oi-qig^i
^ QUAN LY - NHIN TlT GOC DO TRIET HQC
TRAN NGOC LifiU *''
Qudn ly Id mgt dgng hogt ddng dgc hiit quan trgng eua con ngUdi. Qudn ly chUa dUng ngi dung rgng ldn, da dgng, phUc tgp vd luon van dgng, biin dSi, phdt triin khong ngUng. Nhin tU gdc do triit hgc. CO thi thdy, qudn ly la hogt ddng tat yiu vd pho bien. Id tde dgng co y thUc, hang quyin lUc. theo quy trinh di phot hdp cdc nguon lUc nhdm thUc hien muc tiiu ehung cia tochUc trong dHu kien kinh te - xd hdi nhdt dinh. Do udy, qudn ly ngdy cdng dong vai tro quan trgng trong sUphdt triin cua xd hoi, nhdt Id trong xd hdi hien dgi.
1. Khai niem va cac each tid'p can thuyet hd thdng, C.L.Barnard (1866 - khac nhau ve quan ly 1961) - dai bieu xua't sic e i a ly thuyet
F.W.Taylor (1856 - 1915), mdt trong quan ly td chflc, eho r i n g quan ly nhflng ngfldi diu tien khai sinh ra khoa khdng phai Id cdng viec eua td chflc ma hoc quan ly, "dng td'" cia trfldng phai la cdng viee chuyen mdn dl duy tri va quan ly theo khoa hpc, nhin tfl gdc dp phat trien td chQc. Dilu quye't dinh ddi kinh t l - ky thuat cho ring, quan ly Id
hoan thanh edng viec cia minh thdng qua ngfldi khac va bilt dfldc mot each chinh xac hp da hodn thanh edng viec mdt each td't nhit va re nhit.
H.Fayol (1841 - 1925), la ngfldi dau tien tie'p can quan ly theo quy trinh, ngfldi cd tam anh hudng to ldn trong lich s i tu tfldng quan ly tfl thdi ky cdn - hien dai tdi nay, quan niem ring, quan ly hdnh chinh la dfl doan va lap ke'
vdi sfl tdn tai va phat tridn cua mdt t6 chflc dd la sfl san sang hdp tac, sfl thfla nhan muc tieu chung va kha nang thdng tin.
H.Simon (1916 - 2001) eho ring, ra quye't dinh la cd't ldi c i a quan ly. Mpi cdng vide eua td chfle chi dien ra sau khi cd quyet dinh e i a c h i the quan ly.
Ra quylt dinh quan ly Id chflc nang cd ban eua mpi cip trong td chflc.
Tiep can quan ly theo tinh hud'ng, hoach, td chflc, dieu khien, phdl hdp va Paul Hersey vd Ken Blanchard (1939) kiem tra.
M.P.Follet (1868 1933), tie'p cdn quan ly dfldi gdc dp quan he con ngfldi, khi nhin manh tdi nhan to' nghe thuat trong quan ly da coi quan ly la mpt nghe thuat khien eho edng viec c i a ban dfldc hoan thanh thdng qua ngfldi khae.
Tie'p can quan ly tfl gdc dp c i a ly
quan niem rdng, khdng cd mdt phUdng thfle quan ly va lanh dao td't n h i t cho mpi tinh hud'ng. Ngfldi quan ly se cdn cfl vao tinh hudng cu the dl liia ehpn phfldng phap quan ly phu hdp.
(*) Tie'n sT, TnicJng Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi vk N h a n vSn, Dai hoc Quoc gia Ha Noi.
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TRAN NGOC LIEU J.H.Donnelly, James Gibson vd
J.M.Ivancevich, khi d l cdp de'n tinh hidu qua eua sfl phdl hdp hoat ddng gifla nhilu ngfldi da n h i n manh: "Quan ly la mdt qua trinh do mdt hay nhieu ca nhan thfle hidn nhim phdl hdp cac hoat ddng cia nhflng ngfldi khae de dat dupc kit qua md mpt ca nhdn hdnh ddng ddn dpc khdng the cd dUdc"(l).
