THISNTKINHIINE'
Tdm tat: Ndm 2016 Nhdt Bdn da dua ra y tuang vd thdo ludn ve viic xdy dtrng xd hdi Nhgt Bdn 5.0, mdt xd hgi sieu thdng minh. tdn dung nhiing thdnh qud tinh tuy nhdl cita cudc cdch mgng cdng nghiep 4.0 (tri tue nhdn tgo, robot, internet vgn vgi dit liiu l&n) di gidi quyet cac vdn di xd hgi nan gidi, dem Igi cudc sdng viin man cho ngirdi ddn trong luang lai Bdi Viet trinh bgy nhiing hiiu biil ca bdn vi xd hgi 5.0, phdn lich nhiing khd khdn, thach thitc Nhgt Bdn cdn phdi vu0 qua nhu vdn di an ninh bdo mdt dit iifu vd nhirng rdo cdn vi ca chi chinh sdch giiia cdc bg vd ngdnh, hi thdng phdp ly, cdng nghi, ngudn nhdn luc vd su chdp nhdn ctia xd hgi tren con dudng hiin thtrc hdg xd hgi 5.0, dong thdi phdn tich triin vgng vi xd hgi 5.0 a Nhgt Bdn trong tuong lai dgc biit Id trong cdc ITnh vuc nhu chdm sdcy li, giao thdng van tdi, ky thugl hg tdng vd tdi chinh.
Tir khda: Nhgt Ban, Xa hdi 5.0, Cdng nghe, Tri tue nhan tgo. Robot 1. Khdi lupc v l xa hpi Nhat Ban 5.0
Theo quan niem cua Nhgt Ban, loai ngudi da trdi qua cac budc phat triin tu thip den cao gin vdi ten gpi, dac tnmg cua xa hpi: xa hgi 1.0 (xa hgi san bin, hai lugm); xa hpi 2.0 (xa hdi ndng nghiep); xa hdi 3.0 (xa hgi cdng nghipp); xa hdi 4.0 (xa hdi thdng tin) va hien nay budc tiin thu 5 trong cudc each mgng xa hdi (xa hdi 5.0) vugt xa nhiing hinh mau xa hdi teudc day vdi nen tang la mdt cudc each mang khoa hpc - cdng nghe hien dgi, va Nhat Ban la qudc gia di dau.
Vao nam 2016, Chinh phu Nhgt Ban da neu ra nhthig thach thue can trd sy phat trien ben vung cua Nhgt Ban: su cgnh tranh kinh te tren toan cau, xa hpi sieu gia hda vdi ganh ndng eham sdc y te ngay cang tang trong khi luc lugng lao ddng tre sut giam. De vugt qua
TS., Vifn Nghien cuu Dong Bac A, Vifin Han lam Khoa hpc xa hoi Vi?t nam
nhdng thach thue do. Lien doan cac doanh nghiep Nhgt Ban (Keidanren - tap doan ldn nhat qudc gia) da de ra tam nhin vl mdt xa hdi mdi "sieu thdng minh", cdn gpi la "xa hdi 5.0". x a hdi Nhat Ban theo md hinh nay se phat triin ben vimg trong hoan canh dan sd suy giam, khing djnh dupc vj thi cua Nhgt Ban trong qua trinh canh tranh loan ciu va gdp phin giai quyit cac vin chung cua nhan loai.
Khai niem "xd hdi 5.0" xuit hien lin diu trong Ke hogch co bdn khoa hgc vd cong nghi lin thu nam, mpt chiin luge qudc gia nam nam dugc xay dyng bdi Hdi ddng Khoa hpc, Cdng nghe vd Sang tao (CSTI). Kl hogch nay da ket hgp cac kit qua thao luan chuyen sau cua cac uy ban chuyen gia do Bd Giao due. Van hda, Thi thao, Khoa hoc va Cdng nghe (MEXT) va Bg Kinh tl, Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep (METl) quan ly tir nam
40 NGHltN tda OdNQ B^C fl. $d 5 ( 2 3 I 7 M ^
Nghien cicu khoa hpc
2014. Trong nam 2015 va 2016, cac bd tradng va lanh dgo doanh nghiep cd lien quan da gap nhau nhieu lan de thao luan vl hudng di ma Nhat Ban nen thye hien. Chi vdi tiiang sau khi CSTI cdng bd K l hogch co ban khoa hgc va cdng nghe thu nam. Lien doan doanh nghiep Nhat Ban da cdng bd dl xuat chinh sach cua rieng minh vl xa hdi 5.0 va mdi quan he gitra chinh phu vdi ngdnh cdng nghiep, dac biet la vdi Keidanren ngay cang chat che, tgo ddng luc thuc diy nhanh qua trinh hinh thanh xa hdi 5.0.
