PHAT TRIEN BEN VCfNG I
ban May... kM phi ndi Iam rudng hgc thang van cdn dio dupc nhdi^ co quan tii bing gd nggc am trong dyng tM the cdn nguyin xic hogc cM edn hai cdt. NMn dd tuy tang, nhdng bd xdPng to bilt ngay la ngUdi Han da chet d day trong qua trinh khai thic ngoc am hang trim nim vl trddc. Nhdng ngUdi nay cd the da chet vi b|nh tgt, bj ran dgc can hogc bj tai ngn khi khai thic gd i^pe am.
Cd le do bj khai thic td lau nin tgi Ta Sd Chodng. mgc dd dUde ngUdi Han gpi li rdng ngpc am, nhdng cay Idn nhat ddpc biet vao nam 2013 cung cM khoing 3 ngUdi dm, trong kM dd tgi thdpng nguon Khe Bu thupe xa Chau Khi, huyen Con Cudng, tinh Nghi An, cd cay sa mdc dau cao tdi 70m, dddng kinh thin tdi 5,5m. Vda qua cay niy da ddpc Hdi Bio ve TMen nMIn vi Mdi trddng Viet Nam vinh danh li Cay Di sin cua Quoc gia vi cd thi li 1 trong s6 10 loii cay cd tudi thg va kich thddc Idn nhat thi gidi.
Sa mpe dau khdng chi cd y nghia vl mgt khoa hpc mi cdn cd gia trj kinh t l cao. Gd sa mpe dau td xda rit ddpc da chudng, thddng Iim quan tai cho vua chda do khi nang chdn dudi dit hing tram nam khdng bj myc nit lai cd tinh diu gid dugc mdi thdm. Gd sa mgc dau ed hoa vin, miu sac dep nin cung ddpc sd dyng lim dd my nghe, thd edng, vgt dyng trong gia dinh. Tinh diu sa mdc cd mdi thdm dugc cMet xuat lim my pham, ddpc pham do cd tinh sit trdng cao. Ngoii ra, cdn ddng lim thudc xoa bdp, chda b|nh ngoii da, die bi|t dung de ddp xac.
Cay sa mgc dau d Ha Giang ngoii viec bj ngddi Hin khai thie hing trim nam nay, nhdng nim gan day do cdn sdt gd nggc am dan din nguy cd loai ciy nay cd the hi tuy|t chung.
Dugc sy ddng y cda Tinh dy Hi Giang, UBND huyin Hoing Su Phi, Sd TN&MT tinh phdi hpp vdi cic nhi khoa hgc thudc Trung tam Dja mdi trudng va Td ehde lanh thd da tiln hinh dilu tra, khio sat Men trgng cay sa mdc dau tgi xa Tdng Sin, huy|n Hoing Su PM (tinh Hi Giang).
Ket qua, da phat Men dupe tgi xa niy cd 2 cay sa mdc dau d tpa dp dja ly: N: 22"45'42"5;
E: 104''44'29"5; dp cao so vdi myc nddc biln la 1.212 m. Mpt eiy cd dddng kinh thin 90 cm, chieu cao 30 m. Cay thd hai cd dudng kinh 70 cm. cMlu cao 25 m. Diy la nhdng cay me se cung cap ngudn gidng bang phuong phip giim cinh hogc gieo hgt nham bio tdn vi phat trien loii eiy quy Mem cua day ndi Tay Cdn Linh hung via
^ Quang Nam v6i bai toan bao ton va phat trien cay sam quy
ThS. TRAN HUE HUONG Bp Ndng n^iip vd Phdt trien Ndng thdn
Sdm Nggc Linh Id logi cdy thuoc ddc hul/ cua Viet Nam, cd gid tri dUac lieu, khoa hgc vd kinh te cao. Tuy nhien, sdm Nggc Unh dang bi Idm gid vd ddng trUdc nguy ccf tuyet chiing neu khdng cd cdc bien phdp bdo ton kip thai. Ld mgt trong 2 tinh d Viet Nam cd cdy sdm Nggc Linh, trong nhieu ndm qua, Qudng Nam dd de ra nhieu bien phdp deduy tri, bdo tdn vd phdt trien logi sdm quy, khong nhiSnig gidp dong bdo ddn tgc thodt ngheo ben vdng, md con bdo ve rdng ddu ngudn vd moi trUdng sinh thdi.
