^^O "^^ ' ^1^" ''°'*9 nghiep Thtfc pham ^ ^ ^
San xuat puou cong nghe moi
TS. N G U Y £ N T H U Y Hl/d-NG, TS. PANG HONG ANH yi^n C6ngnghi$p ThUcphdm
Kiiifu Idng nghe, tittfxx truy<§n th&ng Id m$t n6t v3n hoa ISu ddi cua ngi/di Vi$t. RU^u gao c6 m $ t trong hSu h^t cdc s i / ki^n ciia ddi song xd hgi vd da t r d thdnh linh v^c sdn xuS^t d e m l^i 1 ^ ich khdng nhd cho c$ng ddng vd doanh nghiep. D e san phSm rU^u truyen thdng cd t h € duy tri vd phdt trien b^n vffng, dap iimg ddi hdi cda xS h$i hi$n d^i v e chat lU^ng vd an todn th^c phSm, Vi$n Cong nghi$p Th^c pham da nghidn cuTu vd dp dgng cdng ngh$ sdn xuSft ru'^u chat li^^ng cao vdo th^'c tien sdn xudt rat thdnh cdng. Cdng ngh^ sdn xuSft rif^u chat li^^ng cao ndy da k€t h^p dU^c y^u t d truyign thdng vdi y^u t d hi$n d^i, bdo tdn du'^c gid trj vdn hda truyi&n thdng vd ndng gid trj vdn hda dfy phu h ^ vdi ydu cdu chdit lU^ng ciia xd hpi hi^n d^i.
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dng vdi nln van minh Ida nddc, cdng ngh|sin xuat rdpu gao ddpc hinh thinh td rlt sdm.
Dpc theo chilu dii hinh chfl S, nhiiu ling nghe sin xuit rdpu gao ddpc hinh thinh. Ky thuit nlu rdpu cda mdi gia ^ n h , mdi ling nghe ddpc gifl bi mat va cht ddpc truyin lai cho con trai vi con diu, khdng truyin cho con gdi vdi suy nghi ring, con gii vl lim diu gia (finh khac, se 10 bl quyit nghl.
T\iy nhiin, quy mo sin xuit nhd II cimg vdi nhflng ban che ve kiln thdc trong sin xuit rdpu di b^c 1$
mot s& nhdpc diem vi chit Idpng, an toin v | sinh thdc phlm. Dieu niy da inh hddng khdng nhd den hinh inh cda rdpu truyin thong cung nhd anh hddng tieu cdc den sdc khde ngddi tilu dung.
Ttong nhflng nam qua, Vi|n Cdr^ nghiip Thdc phlm di nghiln cdu vi dp dung vio thdc tiin sin xuit cdng ngh$ sin xuit rdpu mdi.
Bing cdng ngh| sin xuit rdpu mdi nay, di dda trinh d$ cdng ngh| san xuat rdpu truyen thong cda Vi|t Nam tiep cin ddpc vdi trinh dd khoa hpc-cdng ngh? tien tien trln thi gidi.
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Chuyin giao cdng nghi SX ruau cho Cdng ty CP ThUcphdm vd Thdc udng Viit tgi tlnh Long An
Nguyen ii$u va phu'dng phdp XLf ly nguyen li$u
Td xa xda, de lim ra mpt loai rdpu ngon, dng cha ta da rlt chu trpng khiu chpn gao. Gao dung trong sin xuat rdpu thddng li nhflng loai gao dac sin cua dja phddng nhd Nip cii Hoa ving, Nep Hddng, Nang Thdm, Ning Hddng... Gao dung de sin xuat rdpu theo cong ngh| mdi niy
li gao tl thdm, hat trdn mlu tring, x6p. D l tao hddng thdm thuin khilt cho rdpu sau lln men, gao trddc khi ddng ddpc vo sach, nhim myc dich loai bd Idp cim bim trln b l mat hat gao.
