tich Uch sft - vdn hda cd gid tri ^di vdi du Uch. Noi day cd 9 di tich dugc x l p hgng, ttong dd cd 5 di tich cdp Qudc gia va 4 di tich cdp Tinh. D§c bift, d day cd nhung di tich gdn liln vdi qud trinh khai hoang, md cdi ciia Mgc Cftu va ddng hp Mgc. Vi vgy, di tich den thd vd ldng mg Mgc Cftu vd ddng hg Mgc ttdn nfti Binh San cftng vdi chfta Phft Dung, chiia Tam Bdo... Id nhftng d}a diem khdng thi bd qua cfta du khdch khi din Hd Tidn. Bdn cgnh dd, noi day cdn cd nhilu di tich Uch sft - vdn hda khdc gdp phdn thu hftt khdch du Uch nhu chiia Xd Xia, Dinh than Hd Tidn, Nhd tft Hd Tien. Gdn liln vdi cdc di tich d Hd Tien cdn cd cdc le hfi tmydn thing nhu le hgi ki niem Tao ddn Chieu Anh Cdc^ le gio Mgc Cftu, le hdi Nghinh Ong...
Vdn hda dm thgc cfta Ha Tien cung rdt d$c sdc. Din vdi Hd Tien, du khach sS cd dip ttdi nghifm nhftng mdn dn dgc ddo, cd mft khdng hai, nhu bun ken, bdnh canh gh?, hay mdn cd xiu... Ngodi ra, mgt so mdn an, tuy cQng cd d noi khdc nhu com gh?, bdnh tdm bi, sd huylt, mgc chidn nude mdm hay gdi cd trich, nhung d Ha Tien vSn cd huang vi ridng, rat hdp din thgc khdch.
Din vdi Hd Tien, du khdch cdn cd dip ghd thdm cdc ldng chdi dd tham gia chuong trinh du Uch cau cd, the mgc ho^c thudng thftc d§c san biln tuai ngon. Du khdch cung cd t h i mua nhung hdi san che
TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM 014, Sd 2 (2017): 128-139
biln v l lam qua cho ngudi than. Ngodi ra, nai ddy xua kia da tftng n l i tilng vdi nghe chl tdc d l i mdi va dd huyln. Ngay nay, nlu Hd Tidn cd gidi phdp phgc hoi cac nghl cd tmyen ndy thi sftc thu hut du lich sd gia tdng manh md hon nua.
Ddi vdi phgm vi khdng gian biln dao, thi xa Ha Tien cd quan ddo Hdi Tdc ndm d vi tri tuong ddi gan bd (27,5 km) nen kha thu|n Igi dl phdt triln logi hinh du Uch ra ddo. Nhin chung, cac dao d qudn dao nay deu cd cdc bai bidn phgc vg du Uch tdm bien. Cdc bai bien d ddy tuy difn tich khdng ldn, nhung hoang so va trong lanh: bien ttong xanh, bdi cat min, khdng khi ttong Idnh... rat hap dan khach du Uch.
Ten ggi "Hdi Tdc" cung Id yeu to cd thi gdy sg hieu kl, tgo sftc thu hftt cho du khdch. Qudn ddo Hdi T ^ cdn gdn liln vdi giai thogi v l kho bdu cdt giau tten ddo cdng thdi thftc nhilu ngudi mudn tim den noi day d l khdm phd nhung bi dn d^lc bift cfta qudn dao ndy. Diem hap dan khdc ddi vdi du khdch khi din qudn ddo Hai Tdc chinh Id tam bia chft quyen cfta Vift Nam d bd Tdy ddo hdn Ddc dugc xdy dgng vao n5m 1958, cd ghi: "Qudn ddo Hdi Tgc. Hdi dd sd: 3686 S.h; vTtuyin 10°W' 8; kinh tuyin }04°20'0'\
Ben cgnh dd, qudn ddo Hai T§c cdn cd tiem ndng phat triln cdc logi hinh du ljch nghi duong bien ciing vdi cdc hogt dgng the thao, cau cd, thd mgc, ldn biln ngdm san hd ho|ic bdt cdc logi Ic d cdc ganh dd...