Stephan Rohbins (1948) quan nidm;
Quan ly la tie'n trinh hoach dinh, td chflc, Idnh dao va kidm soat nhflng hanh ddng eua cac thdnh vien trong td chflc va sfl dung t i t ca cac ngudn Iflc khae eia td chflc nhim dat dQde mue tidu da dat ra.
Harold Koontz, Cyril O'Donnell (1900 - 1976) da nhdm gdp cac each tie'p can vl quan ly vd chia thanh cac loai;
Tie'p cdn theo kinh nghiem hoae theo trQdng hdp; tid'p can theo hanh vi quan hd ea nhan; tid'p cdn theo hanh vi nhdm; tilp can theo he thd'ng hdp tac xd hdi; tilp can theo he thd'ng ky thuat - xd hdi; tie'p cdn theo ly thuyet quydt dinh;
tie'p cdn he thd'ng; tid'p can toan hpc hoac khoa hpc quan ly; tie'p cdn theo dieu kien hoae theo ttnh hud'ng; tiep can theo eae vai trd quan ly; tie'p cdn tac nghiep.
Trong sd' cac each tie'p cdn tren, Harold Koontz (1909 1984) va eae ddng sfl dae biet Iflu y vd ddng quan dilm vdi each tie'p can tae nghiep (cdn dfldc gpi la trfldng phai quy trinh quan ly), cho ring, "each tiep can tac nghiep nit tia kiln thfle tfl mpi linh vfle, bao
gdm tam ly hpc, xa hdi hpc vd toan hpc, ma nhflng kien thfle nay la thich hdp cho quan ly va nd thfla nhdn co mdt cd't ldi kien thQc ehung duy nhit cho quan ly"(2); "ban chit quan ly la phdl hdp cac nd Iflc eia eon ngfldi thdng qua eae 5 chflc nang"(3); quan ly la ndi dd'n cac cdng vide nhfl "lap ke' hoaeh, xay dflng td chQc, xac dinh bien che', Idnh dao vd kiem tra"(4). Dieu dae biet hdn, eae dng cho ring: "Khu rflng ly thuyet quan ly khdng chi tie'p tue nd hoa, md cdn rdm rap hdn ddl vdi gin gip ddi con so' cac trfldng phai hoac each tiep cdn da dfldc tim ra trong hdn 20 nam vl trfl6e"(5).
Cd the ndi, chinh nhflng each tid'p can vd quan niem khac nhau tren da tao ra bflc tranh da dang va phong phu v l quan ly, gdp phan ldm eho vide nhan thfle ve quan ly eia chung ta ngay cang diy d i va dung din hdn.
Tfl xuit phat diem nhfl da trinh bay d tren, ke' thfla nhiing nhan td' hdp ly c i a cac each tiep cdn va quan niem vl quan ly trong lieh s i tfl tfldng quan ly, chiing tdi cd the tdng hdp va rut ra dinh nghia vl quan ly nhfl sau;
Quan ly - hoat ddng t i t yeu va phd bien cia eon ngfldi, Id tae ddng ed y thfle, bing quyen Iflc, theo quy trinh
(1) J.H.Donnelly, J a m e s Gibson va J.M.Ivancevich (Vu Trong Hung dich), Qudn tri hgc cdn bdn. Nxb Thong ke. Ha Noi, 2001, tr.39.
(2) H.Koontz, Cyrii O'donnell, H.Weihrich. NhOng vdn di cdi yeu cua qudn ly. Nxb Khoa hoc va Ky thuat, H a Npi, 1996, tr.59.
(3) H,Koontz, Cyrh O'donneU, H.Weihrich. Sdd, tr.59.
(4) H.Koontz, C^rU O'donnell, H.Weihrich. Scfd,, tr.60.
(5) H.Koontz, Cyrh OdonneU, H.Weihrich. Sdd, tr.53.
cia ehi t h i quan ly tdi ddi tfldng quan ly de phdi hdp cac ngudn Ifle nhim thfle hien muc tieu eia td chfle trong dieu kien mdi trfldng bien ddi.
