AC GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN DU LjCH SINH THAI RdNG TRAM TRA SlI, TjNH BIEN, AN GIANG
• Nguyin Thj H^ Vy, Bul XuSn An, VQ Vin Quang, L£ Qu6c TuSfn.
Ktioa Mot tnfdng vii Til nguyen, Tnfdng D^l hgc Ndng Um Tp. HCM
MdDAU
Trong xa hpi phdt triln, nhu ciu dffdc nghi ngdi, dffdc gidi tri cda ngffdi ddn trong mpt mdi trffdng trong Idnh Id mpt dilu eIn thiet. Vi the', du lieh sinh thdi dd ra ddi nhdm tao ra mdt khdng gian thidn nhien vdi nhffng eanh quan vd sinh vat hdi hod de phuc vu nhu ciu nghi dffdng cda ngffdi ddn sau nhffng ngdy Idm viec met nhpe. Du lieh sinh thdi (DLST) cdn Id mpt md hinh phdt triln bin vffng theo phffdng thffe khai thde ngudn tdi nguyen ed sdn de phuc vu ddi sd'ng cda ngffdi ddn dia phffdng qua nhilu the' he nhffhg khdng lam tdn thffdng de'n mdi trffdng. Rffng trdm Trd Sff Id mdt vdng rffng trdng ddc dung vdi diy dd he sinh vat vd eanh quan phong phd, tao nen mdt vdng tilu khi hdu dn hda vd blu khdng khi trong lanh. Day Id mpt dia dilm thudn Idi d l phdt triln du lich sinh thdi. Rffng trdm Trd Sff cdn la ndi ket ndi cdc dilm du lieh ndi tieng cda tinh An Giang, ndn cdng dffdc xem Id tram dffng chdn I^ tffdng cda du khdch trong tuyen du lich vl vdng sdng nffdc. Dinh hffdng phdt triln du lieh sinh thdi tai rffng tram Trd Sff Id mpt viec ldm cin thiet di sd dung hdp ly tai nguyen thien nhien vd phdt triln cpng ddng bin vffng.
DINH Hl/^NG PHAT TRIEN DU LICH SINH T H A I KHU RlfNG TRAM TRA Si/
1. Dinh hudng phat triln cua dia phUdng
Tinh An Giang ndi chung eung nhff huyen Tinh Bien ndi rieng dang sd hffu nhilu thdng cdnh vd khu du lich tilm nang, da vd dang dffdc nhilu ngffdi bie't den. Ngodi ra, ddy cdng la mpt ngdnh tilm ndng cd kha ndng ddng gdp ldn eho ngdn sdch tinh. Do vdy, trong nhffng ndm gin ddy tinh An Giang vd huyen Tjnh Bien dang cd chie'n Iffdc diu tff vd phdt triln du lieh d dia phffdng. Ddy edng Id thdi ed thudn ldi eho Trd Sff khi nhan dffdc sff dng hd tff phia cdc cd^p ehinh quyin khi phdt triln DLST ke't hdp bdo tdn.
2. Dinh hrfdng phat triln DLST cho Tra Srf
\^ee sd hffu mpt khu rffng ngdp nffdc ddc chdng tao dilu kien eho Trd Sff phdt triln DLST, tuy nhien cdng tdc bdo tdn van phdi dffdc tien hdnh vd thdm chi Id dffdc chd trpng nhilu hdn. Khu vffe rffng tram Trd Sff cd thi phdt triln DLST nhff sau:
Quy hoach dia dilm, xdy dffng cdc cdng trinh thffc hien cdng tdc: bao tdn, qudn 1^ du lieh, dja dilm dffng chdn, bai do xe, khu am thffc, khu vf sinh cho du khdch, ...
- D I U tff cdc trang thiet bi vd phffdng tien di chuyin trong khu du lieh,...
Thffe hien tour du lich quanh rffng trdm theo cdc tuyIn du lieh vach san.
Kit hdp DLST vdi edng tdc nghidn cdu khoa hpc.
H 5 trd phat trien kinh te' vd xa hdi khu vffe khi kit hdp vdi cdng ddng dan cff xung quanh, trong viec gidi thieu sdn pham dae trffng vd cdc dich vu hd trd du lieh kem theo.
5
Ngodi ra, vice phdt trien DLST d day cung yCu can tbem edng tdc bdo ve, duy tri ve sinh moi tnfdng va hffdng dan du khdch cdc bien phdp bao vc mdi trffdng.