Vftng bien Hd Tidn ndm trong Khu dg trft sinh quyln ven biln va biln ddo
Kien Giang (da dugc cdng nhdn Id Khu dg tru sinh quyln thi gidi ngdy 27/10/2006).
Ngudn tai nguyen sinh vdt cfta Khu dg trft smh quyln ndy rdt da dgng vd phong phd, nhat la tai nguyen sinh vat biln.
Ddng luu y la, viing biln Hd Tidn cdn ndi iiln vdi vung biln hdn Oidng (Kien Luong) vdi qudn ddo Bd Lga gom 43 hdn ddo phdn bo tren vftng biln rfng khodng 70 km^. Quan ddo Hai T ^ hgp vdi qudn ddo Bd Lga vd vftng b i ^ bao quanh tgo thdnh mft quan thi biln ddo h ^ dan, dugc mfnh danh la "Vinh Hg Long phuong Nam"; trong dd, thing cdnh hdn Phg Tft Id bilu tugng cua ngdnh du Uch tinh Kien Giang.
2.1.3. Vi tri dja li vd mgng ludi giao thong Ben cgnh thd mgnh ve tdi nguyen du lich, th) xd Ha Tidn cdn cd thu^n lpi nhdt dinh v l vi tri dia U va ket cdu hg tdng giao thdng v$n tai d l phdt triln du Uch. Vdi vi tri cdeh Phft Qudc chi hon 40 km nen Hd Tien rat thu$n lgi de ket ndi vdi du Uch Phft Quoc. Ding thdi. Ha Tidn cd V} tri tilp gidp Campuehia, cdeh tinh Campot 60 km, c ^ h cang Kdp 20 km. Hd Tidn cd ciia khdu quic t l Xd Xia vd Id cfta ngd dudng biln den cdc nude tiong khu vgc Ddng Nam A.
Nhihig dilu kifn ttdn cho phep thi xd Hd Tien lien kit xdy dgng cdc tour du Uch quoc t l vdi Campuehia, vdi Thdi Lan vd cdc nude khdc trong khu vgc. Trong tuong lai, khu kinh t l cfta khau dugc dau tu phfit triln, Hd Tien trd thdnh dd thi cfta khdu vdi khu vgc phi thud quan md rgng thi Thi xd cd thi phdt trien logi hinh du Uch cfta khdu ket hgp mua sdm.
Q Hd Tidn, mgng ludi giao thdng
132
TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Trudng DHSP TPHCM Bdo Nggc Cdnh vd tgk
khd phdt triln. Hf thdng cac tuyln dudng bd nhu Qudc Ig 80 tft Rgch Gid din Ha Tien, Uiyln Ig 955A tft Tri Tdn, Chdu Ddc ddn Ha Tien... cijng dugc md rfng vd nang cdp. Tuyln dudng N l , N2 dugc quy hogch va xay dgng phgc vg cho vifc phdt triln kinh t l - xa hfi, ddc bift Id du Uch ven bidn.
Hf thing dudng thfty din Phft Quoc vd din quan ddo Hai T^c cflng dugc hinh thdnh va phdt trien. Hifn nay, cd tuyln tdu cao tdc Hd Tien Phft Quic cftng vdi tuyln phd Hd Tien - Phft Quic (pha Thgnh Thdi) cd thd v$n chuyin ca cdc phuang tifn xe khdch. Ngoai ra, cdc tuyln Hd Tien - Phft Quic - Rgch Gid, Hd Tidn - Kep...
cGng da hinh thdnh va phdt triln nhdm ddp ftng nhu cdu phdt tridn kinh te - xd hfi, ttong do cd du Uch.
Thi xd Hd Tidn dd dugc cdng nh§n Id dd th} logi III (ndm 2012). Hifn nay, Thi xd dang tdng cudng chinh trang dd thi kit hgp vdi bdo t i n di tich Ijch sft, danh lam thdng Bdng 1. Hi$n trgng casd lieu
cdnh vd nhftng gid tri van hda tmyIn thdng.
Den vdi Hd Tien, du khaeh ludn dn tugng vdi khung cdnh thanh binh, tho mpng ciing vdi sg than thifn va men khach cfta ngudi ddn dia phuong.