Dugc ggi la xa hdi sieu thdng minh, xa hdi 5.0 hinh dung ra mdt he thdng kinh tl xa hdi todn dien, ben virng, dupe hd trg bdi cac cdng nghe ky thuat sd nhu phan tich dir lieu khdng Id (big data), tri tap nhan tgo (AI), Intemet vgn vat (loT) va robot. He thdng vat ly khdng gian mgng, teong do khdng gian mgng va khdng gian vgt ly dugc tich hgp chat che, trd thanh mdt he thdng cdng nghe phd bien hd tro xa hpi 5.0. Sy chuyen ddi sang xa hpi 5.0 dugc coi la tuong ty nhu cupc each mang cdng nghiep Ian thd tu, ttong dd ca hai khai niem deu de cap den sy thay ddi co ban hien tai cua kinh te the gidi theo mpt md hinh mdi. Tuy nhien, xa hpi 5.0 la mpt khai niem sau rdng ban, vi nd hinh dung ra mdt sy thay ddi hoan toan ve Idi sdng. Trong xa hdi 5.0, mpi san pham hogc djch vu se dugc phan phdi mpt each tdi im va phu hgp vdi nhu cau cua mpi ngudi.
Ddng thdi, xa hpi 5.0 se giup con ngudi vugt qua cac thach thuc xa hdi nhu lao hda dan sd, phan cyc xa hdi, suy suy giam dan sd va nhtrng ban che lien quan den van de nang lugng va mdi trudng.
Chien luge cdng nghe tti tue nhan tgo Nhgt Ban la ti^ cdt chinh cua xa hpi 5.0.
Chien luge nay md ta Al la mpt djch vy va du kien ba giai dogn phat ttien va su dyng AI: (1) md rdng su dyng AI diiu khiin dti lieu ttong mdi miin djch vy, (2) su dyng chung AI va dtf lieu tren cac djch vu va (3) hinh thanh he sinh thai thdng qua viec sap nhgp phuc tgp cac djch vu nay. Chiin luge cdng nghe tri tue nhan tgo ap dung khung nay cho ba linh vyc uu tien cua xa hpi 5.0 la sue khde, tinh di ddng va nang suit'.
Trong xa hdi 5.0, dir lipu khdng Id Id ngudn tai nguyen chinh dugc thu thgp tu rit nhieu ngudn khac nhau, thdng qua loT, tu cac cam bien, camera... trong khdng gian thye, duoc tich luy vao khdng gian ao (khdng gian dam may), va dupc Al chuyin ddi thanh mpt loai tri thdng minh mdi di tdi mgi ngdc ngach trong xa hdi. Cac gia trj va djch vy mdi se dugc tgo ra lien tuc nen mgi ngudi dugc cung cap cac san pham va dich vu vdi sd lugng vd vao thdi diim can thiet, lam cho cudc sdng cua mgi ngudi trd nen thoai mai vd dn djnh ban. Chinh vi vay trong Ke hoach co ban khoa hpc va cdng nghp lan thu nam Nhgt Ban da djnh nghia "xa hdi 5.0 la mpt xa hdi lay con ngudi la trang tam, la xa hdi can bang gitia phat trien ve kinh te va giai quyet cae van de xa hdi bang he thdng tich hpp cao gitra khdng gian ao va khdng gian thyc"^
UNESCO, https://en.unesco.org/news/japan-pushing- ahead-societ>'-50-overcome-chronic-social-challenges.
- Nguyen Dinh Due, "Society 5,0: Chinh phu Nhat Ban da v^ dang xay dung xa hpi 5.0 trong ke ho?ch 2016-2020", https://vmcg.v^^ai-viet/sociely-5-0-chinh-phu-nhat-ban- da-va-dang-xay-dung-xa-hoi-5-0-lrong-ke-hoach-20I6- 2020/6de8b7ce-d88f-4369-ac76-37cff5ccf2a2.
