Quy trinh quan trj van hanh cdng trinh xay diTng theo cong nghe BIM
Operational management processes based on Building Information Modelling for construction building
Ngay nhan bai: 19/12/2016 Ngay siia bai: 25/01/2017 Ngay chap nhan dSng: 5/02/2017 TOM TAT
Vi|c ling dyng mo hinh thfing tin cong trinh BIM (Biulding Infonnation Modelling) trong cfing tac quan tri van hanh cac tda nhi cao tang da vi dang dUpc trien khai rgng rai tai nhilu nUdc phit triln tren thl gifii. Tuy nhien d Vi^t Nam, vi?c ilng dyng BIM trong cong tac nay con rat h?n chl. Bai bao nay trinh biy cdch thtic ilng dpng quy trinh quin tri vgn hinh cho cfing trinh xiy dvfng bing each sif dyng cfing ngh? BIM. Ben c ^ dfi, bii bao cung de cap den nhOng cd sd dfl li|u, phan mim vi cfing ngh§ thdng tin dfl^c tich h^ip vao quy trinh de ling dyng mfi hinh BIM trong cfing tac quan trj v|in hanh dt^ an dau tu xay di^ng cfing trinh.
Tii khda: M6 hinh thong tin cfing trinh (BIM), quan trj van hanh, quin ly xay d^tng, quin ly di; an dau ttf xay d ^ g cfing trinh ABSTRACT
Application BIM (Building Information Modelling) for facilities management in construction projects is bemg widely deployed in many countries around the world. However, in Vietnam, the application of BIM for operational management are very limited. This paper demonstrates how the application operating management process for construction buildings using Building Information Modelling technology. In addition, this paper also introduced the databases, software and information technology is integrated into the application process for the BIM model for facUities management in construction buiding projects.
Keywords; Building Information Modelling (BIM), operations management, construction management, construction project management
TS. Nguyin Ninh Thyy- Khoa Ky thu|t Xay dilng TrUting DH Bich Khoa, DH Qufic Gia TP. HCM TS. Nguyin Anh Thif - Khoa Ky thu^t Xay dyng Trufing DH Bach Khoa, DH Qufic Gia TP. HCM
Nguyen Ninh Th^y, Nguyen Anh ThU
1.0» vin dl
Mfi hinh t h f i n g t i n cdng trinh BIM (Building Information Modelling)
\h m o t m d hinh q u i n ly t h d n g t i n x u y i n sufit vdng ddi cua mfit cfing trinh xay d y n g . M f i hinh BIM cfi k h i nang ehia s l t h d n g t i n ed c i u true mdt each t h o n g m l n h , n h d d d l i m g i i m su t h i t t h o i t t h f i n g t i n t r o n g q u i trinh p h i t t r i l n cua d U i n x i y di^ng trong cac giai do?n khac nhau cua vdng ddi d y ^ n . Che edng t i e q u i n tr| vhn h i n h edng t r i n h t h u d n g duoc b i t dau sau khi k i t thOc q u i trinh x i y dung v i b i n giao lai cdng trinh cho chu d i u t u . Trong thyc t l , cdng t^c q u i n tri vhn hhnh tda n h i It n h i n duyc su quan t a m thich d i n g , nhung l^i c h i l m tdi k h o i n g 60%
chi p h i cua t o^ n t}fi vdng ddi d y i n vh t h u d n g kio dai g a p 15-20 l i n c^c giai doan khhe [giai doan t h i l t k l , t h i cdng cflng trinh, v.v.). Chlnh vl v$y, d l cfing tac quan trj vhn h^nh cdng trinh xay d i / n g dat hieu q u ^ cao hdn, t i l t k i | m dugc n h l l u chl p h i cho chO dau t u , vl§c Ong dung BIM de hfi tro cho n d l i d i l u tat y l u . M d hinh t h d n g tin BIM se d d n g vai trfi la CO sd do iiiu trung t i m v i tis dd x i y d y n g nhCmg q u y trinh h f i t r y cho cdng tac vSn hhnh tda n h i dya tren hi t h f i n g c d sd dC li^u ed k h i nhng dong bfi hfia v i t u d f i n g c i p nhdt.