DU'OC L l £ u Q U t Ciy sim Ngpc Linh, cdn gpi la sam K5 hogc sam Vi|t Nam, cd tin khoa hpc li (Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv), hp nhin sim, ddpc phat hi|n lan dau vao nim 1973 tai huyen Die Td (Kon Tum). Diy cung Ii loii nhin sim thd 20 dUdc tim thay tren the gidi. Sim Ngpc Linh trong ty nMIn phin bd ehu ylu xung quanh vdng nui Nggc Lmh (thudc huyen Nam Tra My, Quang Nam va Dae Td, Kon Tum) d dg cao trin 1.500m cua rdng gia nguyin sinh, trong dilu kien khi hgu lanh, dd am eao. Sim Ngpc linh li cay thao, sdng liu nam, cao td 40 - 60cm, than re ngc, ed nhieu ddt, mang nhdng vlt seo do thin khi sinh ryng hing nam dl lgi. Trin than re cd nhilu re phu, d phan cudi cd re cu hmh cau, cd sim nhd
cd miu xanh sam. Sam Ngpc Linh ed vj dang, hdi ngot, mdi thom nhe; cd tic dyng tang tri nhd, thj Ide, giup phyc hdi bdi bd ca the, lam tang sinh lyc, chdng suy nhdpc, kich thich h | miln djch; tang sd lupng hdng eau, ed tic dyng bao v | t l bio gan va giai ddc gan; ting ndi tilt td, dilu hda tim mgch;
giim dddng huyet, hg cholesterol mau, ehdng xd vda ddng mgch, chdng dxy hda, chdng vilm, khang khuan...
Vdi nhilu cdng dyng nhy viy, cdng vdi gii trj kinh te cao nin nMeu nim qua, cay sam bj khai thic, mua bin, sd dyng mdt cich thilu kiem soat. Nha nddc chUa cd nhieu chmh sach, giii phip diu td, quy hoach phat triln sam Ngpc Linh khien eho cac vdng sam cua Quing Nam vi Kon Tum dan cgn kiet.
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PHAT TRIEN BfiNVCTNGhang nghin ha rdng nguyin sinh bj tin pha ngng nl, TrUde nguy cd tuyet chdng gidng sim quy, Chinh phd da quyet djnh thinh Igp vung cam qudc gia d khu vyc cd sam tap trung tai 2 tlnh Kon Tum va Quang Nam, ddng thdi xip sim Ngoc Linh vao Danh mye nhdng cay thudc quy, hilm can dupe Uu tiln bio ve theo Nghj djnh sd 160/2013/ND-CP cua Thu tudng Chinh phd vl tilu chi xic djnh loai vi che dp quan Iy loii thudc Danh myc loai nguy cap, quy. bilm dygc Uu tien bio ve. Dgc biet, de bao tdn va phat trien CAC logi ciy dypc lieu quy hilm tgi eic vung miln, khai thie tilm nang dgc hdu cda tdng dja phdong, Thu tudng Chinh phd da ban hinh Quylt djnh sd 1.976/QD-TTg ngay 30/10/2013 phi duyet Quy hogch tdng tbI phat trien dUpc heu den nam 2020 vi djnh hddng den nam 2030, trong dd Uu tien phit triln sim Ngpc Linh d Quang Nam. Diy la nhin td quan trgng thuc day edng tic bao tdn ngudn gen gdc sam Ngpc Linh, phat huy thi mgnh eda dja phUPng, ddng thdi chuyen hddng san xuat, co ciu cay trdng, nang cao thu nhgp cho nhan dan trong vdng, tgo dieu kien d l nhan dan bio ve rdng, bao tdn tii nguyin thiin nhien vi da dgng sinh hgc.
CHIEN LUOC BAO TON VA P H A T TRIEN CAY S A M NGOC LINH
Vdi lpi thi vl phat triln cay sim Ngpc Linh dupc thien nhien ban tgng tgi mgt sd
xa trin dja bin huyen Nam Tra My, nhdng nim gan day, UBND tinh Quing Nam vi huyen Nam Tra My da cd nhdng ddng thii tich eye nham bio tdn vi phat triln dien tieh trdng sam Ngpc Linh. Cy thi, nam 2003, tmh di ban hinh De an: Khdi phyc va phat trien ciy sim Ngpc Linh tgi xa Tra Linh (huyen Nam Tra My) giai dogn 2004 • 2010, vdi myc tieu phit trien ciy sam Ngpc Linh cung cie cay ddpc li|u khac thanh cay hing hda ehu dgo trong phat trien kinh te, gdp phan xda ddi, giam ngheo, dn djnh ddi sdng ddng bao cae dan tdc thieu so d miln ndi. Ngoii ra, tinh cdn hd trp ngin sich xiy dyng Trgm dygc li|u Tra Linh vio nim 2004 va din nim 2013, thanh Igp Trung tam phit trien sim Ngpc Linh va dypc heu Quing Nam.