Nhfl vay, quan ly la mot ehinh the bao gdm nhflng nhan td cd ban: Chu the quan ly, ddl tfldng quan ly, muc tieu quan ly, edng eu, phfldng tien quan Iy, each thfle quan ly (ed y thfle, bing quyen luc, theo quy trinh, vdi nhflng phfldng phap, nghe thuat quan ly phong phu vd da dang) va mdi trfldng quan ly. Nhflng nhan to do co quan he va tae dpng ldn nhau dl hinh thanh nen quy luat va tinh quy luat cia quan ly.
2. P h a n loai quan ly
Cdn cU vdo quy md td chUc, quan ly dfldc phan chia thanh; Quan Iy vi md (quan ly mdt td chflc nhd, ddn chflc nang, ddn muc tidu) vd quan Iy vi md (quan Iy mdt td chflc ldn, da chQc ndng, da muc tieu). Sfl phan ehia nay chi mang tinh tQdng ddl, bdi vi, trong nhiing quan he xac dinh ma mdt td chflc cd thd la vi md, hoac cd the la vi md.
Cdn cU vdo ddi tUOng, quan ly dfldc phan chia thdnh; Quan ly gidi tfl nhien (cham sdc, trdng coi va bao ve,v.v.), quan ly he thong vat tfl, ky thuat (bao quan, bao dfldng, dilu khien,v.v.), quan ly eon ngfldi - xa hdi (tie ddng mdt each CO y thfle, bing quyen Iflc, theo quy trinh tdi ddl tfldng quan ly de phdl hdp cac ngudn Ifle nhim thfle hien mue tieu cua td chflc). Tuy nhien, sfl phan chia nay ciing mang tinh tfldng ddl, bdi vi.
cac he thdng tfl nhien, vdt tfl, ky thudt, edng nghe vd con ngfldi - xa hdi chi ton tai mdt each ddc lap tfldng ddl, trong thfle te ehung cd quan he gin bd hflu cd vdi nhau. Hdn nfla, xet de'n eung, quan ly ehinh la quan ly hanh vi vd hoat ddng c i a con ngfldi. Ban chit quan ly la bieu hien cia mdi quan hd gifla con ngfldi vdi con ngfldi.
Cdn cU vdo cdc linh vUc hogt ddng cua xd hdi, quan ly dflde ehia thanh; Quan ly kinh te, quan ly hanh chinh, quan ly van hoa, quan ly xa hdi,v.v.. Sfl phan chia ndy la xdt d cap dp ehung eia tflng Knh vfle. Bdi vi, d tflng linh vfle hoat ddng cua con ngfldi lai co t h i dflde phan ehia thanh iihiing eip dp eu the, vdi nhflng loai hinh quan ly chuyen nganh.
Cdn cU vdo cdc hiin tUOng, cdc qud trinh xd hgi nhU Id nhitng "hi thdng ddng", quan ly dflde ehia thanh: Quan ly bidn ddi, quan ly ddi mdi, quan ly rii ro, quan ly khing hoang,v.v.. NhQng loai hinh quan ly nay la bieu hien eia xu hfldng tie'p can hien dai ve quan 1;^, vi ehung ed the bao ehfla cac loai hinh quan ly khac nhau hoac nhdm gdp mdt so loai hinh quan ly lai v6i nhau.
Cdn cU vdo chinh the td chiic hog£
cdc yi'u to cdu thdnh to chUc, cd the phan chia quan ly thanh: Quan ly td chflc (todn bp chinh the e i a mdt to chflc), quan ly eae ye'u to' c i a td chflc (quan ly muc tieu, cd ciu to chQc, ngudn nhan Iflc, chinh sach, he thd'ng thdng tin, vdn hoa td chfle).
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TRAN NGOC LIEU Cdn cU vdo tinh chat cua hogt ddng
qudn ly, c6 t h i chia quan iy thanh cac loai; Quan ly chat Ifldng (ISO), quan ly theo muc tieu (MBO), quan Iy chat iQdng toan dien (TQM),v.v..
