Quan tri tinh gon trong giao due dai hoc:
nghien cuu di^n hinh tai Trudng Dai hoc Quang Nam
(iaoThiHotog'n'am
Khoa Kinh \& - Du lich, Truong Dai hoc Quang Nam
Bai bao nghign cQu vg Quan til tinh gpn va Quan Iri tinh gpn tiong giao due dai hgc, de xual khai niem va khung Idng phi tbeo lu duy Qudn tri tinh ggn. Trgn eo sd phdn tich trudng hop Tmdng Dai hpc Qudng Nam ldm nghign ctm dign hinh, dg tdi dd chi ra nhting lang phi edn tdn tgi trong h^ thdng eua nhd trudng hign nay. Ddng thdi tim ra nguygn nhan ctia nhung Idng phi de tti dd de xudt mdt sd kidn nghi nhdm nang cao ehdt lugng vd hieu qud hogt ddng qudn tri eua nhd trudng trong tuong lai.
1. Ly luan ve QTTG trong giao due iiai hoc 1.1. Khai niem QTTG ta-ong giao dye Qudn tri tinh ggn tiong gido dye phat trien tu QTTG va nd thira nhan rdng nd Id digu cdn thigt dg Uiira nhdn van hda trong dd mdt td chile tdn tgi. Do dd, thdeh thtrc Id tim ra ngn tdng ehung trong dd cdc gid tri, nigm tin, vd nguygn tac efla van hoa dugc bao tdn ti-ong khi md hinh kinh doanh edt Idi vdn khdng bi pha loang.
QTTG tiong gido dye dai hoc duge dinh nghia la viec chuygn giao vd ling dyng tu duy, hg thdng cdc phuong phdp vd cde edng cy qudn If Lean trong eae hogt ddng quan If tiudng dgi hgc (William K. Balzer, 2010).
Theo Balzer, LHE la mdt ehien luge mgnh mg duge hd trg bdi cac nguygn tde va thue tign tgo ra vdn hda dai hpe mdi: Ddp ling (bode vugt qud) ky vgng cua nhting ngudi duge phye vu; Gidi phdng cdc ngudn lye lang phi de tai ddu lu gid tri & thu hut tat ed nhdn vign dgi hgc (Sd hiiu quy trinh) vd bidn trudng dai hoe thdnh mdt td ehue hoc tdp thye sy.
QTTG trong gido dye Id mdt phuong phdp chdt lugng sii dyng ede thg manh cua kien thtrc ldp the, cdch tiep can khoa hgc, vd su hieu bigt vg gia In dg thldl kg lai cdc chiic nang qudn tri vd hdnh chinh dg boat ddng theo quan digm eua sinh vign. (Theresa Watert3ury,201I).
Khi nghign ciiu vg Quan tri tinh gpn "Made in Vietiiam" nam 2014, TS. Nguygn Dang Minh phat trien tilet If Quan tri tinh gpn "Made in Viet Nam". Triet If Qudn tri Unh gpn "Made in Viet Nam" Id triet If qudn tri tao ra Igi nhudn/gia tri gia tang eho doanh nghigp/td chuc bdng each su dyng tri tue eiia eon ngudi (hoac tii lug efla td ehiic) dg lign tye eai tign quy tiinh nhdm cat giam tdi da chi phi lang phi. Triet If Quan tri tinh ggn "Made in Vigt Nam" dugc didn gidi Ihdng qua cde edng thtrc sau:
Lgi nhuan = Doanh thu — Chi phi (1) Chi phi = Chi phi Ihuc -I- Chi phi lang phi (2) Chi phi lang phi = Chi phi lang phi htm hinh + Chi phi lang phi vd hinh (3)
Nhu vay kdt hgp viec kg thtla nhting dinh nghia ve QTTG trong gido dye trgn the gidi va trigt If vg QTTG
"Made in Vietnam" cd thg higu, QTTG trong gido due Id Irigt If qudn tri tgo ra lgi nhuan/ gid tri gia tdng eho td ehue eung cdp dich vu gido dye bdng edeh dung tri tue con ngudi edt gidm tdi da ehi phi lang phi nhdm dap irng tdt nhdt nhu edu cua ngudi hpe.