3. Phdn tich ldi ich khi thdc hien cac giai ph^p quy ho^ch 3.L Cdc gidi phdp Uu tien hdng ddu
Phdt trien du lich sinh thdi theo hffdng ben vffng, bao tdn hf sinh thdi da't ngdp nffdc bdng cdch dinh hffdng phdt trien chffdng trinh du lich hdp ly, khdng vffdt qud gidi ban .sinh thdi.
+ Quy md: tao sff can bdng trong phai trien tham thifc vat tai rffng trdm.
+ Trdch nhiem: ban qudn ly rffng trdm, ngffdi dan tham gia qudn 1^ vd chia sc ldi ich.
+ Ldi ich: bao tdn dffdc gia tri tai nguyen thien nhien, tao cdnh quan xanh vd sach.
Dau tff phdt trien san phd'm du Uch gan lien vdi nang cao ddi sdng nhan ddn tai dia phffdng. To chiJc loai hlnh du lich co sff tham gia cda ngffdi dan tao san pham du ljch mang tinh dan tdc vdng miln dac tnfng.
+ Quy md: cac hp gia dinh tham gia boat dpng du licb qua vice tao ndi lffu tru tai nha (homestay), kinh doanh cac san pham phuc vu khdch du lich.
+ Trdch nhiem: co sff quan 1]^ cua cd quan nhd nffdc, cdc td chde du lich dffdc cap phdp boat dong.
+ Ldi ich: cpng ddng, xa hpi cdng chia sc ldi ich vd trdch nhiem trong boat ddng du lieh sinh thdi.
Quy hoach sd dung dd't cd sff tham gia cda dia phffdng tao ndn vdng dfm eho rffng trdm Trd Sff.
+ Quy md vdng dem: md rpng them 200m tff bia rffng ra phia ben ngodi rffng trdm.
+ Ngffdi sff dung vd qudn ly vdng dem: ngffdi ddn sd hffu dd't cda vdng dfm.
+ Trdch nhiem ngffdi sff dung: canh tdc hdp 1^, sff dung cdc loai phdn bdn hffu cd, cdc loai thudc trilf sau sinh hpc hodc dp dung cdng nghe sinh thdi rapng ddng.
+ Ldi Ich mang lai: tao ngudn thffc dn sach eho cdc lodi chim trong rffng, tao ra mdi trffdng nffdc sach xung quanh rffng trdm vd ndng cao khd ndng tff xff 1^ mdi trffdng cda rffng trdm. Ngffdi ddn canh tdc va sii dung ngudn ldi thdy sdn ngay trdn manh dd't cda minh. Ddm bdo dffdc cdc vu mda khdng sdu benh.
3.2. Cdc gidi phdp Uu tien tiep theo
Md cdc Idp tap hudn nghiep vu du lich, cdch thffe qudng bd du lieh (ed trang web ridng gidi thieu rifng Trdm, proehure, tham gia cdc hdi chd ve du lich,...) hilu bid't tdm I^ du khdch, vin hda du lich, ddc bietB nam vffng cdc quy luat vl sinh thdi hpe, ddm bdo du ljch gdn vdi bdo tdn he smh thdi, he ddng, thffc vat...
- Quy md tap hudn: 50 ngffdi.
Ngffdi thu hffdng: cdc cdn bd, ngffdi ddn tham gia edng tdc qudn ly vd bdo tdn KDL sinh thdi Tra Sif.
- Ldi ich: ndng eao nhdn thffe cda ngffdi ddn xung quanh cd dnh hffdng trffc tiep hodc gidn tiep denrifng tram. Dam bao ldi ich chung vd chia se ldi leh khi khu DLST dffdc dffa vdo khai thdc vdi quy md ldn.
- Chuan bi trang thiet bi edu hd vd nghidm ehinh cha'p hdnh ndi quy, trang bi diy dd do phao vd sii dung do phao trong van chuyin du khdch... tao dilm de'n an todn eho du khdch.
Quy md: 2000 td rdi vd hffdng dan an todn cho du khdch dffdc in a'n, trang bi cdc hf thd'ng phong va chffa chdy (ldp dat 10 tram bdm phuc vu cho viec chffa chdy); 200 do phao.
Ngffdi thu hffdng: du khdch de'n tham quan.
Ldi ich: ffng phd kip thdi vdi cdc rdi ro ed thi xdy ra trong qud trinh triln khai DLST.
4. Cac chrfdng trinh du lich va DLST
Chffdng trinh du lieh Tp. Hd Chi Minh - An Giang, chu dl: Mdt thodng An Giang (2 ngdy 1 dim - di va ve bang d td).