2.2. Thvcc trgng phdt triin du lich bien - ddo thfxa Hd Tien
2.2.1. Kit cdu hg tdng vd ca sa vdt chdt - ki thugt ph{ic vu du lich
Vdi nhftng tilm nSng du lich phong phft, thi xd Hd Tidn da thu hftt nhilu dg an dau tu phdt tridn kit cdu hg tdng phgc vg phat trien du Uch, bao gdm mgng ludi giao thdng, hf thdng cap difn, cap nude va thdng tin Hen Igc nhu: Dg dn khu xft li nude thdi Mui Nai, Dg an co sd hg tdng khu du lich Mui Nai, Du dn khu du lich Nui Den...
Co sd vdt chdt - kl thugt phgc vg du l}ch d Hd Tien da phdt triln cd ve sd lugng ldn chat lugng. Ti'nh din ndm 2014, Hd Tien cd 110 co sd Iuu trft du lieh vd 745 co sd phgc vg dn ulng (xem Bang 1).
trd du lich tgi thi xd Hd Tien [2]
S6casd Trong do: Khach s ^ So phong Trong dd: K M c h s ^ Sdgiu6ng Trong do: Khach san
2011
91 28
1223695
2122 13522012
95 32
1560840
2760 15752013
105 34
1605880
2790 15902014
110 40
1716 1085 3058 1958NWn chung, cdc ca sd luu trft vd dn ulng diu tgp tiling vdo thi tmdng khdch du Uch binh ddn, chua chft ttgng thi tmdng khdch du Uch cao cdp, nhdt la khdch du l}ch quic tl. Cdc co sd luu tni phdn bd chft
ylu d trung tdm th} x3 Ha Tien; cdc dia bdn khdc, nhdt la khdng gjan bidn ddo hdu nhu chua dugc ddu tu phat triln. TM xa Hd Tidn cung cdn thilu vdng cac co sd vui choi gidi tri de dap ftng nhu cau cua khdch
TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Trudng DHSP TPHCM Tgp 14, S6 2 (2017): 12^139
du lich.
2.2.2. Hi$n trgng khdch du Hch Trong nhftng ndm qua, hogt dgng du Uch d thi xa Ha Tien cd nhftng chuyen biln tich cgc, gdp phan thu hftt ngdy eang nhilu khdch du Uch ttong vd ngodi nude.
Nhin chung, tong lugng khdch du lich din Hd Tien tdng kha nhanh, toe df tdng binh qudn giai dogn 2011-2014 tdng 25,5%/nam, ttong do, khdch nfi dia tdng 27,9%/nam, khdch quic t l tdng 16,5%/nam (xem Bdng 2).
Bdng 2, Khdch du Uch den thi xd Hd Tiin [2]
Dan vi: Lugt ngudi
T6ng so - Khach trong nuoc - Khdch quoc te
2011 1.210.128
968.103 242.025
2012 2.036.505 1.710.665 325.840
2013 1 2014 2.061.995 2.205.085 1.732.076 1 1.830.22!
329.919 1 374.864 M ^ dft lugng khdch du Hch Ha Tien
tdng ddng kl, nhung chft ydu van Id khdch nfi dia din tft Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh va cdc tinh ddng bdng sdng Cftu Long. Khdch quoc te cdn chilm ti 1? thap (dudi 20%) va cd xu hudng giam do t i c df tdng ch|lm han so vdi khdch nfi d}a (ndm 2011 dgt gdn 20%, ndm 2012 cdn gdn 16%, nam 2014 tuy cd tdng nhung cflng chi cdn gdn 17%).
2.2.3. Hi$n trgng tuyin diim du lich vd logi hinh du lich
Tuydn du l}ch quan ttgng nhdt cfta ihi xd Hd Tien ket ndi khoang 10 dilm du Uch chinh, hdu hdt deu ndm d trung tdm thi xa.