1.2. Lang phi trong giao due dai hoc Lang phi theo tu duy QTTG tiong GDDH duge phan thanh 10 loai nhu sau
i) Van chuygn: Vdn chuyen thfl tuc gidy td, thdng lin hodc du lieu khdng cdn Uiigt gifla phdng ban va cdc khoa. Vi du: ede bdo edo, van bdn bdng gidy dugc gui eho cdc phdng ban va eae khoa chua dugc thay thg bdng ede van ban dign tu.
Nguygn nhan: Cdng nghe thdng tin ehua dugc khai thac trigt de.
ii) Chd dgi: Sy tii hoan Uiyc hign cdng vige do sy chd dgi giua ede bd phan, giua cae khau hay khi mgi ngu^, thdng lin, Uiidl bi hoae tdi lieu khdng ed sdn de su dung. Vi du la khi sinh vign chd dpi cde cupc hen, thu tye vd hudng ddn chuyen mdn. Thdi gian giang day, cae cude hgp, hdi thao...bi tre vi cac bgn lien quan.
Nguyen nhdn efla tat ca nhQng dieu ndy ed the bao gdm su higu bidt kem vg thdi gian tigu ehuan cdn thigt dg thue hien mot nhigm vy va thig'u trdeh nhigm giai trinh dflng thdi hgn.
iii) Khdng ehdc chdn: Day la khi cac nha giao due lam cdng viec khdng ty tin ve each Idt nhat de thuc hign cdc nhiem vy. Vi dy: phuong phap gidng day khdng rd rang, ehuong trinh khdng rd rang, tiifl tye
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NGHIEN CUU
phdng thi nghiem khdng rd rdng. ^-^ Tmygn tiidng kdm: Tmygn tiidng khdng rd Nguyen nhdn bao gdm thidu eae tieu chudn kf rang lam phdt sinh ede lang phi lien quan dgn vide lam thuat efla quy tiinh ldm vi^c. rd tiidng tin hogc nhdm Idn lidn quan ddn sin phdm
Iv) Khuydt tdt: Khi cdc quy tiinh tiong qud tiinh eung '^^'^^ ™' ^^^ ^^^ ^ ""^^ ^° thg ddn dgn nhigu Idng ling dich vy bj Idi hodc tiiigu du lidu. loi giang day, Idi P^* ^^^- ^ ' '^^' "^^dng tin yong qua tiinh luygn sinh, tiinh bay nhu tgi hdi thdo, lg tdt nghiep, bdi gidng, Idi tai "*^^P hgc...hay thdng tin trao ddi giua cac phdng ban ligu, Idi nhap dQ li$u, eae kf nang mgm khdng duge ^^ ^^^ ^°^-
ti-ang bi ddy dfl eho sinh vidn... Vi dy nhu loi gidng dgy, Nguydn nhan: Thdng tin chua dugc cung cdp cho I6l trinh bay nhu tgi hdi thao, le tdt nghiep, bdi gidng, 161 ^^^ cd mpi ngudi irong td ehiie trong thcri gian sdm tdi lieu, I6l nh^p du lieu, cdc kf ndng mgm khdng dugc "hdi cd thg, du Id tich eye hay tidu cyc.
trang b\ ddy dfl eho sinh vign... ix) Thidu tap hung vao khdeh hdng: Thdt bgi trong Nguygn nhdn cd ttig bao gdm vide tiiidu higu bldt vide lap quan h^ vdi khach hdng, bd qua khdeh hdng, vg cdc quy trinh vd thldu tieu ehudn hda trong quy khdng than thien thgm chi khldm nha vdi khdeh hdng.
trinh ldm vige va qudn If chdt lugng. Vi dy: Chua higu rd nhu cdu va mong mudn ciia sinh v) Xii If: Day la khi cdc hogt ddng trong qud tiinh " ^ " ' ^ ^ ^^^ ^ ^ ° ^ " ^ *™y^" t^^"S. khdng tgo sy phan phdi dieh vu khdng tang thdm gid tri eho sinh
vign. Vi dy: Xu' If tiiii tye kigm ti-a tdt nghiep khi dQ ligu cd san bdng dign tii. Mdt sd nhdn vidn tdi xu If hoae kiem tra lgi cdc gidy Id bo^e thdng tin tuong ty.