2. Quy trinh dhg dung BIM trong q u i n t r j v | n h i n h n h i cao tang
Quy trinh iJfng d y n g mfi hinh BIM trong cfing the q u i n trj v i n h i n h nha cao t i n g duoc i p dung eho efing trinh chung c u t h u o n g mai Binh Trj D d n g TPHCM (Xem hinh 1). Cfing trinh g f i m m o t tda nhii cd quy m d 20 t i n g {tfing dien tfch s i n ude tinh 26,000 m') v i m f i t tda nha khfii vhn p h d n g quy m d 8 t i n g . Trinh tu Ong dung quy trinh BIM t r o n g q u i n tri vhn hanh tda nhh duyc m f i t i trong hinh 2.
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2.1 BUiK 1: len ki hogch chl tiet cho viec xdy diing md hinh
C i c b i n ve kien t n i c da duyet dUOe siJr d u n g l i m t h d n g t i n d i u vao cho viec xay dumg m d hinh q u i n trj v5n hanh BIM-FM.
Ngoai ra trong giai doan x i y d u n g n i o hinh, nhdm thye hien n g h i i n cdu cdn t i l n hanh khao sat thUc t l tai cdng truong d e so sanh vdi cac b i n ve kien tnic d u o c sOf dung. Cdng cu BIM duoc lua chon eho nghien cCtu \h p h i n mem Autodesk Revit phien b i n 2016.
2 J. Bt/dc 2. Thiet lap hi thong COBle phil hgp vdi cdc tieu chudn va yeu cdu cda don vl qudn 1^ toa nhd
Di thiet lap hi t h d n g COBie, nghi&n cijiu SLf d u n g phan m i m COBie Extension cua hang Caddmicrosystems. Chuong trinh n i y cho p h ^ p t h i l t l i p nhCmg h^
thfing COBie dudi dang de Share Parameter (mfit djnh dang ttidng sfi t h e m ngoSi nhiffig thdng sfi m|c dinh ciia Autodesk Revit). N h l ^ t h d n g tin sau khi duoe t h u t h i p , dua v^o c i c parameter d i y du thl cd t h l trfch x u i t sang djnh dang t § p tin quen thufic l i Excel. Vdi c i c t h i e i l i p COBie d u y c tao s i n , extenston cho phip ngudi s i i d g n g lua chpn nhQng lo^l c i u ki$n, t h i l l bi can t h i l t lap t h f i n g tin COBie de c h u y i n giao. NhCmg thfing sfi COBie nSy con 1^ nhOng thfing sfi ban d i u d l d o n vi BIM-FM cfi t h l t i l n hiinh Ipc thfing tm tCi c i e t h d n g tin dSu vao nhU b i n ve ho^n cdng, t h d n g t i n b i o hhnh, b i o tri, hudng d i n vSn hhnh.. .{Hinh 3).
2.3 BUdc 3. Thu thdp vd phdn logi thdng tin dixdy dung md Mnh BIM
Q u i trinh thu xhtp t h d n g t i n duyc b i t d i u vho d i u t h i n g 3 nhm 2016, p h i n t h d n g tin t h u thhp duge bao gfim 101 b i n
2.4 BUdc 4. Kiem tra thdng tin diu ' — vdo
Vi$c k i l m tra thfing t i n d i u v i o nhSm d l dhnh gih c h i t luong cua b i n ve, xem thOr chung co du k h i nhng xhy d u n g duoc m f i hinh BIM-FM hay khfing. Vcfi yeu e i u CO b i n m f i hinh BIM dat LOD 300, nghien cijiu sU d u n g b i n g c i u hdi d l ddnh g i i . Trong d d mfil c3u hfii si dupe cho d i l m theo thang d i l m tU 1 t d i 5 (1 d i l m t u o n g duong vdi c h i t l u y n g r i t kim, va 5 d i l m t u o n g duong vdi c h i t luong r i t tfil). Che chtl hfii duoe x i y d u n g d l ddnh gia I h d n g t i n d i u v i o chu y l u dtia vho Mnh nghidm xhy d y n g m d hinh BIM trong ehe glal do^n n h u thiet k l va t h i cdng, duyc Ong d u n g d l ddnh gid cho t h d n g tin d i u vao de xdy d y n g m d hinh BIM cho q u i n trj vdn hdnh.