Id Mfii Nai - Thgch Dfng - Dd Dgng - Bhih San - Td Chau - Ddng Hd. Trong dd, n l i bgt Id bai bien Miii Nai vdi cac logi hinh du Uch CO ban nhu tdm bien, ngdm cdnh thien nhien, thudng thftc mdn dn ddc sdn biln, tham gia cac dich vg vui choi giai tri ttdn bien... Khu du lich Thgch Dgng va Dd Dgng cd cdc hang dfng thien nhidn ki thft rat thich hgp cho logi hinh du Uch sinh thdi, tham quan hang dgng. Qudn thd di tich nui Binh San gIm cd den thd, ldng mg Mgc
Cim vd ddng hg Mgc cftng vdi chiia Phii Dung, chua Tam Bdo chft yeu phdt triln cdc logi hinh du lich vdn hda nhu tham quan tlm hilu di tich, du Uch tdm linh...
Thdng cdnh Td Chdu - Ddng Hd tuy c6 nhilu tilm ndng, nhung hifn nay chua dugc ddu tu khai thdc, ndn hogt dgng du lieh cdn mang ti'nh tg phdt, chua thgc sy ttd thanh dilm du Uch hap din d Hd Tidn.
Do nhu cdu cua khdch du Uch, gan ddy, tuyln du Ifch bdng dudng biln tft Hd Tidn ra qudn ddo Hdi T§c dd dugc hinh thdnh, nhung cflng mang tinh tg phat. Hifn nay, khdch chi cd the sft dgng phirong tifn duy nhat Id tdu khdch chgy tuyen Hd Tidn - Tien Hdi, moi ngdy cd 1-2 chuyin.
Mgt tuyln du ljch kha quen thupc, gdn kit ch§t chg gifta Hd Tien vdi huyfn Kidn Luong la Hd Tidn - hdn Phg Tft.
Tuyln nay cd khodng cdeh hon 30 km dugc coi Id tuyln du Uch tidu bieu cho ddi ven bien Hd Tien - Kien Luong vdi cdc dilm du I}ch hap d i b nhu chiia Hang, hdn Phg Tft, hang Kim Cuong, hang Mo So, hang Tiln, bai bien Cay Duong, bdi biln
134
TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tnfirng BHSP TPHCM
Bio Ngpc Cinh vi tgk
H6n Tr?m... Cic losi hinh du ljch chil ylu Id tam biln, nghi dudng biln, tham quan thing cdnh biln vd du ljch hang d$ng...
Cdc tuyln du ljch noi Hd Ti6n v6i cdc dja bdn du ljch ldn c$n c6n co: Hd Tien - Phil Qu6c (Ki6n Giang); Hd Tien - Niii c i m - Chdu D6c (An Giang)... Ngodi ra c6n c6 tuyen du lich qu6c te: Hd Tien - Kip , - Kampot Sihanouk Ville (Campuehia)... Nhin chung, ddy Id cdc tuyln du Uch co tiem ndng nhung chua phdt triln m^nh.
2.2.4. Kit qud kinh doanh du lich Cung vcri sv gia tdng liKyng khach.
ho(lt dpng kinh doanh du ljch cua thi xi Hd Tien cOng dd dat duoc nhfing kit qud ddng kl. Doanh thu tir du Uch c4a Hd TiSn tdng msinh nhung khong dflng diu giQa cdc linh vvtc. Trong thM ki 2011-2014, doanh thu du ljch Ha Tien dat miic tdng gdp hon 2,5 I k , toe d0 tdng trung bmh l i 5 1 % /ndm.
Trong do, doanh thu chu ylu tut cdc co sd kinh doanh du lich voi cdc dich v\i luu tni, dn u6ng (chilm 89,3%), tflc da tang truong trung binh la 73,0%/ndm; doanh thu tir cac khu du Uch con chilm ti trpng thap (10,3%) vd hi$u qua khong cao, dat tflc dp tdng tru6ng am (-2,58%).
Bang 3. Doanh Ihu du lich cua thi ^d Hit Tiln [5]
Dan vi: Tri$u dong
T6ng s6
Doanh Ihu lic cdc khu du lich Doanh thutiecdctxrsa kink doanh du lich
2011 23105.0
6794.0 16356.0
2012 29725.0
6977.0 22728.0
2013 37356.0
7194.0 30162.0
2014 58455.0
6269.0 52186.0 2.2.5. Nhihig vdn de dang ddt ra
M$c du da dgt dugc nhftng ket qud ddng ke, nhung sg phdt tridn du Uch Hd Tidn cflng cdn nhilu khd khdn, hgn che va dang d$t ra khdng it vdn d l cdn gidi quyet.
d th} xd Ha Tidn, hf thing kit cau hg tdng kinh te - xd hgi cdn nhilu ylu kdm do thilu von ddu tu, ddc bift trdn cdc ddo.
