TAP CHi KHOA HQC BiM HQC VAN LANG U Thj Thu Ha va tgk
QUAN TR! TAI SAN TRI TUE tf CAC TRl/aNG DAI HOC COA VIET NAM
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAMESE UNIVERSITIES LETHJTHUHA^'^ va NGUYEN THANH KHANCf"^
TOM TAT', Qudn tri tdi sdn tri tue duge hiiu vdi ngkia rgng nhdt, khong chi la vi^c tgo Igp vd bao ve cdc tri thuc dugc tao ra md qudn tri tdi sdn tri tu4 Id tim ra ca hgi tot nhdt tren tki trudng de ung dung vd khai thac cdc kit qud sdng tgo do. Vi&: van dung cdc quy trinh vd mo hinh qudn tri toi san tri tue tgi cdc truang dgi hgc cua Vi§t Nam con khd kgn che. Tren ca saphdn tich thuc trgng hogt dgng qudn tri tdi sdn tri tue tgi trumig dgi hoc theo 5 birdc sau: Lgp ki hogch qudn trj tdi sdn tri tu$, tgo lap tdi sdn tri tu4, ddng ky bdo kg quyin sd hihi tri tue, khai thdc thuang mai tdi sdn tri tue. danh gid vd bdo cao hieu qud qudn tri tdi sdn tri tue. Bdi viet dua ra mot so gidi phdp vd dink hudng nhdm thuc ^y hogt dgng nay d Viet Nam.
Tir khoa: qudn tri tdi sdn tri tue, trudng dgi hoc, Idiai thdc tdi sdn tri tu4, thuang mai hda tdi sdn tri tue.
ABSTRACT: Intellectual Asset Management (lAM) in a broader meaning, refers not only to the creation and protection of intelligence but aba finding the best opportunities in the market to apply arul exploit those initiatives. The application of the processes and the model of Intellectual Asset Management at the universities in Vietnam is relatively limited.
Based on the analysis of the activities of Intellectual Asset Management at the universities following 5 steps: Planning of lAM; Creation of lAM; Registration of lAM;
commercialized ejqtloitation of lAM; and evaluation and reporting of lAM The paper therefore proposed several useful recommendations and orientations promoting these activities in Vietnam.
Key words: intellectual property management, intellectual property e3q>loitation, intellectual property commercialism.
1. DAT VAN DE tri tuS d trudng dai hoc gdm nhfhig thdng Trudng dai hpc vdi hai chuc nang tin mdi va nhihig kit qua nghien cuu huu chinh: dao t^o va nghi§n cihi la noi ddng ich, khong chi dan den nhihig tien bo quan gdp tryc tiep vao vi$c tang cudng kha nSng trpng trong khoa hpc k^ thuat ma cdn dong sang tao va ting dung c^c kit qua sang tao gdp het siic to Idn v ^ viec hilu bi^ nhilu trong cac ITnh vyc cua ddi song. Sang tao hon vh khoa hpc xa hoi va nhan van.
*** PGS.TS. Truong D9I h^c Ngosd flnicmg, EmaU: [email protected]
*"' ON. Tniemg D^ii hgc Ngoai Ihirong, Email: [email protected]
TAP CHl KHOA HOC BAI HQC VAN LANG So 01/2017 Khong nhihig the, sdng tao tri tue cac
trudng dai hpc vua Id nhung thanh td tao nen gia tn, tinh hoa cua qudc gia, cd nhiem vu ddng gdp cho van hda, khoa hpc vd xa hpi ciia ddt nude, vua ddng thdi la nhOng nghien cuu co tinh chdt qudc te, gan ket vdi nhihig xu hudng tri tue va khoa hpc toan cdu.Vi vay, cac sdng tao tri tue d cac trudng dai hoc thuc su trd thanh nhihig tai san ddc biet cdn dupe qudn tri de mang lai gid tri cho chinh cdc nha nghien cuu, trudng dai hpc va cpng ddng.
Bdi viet phan tich khdi niem, npi dung qudn trj tai sdn tri tue d trudng dai hpc;
thuc trang hoat dpng quan tri tai san tri tue d cdc trudng dai hpc cua Viet Nam; va de xuat mpt so gidi phap tang cudng boat dpng qudn tri tai sdn tri tue cho cac trudng dai hpc cua Viet Nam.
2. KHAI NIEM VA NQI DUNG QUAN TRI TAI SAN TRI TUE CUA T R U O N G DAI HQC
2.1. Khai ni?m tai san tri tue va quan tri tdi san tri tu?
Khai niem "Tai sdn tri tue" dupe dua ra bdi Td chirc Sd huu tri tue thS gidi la tri Ihilc do con ngudi tao ra thdng qua hoat dpng sdng tao, cd kha nang img dung va tao ra gia trj tir viec su dung tri thuc dd. Su khdc biet giira tai san tri tue va cac loai tai san v6 hinh khac nhu ngudn nhdn luc, cdc mdi quan h$ va van hoa doanh nghiep d chd tai san tri tue cd khd ndng thuong mai hda dupe frong khi nhiing tai san vd hinh con lai thi khdng. Khi cac tdi sdn nay dupe bdo ve dudi gdc dp phap ly se trd thanh cac quyen sd hiru tri tue.