2.5 BUdc 5. Xdy d u h g m d h'mh BM vd nhOttg titdng tin cdn tich App v d o m d / i i n / i S f M
BUdc ndy bao g f i m c i c y * u e i u trong m d hinh BIM nhU:
• Odi t u o n g m d t i khfing gian (Room hodc Space
. Dfii t u o n g m d t i t u d n g , c f i t d i m , va san vd tran (walls, columns, beams, floors a n d ceilings)
• Doi t u o n g tran (ceiling) ^ . Ooi t u o n g ciia di va cira so (doors and windows)
Trong do, ddi t u o n g mo ta khong gian la nhCtng doi tUong khong gian 3 chieu dUoc gi' i han bdl cac doi t u o n g bao q u a n h n h u t r i n
^ceiling), t u d n g (wall) va sdn (floor). Neu kich thuoe hoae vi tri cua nhiMg doi t u o n g bao quanh nay thay doi t h i kieh thuoe cua doi tUong Room hoae Space cung se thay doi theo (Hinh_4]_
Kinh 4 Mmh hoa doi tuonq Rmm trong mo hmh BIM
C i c dfii t u p n g t u d n g , cfit vd sdn l i nhCfng loai dfii t u o n g d ^ n g h?
t h o n g [system type) nin chl cfi t h l m d hinh tO c i c cdng cu cd s i n cOa Revit. Ode d i l m chung cOa c i c loai c i u k i | n ndy Id t h u d n g It khi bj thay dfii trong qud trinh q u i n tri v i n hanh tda nhd trir t r u d n g h p p c i i l?o h o | c xdy m d i . C i c c i u ki&n cot vd t u d n g bao ngodi duoc chia theo t i n g (levels), cde t u d n g bao trong duOc gidi han tU mdt s i n cua t i n g dUdi l i n tdi day san cCia t i n g t r 6 n . C i c c i u kien sdn duoc chia theo p h d n g vdi cac be mat hoan t h i ^ n khae nhau.
Dfii t u p n g tran n h i (ceiling) c u n g Id m f i t d a n g doi t u p n g hi thfing nhiAig li§n q u a n true t i l p d i n c i m d hinh k i l n t n l e v i m f i h i n h d i l n do d f i can cd su thfing n h i t vl^c m d h i n h p h i n t r i n t r o n g m d hinh d i | n hay m d hinh k i l n true. Trong khi d d , cdc d f i i t u p n g cisa d i v i ciia sfi khfing phdi Id n h i i n g d a n g cau kien h i t h o n g cua Revit vd c d I h l dUOc n h j p tiJ n h i l u n g u o n ngodi v i o Revit t h d n g qua cdc Family. Vdi cdc lo^i cOa di
v i ciJia sfi trong phan k i l n true, nghien cilu chinh sLfa tir cac loai cCta d i v i cita sfi m | c dinh d l tao t h i n h c i c e i u k i l n p h i i h o p vdi hinh dang v i kich thudc yeu cau n h u t r o n g bdn ve k i l n tnJc
tflnh S. Mmh hoa dn tUong sdn va cot trong mo hinh BIM
Sau khi x i y dung m d hinh BIM, nghien cUu tien hdnh ede edng tdc k i l m tra chSt lUOTg cCia mfi hinh d l d i m b i o md hinh cd sy chmh xac vi mdt hinh hpc va cdc t h d n g tin dupc dua vao day d u vd chinh x i c N g h i i n cOli ndy sO dung chuong trinh Solibri d l thuc h i l n cdc cfing tdc U l m tra t h d n g tin cua m f i hinh. Sollblri Id chuong trinh thudng duoc iii dgng d l I d i m tra c i c file djnh dang IFC duyc xuat t i f cdc m f i hinh BIM.