NGHIEN CdlU OdNG BflC fl. sd 5(231) 5-2020 41
Xa hdi 5.0 la mdt chuang trinh va tim nhin cu the tgi Nhgt Ban xoay quanh hai xu hudng cdng nghe Men tgi dang diln ra tten the gitji ndi chung: loT va AI nham muc tieu hpi tu khdng gian do vdi the gidi thyc dl gidi quyet cac van de nhu tang nhu cau nang lugng va thuc pham, bat binh dang ttong xa hpi va xa hpi gia hda.
Ban chat cua xd hdi 5.0 la su ket hgp cac tinh tdy mgi Iinh vyc cda xa hdi tu cdng nghipp, kinh te, khoa hgc, y te, giao due, tam linh... de dua ra giai phap tdt nhat, tdn it sue lao dpng, dua ra ket qud tdt nhit phuc vy Igi ich con ngudi.
Cau tnic xa hdi 5.0 se dya tren dO lieu dugc thu thap bdi cac cam bien ttong thi gidi thyc dugc gui den the gidi do tten dam may dl dugc phan tich bang AI. Sau dd, cac da lieu ndy quay ttd Igi the gidi thyc d dgng vat ly thdng qua robot, may mdc, xe tu hanh hay thgm chi la may tinh. Dac biet, sang kien va cdng nghe se khdng chi dupe su dyng cho lgi ich cua cac doanh nghiep ma cdn mang lgi Ipi ich cho toan xa hdi^.
Nguyen tic de xay dung va van hanh xa hgi 5.0 la phan tieh dir lieu nhd sue mgnh tri tue nhan tgo (AI) va tan dung tdi da sue manh cdng nghe dl nang cao hieu qua vd giai quyet mgi van de san xuat hay xa hdi.
Xa hdi 5.0 se tim kiem mpt con dudng ma cdng nghe cd the giup tat ca mgi ngudi dan tham gia vao hogt ddng xa hdi, ke ca ngudi cao tudi, ngudi nude ngoai. Thay vi cgnh teanh khdc liet, cdng nghp mai se mang lgi
sy hgp tac cua mgi thanh \ ien xa hpi vdi nhau, vdi cac doanh nghiep nude ngoai .
x a hpi 5.0 chinh la xa hdi mdi teong bdi canh each mgng cdng nghiep 4.0, la mdt xd hpi sieu tiiong minh, nhung phat ttien mpt each bin viing vi con ngudi, cho con ngudi.
Ci dd, loai ngudi, cac robot va mdt tei tup nhan tgo se cung tdn tai va lao dpng de dap cac nhu cau ca ban ve vgt chat va tinh than mpt cdch diy du nhat cua con ngudi.
Trade ddy, teong xa hpi 4.0 (xa hpi thdng tin), du lieu dupc thu thgp se do con ngudi phan tich, cdn trong xa hpi 5.0, con ngudi, vgn vat va cac he thdng dugc ket ndi vdi nhau tgi khdng gian ao, sieu thdng minh. Tai dd, tri tup nhan tgo, du doan vupt ca tti tue cua con ngudi, se phan tich dd lieu va trayen ket qua phan tich trd lgi cho khdng gian thyc dudi cac hinh thuc khac nhau. Hieu mdt each don gian, xd hpi 5.0 dugc van hanh tten nen tang ky thugt sd, thu thgp, phan tich cac dir lieu ldn dl dua ra cac giai phap. Cu thi, may tinh vdi sy trp giup cua AI sS lgc nhdng tiidng tin quan ttpng chua trong cac bd nhd dam may de phan tich va vdi nen tang ban dau Id cupc each mgng cdng nghiep 4.0, mpt lugng Idn vat chat sg duge tgo ra, dap ung dugc cac nhu cau ngay cang cao va da dang cua con ngudi, dam bao sy phat triin bin vdng cua xa hpi.
Khac vdi xa hdi 4.0 Idy sd hda lam trang tam, su dyng cdng nghe de thuc diy xa hdi phat trien, xa hpi 5.0 lay con ngudi la tmng
' Phuong Thao, "Nhjl Ban cai cich "xa hgi 5.0", dua van minh Ien tSm cao mOi", https://kienthuc.net.vn/khoa-hoc- cong-nghe/nhat-ban-cai-cach-xa-hoi-50-dua-van-minh- len-lam-cao-moi.