Tiln df triln khai cdc dg dn du Uch cdn ch^m, ca sd luu trft phdn Idn quy md nhd, chat lugng thdp, chua ddp ftng nhu cau cfta du khdch. Cdc phuang tifn tdu thuyin phgc vg tham quan ddo cdn thieu vd so lugng vd chua ddm bdo an todn cho du khdch. San phdm du Uch chua p h o i ^ phft, da dang, d ^
bift chua xdy dgng dugc san phdm chft lgc gdn vdi thi mgnh du lich cua dm ven biln nay [5].
Hogt dfng du Uch cfta tbi xa Hd Tidn mdi chi t|ip trung chft ylu d phgm vi khdng gian ttdn ddt lien ven bien. Phgm vi khdng gian ttdn bien hau nhu chua dugc ddu tu phdt triln du Uch, mdi chi cd mft s l hogt dfng du Uch d qudn dao Hai Tdc vdi quy md nhd Id vd tg phdt, hifu qud chua cao, chua bin vflng. Thi xa Hd Tien hdu nhu chua chft ttgng ddu tu xdy dgng sdn pham vd phdt triln thuang hieu du lich "Vinh Hg Long phuong Nam" rat cd tiem ndng nay.
Hifn nay, nhieu du khdch mudn tfaam quan
TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Tru'dng DHSP TPHCM Tgp 14, S6 2 (2017): 128-139
viing biln ddo d day deu phai tg lien hf thud tau rdt khd khdn vd khdng dam bao an todn cho du k h ^ h .
Nhin chung, nhilu logi hinh du lich d ddy chua dugc ddu tu khai thac mgt each bdi bdn vd ddng bf nen chua phdt huy dugc hieu qua nhu: du Uch tham quan bien ddo ket hgp vdi du lich ra dao; du lich ldn bien kit hgp quan sat san hd vd cdc sinh vgt bien; du lich cau ca, the mgc... Hogt dgng du lich d day cdn tg phdt vd tidm dn nhidu nguy co: mat an toan, tai nguydn thuy sdn bi can kift, mdi tmdng bi suy thodi...
2.3. Mpt so gidi phdp phdt trien du ljch biin - ddo thfxa Hd Tiin
2.3.1. Tgp trung phdt triin du lich dphgm vi khong gian tren bien
De ddy mgnh khai thdc tidm ndng du Uch bien ddo, thi xd Ha Tien cdn tdng cudng phat trien du lich bien - dao gan liln phgm vi khdng gian tten bien; ddng thdi, kit hgp chdt chS gifta khdng gian tten dat lidn ven bidn vdi khdng gian ttdn biln;
ttong dd, khdng gian tten dat lien ven biln ddng vai ttd dieh vg hgu cdn d l phdt ttiln khdng gian tten biln.
Cg thi, thi xa Hd Tien cdn nghien cftu trien khai phuang an ddu tu xdy dgng ben tdu du lich Ha Tidn phgc vg du Uch tham quan bien dao; ddng thdi, can thdnh ldp dpi tdu du ljch vd xay dung cdc chuang trinh du lich tham quan biln ddo Hd Tien;
xay dgng vd qudng bd thuong hifu "Vjnh Hg Long phuong Nam"...
2.3.2. Ddy mgnh xdy dymg kit cdu hg tdng, ca sd vgt chdt - ki thugt du lich
Thi xa cdn tiep tgc uu tien ddu tu xay dgng ket cdu hg tdng va co sd vat chdt - kT thu^t du Uch nhdm tgo dilu kifn nang cao chat lugng dich vu du lich. D2ic bift cdn im tidn phdt tridn logi hinh giao thdng dudng bidn nhu: Hd Tidn - Phft Quic; Hd Tien - Tien Hdi (quan ddo Hdi Tdc)... Cdn ddu tir it nhdt 2 tau cao t i c Ha Tien - Tidn Hdi dl phgc vg nhu cau tham quan dao vd rut ngdn thdi gian di chuyin cho du khdch; trang bi ddy du do phao, cdc thilt bi cftu t ^ ttdn tdu.