Trudng dai hpc bao gdm 4 hoat dpng chinh la gidng day, nghien cilu, xudt ban
phdt hanh dn pham, tu vdn va chuyen giao cdng nghe. Vi vay, sd luong cdc tdi sdn tri tue dupe tao ra la rat Idn. Theo dilu 3 quy djnh ve sd hihi tri tue trong eo sd giao diic dai hpc theo Quyk djnh sd 78/2008/QD- BGDDT ve quan ly boat ddng sd hCm tri tue trong c a sd giao due dai hpc, do Bp Giao due vd Dao tao ban hdnh ngay 29 thang 12 nam 2008: "tdi sdn tri tu§ trong ca sd gido due dai hpc Id quyen sd hCru tri tue va cac tai san khdc (quyen ddi vdi sang kien, gidi phap hop ly hda trong giao due va dao tao va cac ddi tuong khdc) phdt sinh tir cdc boat ddng dao tao, khoa hpc va cong nghe".
Cac tdi sdn tri tue thudc nhdm quySn sd hihi Ui tue d cdc trudng dai hpc cd thS tdn tji d nhiSu loai hinh khac nhau: quyjn tdc gid, quyen lien quan (ddi vdi cac tu lieu giang day, sdch bdo, tap chi, gido trinh...);
sang chi, giai phdp huu ieh (ddi vdi cac giai phdp ky thuat, cdng nghf...), ban quyen phan mdm chuong trinh may tinh, kieu ddng cdng nghiep; quydn ddi v6i gidng edy trdng.
Qudn tri tai san tri tue dupe hiSu vdi nghTa rdng nhdt, khdng chi Id viec tao lap va bdo ve cdc tri thuc dupe tao ra ma quan tri tai san tri tue la tim ra co hpi tdt nhdt tren thj trudng dd ung dung vd khai thac cdc ket qua sang tao dd [2, tr.9]. Viec van dung cdc quy trinh va md hinh qudn tri tdi sdn tri tue ndi ehung dupe chia lam hai hudng. Hudng thii nhdt la tidn hanh danh gid tdng hpp cdc tai san tri tue d cap dp trung md (cdc cpng ddng, nganh cdng nghiep,...) va d cdp dp vT md (cdc thanh phd, cdc vimg, cac khu vuc, cdc qudc gia).
Hudng nghien ciru thir hai duoc cac nha
28
TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Le Thi Thu Ha va tgk
nghien ciiu quan tam la van dyng cac khung ly thuyet \k quan trj tai san tri tue vao cac td chiic cdng cdng d cap dp vi md, vi du: cac trudng dai hpc, cac vien nghien cuu,... Theo Altenburger va Schaffhauser- Linzatti thi viec ap dung khung ly thuyet ve tai san tri tue ciia cac cdng ty vao cac trudng dai hgc hoac vien nghien ciiu cd the giup cho cac trudng dai hpc ho^c vien nghien ciiu xac dinh mdt each chinh xac diem manh va diem yeu ve cau tnic cua nd, eQng nhu se giiip danh gia tinh trang hien tai trong viec bao ve cac cdng trinh nghien ciiu khoa hpc, va nd se trd thanh mdt cdng cu kiem soat va giam sat chat lupng hieu qua.
2.2. Noi dung quan tri tai san tri tue trong truong a§ii hpc
Quan tri tai san tri tue se giup cac doanh nghiep, td chiic cd the tao ra them dupe cac ngudn luc tri tue khac, khai thac cac Ipi ich kinh te tii cac tai san tri tue mdt each hieu qua [3]. Cac md hinh quan tri tai san tri tue thudng td chiic theo 5 bude sau:
Lap ke hoach quan tri tai san tri tue, tao lap tai san tri tue, dang ky bao hd quyen sd huu tri tue, khai thac thuang mai tai san tri tue, danh gia va bao cao hieu qua quan trj tai san tri tue.
Lap ke hogch: xay dung ke hoach la n6n tang ca sd cho cac quyet dinh quan tri tai san tri tue va eUng cung cap Id trinh cho boat dpng quan tri nay. Ddi vdi cac trudng dai hgc, noi dung ca ban ciia ke hoach quan tri tai san tri tue bao gdm:
- Muc tieu va chien lupc ve sd huu tri tue va quan tri tai san tri tue ciia cac trudng dai hpc;
- Dy bao cac tai san tri tue dugc phat sinh va xay dyng ke hoach tai chinh hang nam cho cac boat dpng sd huu tri tue cua cac trudng dai hpc;
- Td chiic tuyen truyen, phd bien kien thiic ve chinh sach, phap luat qudc gia va qudc te ve sd hihi tri tue;
- Td chiic boat dpng thdng tin sd hihi tri tue: xay dung co sd du- lieu sd huu tri tue phuc vu cdng tac quan ly va dap ling nhu cau ve thdng tin ciia cac to chiic, ca nhan cua cac trudng dai hpc; trang bj phuang tien tra ciiu, cung cap thdng tin (may tinh, phan mem tra ciiu...) cho cac td chiic, ca nhan cua cac trudng dai hpc;
- Td chiic boat ddng tu van, hd trp viec xac lap va bao ve quyen sd hiru ddi vdi tai san tri tue ciia cac trudng dai hpc;
- Td chiic tiep nhan khai bao, danh gia sa bd kha nang bao hd va tiem nang thuang mai hda cac tai san tri tue;
- Td chiic viec xac lap quyen sd hiiu tri tue; phan tich danh gia thj trudng thuang mai tiem nang; td chiic dam phan, ky kel chuyen giao cac tai san tri tue;
- Xay dyng cac chuang trinh hd trp phat trien boat ddng sang tao nham tao ra tai san tri tue trong cac trudng dai hpc;
Td chiic phdi hgp vdi cac co quan khac trong viec thye hien hoat ddng sd hiiu tri tue va quan tri tai san tri tue cua cac trudng dai hpc;
Td chiic kiem tra viec thuc hien quyen sd hiiu ddi vdi tai san tri tue trong cac trudng dai hpc.