Cdn cU vdo chu the cua hogt ddng qudn ly, co the phan chia quan Iy thanh; Quan ly ca nhdn, quan 1;^ nha nfldc, quan 1^ hdnh chinh nha nfldc, quan Iy xa hdi,v.v.. Cac hinh thfle quan ly nay bieu hien vai trd c i a cac ehu the trong eae loai hinh quan ly khac nhau.
Chiing cd the gidng nhau ve muc tieu quan ly, nhflng cd sQ khac bidt vl phfldng thfle quan ly.
Sfl phdn loai trdn cho thiy, quan ly la mpt linh vfle hoat dpng ehfla dflng npi dung rdng ldn, da dang, phong phu va tdn tai d nhilu eip dd, nhilu hinh thfle khac nhau. Vi the', viec phan loai quan ly se giup ehung ta nhan thfle vl quan ly mdt each day d i vd toan dien hdn. Tuy nhien, xet din eung, du eho quan ly tdn tai dQdi b i t cQ loai hinh nao thi ban chit cia nd vin la bieu hien c i a mdi quan he giQa con ngfldi vdi con ngfldi.
3. Dac triing ban chat cua quan ly ThU nhdt, qudn ly Id hogt dgng mang tinh tdt yeu vd phd bii'n. Ban chat cia con ngudi Id tdng hoa cac mdi quan he xa hdi. Dilu do cd nghia, con ngfldi khdng the tdn tai va phat triln nlu khdng quan he va hoat dpng vdi ngfldi khac. Khi eon ngfldi cung tham gia hoat ddng vdi nhau thi t i t ye'u phai cd mdt "y chi dilu khien", hay Id phai cd tac nhan quan ly ndu mud'n dat tdi trat tfl va hieu qua. Mat khac, con ngfldi thdng
qua hoat ddng de thda man nhu cau ma thda mdn nhu cau nay lai phat sinh nhu cau khac; vi vay, con ngfldi phai tham dfl vao nhieu hinh thfle hoat dpng vdi nhieu loai hinh td chflc khac nhau.
Do dd, hoat ddng quan ly tdn tai nhfl mdt t i t yeu d mpi loai hinh va cip dp c i a td chfle, trong dd td chflc kinh td' ehi la mpt trong nhflng loai hinh td chflc cd ban c i a eon ngfldi.
ThU hai, hogt ddng qudn ly bidu hiin mdi quan he giita con ngUdi vdi con ngudi. ThQc cha't cia quan he giQa eon ngfldi vdi eon ngfldi trong quan ly Id quan he giQa e h i the quan ly (ngfldi quan ly) va ddl tfldng quan ly (ngfldi bi quan ly). Mpt trong nhflng dae trflng ndi bat eua hoat ddng quan ly so vdi cac hoat dpng khac Id d chd: Cac hoat ddng cu the cua eon ngfldi la bieu hien eia mdi quan he gifla c h i thd (con ngfldi) vdi ddl tUdng e i a nd (linh vUc phi con ngudi), edn hoat ddng quan ly thUc chit la quan ly con ngUdi, hay quan ly hoat ddng eia eon ngUdi cf nhflng linh vfle xac dinh. Do vay, quan ly la bilu hien cia mdi quan he gifla con ngfldi vdi con ngfldi. Tac ddng quan ly (muc tidu quan ly, ndi dung quan ly va phfldng thfle quan ly) cd sfl khae biet so vdi tac ddng c i a eae hoat ddng khae.
Thit ba, qudn ly la tdc dgng co y thUc. Chi the quan ly tae ddng tdi ddl tfldng quan ly (nhiing con ngfldi hien thfle) de dilu khiln va dieu chinh hdnh vi, phat huy cao nhit tilm ndng va nang Iflc cua tifng ca nhan, nhdm, cpng ddng hay to chflc nhim hodn thanh muc tieu chung. Chinh vi vay, tie ddng
quan ly (bao gdm muc tieu, ndi dung va phfldng thfle quan ly) cia c h i t h i quan Iy tdi ddi tfldng quan ly phai la tac ddng ed y thfle, nghia Id tac ddng bing tinh cdm (tam ly), dfla tren cd sd tri thUc khoa hpc (khach quan, dung din) va bing y chi (thi hien ban linh). Cd nhfl vdy, chi t h i quan ly mdi tao ra dfldc anh hfldng tich cflc ddl vdi ddl tfldng quan ly.