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TINH BIEN NUI CAM TP.HCM
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Hinh 1. Hdnh trinh du lich mdt thodng An Giang
Chffdng trinh du lieh sinh thdi tai rffng trdm Trd Sff (1 ngdy). Tour ddnh cho dodn It ngffdi, khdch nffdc ngodi, de'n rffng Trdm tham quan hoac nghien cffu.
Ddi vdi dodn khdch nghien cdu
\ 8h00
; 8h30
; 12h00 1 13h30
; 18h00
Ddn khdch tai rffng Trdm
Hffdng dan nghien cffu theo yeu eau cda dodn Dung cdm trffa vdi cdc mdn ddc sdn miln Tay
Tie'p tue hffdng ddn nghien ei?u theo yeu elu cda dodn |
Ket didc ; Ddi vdi dodn khdch tham quan trat nghiem
Chu dl: Mdt ngay lam ndng ddn mien TSy Nam Bo
; 8h00
• 8h30
; 12h00
; 13h30 18h00
Ddn khdch tai rffng Tram
Cung tham gia cdc boat ddng eua ngffdi ddn: edu cd, trdng Ida, thu hoach rau mdu, ldm cdc sdn pham thd cdng my nghe
Ddng cdm trffa ehe'bien tff cdc sdn pham thu hoach cda budi sdng Bat diu tham quan rffng trdm
Cheo xudng ngam quan eanh, ngam chim, cd, sen, sung....
Ket thuc
5. Dinh hrfdng cac chddng trinh va hanh dong cu thi
5.1. Tap huan nguon nhdn lUc theo yeu cdu phdt trien DLST
Be triln khai thffc hien cdc chffdng trinh du lich, cin cd dpi ngd phuc vu phdt trien DLST, eu thi nhff bang sau:
a
Bang 1. Cd cS'u nhSn sU dU kie'n dilu h^nh chUdng trinh DLST tai rffng tr^m
B Q p h ^ n B a n qudn
T o h ^ n h chinh
T d k l
to^n
T o b ^ n h ^ n g
Bo p h a n h u d n g d a n
v i e n
B o p h a n nh^ h ^ n g
S6' IffgfnR
02
03
02
02
02
02
C h d e nfing
Qudn ly, d i l u b^lnh b o a t dAng cda Khu du lich.
Phftng chffc ndng trong hO th<^ng td chffc cda Khu du ljch. P h 6 n g c6 hai chffc n d n g Id qudn tri ngudn nhSn life vd qudn tri hdnh chinh.
P h 5 n g chuyfin m 6 n n g h i d p vu trong hd thd'ng td chffc cda khu du lich, chiu stf qudn ly trvfc t i l p cda Tru'dng ban Q u d n ly khu du lich. Thifc hidn cdc nghiGp vu k l todn t h e o qui dinh cda Nhd nUdc. D l xud't cdc gidi p h d p phuc vu yfiu c i u qudn tri vd q u y l t dinh tdi chinh cho Ban qudn ly.
Dinh h u d n g c h i l n lUdc Sale vd M a r k e t i n g cho khu du lich b a o g d m c h i l n li/dc kinh doanh, c h i l n lUdc gid cd, xdc t i l n t i l p thi, c a n h tranh, c h i l n lUdc thUdng hiSu sdn p h i m vd dich vu.
H u d n g d a n cho khdch trUdc khi bdt d i u tham quan: cung cS'p thdng tin qua proehure. Gidi thieu vdn h d a , t a p qudn sinh b o a t tai dia phUdng trdnh gdy xung dot vdn h d a . C d n h b d o cdc m i i nguy h i l m de'n du khdch tff cdc loai d p n g , thtfc vdt nguy h i l m , phd b i l n noi quy t h a m quan.
T o chffc v i e c che" bil^n cdc m d n dn theo ddn ddt hdng cda du k h d c h d u n g vdi s i lUdng, chat liTdng. H p i h o p vdi ban qudn ly vd cdc b o phdn lidn q u a n d i n kinh d o a n h I m thtfc.
G h i c h u
T d hdnh chinh c i n phdn c 6 n g bp phan t i l p ddn (01 ngudi).
Giai d o a n bdt ddu phdt t r i l n du lich sinh thdi c6 t h i do td hdnh chinh kiSm n h i d m
Ky ndng: H i l u b i l t v l x d c t i l n du lich, cdc hinh thffc qudng bd du lich.
T d y theo sU phdt t r i l n du lich tai dSy, bdt d i u Id 02.
T d y theo stf phdt t r i l n D L S T
5.2. Quy hoach cdc phan khu chvCc ndng
Cdc khu hien ed: Sdn chim, Sdn ddi, Khu cdu ed, Khu trang tdm d l phuc vu du khdch. Trong ndm 2011, rffng tram Trd Sff da ddn tiep hdn 18.000 du khdch ndi dja vd qud'c te.