Tgo lap tdi sdn tri tue: tai san tri tue co the dupe tao ra thdng qua cac hinh thiic dau tu, nghien ciiu va phat trien (Research and Development: R&D). Qua trinh tao lap tai
TAP CHI KHOA HQC BAI HQC VAN LANG S^ 01/2017 san tri tup keo dai tii khau dinh hinh y
tudng, nghiSn ciiu, phan tich, hinh thanh tai sdn tri hie sa khai, nghien cuu phat trien, cai tiln, hinh thanh tai san tri tue hoan chinh.
Ddi vdi cac hordng d^i hpc, viec t^o l|.p tai san tri tu6 se chii ylu bdt ngu6n tu boat ddng nghiSn ciiu, trong do bao gdm ca hoat ddng nghien ciiu khoa hpc thdng thudng va boat ddng nghiSn ciiu phuc vy giang day. Cac trudng dai hpc cilng clin chii 1? mpt sd diim de cac thanh qua nghien ciiu cd kha nang dupe bao hd quyen sd huu tri tu?, phuc vu cho bude tiep theo trong quy trinh quan trj tdi san tri tuS.
Trudc hSt, cac nha nghien ciiu can phai biet each sii dung va khai thac thdng tin sd h&u tri tue mdt each hi?u qua. Cac dii li$u thdng tin sd hiiu tri tue la ngudn cung cdp cac dii kien ban dau vd cung quan trpng cho boat ddng nghien ciiu, ling dung, triin khai. Chii dl eua nghien ciiu va triin khai cdn phai danh gia tu gdc dp sang che va cdc quyIn sd hihi tri tue khac. Nhd cd thdng tin sd huu tri tu?, dae biet la thdng tin sang chi, se tranh dupe vi?c nghien ciiu trung lap, tilt kiem dupe thdi gian va chi phi, djnh hudng nghien ciiu cac san ph3m dap ling diing nhu cSu ciia thi trudng va tao Ipi the so vdi cac dii thii canh tranh, dae biSt la nham tranh viec xam pham, vi pham quyen sd httu tri tue cua ngudi khac.
Dieu d^c bi8t c4n quan tam nira la vi^c khSng dupe bpc 16 cdng khai npi dung don horde khi ngp dan nham tranh mdt tinh mdi ciia sang chi, kilu dang cdng nghiep ygu cau bao hg.
Ddng ky bdo hg quyen sd hiru tri tu?:
phap luat sd hiiu tri tue cua Vigt Nam chia
cac ddi tugng sd hihi tri tu6 ra thanh 3 nhdm:
- Ddi tupng quy^n tac gid bao gdm tac ph4m van hpc, ngh? thuat, khoa hpc; d6i tupng quyen lien quan den quySn tac gia bao gdm cupc bieu dien, ban ghi am, ghi hinh, chuang trinh phat sdng, tin hi^u vS tinh mang chuang trinh dupe md hda.
- Ddi tuong quySn sd hihi cdng nghigp bao gdm sang che, kieu dang cdng nghi$p, thilt kl bd tri m^ch tich hpp ban din, bi mat kinh doanh, nhan hieu, ten thuang mai va chi dan dia ly.
- Ddi tupng quyen ddi vdi gi5ng cSy trdng Id gidng cay trdng va vdt liSu nh§n gidng.
Mpt ddi tugng sd hihi tri tu? neu thoa man cdc dieu kien bdo hd dde quyen tuang ling ciia phap ludt sd hihi tri tu? va dugc cac td chiic xiic tien day du cdc bi8n phap ho|ic thii tue bao hp thich ling, sB giiip xac lap mgt quyen sd hiiu tri tu? cho tl chiic nhu: bang dpc quyIn sang chi, bang d6c quyen kieu dang cdng nghiep, gidy chung nhdn dang ky nhan hieu...
Giai doan bdo hp phap 1;^ cho cac tai sdn tri tue chinh Id tiln hanh cac thu tue phap ly can thiet dS xac lap quyIn sd hihi tri tu? tr8n cac tai san tri tue dd hoge tiln hanh cac bien phdp ty bao ve hgp ly dii veil cac tai sdn tri tue dupe bao hp tu dpng (nhu bi mdt kinh doanh, quyIn tac gia, quyen lien quan,...). Ngoai ra, bdo hp phap lycho tai sdn tri tue ciing bao gdm viSc ra so^t, kiem tra, tilp nh^n thdng tin tii ben ngoai de lya chpn cdc biSn phap chdng lai cac hanh vi xam pham quyIn vd c^nh tranh khdng lanh manh din tii cac chii thi khac.
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN LANG Le Thi Thu Ha va igk Khai thdc thuang mai tdi sdn tri tu$:
khai thac tai sdn tri tue la viec thye hien cac bien phap kinh te de thu dupe loi nhuan tir viec SIX dung tai san tri tue ma chu the cd dugc. Hoat dpng khai thac thucmg mai cac tai san tri tue d cac trudng dai hpc gdm cac ndi dung ca ban sau: xdc dinh cac yeu td cd kha nang khai thac thuang mai cua tai san tri tue; lap danh sach, phan tich va danh gia ddi tdc tiem nang cd nhu cau su dung tai sdn tri tue; danh gid hinh thirc khai thac thuang mai khd thi ddi vdi tai san tri tue;
tien hdnh khai thdc thuang mai ddi vdi tai san tri tue mpt each chii ddng hoac thdng qua hop tac vdi cac chu the khac; phan chia Ipi ich kinh te giu'a tdc gid, trudng dai hpc va cac chii the tham gia hop tac khai thac thuang mai tai sdn tri tue.