' Trang NguySn, "Huiing Idi cong ngh? Xa hji 5.0"
https://lhuonghieucongluan.com.vn/huong-loi-cong-no],e ' xa-hoi-5-0-a69985.html.https://vmcg.vn/bai-viet/socielv 5-0-chinh-phu-nhat-ban-da-va-dang-xay-dung-xa-hoi.5.f) trong-ke-hoach-2016-2020/6de8b7ce-d88f-4369-ac76.
37cff5cc£2a2.
42 NQHIEN CdlU OdNG B^C fl. Sd 5(231)1^^^^
Nghien cicu khoa hpc
tam, sd hda Id phucmg tien lam eho con ngudi hgnh phuc va dugc hudng nhiiu tien ich mdi ttong xd hdi sieu thdng minh. Xa hdi 5.0 dua cac cdng cy cdng nghe tien tiin din vdi cdng chung, cd ging lam giam nhihig khd khdn va cai thien cudc sdng cua con ngudi. Trong khi cudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 chi tap trang d linh vuc san xuit thi xa hdi 5.0 lai md rdng ra mpi ngdc ngach cua xa hdi.
Sy chuyin ddi sang xd hdi 5.0 dupc eoi la tuang tu nhu each mang cdng nghiep lin thu tu, ttong dd ca hai khai niem deu dl cap din sy thay ddi co bdn cua nin kinh tl ihl gidi theo mdt md hinh mdi. Tuy nhien, xa hdi 5.0 la mpt khai niem sau rpng hon, vi nd hinh dung mdt sy thay doi hoan toan trong Idi sdng eua con ngudi.
Xa hdi Nhgt Ban 5.0 khdng chi don thuin la ndi ve kinh te ma la ndi ve sy sd hda cda todn xa hdi de lam cho xa hdi trd nen sieu thdng minh. Cung vdi phat triin kinh te thdng qua viec tao ra gia trj mdi bang each cung cip cac san phim va dich vu cdng nghe cao, xa hdi Nhat Ban 5.0 ddng thdi tap ttung vao cac giai phap de giai quyet cac van de xa hpi nhu tang nhu cau nang luong va thyc pham, an toan va an ninh, bien ddi khi hgu, dan sd gia, bat binh dang khu vac va kinh te khac biet.
2. Thach thiic
x a hpi 5.0 dugc du bao la mdt dy an day tham vpng nham muc dich giai quyet cac van de kinh te va xa hdi hien hanh thdng qua viec tich hpp cac ITnh vyc vat ly va khdng gian mgng. Y tudng nay cua xa hdi 5.0 nhin nhgn sy tiiay ddi va tien bg cdng nghe mang y nghia tich cyc va ed the kiem soat dupc.
dua ra dupe nhtrng giai phap cho nhiiu tiiach tilde ldn ma Nhgt Ban va cac nude phat triin khac dang phai ddi mat. Tuy nhien. viin canh nay da it tinh den nhtmg mdi nguy hiem tiem tang khi intemet va tri tap nhan tao dugc su dung rpng rai trong cac hogt ddng xa hdi.
De hien thyc hda xa hpi 5.0 thi "vgn v,it"
can dugc ket ndi vdi nhau thdng qua mgng intemet va loai ngudi can xay dung eac hp thdng du lieu khac nhau, tich hpp chung lai va de cac he thdng ket ndi vdi nhau. "Sy tich hop nay cho phep nhiiu dir lipu rit khac nhau (dir lieu web, dil lieu hogt dpng eua con ngudi, dd lieu dja ly 3D, dil lieu giao thdng, dti lieu quan sat mdi trudng, dir lipu san xuit va phan phdi cua edng nghiep vd ndng nghiep, cung nhu cac dii lieu khac) dupc thu thap, phan tich, va ap dyng tren tit ca cac hp thdng phdi hpp va cpng tac de lien tyc tgo ra cae gia trj va djch vu mdi"^. Muc dp hcrp nhat gitra khdng gian do va thi gidi thyc rdt cao nen thiet hgi ma cac cupc tan cdng tren mang cd the gay ra tren the gidi thyc s6 ngay cang ttd nen tram trpng va cd thi anh hudng ldn den cac hoat ddng kinh tl - xd hgi. Dieu nay nay sinh van de an ninh bao mat dil lipu.