Nguyen nhdn: Thldt kg khu vyc ldm viee kgm, phfle tgp vd nhieu hinh thile dQ ligu, cflng nhu su dyng cac thii tyc va bigu mau l6i thdi, bao cao khdng cy thg, phdn chia trdeh nfiiem khdng rd rdng...
vi) Cung ling dieh vy/ddo tgo qud miic: Cung cdp hodc yeu cdu cdc dich vy hoac ldp hgc md sinh vign khdng mudn hoae khdng edn. Vi du ygu eau sinh vien tham gia ede ldp hpe khdng tinh vdo hoan thanh ehuong Irinh hoc, dao tao vugt qud so vdi nhu edu eua xd hdi...To chiic cdc boat ddng ngoai khda, hudng nghiep, cdu Igc bd.-. khdng higu qud.
Nguyen nhdn do cdng tde ldp kd hoach chua triet de, chua id chirc edng tde nghign eiiu vd dy bdo nhu cau xd hdi.
vii) vat lidu du thda: Day la khi ed nhigu tai ligu, vdt lieu trong tay hon la bat bude dg thuc hign cdng viec.
Vi dy nhu ede ldp hpc Irong danh myc dao tgo chua dugc cung cdp trong nhigu nam. DQ ligu mdy linh da lieh Ifly tiong cae tgp tin cd sy vd td chuc ngdy eang tang. Sdch qud cQ, thigt bj loi thdi khdng bi loai bd, email chua dgc, dy dn chua hoan thdnh, tgp khdng boat ddng, thdch thue ehua dugc gidi quydt...
Nguyen nhan: Cdng lae lap kg hoaeh, bdo edo Ihd'ng ke djnh ky, chua ligu ehudn hda cdng vige, thieu vdn hda ggn gdng Irong cdng vige vd trong td ehiic.
vlli) Tdi nguyen chua su dyng: Ngudn nhan lyc, thdi gian, eo sd vat chdt va thigt bi sdn cd... khdng duoc sir dyng dg ed duge lgi ich tdi uu. Vi du: Phdng dgc thu vi$n, giao trinh, phdng thi nghiem...chua
chfl ddng, ti'eh cyc cho sinh vign tiong qud tiinh hgc ldp, Nguygn nhdn: Gidng vign ehua vdn dung cac phuong phdp day bgc tieh cyc, lao sy chu ddng cho ngucri hgc, sinh vign ehua f thtrc dugc vi^c hgc \$p. Chua tgo ra duge mdi trudng than Ihign trong trudr^ hgc.