Do boat dpng chuyen mdn hda cua cac trudng dai hoc chi la giang day va nghien ciiu nen de tang hieu qud kinh te tu boat ddng khai thac va thuang mai hda san pham, cac trudng dai hpc thudng tien hdnh hpp tdc vd chuyen giao cdng nghe vdi cac vien nghien ciiu va dae biet la vdi cac doanh nghiep.
Cdc trudng dai hpc hoac vien nghien ciiu thudng nam giir cac ket qua nghien ciiu CO bdn ma doanh nghiep can. Vdi rat nhieu cdng ty, viec ky ket cac hop ddng nghien ciiu vdi cac trudng dai hpc hoac vien nghien ciiu san cd nhimg nghien ciiu co ban se giiip doanh nghiep tiet kiem thdi gian va chi phi hem la phai tien hanh xay dyng lai ca sd ha tang hoac nghien cuu lai cac ca sd da cd dd.
Hgp lac giira trudng dai hpc va cac vien nghien ciiu cung la mot cong cu rat hiru bieu de thiic day thuang mai hoa cac
cdng nghe chua duac kiem chiing bat ngudn tii cac trudng dai hpc, vien nghien ciiu. Tuy nhien, sy hop tdc tren se khdng dat dupe hieu qud nhu mong dpi neu thieu sy quan ly mdt cdch hgp ly danh muc cac bang dgc quyen sang che cung nhu cac tai san tri tue khoa hgc cdng nghe khac tai trudng dai hpc, vien nghien ciiu. Cac cdng nghe bat ngudn tu trudng dai hpc, vien nghien ciiu thudng chua chin mudi va khdng hoan chinh, va doanh nghiep se coi viec dau tu vao nhiing cdng nghe nhu vay la qua mao hiem. Hem nira, viec chuyen giao cac kien thiic hien cd tir trudng dai hpc cho cdng ty ben ngodi Id khdng du de cai thien nhung khiem khuyet lien quan den cdng nghe dd. Viec hgp tac vdi trudng dai hgc va vien nghien ciiu ciing dupe xem nhu la mot bien phap de gidm thieu cac nguy ca nii ro doi vdi mdt cdng nghe. Hpp tac nghien ciiu va md hinh khdi tao doanh nghiep la nhimg md hinh cd hieu qua cho viec dem lai sy nhip nhang va hoan chinh khi chuyen giao kien thiic vd thuang mai hda cdng nghe.
Ddnh gid vd bdo cao hieu qud qudn tri tdi sdn tri tue: Danh gia va bao cao hieu qua ciia boat ddng quan tri tai san tri tue la vd CLing can thiet, giiip doanh nghiep va to chiic nhin nhan dupe cac diem manh, diem yeu trong qua trinh quan tri tai san tri tue, tir do de ra cac bien phap cai tien quy trinh, ke hoach cho hgp ly hon.
De danh gia dinh lugng dugc hieu qua ciia boat dgng quan tri tai san tri tue, cac trudng dai hgc eo the sii dung mo hinh danh gia tai san tri tue ciia Sveiby va ap dung mo hinh cCia
TAP CHi KHOA HQC BAI HQC VAN LANG SlOl/2017 Sveiby ddi vdi trudng dai hpc dupe de xuat
bdi Dumitru.
Sveiby dua ra 3 chi sd chinh de danh gia hieu qud qua trinh qudn trj tai san tri tue: sy tang trudng va doi mdi, tinh hieu quavadg 6ndinh [5].
Cac chi sd d l do ludng cdu tnic ben trong bao gdm:
- Su tdng trudng vd doi mdi: dau tu vao ciu tnic ben trong, dau tu vao he thdng
xii ly thdng tin, ddng gdp cua khach hang vdo cdu tnic ben trong ciia td chiic;
- Tinh hiiu qud: ty le nhdn vien ho trg, doanh thu tren mdi nhan vien bd trp, danh gia gia tri vd thai dg nhan vien;
- Do on dinh: dp tudi ciia to chiic, doanh thu nhan vien hd trg, ty le nhan vien mdi;
Bang 1. Do ludng tai san tri tu? d cac trudng dai hpc [1]
Tdng trudng
Ddi mdi sdng tgo
Tinh hieu qud
Do on dinh
Cau triic ben ngoai Tang trudng ca ban - su gia tang ve sd lupng sinh vien va pham vi lanh thd dao tao Nang cao hinh anh ciia cac cuu sinh vien (vi du: cuu sinh vien dat giai Nobel) So lupng sinh vien trao doi (Exchange Student)
Tong sd sinh vien bo hpc
Xac dinh C/?/5d' hdi long ciia sinh vien
Cau true ben trong Phat trien ca sd mdi Dau tu vao ca sd ha ting
Dau tu vao cong nghe thdng tin
Doi mdi chuang trinh dao tao
Ty le nhan vien hanh chinh tren can bg giang day
Xac dinh Chi so hdi long ciia. can bd nhan vien
Tuoi ciia td chirc Ty le nhan vien mdi
Nang luc ca nhan
Xac dinh Chi sd ndng lue cho cac can bd, nhan vien, giang vien ddi vdi boat dpng giang day, nghien ciiu Chi phi ddo tao tren moi giao su.
Chuang trinh trao ddi giao su giu'a cac trudng.
Su da dang ciia can bp giang day va nghien ciiu (tudi, gidi tinh, trinh dp va ITnh vyc chuyen mdn)
Sii dung cac giang vien va nha nghien ciiu phii hop vdi cac tieu chi ciia cdng viec yeu cau
Dpng luc phan dau ciia can bg nhan vien
Nguon: Dumitru, 2007 Cdc chi sd d6 do ludng
ngoai bao gdm: cau triic ben - Su lang trucmg va ddi mai: lai nhuan cho moi khach hang, tang trudng ca ban;
TAP c m KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Le Thi Thu Ha va tgk - Tinh kieu qud: chi sd hai idng ciia
khach bdng, chi sd lai - Id, doanh thu tren mdi khach hang;
- Do on dink: ty le khach hang thudng xuyen, co cau dp tudi, ty le khach bdng tan tdm, tin suat quay lai ciia dan hang.