Tilp theo, gao ddpc ngim trong khoing 10 - 12 gid. Ngim gao d l nddc c6 thi ngim vio bin trong loi cua hat gao, giup cho qui trinh dd gao ddpc d l dang. Thdi gian
Website: w w w . t a p c h i c o n g n g h i e p . v n - -KJ^l, thing 7/2012 « C 6 N G N G H I $ P | 3 9
- ^ n a m - Vien Cong nghiep Thuc pham
ngim gao thay ddi tdy thu^c vio chdng loai gao vi thdi tilt. Thdng thddng, t h ^ gian ngim gao trong mda ddng dii hdn mda hi.
Gao sau ngim ddpc vdt ra, dl rio. Myc dfch cda qui trinh niy li dl loai bd lupng nddc dd thda trddc khi hip. TVong sin xuit rdpu theo cdng ngh| mdi niy, khiu hip gao li rlt quan tipng. Myc dlch cda qui trinh hip li nhim lim mim hat gao, tinh b^t trong hat gao ddpc chuyin sang trang thii alpha, gidp cho h | s ^ cda nim mdc dl ding phit triin trong qui trinh d mdc sau niy. Bddc lim ngu^i cdm hip:
Nhi|t do cda khdi cdm sau kht hip chin li qui cao d€ bio td nim mdc cd thi sinh trddng, vl v$y, nhi|t dfy cda cdm hip phii ddpc lim nguOi xudng 35°C.
Vi sinh v$t trong sdn xudt ri/tfu cdng ngh$ mdi
Vi sinh v^t dimg trong sin xuit rdpu ddi^ vai trd quan trpng, quyit djnh ning suit vi chit Idpng rdpu. Bi quyet nSu rdpu trong ling n ^ l thddng t ^ trung vio ngddi lim binh men.
Mdi dja phddng khie nhau, binh men ddpc chuin bj theo nhflng cdng thdc khie nhau vi vdi men gdc cda rilng minh. Theo Anthony C. Lee vi Yusaku Fujio (1997), h | vi sinh vit trong binh men Vi|t Nam chd ylu thu^c cic chi: Chi Rhlzopus; Mucor; Saccha- romycopsis, Aspergillus; Saccharo- myces cerevisiae vi vi khuin Lactic acidbacteria. Trong nhdng nim gin diy, cic cd sd sin xuit rdpu truyin thdng hlu nhd khdng td sin xuib binh men mi sd dyng cic lo^
men bdn sin trln thj trddng vdi ngudn gdc chit I d ^ g khdng ddpc kilm soit Sin xuit rdpu theo cdng nghl mdi, nim mdc thuin chdng thuOc cic loii A. n^er; A. awamorl vi chdng nim men Saccharomy- ces cerevisiae CNTP 7028 da ddpc chdng minh li an toin, khdng sinh dOc td vi nim ddpc sd dyng.
U mdc, sinh tdng h^p h$
enzym thuy phdn tinh b$t Khiu quan trpng cda cdng ngh|
mdi niy li nudi chi phlm nim mdc trln cdm hip (tddng td kojE cda Nhit Bin). Ning suit vi chit Idpng c6a rdpu ddpc quyit djnh d khiu nudi chi phlm niy. Khdi cdm sau khi hip chin ddpc lim ngu^i xudng 35''C, bio td nim mdc dd^c rlc lln trln bl m$t cda hat gao dd vi tr^n diu. Gao dd sau khi cly bio td n ^ mdc, ddpc phd mOt Idp vii phin vi gifl trong phdng Im, thoing khf vdi him Im Uifch hpp. Qui trinh nudi chi phlm nim m6c klo dii trong khoing thdi gian td 40 din 45 gid.
TVong thdi gian niy, sd phit triin cda koji ddpc kilm tra vi dio tr^n liln tyc d l ludn duy tri nhi|t dO vi him Im thfch hpp. Him Im thfch hpp cho sd phit triin cda nim m6c trln gao dd li td 44 - 46% (w/w).