2. Thuc trang nghien cuu tai Tnrong DH Quang Nam 2.1 .Thuc trang lang phi tai Tnidng DH Qudng Nam Dya trgn ket qud khdo sdt, hign nay tgi Trudng DH Qudng Nam dang ton lai nhiing loai lang phi sau:
BiSng 1, Nliin^ kiHi limg phi drTnrAriig S H Quing Ni
Loillii^plii
V^ntliiiy-lD Cbi>a<fi Khiagchic cbftn KhayittH XirlJ
Cuog ung djch ^'n/diLD tKo qni mAc V$tllfudirlhi>n Til nguyni rhira sn dnag Ti-uyfD thong Wm
Thl^ t^p tiimg ^'ilo libAch hAi% (ngaiA bfc)
"'*"'
SL
%
S 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5Co Nhieu SL
7 IS 8 10 12 13 IB 17 16 11
%
35 75 40 SO 60 65 90 85 80 55ft SL 12 4 11 9 7 6 I 2 3 9
Vi 60 20 55 45 3S 30 5 10 IS 45
Qua kdt qud khdo sdl dd dugc tdng hgp d bdng 1 cho Ihay hien nay tai Trudng DH Qudng Nam van c6n tdn tai ca 10 loai lang phi bao gdm: Vdn chuygn, Chd dgi, khdng chde ehan, Khuydl tat, Xii if, Cung ling djch vy/dao tao qud mQc, Vdt ligu du IhQa, Tdi nguyen chua sii dyng vd Tmyen thdng kgm. Trong dd lang phi nhigu nhdt la logi lang phi do Vdt lieu du thtra, kg dgn Id Tai nguyen ehua sii dyng, Tmygn thdng kgm va Chd dgi. Tdt ed nhung logi lang phi nay dgu dugc danh gid la Cd nhigu, sd lugng chidm ddn tu 75 dgn 90% sd ngudi cho f kidn. Sau dd phai kg dgn la Cung tmg dich vy dao tgo qud miie (65%), Xu If (60%), Thieu ldp dugc su dyng Irigl dg. Ngudn nhdn lyc ehua dugc tmng vao khdeh hang (55%), Khuygt tat (50%). Cdn lai phdn cdng dung ngudi, dung vige. hai loai lang phi duge ddnh gid it hon dudi 50% sd Nguygn nhdn: Sinh vign chua f thuc duge viec hpc ngudi dugc hdi Id Khdng ehdc chdn vd Van chuygn va thuc hdnh, cdng tde ldp ke hoach, tuydn dung vd 2.2.Nguyen nhdn gdy ra lang phi tai Trudng DH dao tao nhdn vien ehua hi^u qua. Qudng Nam
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Trong qud trinh khdo sdt, mOl sd nguygn nhan dugc dg cdp den bao gdm:
- Chua td chiic cdng tde nghign a h i va du bao nhu cdu xa hOi.
- Thigu van hda ggn gang hong cdng viee vd trong td chiic.
- Su higu bidt kem vg thdi gian tidu chuan edn thigl de Ihyc hidn mOl nhigm vy vd thieu Irdch nhiem gidi Irinh dflng then hgn.
- Thidu higu bigt vg cdc quy trinh vd Uiigu tigu chudn hda ti-ong quy tiinh lam vi^e vd qudn If ehdt lugng.
- Thigt kg idiu vuc Idm vide kdm, phiic tgp vd nhigu hinh thilc dQ ligu, cQng nhu sti dyng cae thu lyc va bieu mdu loi then
- Bdo edo khdng cy the, phdn chia trdeh nhi^m khdng rd rang...
- Sinh vien chua f thtrc duge viec hgc va thye hanh - Cdng tde lap kg hogch, tuygn dyng va ddo tgo nhdn vidn chua hieu qud.
- Thdng tin chua dugc cung cap cho tdi cd mpi ngudi trong td chuc trong thdi gian sdm nhdt ed thg, dti Id ti'eh eye hay tigu eye.
- Chua hinh thdnh f thuc ty chiu trdeh nhiem trong td chuc.
- Gidng vign ehua van dyng cac phuong phap dgy hpe tich cyc, tgo su chfl ddng eho ngudi hgc, sinh vidn ehua f IhQe duge vige bgc tap.
- Chua tgo ra duge mdi Irudng than Ihign trong trudng hgc.
- Cdng nghe thdng tin chua dugc khai thac trigt dg.
3. Mot SO kien nghj
- Nha trudng can phdi nhanh chdng thay ddi tu duy tmygn Ihdng sang tu duy tinh ggn dg cd thg nhdn di^n va cat giam tdi da nhting lang phi dang ton tai rat nhieu dudi dang huu hinh va vd hinh.
- Ap dyng ede edng ey cua QTTG: 5S, Kaizen, bdn do chudi gid tri, qudn If trye quan... vao hogt ddng quan tri dgi hpe.