Ddi vdi logi hinh giao thdng dudng bg va cdc khu du Uch ttdn ddt liln: Cdn xdy dgng vd cdi tao dudng giao thdng d quan dao Hdi Tdc; xdy dgng dudng quanh mii Phdo Ddi; sfta chfta dudng vao khu du Uch Mui Nai; gia cd va sfta chifa hdnh lang ven biln Mfli Nai; trang bi nha vf sinh cdi^
cgng tgi khu du Uch Thgch Dgng, Da Dgng...
Hd Tien cdn khuyin khich ddu tu xdy dgng khach san, nhd hang, khu vui choi gidi tri, khu nghi dudng d khu vgc ven bd va tren cdc ddo. Trong dd, can uu tidn phdt tridn loai hinh dich vg liru trft cao cap (khach sgn 3-5 sao) d l dap ftng nhu cau khdch du Uch cao cdp, nhdt Id khdch quic
tl.
2.3.3. Tdng cudng liin kit phdt triin du Hch
Khdng gian du Uch bidn - ddo ludn mang tinh thing nhat cao, khdng bi chia cdt theo ranh gidi hdnh chinh; vi vgy, liSn kit phdt trien du lich biln ddo ludn Id mft yeu cdu cdp thiet. Vdi vi tri dia li khd thugn
136
TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM Bdo Nggc Canh vd tgk
lgi, thj xd Hd Tien cd thi hinh thanh cdc m l i lien kit phdt triln du Uch vdi Phft Qudc, Kidn Luang, Kidn Hal; vdi Campuehia, Thai Lan va cdc nude trong khu vgc Ddng Nam A. Day sd la co sd d l Hd Tidn phdt huy cdc tilm nang, the mgnh du Uch cfta minh, gdp phdn phat triln du Uch cfta tinh Kien Giang vd vftng ding bdng sdng Cftu Long.
D|ic bift, cdn t$p tnmg khai thdc eac lgi the cfta Hd Tidn d l uu tidn lidn kit phdt trien du Uch vdi Phft Quoc, nhat Id lgi thi ve cg li gdn (tii Hd Tidn di Phu Qudc 45 km, nhung tft Rgch Gid di Phft Quic 120 km) vd nguin tdi nguydn du Uch phong phft cfta Ha Tidn. Cdn nghidn cftu sdu v l tdm Ii thi hieu du khdch, tft dd cd phuang dn ddu tu mgt cdeh bdi bdn d l "nli ddi"
tour du Uch Phft Quic d i n Ha Tien nhdm thu hftt khdch du Uch tft Phft Quic - nhihig ngudi da di hang nghin km din Phft Qudc chdc chdn sS sin sdng di thdm 45 km d l din vdi Ha Tien n l u cd cdc sdn phdm du Uch da dgng, chdt lugng eao. Tmdc mdt, Hd Tidn cdn to chftc cdc Famtrip vdi sg tham gia cfta cac hdng lit hanh vd cac nhd bdo cd uy tin d l thft nghifm vd qudng bd cho tour du Uch kit ndi Phft Quoc - Hd Tien.
2.3.4. Chd trgng bdo v$ tdi nguyin vd mdi trudng du lich
Mdi trudng vd tdi nguyen du Uch biln ddo rdt nhgy cdm, d l bi suy thodi. Ddc bift, trong tinh hinh hifn nay, biln d l i khi hgu da trd thdnh nguy co tdc dfng den cdc khu du Uch biln ddo ngdy cdng nghidm
ttgng. Tinh trgng nhiet dg tang, nude biln ddng eao ldm thay ddi tinh chat vd dg hdp din cfta cdc khu du Uch ven bidn vd cdc dao. Bien ddi khi hdu cd thi lam cho cdc hf sinh thdi ven bd bi hfty hoai, he sinh thai ran san hd cd nguy co bi pha huy. Vi vgy, phdt trien du lich ben vftng gdn lien vdi gido dgc mdi trudng cho du khaeh va ngudi dan dia phuong ttong du Hch biln ddo Id rat cap thilt.