Vdi tinh hinh phdt triln du lich sinh thdi nhff hien nay eIn phdi xdy difng hodc ndng cd'p ed sd vat chat tai rffng trdm d l ddm bdo dffdc sffc chffa 30.000 den 40.000 du khdch moi ndm.
Bang 2. Xdy dvfng cdc phan khu chffc ndng
P h d n i d i u
Khu tnfng bdy vd Trung t a m du khdch
P h a n khu nhd h d n g + nhd v e sinh
Vitrf
G i n U u sd cda T r a m k i l m l a m (hien tai)
X d y dtfng tai Khu trung t d m
C ^ c h bd'trf, C h d e n a n g
Ndi ldm vide cda b 6 p h a n vdn p h d n g (cdc p h d n g ban ndu tren trff b6 phdn nhd hdng).
Phdng tnfhg bdy hinh dnh b o a t d p n g c d a Khu du lich.
T r a m trung c h u y i n du khdch trffde khi bdt d i u vdo rffng t h a m quan.
P h u c vu cdc b u d i dn chinh, sffc chffa 2 0 0 khdch. X d y dUng theo k i l u cdc tum hidn nay, d i i l t k e 2 d a y d p c dUdng m d n , m d i d a y 10 tum (sffc chffa: 10 ngffdi/ I t u m ) .
G h i c h u
Kl^t h d p ddn
ca dia phffdng sau khi ddng cdm
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Tram dffng chan, ghe'dd, thdng rdc
Khu trUng bdy, bdn cdc sdn pham hdng Ivfu niem Khu xff 15^
nffdc sinh boat
Xay dpc cdc tuye'n di be vd xe d a p , x e mdy
G i n trung t a m D u khdch (mdi)
Ben canh khu trung
tdm
Tram dffng chdn: 1km xay 1 tram, ed phuc vu nffdc u6'ng.
Thdng rdc: 500m ddt 1 thdng rdc
Ghe' dd, xich du... b6' tri d6'i didn thdng rdc.
Ndi gidp du khdch nghi ngdi.
Gidi thieu cdc net ddc tnfng cda Vdn hda dia phtfdng, tdng stf phong phd cda loai hlnh du lich. Cd t h i Id tnfng bdy hdng thd c6ng my nghe, det thd cam... (ngdnh nghi tai dia phUdng).
C6 khd ndng xff ly nffdc thdi 20 mVngdy dem
5.3. Thdnh lap cdc tuyen du lich
Tuyen quan sdt dcti, cdu cd (miia mUa vd mUa kho)
PhUdng tien: tac rdng, xe mdy, xe dap ddi, xe dien, thuyin cheo tay hoac thuyin mdy Lo trinh (mua mUa) - Al:
Bat diu tff chd't kilm Idm -> di dpc theo kenh de bao Ngan Tdy vl vi tri 003 sau dd chuyin hffdng vdo kenh khoanh so' 1 (d khu vffe la) eho tdc rdng vdo phdn khu e, d d l ngdm ddi vd ed -> sau dd quay ngffdc trd ra kdnh khoanh so' 1 ehay de'n ngd tff tie'p gidp vdi kenh Nhdn Thdi queo phdi vl thdp eanh (khu vffe dn, udng.. .)-> ehay tid'p de'n kenh phdn khoanh so' 2 -> kenh phan khodnh so 5 -> kenh de bao Ngan Nam quay trd ve chot kiem ldm.
Ld trinh (mua khd) - Bl: Bat diu tff chd't kiem ldm dffa doan den vi tri (004 -005) bdng xe mdy hodc xe difn chuyen dung ne'u cd (8 -10 khdch)->
cheo theo kenh ngan Tdy -> Kenh khoanh sd' l->
vdo khu vffe (lA) phdn khu c, d quan sdt ddi vd cdc loai ddng vdt (di bd) -> ldn thuyin cheo de'n kenh Nhdn Thdi tap trung d khu vffe tnmg tdm dn udng, ien thdp canh quan sdt, ien xe dap, xe mdy, xe dien quay trd vl Tram Kilm ldm.
Md ta tuyIn: Thdi dilm tham quan td't nhdt la budi sdng, tuydn du lich nay mang de'n eho du
Hlnh 2. Ld trinh khdm phd rdng trdm miia mUa (Al) khaeh nhffng trai nghiem thd vi v l boat ddng ddnh bat ed eua dan dia phffdng, tham quan, ehup anh va quan sat ddi.