De thu hut dau ty bio tdn. phit trien, che biln, xay dyng thdong hieu sam Ngpc Linh, tgo hinh lang phip ly dn djnh, liu dii tren dia ban
tmh, ngay 11/7/2014, HDND tinh da ban hinh Nghj quylt sd 114/2014/NQ-HDND ve cP ehl khuyin khich, bao tdn, phat trien sam Ngoc Linh tinh Quang Nam giai dogn 2014 - 2020. Ddng thdi, UBND tinh cung ban hanh Quylt djnh sd 2.1I7/QD- UBND ngiy 8/7/2014 ve phe duylt dl cuong va dy toan quy hogch bao tdn vi phat triln ciy sim Ngpc Linh tren dja ban huyen Nam Tra My, giai doan 2014 - 2020, vdi tdng dien tieh la 19.000 ha tgi 7/10 xi vi Quyet djnh so 2.821/QD-UBND ngay 17/9/2014 ve cd ehl khuyla khich, bio tdn phat triln sam Ngpc Linh tinh Quing Nam giai dogn 2014 - 2020. Theo dd, UBND tinh da giao Sci Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn phdi hpp vdi don vj tu van (Phin vien dieu tra quy hoach rdng Trung Trui^
bg) vi UBND huyen Nam Tra My xiy ddng Quy hogch bao tdn vi phat trien cay sim Ngpc Linh giai dogn 2015 - 2020. Vdi Quy hogch nay se
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PHAT TRIEN BEN V0NG |
tao cd hich dot phi cho huyen trong viec bio ve va phat trien rdng, BVMT sinh thii, da dgng sinh hpc, nang cao ddi sdng cua gan 6.000 hd din trong vung quy hogch. Cung vdi quy hogch vung sim tren diln tich 19.000 ha, UBND tinh cung phi duylt dy in vdi 9.000 ty ddng, trong dd ngan sich Nha nude li 3.000 ty ddng.
Thye hien cic quyet dinh cua tmh hinh thinh vung nguyin heu sim, dUa ciy sim trd thanh logi ciy trdng mang lgi ngudn thu nhap dn djnh cho ngydi din trong vung, HDND huyen Nam Tri My da ban hanh Nghj quyet Phit trien cay sim Ngpc Linh tren dja bin huyen din nam 2020. Theo Nghj quyet niy, td nay den nam 2020, Nam Tri My se hinh thinh vi hoin thien 2 dia diem bao tdn va phit trien eiy Sim Ngpc Linh. Trong dd, vung bio tdn la thdn 2, thdn 3, thdn 4 xa Tra Linh va thdn 2 (Tic Rang) xa Tra Cang, dim bio cung cap du lUpng cay gidng cho nhan dan xa Tri Linh, mdt sd thdn cua xi Tri Nam, Tra Cang nudi trdng, phat triln thanh vung sim nguyen lieu.
Ddi vdi vung phat trien, huyen Nam Tri My xae djnh chpn thdn 2, thdn 4, thdn 5 xi Tri Nam vi thdn 2, thdn 3 xa Tra Cang, tgi day se xiy dyng vydn Sam Tic Ngo de md rgng dien tich vung sam trin dja bin huyen. Ong Hd Quang Bdu - Chu tjch UBND huyen Nam Tri My cho bilt, hang nam, td eac ngudn von khac nhau nhd Nghj quyet 30 a/2008/
NQ-CP, Chddng trinh 135 cua Chinh phu... UBND huyin da bd trd cho nhin dan cic xi trung binh td 20.000 - 30.000 ciy sim gidng. Do vgy, din nay, nhan dan tai 3 xa: Tri Nam, Tri Linh vi Tra Cang dang hinh thinh 27 diem trdng sim, vdi hdn 653.500 cay sim bao gdm nhilu dp tudi khac nhau.