Viec gia tang su dung he sinh thai loT s6 lam tang nguy co xam phgm ddi tu, an ninh mgng va nhung van de lien quan den trach nhiem cua con ngudi trong su dyng cdc san pham ket ndi khdng day hay cac phuong tien khdng ngudi lai va van de bao mat se trd nen quan trpng hon rat nhieu. Neu ke xau xam
' NASATI. "Hien Ihuc hoa "x3 hgi sieu thong minh" hang dau thS gioi (Xa hoi 5.0)", din theo htlp://www,vista.
gov.vn/UserPages/News/detail/tabid/73/newsid/16018/seo /Hien-lhuc-hoa-xa-hoi-sieu-thong-minh-hang-dau-lhe- gioi-Xa-hoi-5-0-/Ianguage/vi-VN/DefauIl.aspx.
NGHllN CdlU OdNG B^C fl. sd 5(231) 5-2020 43
nhap vao dugc nhtmg dtt lieu tdi mat cua ddi thu canh tranh hay cua mgt qudc gia khac thi dd se la mot thdm hpa khdn ludng. Vi vay tgi Nhgt Ban, chmh phd, doanh nghiep da cimg hgp tac de soan ra lugt quan ly dir lieu nhim giai quyit van de nan giai nay.
Ben cgnh dd, de hien thuc hda xa hpi 5.0 con ngudi phai xay dyng, tich hgp, kit ndi cac he thdng dir lieu khac nhau sau do phan tich va ap dyng tren tat ca cac he thdng phdi hgp va cdng tac de tgo ra cac gia ttj va djch vy mdi. Tuy nhien, dl xay dyng, kit ndi dupc cdc he thdng dd lieu gida cac cdng ty ngay lap tuc la dieu khdng de dang vi dl Iam dugc diiu dd can cd thdi gian va du ngudn Iyc (ngudn nhan Iyc d trinh dp cao vd vat chat). Hien tgi, cac nha san xuat cd xu hudng sd hiiu sd lugng ldn dii lieu thu thgp dugc theo cac kenh cua rieng mmh va hgn chl chia sd vdi cac edng ty khac. Dieu nay phin nao hgn che kha nang phat ttien nhthig cdng nghe mdi va lang phi tai nguyen dir lieu.
Ngoai ra, dl dgt dupc nhtmg thanh qua dang mong dpi ttong xa hgi 5.0, Nhat Ban s6 can phai vugt qua mdt sd rao can ve ca che chinh sach gitla cac bd nganh, he thdng phap ly, cdng nghp, nhan lyc va nhan thuc xa hdi'.
Tru&c hit la rao can ve co che chinh sach gida cac bd, nganh (thgm chi la giira cac qudc gia) vdi nhau, ddc biet la van de quan hp gida cac bp khac nhau cda chinh phu ve chien lupc cdng nghe tti tue nhan tao (try cot chinh cua xa hoi 5.0). Xa hdi 5.0 ciia Nhat Ban khdng chi la vl cdng nghe, ma cdn bao gdm nhtrng chinh sach va quy djnh djnh hinh sy phat teien cua nd. Do vay, thanh phan
'l-Scoop(20I8).
chinh teong xa hdi 5.0 khdng chi ia cac nganh cdng nghiep 4.0 ma cdn bao gdm cac td chuc, tit ca cac ben lien quan nhu cdng dan, chinh phu, hpc vien... Tuy nhien, teong tiiyc tl, mac du Van phdng npi cac va Bp Ndi vy va Trayin thdng ddng vai ted quan tepng ttong viee tiiilt lap cac nguyen tac chung de phat triin chinh sach AI nhung Bp Kinh tl, Thuang mgi va Cdng nghiep Igi dupc chu ddng ttong viec dua ra cac chinh sdch, phuong thuc cgnh ttanh giua cac khu vyc. Cac bp nganh nhu Bd Dat dai, Co sd hg tang va Giao thdng van tai va Bp Y te, Phuc Ipi va Lao ddng thi dugc chu ddng trong timg Iinh vyc ung dyng (nhu cac logi xe va ttang tiiilt bj y te ty dgng su dung tri tap nhan tgo). Dieu nay cd the dan den sy thiiu thdng nhit trong mpt sd chinh sach, lam anh hudng den mdi quan hp gitta cac bp va nganh.