Tuyin sdn chim (miia kho) Phddng tifn: xe mdy, xe dap
Ld trinh: Chuan hi xe tai chdt kilm lam ->
Chay theo dffdng kdnh de bao Ngan Tdy (003) Dffng ien thdp eanh ngam chim, khung eanh xung quanh -> de'n kenh Ngan Bac -> Din kenh Nhdn
Thdi -> Thap ngam chim khu vffe trung tdm (035)-> Hinh 3. Ld trinh khdm phd rifng trdm mUa kho (Bl) 9
den kenh Ngan Nam v l khu vffe chd't k i l m lam (kit thdc).
M6 ta tuye'n: Thdi d i l m tham quan td't nha't Id budi chilu (sau 16 gid). Tuyen du lich ndy mang de'n eho du khdch quan cdnh an tffdng cda he sinh thdi dd't ngdp nffdc, cdm gide dffdc du ihuycn ngdm canh sdng nffdc, ngdm cdc thffc vdt thdy sinh: sen, sung. Sdn chim Id ndi tuyft vdi dc du khdch thd minh edng thidn nhien.
Tuyen khdmphd tiiien nftiin (miia mUa vd miia kho) PhUdng tien: xe dap, xe dap ddi, xc may, thuyen chdo tay
Ld trinh (mua mffa) - A2: Bdt dau tff chdt kiem lam (thuyin ch^o tay -^ Chay theo kenh de bao Ngan Nam kenh khodnh sd' 5 -^ bdng qua khu vffe 3b ->
kdnh khodnh sd 2 -> d i n kenh Nhdn Thdi khu vffe thdp ngdm chim, dn udng ^ Quay v l bdng xe dap ddi, thuyin, di bd bode xe mdy (chdt kilm ldm).
Lp trinh (mua khd) - B2: Chuan bi xe tai chdt kilm ldm -^ Chay theo dffdng kdnh de bao Ngan Nam (019) -> den kenh Ngan Ddng -^ Di vdo kdnh khodnh sd 1 (15km/h) ^ kenh Nhdn Thdi (035) An udng tai khu vffe trung tdm (thdp ngdm chim) -> Chay theo dffdng kdnh de bao Ngan Nam -> v l chd't kilm Idm.
Mo ta tuy I n : Tuyd'n du lieh dffa du khdch den ddi quan sdt, den day du khdch ed thi thu vdo t i m mat quan eanh eua rffng Trd Sff. Tff trdn cao nhin xudng, mdt vdng dd't vd nffdc xen ke, mdt vdng cdy c i i , mpt vdng chim, ed...
5.4. Thiet lap vd xdy dUng cdc nhd nghi hodc khu nghi dUdng sinh thdi
Viec thdnh lap vd xdy dffng cdc nhd nghi vd khu nghi dffdng sinh thdi ed vai trd quan trpng trong viec thda man nhu e l u cua du khdch ddng thdi tao nen phong canh dae tnfng eho khu vUc rffng trdm.
Dilu ndy khdng ldm phd vd sinh cdnh md cdn tao ndn mdt sff gdn ke't hdi hod giffa cdc cdng trinh nhan tao va ve dep tff nhidn vdn ed eua cdnh vdt thidn nhien. Cdc nhd nghi dffdc xdy dffng chu ye'u dffa tren cdc vat heu hien cd tai rffng trdm, ban che tdi da viec bd tdng hda cdc cdng trinh xay dffng.
KET LUAN
Rffng U-dm Trd Sff da hdi du tat cd cdc y l u td tdi nguydn vd mdi trffdng eho djnh hffdng phdt triln du lieh sinh thdi. Vi the, viec quy hoach vd phdt triln
rffng trdm Trd Sff thdnh khu du lich sinh thdi b^n vffng Id mdt dieu ca'p thid't cho tinh An Giang. Dieu c i n ldm hicn nay Id quy hoach ehi tie't, ndng csfp cdc phdn khu chde ndng vd trang bj cdc thiet bj b^o hp c i n thie't d l ddm bdo eho vifc tie'p ddn tilp du khdch vdi so' Iffdng ngdy edng tdng.
TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
111. BO N6ng nghidp vk PhJit triln nong thon. Th6ng W s i 99/2006/TT - BNN agky 06 thJlng 11 nilm 2006 Hifdng dSn thtfc hi^n m6l s i dieu thupc Quy cbl Qudn If rifng ban h^nh k6m Quyet djnh I86/2006/QD - TTg.
[2]. Chinh phii nifdc CIEXHCN Vifit Nam. Nghi dinhs^
2.3/2006/ND-CP ngJly 03 thAng 03 nAm 2006 cua Chinh phu vc Ihi hAnh Luat Bdo \& vk phiit triln rifng.
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