Bdi vi h | spi cua nim mdc phit triin vio bin trong cda hat gao dfi nln trong qud trinh d nhi|t dO tang lln ddng kl. Nhi^t dO d, thdi gian d, him Im ci^ gao dd phii ddpc kilm soit nghilm ngit, dim bio thfch hpp cho nim mdc phit trilm vi sinh tdng hpp cic enzym cin thilt
Cdng ngh$ dUdng hda vi l£n men ddng thdi
Trong lln men rdpu truyin thdng, qud trinh dddng hda vi lln men li hai cdng doan tich rdi nhau. Theo cdng ngh| mdi niy, cdm hip sau 48 gid d nim mdc ddpc lln men cdng viA nim men Saccharomyces cerevisiae. TVong qui trinh lin men, m^t Idpng cdm hip dd^c bd sung vio. Qui trinh dddng hda vi lln men ddpc diin ra ddng thdi, dddng hinh thinh trong qui trinh thdy phin tinh b^t ngay lip tdc dd^c nim men lln men thinh rdpu, nhd dd sif nhilm tap ddpc ban chi. Nhi|t dO cda qui trinh lln men ddpc duy tri 6n d}nh trong khoing 25 - 28''C di dim bio cho qui trinh lln men diin ra td td, nhim ban chi sd hinh thinh cic tap chit khdng mong mudn nhd aldehyde, cic rdpu bic cao.
Sau 10-15 ngiy lln men d nhi?t dO
trln, do rdpu trong dim chfn dat td 13-15%v/vethanoL Chu^g cdt rtttfu
Khic phyc nhflng nhdpc dilm cda phddng phip chdng cit bing dng ruOt gi cda cdng ngh$ sin xuit rdpu truyin thdng. Cdi^
doan chdng d t cda sin xuit rdpu cdng nghl mdi sd dyng nguyin If chdng cit ip suit thIp. Rdpu sau lln men ddpc chuyin qua thilt bj chdng cit ip suit t h ^ , nhd nhi|t do sdi thIp, cic clu td tao hdong ddpc cudn theo cdng vdi rdpu tao cho sin phim cd hddng thdm d^
trdng cda r d ^ gao lln men. Rdpu bic cao, cic tap chit ddpc loai bd cdng vdi rdpu diu vi rdpu cuOi cda qui trinh chdng c i t
Cd thi ndi, sin xuit rdpu theo cdng nghl mdi da khic ph^c ddpc nhflng ylu k ^ vl chit Idpng vi v|
sinh an toin thdc phim cua rdpu truyin thdng nhd cii tiin mOt sd cdng doan nhd: Sd dyng chdng gidng nim mdc thuin chdng vi khdng sinh dOc td vl nim; Sd dyng gao chit Idpng tdt; Cac thdng s6 cda qui trinh d nim mdc trln cdm hip vi qui trinh lln men (nhi|t dO, thiti gian. him Im v.v) ddpc kilm soit nghilm ng$^ Sd dyi^ nguyin If chdng d t ip suit t h ^ kit h ^ v ^ vi|c loai bd rdpu diu vi r d ^ cudi trong qui trinh chdng d t ^ tao ra sin phlm mang hddng vi d$c trdng cda rdpu truyin thdng, dim bio d c tilu chuin v6 v | sinh an toin thdc phlm.
Sau khi triin khai thdc nghi|m tai Xddng Thdc nghi|m Cdi^ i ^ sinh hpc cda \^|n thinh cdi^^
Vi^n Cdng nghiip Thdc phlm di chuyin giao cdng ngh$ sin xuit nicfu cho Cdng ty C6 phin Thdc phlm vi Thdc udng Vi?t tai Khu Cdng nghiip T ^ Ddc, huyf n Ddc Hda. tlnh Long An. chit idpi^ sin phlm d i ddpc ngddi tilu ddng d6n nhin. Hi|n nay, Cdng ty dang tlln hinh md rOng sin x i ^ vi tang cddng tilp th) sin phlm dl nhanh chdng dda din cho i ^ d i tilu ddng sin phlm mdi, chat Idpng cao, dim bio an toin thdc phlm.<*
4 0 CdNG NGH1(P» K^ 1, thing 7/2012- —Wtobsite: www.tapchicongnghlep.vn