De viee quy hogch bao tdn va phit trien sim Ngpc Linh trin dia bin Nam Tra My thdc hien cd hieu qua, huy|n da phan ky dau tu cd trgng diem, phd hgp vdi thyc ldc va dilu ki|n thyc t l tdng thdi diem. Ben cgnh viec tiep tyc dau tu vi cung cd Trgm ddpc lieu Tri Linh (thupc Trung tim Phit triln sam Ngpc Linh va dupe lieu Quing Nam), cung nhd Trgi gidng sam Tac Ngo, dua dien
tieh 2 vddn sim gidng nay lln 75 ha lam khu bao tdn vi phit trien gidng sim, huyen se day manh viec xdc tiln, cd cd che Uu dii thu hut cac doanh nghiip dau tu trdng sam, hd trp ciy gidng vi ky thuat cho hp. Tuy nhien, mudn bao tdn DDSH, bio vl rdng, can tao cho ngUdi dan trong khu vUc ed duoc sinh ke bin vdng. Huyen da van dpng bi con thanh tgp cae td nhdm hp, mgnh dgn vay vdn dau td trdng mdi sim; td ehde nhilu ldp tip huan chuyin giao ky thugt trdng sim dudi tan la rdng eho 1.000 hp dan vi cap ciy gidng de ho trdng mdi, tgo eho ngUdi dan ed y thdc bio vl, phit trien cay thudc quy niy, eung nhu bio ve rdng nguyin sinh. Khdng ehi md rdng di|n tieh trdng sim Nggc Linh, huyen cdn chd trpng dau td xay dyng CO sd hg ting dudng giao thdng, he thdng dien Iddi va h | thdng thdng tin liln lac, xdc tien quing bi thUdng hieu cay sam cho cae doanh nghiep, ddi tic trong va ngoii nude...
Tuy nhiin, viee bio tdn va phit trien cay sim Ngpc Linh vin d quy md nhd, chUa tdOng xdng vdi tiem ning vi thi manh die hdu cda vdng, sd hd trdng sam cdn it, cie doanh nghiep cung chda thyc su "man mi"
vdi du in phit trien cay sam quy. Mgc du, gia tri kinh t l mi ciy sim mang lgi kha eao, gii sam tUPi td 30 - 40 trieu ddng/kg, I ha sim Ngoc Linh sau 5 nam se thu Idi khoang 30 ty ddng. Trin trd vdi bai toan bio tdn va phit trien cay sam quy, vda qua, UBND tinh Quing Nam da xay ddng Dd thio De an "Quy djnh vl cho thul dat rdng vi mdc gia
cho thul dat rdng d l bio ve va phit trien Sam Nggc Linh dudi tin rdng tren dja ban tinh Quang Nam", nham bao ve vi phat triln vdn rdng, bio tdn ngudn gien gdc Sim Ngpc Linh, ddng thdi tgo sinh ke, cii thien ddi sdng cho ngUdi din, tgo ra cic san pham dUpe lieu td cay sim mang thUPng hieu dgc trUng Quang Nam. Theo Dd thio Dl in, sl mien tien thul dat de trdng Sam Nggc Linh tgi 3 huyen: Nam Tra My, Phude Son, Tiy Giang theo quy djnh Men hanh (Nghj quylt 30a/2008/NQ-CP vi NgM djnh sd 210/2013/ND- CP cua Chinh phu); Uu tiln cho cac hp gia dinh, nhdm hd gia dinh cd hd khau thudng trd tgi dja phdOng dang thyc hien khoan bio ve rdng cd nhu eau, kha ning dau td va cd don xin ding ky trdng sim Nggc Linh dddi tan rdng ddpc Uu dai khdng thu tiln thul mdi trudng rdng de trdng sam Ngpc Linh. Dgc bi|t, trong Kl hogch thde Men Dl an da xie djnh mpt sd nhiem vy quan trgng, mdt trong sd dd la Dy an Di thyc ciy sam Ngpc Linh trin dja bin huyen Nam Tri My giai dogn 2015 - 2020 vi djnh hddng din nam 2030. Theo Dy in, den nim 2020, tgi 6 xa trong hyyen Nam Tri My di thyc duoc 6 ha (mdi xa 1 ha) vi phit trien trdng rdng dgt 60 ha, moi xa 10 ha. Dy an md ra tin hieu Igc quan cho Quang Nam ve mdt "manh dat ving" trdng cay sim quy, gidp nang tam vj thi cho dia phddng, dda thUdng hi|u nhan sam Viet Nam di khip nim chau bdn bien, gidp ngUdi din thoat ngheo, tdng budc ning cao ddi sdng vi gid gin mau xanh qui hUdngB
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