Thit tu, qudn ly Id tdc dong bdng quyin lUc. Hoat ddng quan ly dfldc tie'n hdnh tren ed sd cac edng cu, phfldng tidn vd each thfle tac ddng nhit dinh.
Tuy nhien, khae vdi eae boat ddng khac, hoat ddng quan ly chi cd thd tdn tai nhd yeu to quyen Iflc (ed the eoi quyln Iflc Id mdt cdng eu, phfldng tidn dac biet). Vdi tu each sflc manh dflde thfla nhan, quyln iQc la nhan to' giup chu thd quan ly tac ddng tdi ddl tQdng quan ly dd dilu khiln hdnh vi cia hp. Quyen Iflc dfldc bieu hien thdng qua eae quye't dinh quan ly, cac nguyen tic quan ly, cac che dp, ehinh sach,v.v.. Nhd cd quyln Iflc md c h i thd quan ly mdi dam trach dflde vai trd cua minh Id duy tri trat tfl ky cfldng, xac lap sfl phat trien dn dinh va bin vflng cua to chflc. Hdn the nQa, each thQc s i dung quyen iQc eua chi the quan ly cd y nghia quye't dinh tdi tinh chat va dac dilm eua boat ddng quan ly, vdn hda quan ly, dac bidt la phong each quan ly.
ThU ndm, qudn ly Id tdc ddng theo quy trinh. Cac boat dpng eu the thfldng dUdc tiln hanh tren cd sd nhQng kien thQc chuyen mdn, nhQng ky ning tac nghiep cia nd, cdn hoat ddng quan ly
dupe tiln hanh theo mdt quy trinh bao gdm: Lap k l hoach, td chQc, lanh dao va kiem tra. Dd la quy trinh chung cho mpi nha quan ly va mpi linh vfle quan ly. N6 dfldc gpi la cac chflc nang cd ban cua quan ly va mang tinh "ky thuat hpc"
eua hoat ddng quan ly. Vdi quy trinh nhfl vay, hoat dpng quan ly dfldc coi la mdt dang lao dpng mang tinh gian tiep vd tdng hdp. Nghia Id, nhiing boat dpng nay khdng tnic tiep tao ra san phim md nhd thfle hien cac vai trd dinh hudng, thilt ke', duy tri, thue diy va dilu chinh de tfl dd gian tilp tao ra nhieu san pham hdn va mang lai hi§u qua cao hdn cho to chfle.
Thli sdu, qudn ly Id hogt ddng di phdi hop cdc ngudn lUc. Thdng qua tac dpng ed y thfle, bing quyln Iflc, theo quy trinh ma hoat ddng quan ly mdi co thd phdl hdp cac ngudn Iflc ben trong va ben ngoai to chfle. Cac ngudn Iflc dfldc phdl hdp bao gdm: Nhan Iflc, vdt Iflc, tai Iflc vd tin lUc. Nhd sfl phoi hdp gifla cac ngudn liic do ma quan ly trd thanh tac nhan dac biet quan trpng trong vide tao nen hdp iQc ehung tren ed sd nhflng hdp Iflc ridng, tao ndn sflc manh tdng hdp, hoan thanh mue tieu chung mdt each hidu qua.
ThU bdy, qudn ly nhdm hUdng tdi thUc hiin muc tiiu chung. Hieu qua cua eae hoat ddng cu t h i dfldc do bing kit qua eudi ciing ma n6 mang l^i nham thda man nhu ciu c i a c h i the b m6t mflc dp nha't dinh, cdn hoat ddng quan ly, ngoai viec thda man nhu ciu ridng eua c h i the thi quan trpng hdn la phai dap Qng dflde ldi ich c i a ddl tfldng.