Thit hai, rdo can ve he thdng phap Iy cin phai -vugt qua dl tgo ra hanh lang phap ly mdi cho vide dp dyng cac ky thugt tien tiin.
Trade khi dgt dugc nhtmg nhung thay ddi mdi trong xa h^i, cd rat nhiiu cdng viec, bao gdm ca nhiing vin d l phap ly mdi tu cip dp qudc gia tdi todn ciu can phai thyc hien. Do vay he thdng phap iy cin phai dupc ddi mdi dl giai quyit cac trd nggi phap ly khac nhau cung nhu lam the nao dl tich hpp thi gidi ao vdi thi gidi thyc vd su dyng robot trong tit ca cac linh vyc. Trong thyc tl, diiu nay cung cd nghia la cin phai cai each quy djnh va thuc diy sd hda hanh chinh.
Thit ba, can vupt qua rao can vl cons nghp (nhan td hinh thanh nen nin tang tri thue). Du lieu hogt dpng cung nhu tit ca cac cdng nghe/llnh vyc de bao vp va su dung tir
44 NGHIEN CdlU OdNG B4C fl. sd 5 ( 2 3 1 ) 1 J ^
Nghien ciiu khoa hpc
an ninh mgng din cdng nghe robot, nano, sinh hpc va hp tiidng cdng nghe ddng vai ted nen tang cin dugc nghien cim va phat triin d cdc cap dp khac nhau dl phu hop vdi sy phat ttien xa hpi.
Thii tu, rao can vl ngudn nhan lyc anh hudng ldn tdi viec hien thyc hda xa hdi 5.0.
Xa hpi 5.0 ddi hdi mpi thanh phin trong xa hpi phai ed kiln thuc chuyen sau trong linh vyc cdng nghe thdng tin, cd nhiiu ngudi cd chuyen nganh vl ky thuat sd. Rao can nay Nhgt Ban dang tung budc vugt qua nhd cdc cupc cai each giao dye trong dd cd vipc chu ttpng den viec tdng cudng sy hiiu biit vl cdng nghe thdng tin trong cac trudng hpc, md rgng ngudn nhan lyc sdn cd cac chuyen nganh ve ky nang ky thugt sd tien tiin, dy djnh se md eua cho cac chuyen gia cd tay nghe cao trong cac ITnh vyc nhu bao mat va khoa hpc dir lieu va khuyen khich phy ntr tham gia vao thi trudng lao ddng dl phat hipn nhimg tai nang tiem an cua hg,...
Thir nam, rao can ve nhgn thuc xa hdi sieu thdng minh ddng vai ttd quan trpng trong vipc hien thuc hda xa hdi 5.0. Sy chap nhan cua xa hpi ddi vdi nhimg san pham va djch vy mdi lien quan den xd hdi ban ca. Djnh kien va su phan khang xa hdi cd the can trd sy phat ttien va lan rdng cua xa hdi thdng minh 5.0. Vi vgy can thiet phai cd sy ddng thugn xa hpi va sy hpp tac gitla cac cdng ddng qudc te trong viec thuc day, tin tadng su dyng tti tue nhan tao.
Mac du cdn nhieu thach thuc nhung cd the ndi Nhgt Ban cung cd nhieu thugn lgi tten con dudng hien thyc hda xa hdi 5.0. Sy quyet tam cua chinh phu, sy ung hp manh me cua cac lien doan doanh nghiep, dac biet
la cua Keidanren, teong viec xay dyng md hinh xa hdi 5.0 la tiiugn lpi co ban dl Nhgt Ban da\' nhanh qua teinh hipn tiiyc hda xii hdi mdi, Ben cgnh dd, ngudn tai nguyen dtt lieu khdng Id cd tiie su dyng teong nin kinh te thj ttirdng, teong cac nganh cdng nghipp hien nay da tich luy dugc, cac cdng nghp tien tien san ed va nhiiu nam nghien ciru ca ban giup cho viec tgo ra cae san phim su dung cdng nghe thdng tin nhu big data, tti tae nhan tgo irng dung vao xd hpi... la nhtmg dieu kien thugn lpi, cin tiiilt dl hinh thanh nen xa bpi sieu thdng minh, xa hpi 5.0.