2.3.5. Ddy mgnh hogt dong thdng tin, qudng bd du lich
Can cung cap cac thdng tin v6 hinh anh, gid cd dich vg, dm thgc va cdc diem din du lich cua thi xa Hd Tien dudi dgng cdc dn phdm nhu td roi, postcard gdn vdi bdn dd du Uch cfta dia phuong, ddng thdi can xdy dgng vd ndng cao chdt lugng cdng thdng tin du Uch cua dia phuong.
cdn tdng cudng thdng tin, qudng bd du Uch tien cac phuong tien thdng tin d ^ chftng. Thi xd Hd Tien cd thi thdng qua Sd Van hda, Thi thao va Du lich tinh Kien Giang to chftc eac cudc thi sang tac anh, phim video nhdm gay sg chft y cfta du lugn, thu hut khach du Uch ttong vd ngodi nude.
Tdng cudng tidp thi dilm din thdng qua cdc cdng ti Ift hanh trong nude va qudc t l d l tgo ngudn khdch du Hch.
2.3.6. Cha trgng phdt triin ngudn nhdn luc du lich
cdn tdng cudng cac lunh thftc ddo tgo, t§p huan d l ndng cao chdt lugng nguon nhdn Igc du Uch trdn dia bdn. Ddc bift can xay dgng dfi ngu hudng dan vidn du Uch chuyen nghifp, cd ndng lgc, am hilu v l
TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Tru-dng OHSP TPHCM T^ 14, Si 2 (2017): 128-139
cdc tuyln, diem du Uch tgi d)a phuong d l gidi thifu du khdch nhftng gid tri ciia cdc dilm du lich trdn dia bdn, nhdt Id cdc gid tri nhan vdn gdn liln vdi di tich Uch sft - vdn hda.
Cdn kit hgp nhilu gidi phdp cg thi dl phdt trien nguin nhdn lgc du Hch nhu:
hudn luyfn tgi chd, ddo tao theo dia chi, theo gdi dg dn... Can tgo co che ehinh sdch khuyin khich cdc don vi kinh doanh du Uch tg ddo tgo; ddng thdi, tianh thft sg h i ttg cua Tdng cgc Du Uch va cdc du an quic t l tiong phdt triln nguin nhdn lgc cho thi xa Ha Tien ndi rieng vd tinh Kidn Giang ndi chung.
2.3.7. Tdng cudng phdt triin du lich cgng ddng
Phat triln du ljch cfng ding Id mgt trong nhftng gidi phdp quan trgng d l ddy manh phdt triln du Uch biln ddo. Thj xd Hd Tien can cd cdc chinh sdch khuyin khich ngudi ddn vd cdc doanh nghifp tham gia ldm du Uch. cdn uu tien phdt triln cdc md hinh du Uch cfng ding cd nhieu triln vgng d Hd Tien nhu: thu hftt sg tham ^ a efta ngudi ddn de hmh thanh vd phdt trien dgi tau du Uch phgc vg tham quan bien dao; phdt triln md hinh du Uch cgng ddng homestay tgi cdc hg ddn d quan ddo Hdi T§c...
3. K i t lu^n
Cftng vdi Phft Quic, thj xa Hd Tien da diigc xdc dinh Id mgt ttong nhftng dia
bdn frgng dilm du lich cfta tinh Kidn Giang vd cfta cd nude. Nai ddy cd nguin tdi nguydn du Uch rat phong phft vd da dgng, tgo tiem ndng ldn d l phdt triln du Uch ndi chung vd du Uch biln - ddo ndi rieng.
Nhu nha tha Ddng Ho dd timg ca nggi: "d ddy ki thd thay, cd nhu hdu di hitl Cd mdt it hang sdu dgng hiim cua Lgng San, mgt it ddo dd chai vai giica biin ciia Hg Long. Cd mgt it nui dd voi ciia Ninh Binh, mgt it thgch thdt san mdn cua Huang Tich. Cd mdt it Tdy Hd. mgt it Huang Giang. Cd mdt it chua chiin ciia Bdc Ninh, mgt it ldng tdm cda Pha Xudn.