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TRAN NGOC LIEU Trong thiie tien quan ly, khdng phai luc
nao muc tieu chung cflng dfldc thfle hien mot each triet de. Dieu do tuy thudc vao dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi c i a tflng giai doan lich s i n h i t dinh.
Nhiing xung ddt ve ldi ich gifla chi the quan ly vdi ddi tUdng quan ly thudng xuyen tdn tai; vi vay, xet de'n cung, hoat dpng quan Iy phai tao ra cac tac dpng tich eUc nhim khic phuc nhflng xung dot a'y. MQc dp giai quyet xung dot va thilt lap sii thd'ng n h i t v l ldi ich la tieu chi dae biet quan trpng dd danh gia mQc dd Qu viet c i a cac md hinh quan ly trong thQc td'.
ThU tdm., qudn ly Id hogt ddng vita mang tinh khoa hgc, vUa mang tinh nghi thudt. Tinh khoa hpc cia hoat ddng quan ly thd hidn d chd, eae nguyen tie quan ly, phQcing phap quan ly, cac chflc nang c i a quy trinh quan ly va cac quyet dinh quan ly phai dfldc xay diing tren ed sd nhiing tri thQc, kinh nghiem ma nha quan ly cd dflde thdng qua qua trinh nhan thfle vd trai nghidm trong thfle tidn. Dieu do cd nghia, hoat ddng quan ly phai phfl hdp vdi dieu kien khach quan, phu hdp vdi nang Iflc hien ed eia to chflc eung nhQ xu hQdng phat triln t i t ye'u e i a to chQc iy. Tinh nghe thuat e i a hoat ddng quan ly t h i hidn d qua trinh thfle thi cac quylt dinh quan ly trong thfle tien vd bieu hien ro net trong vide van dung phfldng phap quan ly, Ifla ehpn phong each va nghe thuat lanh dao. Tinh khoa hpc va tinh nghe thuat trong quan ly cd mdi quan he mat thiet vdi nhau va dfldc bilu hien d ta't ea cac npi dung eua tac dpng quan ly.
Dieu do tao nen dac trflng ndi bat cia hoat ddng quan ly so vdi nhiing boat ddng khae.
ThU chin, hogt ddng qudn ly cd mdi quan hi thdng nhdt vdi hogt ddng tU qudn. Quan Iy vd tu quan la hai mat ddi lap cia mdt ehinh the. Hoat ddng quan ly dUde thUe hien mdt each khoa hpc, khdng ed sU ap dat quyen lUc mdt chieu tfl phia c h i the. Id sU tae ddng qua lai giQa e h i the vd ddl tUdng. Hoat dpng quan ly vd boat ddng tfl quan ly c6 sfl thd'ng nhit vdi nhau, quan ly bao ham trong nd yeu td' tfl quan. Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh hfldng tdi tfl do e i a con ngfldi, khdng phai khi nao va khdng phai d dau cflng cd the dat tdi sfl thd'ng n h i t gifla quan ly vd tfl quan.
NhQng mau thuan giQa hoat ddng quan ly vd hoat ddng tQ quan ly can phai dfldc giai quye't trong tflng na'c thang c i a sfl phat trien. Qua trinh do c6 the dflde gpi la quan ly tiem can tdi tfl quan.
4. Vai t r o c i a quan ly
Quan ly la mdt hoat ddng hay mpt hinh thfle lao ddng dae biet. Nd liy cac hoat ddng cu the lim doi tUdng de tac ddng nhim dinh hfldng, thie't ke, duy tri, phat triln, dieu chinh va phdl hdp cac hoat dpng dd thanh mot hdp liic dl hfldng tdi hodn thanh muc tieu c i a td chfle. Chinh ^d vay, xet ve mat tdng the, quan ly cd nhflng vai trd sau:
ThU nhdt, vai tro dinh hudng: Hoat ddng quan ly vdi tfl each Id y chi dieu khien eia mot cdng ddng ngfldi, mpt td chflc ngfldi ed the dinh hfldng cac boat ddng eua cac thanh vien theo mpt vectd
chung. Vai trd dinh hfldng eia hoat ddng quan ly dflde bieu hien ehi ylu thdng qua chfle nang lap ke hoach. Ban chit cia Idp k l hoach ehinh la xac dinh muc tieu, phfldng an va ngudn Iflc thQc hien mue tieu. Vide xac dinh muc tieu dung din, phu hdp se giup cho td chQc van hanh, phat triln dung hfldng va ddng thdi flng phd vdi sfl bit dinh cia mdi trfldng quan ly.