Bang each tan dyng cae yeu td dpc dao ndy, Nhgt Ban se vugt qua cac thach thdc xa hpi nhu giam dan sd trong dp tadi san xuit, gia hda epng ddng dja phuang va cac vin dl nang luong va mdi tradng trade eac qudc gia khac.
3. Tri^n vpng
Xa hdi Nhat Ban 5.0 dupc hinh thanh trong tuong lai se lam thay ddi cdn ban mpi mat ddi sdng xa hpi. Tuy ch^ng dudng dl di tdi xa hpi mdi cdn khd khan, thach thuc, nhimg cd mdt sy that khdng thi phd nhgn la, mdt hinh mau ve mdt xa hpi tdt dep hcm dang dan dupc djnh hinh trong ddi sdng xa hdi Nhgt Ban.
Sy xuat hien cua robot va tri tue nhan tao da mang lgi nhieu ung dyng mdi cho xa hpi.
Su phat trien cua cdng nghe bay khdng ngudi lai va tau ty hanh trong xa hdi 5.0 sd giup Nhgt Ban ddi mdi nganh cdng nghipp hgu can, van tai va giai quyet van de thieu hyt lao dpng hien nay va tuong lai. Trong tucmg lai, sy xuat hien cua cac nha may ty ddng hoan toan trong san xuat, cac xe van tai khdng ngudi lai, benh vien hoat dpng bing
NGHIEN CdlU OdNG BflC fl, Sd 5(231) 5-2020
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nhung robot bac si... dugc ket ndi va diiu hanh thdng qua tei tae nhan tgo, se ngay cang ttd nen phd bien. Nhd cdng nghe tri tap nhan tao, robot vd he thdng may tinh thdng minh se thay the con ngudi ttong nhiiu nganh, nhieu ITnh vuc va giup Iam ra nhiiu cda cai vat chat hon. Vdi phien ban "xa hdi 5.0", chi can mdt chiec may tuih dupc kit ndi intemet va dieu khiin thdng qua mdt "tri tue nhan tgo", ngudi lao dpng, dgc bidt la nhflng ngudi lao ddng cd ttinh dp cao tten toan cau se cd nhieu ea hdi tim kiem viec Iam tdt hon, phu hgp vdi kha ndng, nguyen vgng cua minh.
Trong xa hdi 5.0 con ngudi va robot hay tti tad nhan tgo se cung tdn tgi va lam viec de cai thien chat lugng cupc sdng bang each ctmg cap cac djch vu hd ttg cac hogt ddng cua con ngudi, dap ung nhu cau da dgng cua ngudi su dyng, ddng thdi cung cap ca cac djch vu rieng phu hpp vtii dge thu tung vimg mien, tadi tac, gidi tinh, ngdn ngir... va cho phep bit cu ai ciing la nha cung cap djch vy.
Nhu vgy, mpi san pham hogc djch •vu sd dugc phan phdi tdi uu cho mpi ngudi dan va phu hgp vdi nhu ciu cda hg. Nhimg thach thuc xa hpi nhu dan sd gid, phan cue xa hdi, suy thoai va nhttng han che lien quan den nang lupng va mdi tradng se duac giai quyet nhd sy phat trien eua cac cdng nghe tien tien.
Cu thi ban, dudi tac ddng cua each mgng cdng nghiep 4.0, phien ban "xa hpi 5.0" se thay ddi hoan toan phuang thuc sdng, giao tiep cua con ngudi hien nay. May mdc, robot,... se thay thi con ngudi nhieu hcm.
Nhiing cdng viec vdn rat quen thugc vdi con ngudi tiitdc day nhu nau an, phuc vy, Iai xe
taxi, ban hang,... se dupc robot thay the. Cac phuang tipn ty ddng va may bay khdng ngudi lai se mang den hang hda va djch vy cho ngudi dan d nhdng khu -vyc hoang ving.