Sii dung md hinh ciia Sveiby ve phan loai tai san tri tue vd ddnh gia hieu qud quan trj tai sdn tri tue ciia cac doanh nghiep va cac td chiic ndi chung, Dumitru da de xuat cac tieu chi de ddnh gia va do ludng tai san tri tue cua cac trudng dai hpc [1, tr.243-247].
Theo Dumitru, viec xac dinh cac tieu chi cu the va trpng sd ciia cac tieu chi dd trong boat ddng do ludng hieu qua hoat ddng qudn tri tai san tri tue ciia cac trudng dai hgc cdn phu thudc vao ca cau to chiic, quy trinh boat dgng cua cac trudng dai hgc [l,lr.243-247].
3. THU"C TRANG QUAN TRI TAI SAN TRI TUE TAI CAC TRUONG DAI HQC CUA VIET NAM
Ngay 29 thang 12 nam 2008, Bd Giao due va Dao tao da ban hanh Quy dinh ve quan ly boat dgng sd huu tri tue trong ca sd giao due dai hpc. Quy djnh do da giiip djnh hudng cac trudng dai hpc trong boat ddng qudn tri lai sdn tri tue hieu qua hem, tuy nhien boat dgng dd d cac trudng dai hgc vin chua thye su dupe chii trpng va cdn tdn tai nhieu ban che.
3.1. Hoat dong lap ke hoach qudn trj tai san tri tue
Hien nay hau het cac trudng dai hpc ciia Viet Nam deu chua cd ke hoach quan tri tai san tri tue cho dan vi minh. Viec chua cd ke hoach quan tri tai san tri tue mdt phan la do cac trudng dai hpc d Viet Nam
chua xay dung dupe quy che qudn trj tai san tri tue ndi bd de dieu chinh boat dpng quan tri nay. Quy djnh ve quan ly boat ddng sd hihi tri tue trong ca sd giao due dai hpc ciia Bd Giao due va Dao tao ban hanh ngay 29 thdng 12 nam 2008 chi cd vai trd djnh hudng ehung va mdi ca sd giao due dai hgc can dya vao cac dde diem rieng ciia minh de xay dyng quy che quan tri tai san tri tue rieng phu hgp vdi boat dpng va Imh vuc dae thii cua ca sd gido due dai hpc dd.
Tuy nhien hien tai chi cd mdt sd it cac trudng dai hpc cd quy che ve quan tri tai san tri tue nhu trudng Dai hgc Cong nghe Thdng tin (ban hanh ngay 06 thdng 07 nam 2012) Dai hpc Qudc gia Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh (ban hanh ngay 26 thang 02 ndm 2015),... ngoai mpt sd rat it cac trudng cd quy che ve quan tri tai san tri tue rieng thi tat ca cac trudng cdn lai deu chua xay dung dugc quy che nay hoac chi cd mdt sd quy dinh rieng re ciia cac phong, ban, khoa, dan vj tryc thudc ma chua cd sy thong nhat trong toan bd td chiic.
3.2. Hoat dong tao lap tai san tri tue Tieu chi de danh gia hieu qua cac boat dpng tao lap tdi sdn tri tue la sd lugng va chat luong (cd kha nang bao hg phap ly) ciia cac tai san tri tue duge tao ra. Tuy khdng CO sd lieu thong ke nao ve ty le dan dang ky sd hCm cdng nghiep cung nhu ty le van bang bao hd sd hihi eong nghiep ciia cac trudng dai hgc, nhung thong qua nghien ciiu Cdng bao Sd hthi cdng nghiep sd 323 thdng 02/2015 va sd 324 thang 03/2015 cd the nhan thay sd lugng dan dang ky sd htm cdng nghiep cung nhu so lugng van bang bao hd sd him cong nghiep ciia cac trudng dai hgc rat han chi.
TAP CHl KHOA HOC DAI HQC VAN LANG Bdi vdi cac ddi tupng ciia quyen tic gid vd quySn lien quan thi sd lugmg cao tai sdn tti hie thudc pham vi bao hd ciia quyen tac gid va quySn lien quan cua cdc frudng dfi hgc ciia Viet Nam cung rdt han che. Vi du, theo thdng ke Vien Thdng tin Khoa hgc aSI), trong giai doan 1996-2011, Vi$t Nam mdi cd 13.172 dn phdm khoa hoc cdng bd tren cdc tdp san qudc ti, bdng khodng mgt phdn nam ciia Thdi Lan (69.637), mdt phdn sau ciia Malaysia (75.530), va mdt phdn mudi ciia Singapore (126.881). DiSu dd ciing cho thdy chdt lugmg cdc cdng trinh nghien cilu ciia cdc trudng dai hgc Vi$t Nam tuong ddi thdp, khi cd tdi 90% cac bai bdo khoa hgc hi tCt chdi ddng tren cdc tjp chi khoa hgc hang dau.