ThU hai, vai trd thiii ki': Dl thfle hien muc tieu vdi cac phfldng an vd cac ngudn Iflc da dQde xac dinh thi cin phai ed "kich ban". Chinh vi vay, thdng qua chQc nang td chfle ma cac hoat ddng quan ly se thfle hien vai trd thilt k l cia nd. Vai trd thilt k l hdn quan tdi eae npi dung nhfl; Xay dflng cd eiu td chflc, xae dinh bien chi, phan cdng edng vide, giao quyln vd chuan bi cac ngudn Iflc khae.
Thfle hien td't nhflng ndi dung ndy se la tien de va dieu kidn dae biet quan trpng ddl vdi hieu qua eia boat ddng quan ly.
ThU ha, vai tro duy tri vd thuc ddy:
Vai trd nay dQde the hien qua chQc ndng lanh dao cia quy trinh quan ly.
Nhd CO he thd'ng nguyen tie quan ly (ndi quy, quy chd) mdi ed the bit budc chi the quan ly va ddl tQdng quan ly boat ddng trong gidi ban quyen Iflc va thdm quyln cia hp. Day la nhan td' dac biet quan trpng gdp phan tao nen trdt tfl, ky cfldng, tinh dn dinh, bin vflng cia mdt td chQc. SQ phu hdp cia he thd'ng chinh sach vl nhan Ifle, vat Ifle, tai Iflc, tin Iflc, sfl phu hdp eia phong each quan ly va hoat dpng quan ly se la dpng Iflc quan trpng thuc day nang Iflc sang tao cia ngfldi lao ddng.
ThU tu, vai trd diiu chinh: Thdng qua chflc nang kilm tra md hoat ddng quan ly the hidn vsii tro dilu ehinh eua nd. Tren ed sd eae tieu ehi da dflde xay dflng dl do Ifldng k i t qua hoat ddng cua td chfle, hoat dpng quan ly se dfla ra cac giai phap nhim dieu chinh nhiing sai lech, s i a ehfla nhiing sai lim, tfl do dam bao cho td chflc phat tridn theo dung mue tieu da d l ra.
Thii ndm, vai tro phd'i hop: Thdng qua cac chflc nang nhQ Idp ke hoach, td chQc, Idnh dao va kiem tra ma hoat ddng quan ly bieu hien vai trd phdl hdp cia nd. Ban chat c i a hoat ddng quan ly la phdi hdp cac ngudn Iflc (nhan Iflc, vat lUc, tai Iflc, tin liic.) dl ed dUdc sdc manh tdng hdp nhim thfle hien muc tieu chung.
Nhfl vay, tfl gdc nhin triet hpc, co t h i thiy ring, cd nhieu tiep can va quan niem khac nhau ve quan ly.
Quan ly tdn tai dfldi eae loai hinh hit sflc phong phu, da dang. Tuy nhidn, du tdn tai d loai hinh va cip dp nao thi quan ly vin la bilu hien c i a mdi quan he gifla ngfldi v6i ngfldi. Quan ly la quan ly eon ngfldi - xa hpi, nghia la, quan ly cac hoat ddng, cac linh viic trong cudc sd'ng hang ngay c i a con ngfldi. Quan ly la hoat ddng t i t ylu v&
phd bien, la tac ddng c6 y thfle, bang quyen lUe, theo quy trinh dl phdi hdp cac ngudn Iflc n h i m thUc hidn muc tieu chung c i a td chflc trong dieu kien kinh te - xa hdi n h i t dinh. Chinh vi vay, quan ly ngdy cang ddng vai trd quan trpng trong sfl phat triln c i a xa h6i, n h i t la trong xa hdi hidn dai. Q
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