Vdi k h i ndng tich hpp cdc d i l u kien kiem tra (Ruleset) v l e i mdt hinh hpc va c i c t h f i n g s6 cua c i c dfii t u y n g trong m f i hinh BIM, Solibri Id mdt cfing eg hl^u qud d l kiem tra chat luong cua mfi hinh. Tiiy theo t i m g loai dfii t u p n g se cd cdc Ruleset kiem tra k h i c nhau, cdc Ruleset cu t h l dimg d l k i l m tra dfi chfnh x i e cua mfl hinh k i l n true duoc cho trong b i n g 1 sau ddy:
B i n g 1 .Cde Ruleset k i l m tra m d hinh BIM khdc nhau Lo9itffii
t i r ^ g
Dfii tupng phdng (Room ho^c Space)
Cic dfii tupng kiln true:
tudng, trin, sdn, cfit dim, mil.
Ruleset dUpc sCfdung
Gen rai Space Check
Intersection between Architectural model
BIM Validation Architectural
Muc dich
Kilm tra mfi hinh cd dfii tUOng Wifing qian (Room hodc Space) hay khfinq Kilm tra cii ddc tinh ciia dfii tUpng phfinq: T#n, sfi phdnq, kich thudc) Kilm tra v l vj tri cOa dfii tupng phdng:
Cdc ddi tupng phdng ed va cham nhau hay khfing, cac dfii tuong phdng d eiing mfit tang phai co thdng sfi cao dd ddy qifinq nhau.
Kilm Ira va cham giila eac doi tUong ciing loai, vidu nhugiUa tucmg vd tudng.
Kilm tra va cham giUa cde doi tupng khde loai, vf du nhu qiCta tudng va sdn.
Kilm tra kich thudc cua cdc ddi tuong cd hpp ly hay khdnq Kilm tra cdc loai ddi tuong bi thieu tronq md hinh
Hinh 6. Mo hinh In'di «iat va d p nhSt thong fin
2.7Btt6c 7. Xdy diing dng dung nin Web vd Mobile cabin vm kha ndng cd the trich xuat du: lieu t i r m d hinh BIM sang dinh dang database MySQL, nghifin ciSu tien h i n h sOf d u n g ngfin ngQ PHP de l i m viec vdi dinh d?ng dU lifiu nay n h i m x i y d i / n g Ong d u n g n i n Web thCf nghiem. Muc dich chinh ciia Ung dung la n h i m sil d u n g co sfi dU lieu BIM n h u m d t n i n t i n g ehung cho cde dem vi q u i n ly tda nhd ed t h l c i i n g truy cap vd q u i n ly m i khfing can p h i i sif dung e i c utig d u n g BIM chuyfin nghiep md v i n ddm b i o t l n h thfing n h i t , c i p nhdt ciia t h f i n g
it ^ Ttch hyp
*" M y S Q L * "* *"
Ifinh 7. M6 hinh indi niSt va tith hap ihong tin BIM len nen Web
Ngodi ifng d u n g q u i n ly n i n Web, nghidn eOu cfin xdy d y n g mfit Ung d y n g n i n Mobile don g i i n tU ed sd dif lifiu MySQL trich xuSt tir mfi hinh BIM. Lfng d u n g duoc chay trfin n i n t i n g di d d n g Android, vdi cde tfnh ndng ehinh bao g f i m :
• Truy cap, xem thfing tin c i c cau k i f n trong tda n h i ,
• N h i n yeu cau cdng tdc, tao cde b i o cdo b i o tri.