3.3. Hoat d$ng bao ho quy^n sd hii-u tri tue
Vdi v i | c cac boat dgng qudn tri tdi sdn tri tug chua nhan dugc su quan tam diing miic cua cdc trudng dgi hgc thi cac trudng dai hgc thudng khdng cd cdc bien phdp dang ky bao hg quyen sd hiiu tri tue ddi vdi cac tai san tri tuS ciia minh. Trong bdi ednh canh Uanh nhu hien nay, sv thiSu quan tdm cua cac ttudng dai hgc s6 tao diSu kidn cho cdc hdnh vi xdm pham quy^n doi vdi cac tai sdn tri tud dd cd thd d l dang xay ra. Vi dii, tai cac trudng dai hgc, cac dn phdm xudt bdn nhu gido Uinh, tai lieu hgc tdp la cac ddi higng rdt d l bi xam pham quySn sd huu tri tue. Hien tugmg sinh vien sil dung gido trinh photo trong qua U-inh hgc tap cdn diln ra rdt phd biln. Hi$n higng dd 1dm gidm lgi ich kinh td ma cdc trudng dai hgc cd kha ndng khai thdc tir nhOng tdi sdn tri tuedd.
s i 01/2011 Thdng qua viec tra cilu tren thu vien si vd sd hthi cdng nghiep ciia Cue Sd hihi tri tue n h | n thdy sd lugmg cdc tai san W tii$
duge bao hg ciia cdc trudng dai hgc d Vi^t Nam tuomg ddi it, phdn Idn trong sd d6 IJ cac nhan hi$u va sang chd ma chii sd hiiu li Trudng Dai hgc Bach khoa Ha Ndi. Tinh ddn nam hgc 2012-2013, ca nude cd tdt ca 153 trudng dai hgc vd 185 trudng cao ddng nhung mdi chi cd tren 30 trudng dji hgc tiln hdnh ddng ky bao h0 thanh cdng nhSn hieu dich vy vdi ten nhan hidu la ten trudng dai hgc do cho nhdm sdn phdm, dich v\i so 41 theo bdng phan loai hdng hda dich vii Nice phiSn bdn 10.
3.4. Hoft ddng khai thdc thu-ovg mai t^i san t r i t u |
Mgt hinh thdc khai thdc, thuong mai hda tai san tri tue dugc trien khai khd thanh cdng va phd b i l n d cac trudng dai hgc nuac ngoai la phdt trien c a cdu td chiic, nang cap he thdng, chuyen ddi sang md hinh trudng dai hgc doanh nghidp (Entrepreneurial University). Tuy nhien hinh thuc khai thac, thuang mai hda tdi san tri tue nay l?i chira dugc vdn dyng d Viet Nam.
Theo phdn loai ciia OECD [4], co m{l sd cap dp td chiic cua cdc trudng d?i hgc nhu sau: trudng dai hpc dao t?o (Educational University), Trudng Dai hgc NghiSn ciiu (Research University), Trudng Dai hgc Doanh nghigp (Entrepreneurial University). Cdc trudng dai hgc cua Vi^l Nam hien nay hdu hdt ddu dugc td chirc theo md hinh trudng dai hgc dao tao vd d?i hpc nghiSn cuu. Viec khai thac vd thucmg mai hda cdc tai sdn tri tue (sdng che, giai phdp hu-u ich, kiSu dang cdng nghiep, lit phdm van hgc, nghS thudt, khoa hgc,...)
TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI HQC VAN LANG Le Tbj Thu Hi va tgk cua cac trudng dai hpc thudng thdng qua
m^t doanh nghiep khac ho^c do cac tac gid cua cac tai san tri tue ty thye hi§n. Cdc doanh nghiep nay cd he thdng qudn ly, tdm nhin, ca che van hanh, muc tieu kinh doanh dpc Igp va hoat dpng khdng phu thupc vao bo^t ddng giang day, nghien ciiu, tu van cua bat ky trudng dai hpc nao. Dieu nay cd the dan tdi cac xung dot loi ich trong qua trinh tbda thuan, hop tac khai thac va thuang m^i hda cac tai san tri tue. Viec chuyen ddi sang md hinh trudng dai hpc doanh nghiep se giup giai quyet cac ximg dpt gap phai trong qua trinh thucmg mai hda tai sdn tri tu$.
• ^ O ^ d u cap dp to chiic trudng dai hpc doanh nghiep cd nhieu lgi ich cho boat dpng qudn trj va thucmg mai hda tdi san tri tue nhung do chua tim dugc md hinh boat dpng phii hpp nen den nay mdi chi cd Trudng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Ndi cd co cdu td chuc gidng vdi cap dp td chiic trudng dai hpc doanh nghiep.
Nam 2008, dupe su ddng ^ cua Bp Gido due va Dao tao, Trudng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Ndi da cdng bd thdnh lap Cdng ty trach nhiem huu han mdt thanh vien Dau tu va Phdt trien Cdng nghe Bdeh khoa Hd Npi (BK-Holdings). Day la md hinh doanh nghiep thanh lap dudi sy quan ly ciia mdt trudng dai hpc ddu tien d Viet Nam. Den nay, BK-Holdings da cd 6 cdng ty thdnh vien ve chuyen giao cdng nghe v6i cac ITnh vuc boat dpng da dang. Tii khi dupe thdnh lap nam 2008, Cdng ty trach nhiem hihi ban mdt thanh vien Ddu tu va phat trien Cdng nghe Bach khoa Ha Ndi da thye hien tdt sii menh thuang mai hda cac tai sdn tri tue ciia Trudng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Ndi
va ho trp cac don vi nghien cihi cua trudng trong boat dpng nghien ciiu vd phat trien de nang cao gia tri cua cac tdi san tri tue.