- Tdng cudng ddo tgo vg QTTG eho lanh dgo va nhdn vien, chudn hda "Tdm tiie" cho Id ehiie
- Sii dyng bd ligu chudn KPI dg qudn If va ddnh gid higu qud cdng vige nhdm tdng tinh khdch quan, ehinh xac
- xay dyng td ehiie hgc tap higu qua theo Lean - Tang cudng ling dyng CNTT tiong quan If va day hgc
- Dg nang cao ehdt lugng dao tao, edn ddy manh hoat ddng ddi mdi ehuong trinh ddo tgo, ra soat lai tdt cd ede ehuong tiinh ddo lao, tang sd tiet thye hanh, giao eho cdc Khoa, td bd mdn xdy dyng Igi nhQng de cuong ehi tigt da Idi tiidi, ehua mang tinh Ihyc te eho
sinh vien, chua phfl hpp vdi nhu edu xa hdi. Va edn cd su ddng gdp cua cdc ben lien quan trong qud trinh xay dyng lgi ehuong trinh dao tgo cho phu hgp vdi thye td xa hdi.
- Ngn ddy mgnh quan hg vdi ede td ehue sQ dyng lao ddng dg lao dieu kign cho sinh vien thye le, thuc tdp cflng nhu xin viec ldm sau nay. Vige nay ngu ed thg thi ngn giao tryc tigp eho lanh dgo cac Khoa chuygn mdn, hd trg kinh phi cung nhu trao quygn quydl djnh eho Lanh dgo khoa ed thg kf kel hgp tde vdi ede doanh nghigp hay tao mdi quan hg vdi cdc doanh nghiep nhu mdi thinh gidng...
- Nen ed co che khuydn khich gidng vign ddi mdi phuong phdp gidng dgy, nhting mdn hgc hay nganh ndo ed nhu eau thye tg thi can tao digu kign tdi da, ti-dnb cdc thfl tyc hdnh chinh rudm ra. Can day mgnh hogt ddng qudn ly vige doi mdi phuong phdp gidng day eua gidng vign, coi day la mdt trong nhting tigu chi danh gia xel thi dua mdi hgc kf.
- Td chuc Ihi dua ddi mdi phuong phap giang dgy ddi vdi iQng Khoa, liing bd mdn. Ndu cd thg ngn kdt hgp nhigu bign phap khuyen khich dg lao ddng lyc cho nhting gidng vign cd ddng gdp hay thdnh tich trong cdc hogt ddng cQa nhd Irudng nhu: tuyen sinh, ddi mdi phuong phdp gidng day, hoc tap nang cao trinh dd... nhu tang luong, thudng, tao digu kign dg nghi phgp, hd trg di du Iich...
- Cdn ed ddi ngu Ihyc bign hogt ddng nghidn ciiu vd dy bao nhu cdu xa hdi dg nhanh chdng nam bdt nhQng nganh ma xd hdi dang edn dg chdp co hdi tren CO sd can ddi ngudn lye sdn ed.
- Td chuc xay dyng danh myc va qui trinh thye hign eae dieh vu hanh chinh./.
Tai lieu tham khao
Comm, C. L and Mathaisel, D, F. X. (2005), An exploratory study of best lean sustcunabllity practices in higher education, Quality Assurance in Education, 13 (3), 227-240
David E. Francis (2014), Lean and The Leaming Organization in Higher Education, Canadian Joumal of Educational Administration and Policy,
Nguygn Dang Minh (2014), Quan tri tinh ggn tai Viet Nam-Dudng tdi thanh edng, Dgi hgc Qude gia Ha Ndi- Radnor, Z. & Bueei, G. (2011), Analysis of Lean Implementation in UK Business Schools and Universities, Association of Business Schools, London.
Seddon, J. and Caulkin, S. (2007), "Systems think- ing, lean production and action leaming", Action Leaming: Research and Practice, Vol. 4 No, 1, pp. 9-24.
William, K. B (2010) Lean Higher Education:
Increasing the Value and Performance of University Processes, CRC Press, Portland.