•Xem m d hinh BIM trfin t h i l t bj dl dfing.
2.6 Bade 6. Thiit idp ca sd dU lieu cho md hinh BIM cloud A glal dogn sau
Sau Idii hodn thdnh vl?c xdy d y n g m f i hinh BIM, ehung ta tien hdnh xdy d y n g co sd duf lifiu cho m f i hinh BIM. Hfi t h f i n g co sd dU lieu dupc chpn d l tfch hop thdng tin BIM vdo n i n Web Id he thdng MySQL Day l i mfit hi t h f i n g co sd dif lifiu ma ngufin m d vd duoc sCf d y n g rat rfing rdi trong cdc linh vuc t h i l t ke Web cung nhU cdc Ung dung di ddng, Voi k h i ndng hfi t r o cdc giao thUc ODBC, Revit cd khd ndng trich xuat tat c i cde thfing tin t r o n g mfi hinh BIM sang co sd dU lieu MySQL thfing qua su ho trp ciia add-in Revit DB Link cua hang Autodesk. Cac thdng sau khi dUoc trieh x u i t ra MySQL cdn ed k h i ndng c i p nhdt nguoc lai mfi hinh Revit khi cd sU thay dfii. Vdi nhCmg tinh nSng ndy m d ra mdt k h i ndng xdy di/ng RevTt thdnh mfit bd dir lifiu n i n Web hieu qua thong qua cp sd dir
li$u I m n g gian MySQL Hmh 8 Guo dien mo hmh SIM tren nen Mobile
Illlli
2.8 Budc 8. Bdnh gia md hinh ting dung
Di danh gid dupc tinh hifiu qud cda ede i i n g d u n g nen Web vd Mobile, nghien cUu t i l n hanh to chUc bufii hfii thdo vdi sy t h a m gia cua d o n vj q u i n ly tda nha chuyen nghifip. Buoi hdi thdo n h i m muc dich t i m h i l u n h i i n g cfing tac eua c i c d o n vi dang thyc hien va gidi thieu ve cde Ung d y n g n i n Web cua nghien cUu va yeu c i u cdc cd nhan thudc cdc d o n VI q u i n ly toa nhd tham gia hfii thdo ddnh gid ve Ung d u n g . Do cdc d o n VI q u i n ly tda n h i d Vifit Nam hau nhU chua t i l p xuc vol" BIM, do dfi nghifin cOu t i l n hanh tfi chdc khao s i t d thdnh phfi Bangkok, Thailand, vdi sU tham gia cua d o n vj q u i n ly loa nha da vd dang s i i d u n g BIM cho cac cfing tac q u i n ly cdc tda nha ciia hp.
5. K i t lu&n
Bdi bdo ndy da t n n h bdy cac nfil d u n g chi'nh trong quy trinh xay d u n g mfi hinh BIM cho qudn tri van hanh nhd cao t i n g trong thyc t l . Tuy v^y, mfi hinh t h d nghifim mdi chi t r i l n khai cho m d hinh k i l n tnJc, do vdy c i n thUc hien them n h i l u thir nghidm khde cho cac he thfing khdc trong loa nhd n h u ket c i u , dien, nude, thfing gifi, phdng chdy chOa chdy d l hodn thifin quy trinh de xuat. K i t q u i eiia nghifin ciJfu se giOp ky su xay d u n g Viet Nam nhdn b i l t duPc cdc cdng tdc chinh trong v l ^ Otig d y n g BIM trong qudn tri vdn hdnh tda n h i .
Ldi cam on 'Nghien cUu dupc tdi trp bdi Dai hoc Qufic gia Thdnh pho Hfi Chf Minh (DHQG-HCM) trong khufin khfi D l tdi ma sfi C2016-76- 02'.
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Wlken), D. Memlield, J. Vandezande. W. CkhonsU, k Dellana, B FHbns. M. Karakas, D.
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