Mdt trudng dai hpc cung cd sy lien ket dae biet chdt che vdi doanh nghiep la trudng dai hgc FPT. Tuy nhien, Trudng Dai hpc FPT la dan vi thanh vien va chiu su quan ly cua Cdng ty Cd phan FPT. Cdc cdng trinh nghien ciiu vd tdi san tri tue dupe t^o ra bdi Trudng Dai hpc FPT se dupe khai thac va thuong mai hda bdi cac cong ty thanh vien khac cua Cong ty Cd phIn FPT. Chiing ta khdng xem xet md hinh Trudng Dai hpc FPT nhu mdt trudng dai hpc doanh nghiep vi he thdng quan tri cao nhdt ciia mo hinh trudng dai hpc doanh nghiep thudc ve bd phdn gido due va bd phdn kinh doanh (doanh nghiep) chiu sy dieu hanh cua bg phan giao due, trong khi d Truong Dai hpc FPT thi he thong quan tri cao nhat thudc ve bp phdn kinh doanh, trudng dai hpc chiu su qudn ly ciia doanh nghiep.
3.5. Hoat dong danh gia va bao cao hieu qua quan tri tai san tri tuS
Do chua cd mpt ke hoach qudn trj tdi san tri tue hoan chinh nen boat dpng danh gid va bao cao bieu qua hoat dpng quan tri tai san tri tue ciing chua dugc chii trpng.
Hoat dpng danh gia va bao cao ve qudn trj tdi san tri tue d cac trudng dai hpc hien nay chi dung !ai d mpt sd hinh thiic sau:
- Bdo cao ve cdng tdc nghi6n ciiu khoa hpc va cdc cdng trinh dupe tao ra tu boat dpng nghien ciiu;
- Mdt sd bao cao ve tdi sdn con ngudi nhu ty le trinh do cua gidng vien, chat lupng dau ra ciia sinh vien,...;
TAP CHi KHOA HOC PAI HQC VAN LANG Ti6p nhan ddnh gia ciia cac td chiic nude ngoai vh thii bang ciia trudng dai hpc, tir dd danh gia thanh td thuang hieu trong tai san cdu tnic ben ngoai ciia trudng dai bpc.
4. M O T SO GIAI PHAP TANG ClTOfNG HOAT D O N G QUAN TRI TAI SAN TRI TUE CUA CAC T R U " 6 N G DAI HQC d VIET NAM
4.1. Ban hanh va hoan chinh quy che qudn trj tai san tri tue
De nang cao hieu qua boat ddng quan tri tai san tri tue, ngoai chiu sy dieu chinh ciia Quy djnh ve quan ly hoat ddng sd huu tri tue trong ca sd giao due dai hgc ciia Bd Giao due va Dao tao ban hanh ngay 29 thang 12 nam 2008, cac trudng dai hpc can nghien ciiu tinh hinh cu the cua td chuc va ban hanh quy dinh, quy che quan tri tai san tri tue npi bp. Quy che quan trj tai san tri tue ngi bd can co cac noi dung ca ban sau:
- Quy dinh ve quyen sd hiru ddi vdi tai san tri tue ciia cac chii the bao gdm trudng dai hgc, giang vien, sinh vien, la can cii phan chia cac tai san tri lue thugc quyen sd hiru tri tue ciia cbii tb§ nao;
- Quy djnh cac can eii xac djnh quySn doi vdi tac gia va dong tac gia cua cac tai san tri tue phat sinh;
- Quy dinh v§ viec thanh lap bp phan chuyen trach ve quan ly tai san tri tue ciia trudng dai hpc, nhiem vu va quy6n ban ciia bg phan chuyen trach vk quan ly tai san tri tue, cac khoa, bg mdn, phong, ban, dan vj true thupc doi vdi boat dgng quan ly va bao mat cac tai san tri tue;
- Quy djnh vk quyen va nghTa vu ciia cac ben lien quan trong boat dgng khai thac va thuang mai hoa cac tai san tri tue ciing
So 01/2017 vdi cac quy djnh chi tiet ve phdn chia thu nhap va Ipi ich tii boat ddng nay;
- Quy djnh ve viec xdy dyng ke hoach boat ddng sd hihi tri tue, tdng ket, ddnh gia cdng tac qudn ly ve boat ddng sd hiiu tri tu?
ciia trudng dai hpc;
- Quy djnh ve quan ly ngudn luc tai chinh phuc vu boat ddng dau tu, phdt triSn va quan trj tai sdn tri tue;
- Quy djnh ve giai quyet tranh ch§p, hanh vi vi pham lien quan den tai san tn tu?
ciia trudng dai hpc.
Di kem quy che qudn trj tai san tri tue ndi bp, cac trudng dai hgc cung can ban hanh cac van ban hudng dan cu the cac noi dung trong quy che quan trj tai san tri tue do trong timg boat dgng tac nghiep ciia trudng va phd bien cac ndi dung do den tap the cdn bd, giang vien, sinh vien, nghien ciiu sinh,...
4.2. Thanh lap bo phan chuyen trach ve quan tri tai san tri tue tai cac truong dai hpc
Song song vdi viec ban hanh quy che quan tri tai san tri tue, cac trudng dai hgc ciia Viet Nam cdn thanh lap bp phan chuyen trach ve quan ly sd huu tri tue true thupc Thii trudng trudng dai hgc hoac tntc thudc bd phan Quan ly khoa hpc ciia trudng. Bp phan chuyen trach quan ly hoat ddng sd hiiu tri tue ciia cac trudng dai hpc thuc hien cac nhiem vu sau:
Td chirc xay dung va thye hien ke hoach quan ly boat dgng sd hiru tri tue tai dan vj; xay dung van ban quan ly ho?t dpng sd huru tri tue ciia cac trudng dai hpc;
td chirc viec ghi nhan, khai bao, quan ly so htru tri tue ciia cac trudng dai hgc; t6 chiic, thuc hien viec xac lap quy^n sd hiiu tri tue;
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN LANG Le Thj Thu Ha va tgk gidm sat viec thye thi quyen sd hihi tri tue
trong trudng dai hpc; td chiic khai thdc thuang mai tai san tri tue; kiem tra, giam sat viec thuc hi?n van bdn hudng ddn cu the cac ndi dimg trong quy djnh cua cdc td chiic va ca nhan trong trudng dai hpc; td chiic tdng ket, danh gid cdng tac qudn ly ve boat dpng sd h&u tri tue de xay dyng djnh hudng, chien lupc phdt trien cho cac nam tiep theo; thye hien bao cao, de xudt miic dp va hinh thiic khen thudng hoac xii ly vi pham; de xuat viec siia ddi, bd sung cac npi dung trong van ban hudng dan cu the thye bien quy djnh ve quan ly boat dpng sd hihi tri tue trong trudng dai hoc phii hop vdi sy phat trien ciia trudng dai hpc do.