Cd mdt it Dd San, Cica Timg. mgt it Nha Trang, LongHdi..." [4].
Nhdm khai thdc tot cdc tilm ndng, thi mgnh du Uch, thi xd Hd Tien cdn ddu tu dong bg vd cd ttgng dilm, nhdt Id tgp trung dau tu phdt triln san phdm du Uch tham quan biln ddo gdn liln vdi thuang hifu
"Vinh Hg Long phuong Nam". Ding thdi, can chft trgng vifc da dgng hda vd ndng cao chdt lugng sdn phdm du Uch, tdng cudng lidn kit phdt triln du Uch vd nang cao chdt lugng nguon nhdn lgc kit hgp vdi vifc bdo vf mdi trudng vd tdi nguydn du Uch theo hudng phdt triln bin vihig dd Hd Tien thgc sg trd thdnh mft ttong nhihig dia ban trpng dilm du Uch cfta tinh Kidn Giang, cflng nhu cua vftng ding bdng sdng Cftu Long vd cfta cd nude.
138
TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Trudng DHSP TPHCM Bdo Nggc Cdnh vd tgk
TAI UpJ THAM KHAO
1. Bf Chinh trj Dang Cfng san Vift Nam (2007), Chi thi 20-CT/TW ngdy 22/9/1997 vi ddy mgnh phdt triin kinh te bien theo hudng cdng nghiep hda, hiin dgi hda.
2. Chi cyc Thing ke Thj xa Ha Tien (2015), Nien giam thing ki ndm 2014.
3. Dang bf thj xa Ha Tifin (2015), Vdn kiin Dgi hgi Ddng bg thi x3 Ha Tien, nhiim ki 2015- 2020.
4. Ddng Ho va Mfng Tuylt (1996), Hd Tiin thgp cdnh. Nxb V5n hda. Ha Nfi.
5. Cao My Khanh, Dao Nggc Canh (2016), "Tiem nSng va giai phdp phat triln du Ijch dai ven bien Ha Tien - Kien Luang, tinh Kien Giang", Tgp chi khoa hge Dgi hge Cdn Iha, so 42 (2016), tt.42-49.
6. Trung tam Da dgng Sinh hge va Phat ttiln (2009), Nui dd vdi Kiin Giang, Nxb Ndng nghifp, TP H i Chl Minh.
7. Vifn Nghidn cftu va Phdt ttiln Du Ijch (2014), De an "Phat trien du ljch biln, dao vd vdng ven biln Vift Nam den nSm 2020", truy c|p tgi http://itdr.org.vn, ngdy 02/3/2015.
8. Ngd Doan Vjnh, Tmang Vdn Tuyen (2004), Bdo cdo tdng hgp di tdi Ca sd khoa hge cho viic phdt triin Kinh ti Xd hgi ddi ven biin Viit Nam, Vifn Chiln luge phat triln, Bf Kl hogch va Ddu tu, Ha Nfi.
9. Oy ban nhan ddn thj xdHd Tidn (2015), Gi&i thiiu tdng quan vi thi xd Hd Tiin {Tki lifu Iiru hdnh ngi bg), thang 9/2015.
' Ten ggi "Hai T$c" do quin dao nky timg 1^ noi dhn trd cua cir6p bien trong khoing thin gian tir cu6i th^ ki XVII din cu6i thi ki XIX. XuSt ph^t tir quin dao n&y, q u ^ cudp b i ^ tin cdng dS cirdp b6c cdc t&u buon trgn tuy&i hdng hdi tCr Trung Quic sang cdc nude phuong TSy di qua khu nrc vjnh Hd Tifin - R^ch Gid d&i vjnh Thdi Lan.
^ Tao ddn ChiSu Anh Cdc (cdn ggi Id Thi ddn ChiSu Anh Cdc) do M^e Thifin Tich (hay M?c ThiSn Til) lim chii sodi, thdnh lip vdo ndm 1736 t^ii Hd TiSn. Tdc phdm ndi tilng cOa ChiSu Anh Cdc Id Ha Tien th4p vinh (Vjnh mitiri canh dep cuaHdTifin).