4.3. Thanh lap cac trung tam ket noi cac truoTng dai hgc, vien nghien ciiu vd cac doanh nghiep trong moi ITnh vuc
Nam 2005, chinh phu Phap khdi xudng chuang trinh trpng diem quoc gia ve thanh lap cac trung tam canh tranh vdi chiic nang lien ket cac co sd dao tao, cac vien nghien euu vd cac doanh nghiep theo vimg dja ly.
Muc dich cua cac trung tam canh tranh nay la lien ket va phdi hpp cac ca sd dao tao, cac vien nghien cuu va cac doanh nghiep nhdm nang cao bieu qua ciia cac boat dgng nghien ciiu, chuyen giao, ling dung eong nghe vao san xudt kinh doanh. Sy ra ddi cua cac trung tam canh tranh nay da giiip cac ca sd giao due dao tao, cac trudng dai hgc qudn tri hieu qua hem doi vdi cac tai san tri tue dupe tao ra thdng qua boat dpng nghien ciiu dpc lap hoac hpp tac nghien ciiu ciia cac trudng dai hpc nay.
Doi vdi cac trudng dai hpc, cac vien nghien cuu va ede doanh nghiep ciia Viet Nam cd the ap dung md hinh cac trung tam
canh tranh ciia Phap va thanh lap cac trung tam ket ndi vdi md hinh vd ca che boat dpng tuang tu. Khi tham gia vao cdc trung tdm kh ndi, cac trudng dai hpc cd the nhan dupe mpt sd Ipi ich sau: dupe hd trp trong tim kiem ddi tac, phat trien mang ludi cua td chiic; de dang trong viec tim kiem va tiep can ngudn thdng tin ve cung - cau san phdm, djch vu trong ITnh vi lien quan vdi chi phi thap; dupe hd trp trong xay dyng dy dn, tham dinh, ddng gdp y kien cho hoan thien vd nang cao chat lugng du an, tir do giiip nang cao chat lugng va gia tri ciia cac tai san tri tue phat sinh tir dy an; dugc trp giiip trong qua trinh tim kiem nguon tai chinh cho boat ddng dau tu doi mdi sang tao va trien khai cac du an nghien ciiu va phat trien; thuan lgi trong qua trinh tim kiem ngudn nhdn lye (cac nha nghien ciiu) chat lugng cao; dugc hd trp tdi da trong qua trinh khai thac va thuong mai boa cac tai san tri tue.
5. KET LUAN
Cd the nhdn thay boat ddng quan tri tdi san tri tue ddng vai trd vd ciing quan trpng trong cac trudng dai hgc d Viet Nam, dae biet trong boi canh hdi nhap giao due quoc te nhu hien nay. Tuy nhien, cac trudng dai hgc chua thye sy quan tam tdi viec quan trj cac tai san nay va nhan thirc cua cac trudng dai hgc ddi vdi hoat dpng nay cdn nhieu ban che. Chinh vi vay, boat dpng qudn trj tai san tri tue d cac trudng dai hgc ciia Viet Nam van eon nhieu han che nhu: so lugng cung nhu chat lugng cac tai san tri tue dupe tao lap van chua cao, chua bao hd diing dan va kjp thdi cho cac tai san tri tue dugc tao ra, qua trinh khai thac va thuang mai hda
TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI HOC VAN LANG So 01/2017 cac tai sdn tri me chua mang lai n h i k Igi tue da dugc tao lap; cd cac chien lupc khai ich kinh t^ cho ede tnrdng dai hpc,... thac va thuang mgi hda tai san tri tue mpt D I cai thien tinh hinh tren, cac trudng each hieu qua; tien hanh danh gia va bao dai hpc cdn xdy dung dugc k& hoach quan cao hieu qud quan tri tai san tri tue, tii- do dg tri tai san tri tue hop ly; vach rd cac bien ra cac bien phap edi tiSn quy trinh, ki phap cai thien va kilm sodt tdt qua trinh tao hoach quan trj tai san tri tue cho hgp ly lap tdi san tri tue; de ra cac bien phap tu hem.
bao ve vd bdo hd phap ly cho cac tdi san tri
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Dumitru, I. and Jianu, I. (2007), Sveiby's intangible asset monitor applied to universities, Review of Management and Economical Engineering.
2. Manton S. (2004), How lo plan success, Intellectual Asset Management.
3. Manton, S. (2006), Integrated intellectual asset management, Aldersbot, Hampshire, England: Gower.
4. OECD (1997), Oslo Manual. Proposed Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Technological Innovation Data (Second Edition). Paris: OECD.
5. Sveiby, K. (\997),The new organizational wealth, San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Ngay nhan bai: 05-11-2016. Ngay bien tap xong: 17-11-2016. Duyet dang: 15/12/2016