Khach hang se cd thi lua chpn san phim tieu ddng cd kieh ea, kieu each, chat lieu... tryc tayin tu nha san xuit ttirdc khi dugc giao bang may bay khdng ngudi lai. Mpt bac si sd cd the ta vin cho benh nhan cda minh mgt each day du tgi nhd rieng cua hp thdng qua mdt may tinh bdng dgc biet. Tai vien dudng lao, robot cd the giup chdm sdc ngudi cao tadi. Trong bep cda nha dudng lao, tu lanh se theo doi thyc ttgng thyc phdm du trtr dl cd thi ddm bao vp sinh an toan thue phim, khdng bj Idng phi. Dd thj se dupc cung cip nang lugng mgt each linh hoat va phi tap trang dl dap img nhu cau cu thi cua ngudi dan. 6 vung ngoai d, may keo ty hanh sg hogt dOng tten cac canh dong. Trong khi, tt^mg tam thanh phd, eac hp thong vat Iy khdng gian mgng tien tiin sd duy tri co sd ha tang quan tepng va sin sang thay thi cac ky tiiugt vien va tiig Uiu cdng da nghi huu, niu khdng cd du ngudi tee de thay thi.
Dong thdi, "trong tuong lai, vdi sy tiin bd ttong nhimg nd Iyc hudng tdi xa hpi sieu tiidng minh, con nguoi khdng chi dy doan dugc su tich hap cua mgt so he thdng, nhu nang lugng, van tai, san xuit va dich vu, ma cdn tieh hgp cac chde nang quan ly td chuc nhu nhan sy, kl toan, phap lugt, cung nhu gia trj cdng viec do con ngudi thuc hien nhu nhan luc va sang tao y tadng, diiu nay se dan tdi viec tgo ra gia tri tiep theo"'
' NASATI, "Hi?n thirc hOa "xa hoi sieu thOng minh" hi diu thi gioi (Xa hgi 5.0)", Tdi lifu da ddn. ^
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NGHltN Cdu OdNG B«ic fl. S d 5 ( 2 3 1 ) T ^ ^Nghien ciru khoa hpc
Nhu vgy "Xa hpi Nhat Ban 5.0" se cd nhiiu tac ddng tich cyc tdi mpi ITnh vyc ddi sdng xa hgi, tir ca nhan tdi nha nude va ddi sdng quan he qudc te, giai quyet dupc cac van de kinh te, xa hdi mdt each co ban va ben vung, lam eho cudc sdng cua ngudi dan s5 tdt dep hon. Nhtrng tac ddng tich cue thi hien rd nhat teong mdt sd ITnh vyc tieu bieu nhu eham sdc y te, giao thdng van tai, ky thugt hg tang va tai chinh.
Trong ITnh vuc chdm sdc y li, tinh tegng gia tang chi phi y te, an sinh xa hdi va nhu cau chdm sdc ngudi cao tadi do xa hdi bj lao hda nhanh chdng se dupc khdc phyc ttong xa hdi 5.0. Cham sdc y te tu xa giup ngudi benh khdng cdn phdi den berth vien thudng xuyen, bac sT ed the dieu trj cho ngudi benh mdt cdch hieu qua qua man hinh may tinh til nha, dya tten dti lieu y te dupc ket ndi va chia se tu nhiiu benh vien khac nhau. Benh nhan duge phat thudc den tan nha bang cac phuong tien bay, hoac dugc eham sdc y te bing cac robot. Ddng thdi, ai cung cd the do ludng va quan ly do lieu sue khde cua minh khi d nha dl cd till biit each phdng chdng benh tdt ban, keo dai giai dogn sdng khde manh. Hien tai, Nhgt Ban da did nghiem robot cdng nghiep ttong linh vuc chdm sdc sue khde dl phyc vy ngudi cao tudi. Cac nha nghien cuu cflng dang tap trang nghien cuu viec su dung robot va cam bien ttong eham sdc diiu dudng dl giam ganh nang cua ngudi Cham sdc cung nhu giam chi phi dieu tej va eham sdc y tl. Nhin chung, xa hdi 5.0 se mang lgi mdt he tiidng y tl mdi bao gdin ca eham sdc y tl va eham sdc diiu duong tdt hon cho ngudi dan, dac biet la cho ngudi cao tadi.
Trong ITnh vuc giao thdng vgn tdi, sy suy giam dan sd lam cho mat dp dan sd cdc vung ndng thdn cang ttd nen thua thdt, ngudi ddn khd tiep can dugc hp thdng giao thdng cdng cdng va tdc dp phat ttiln thuong mgi dipn tu nhanh tgo ra tinh tegng thieu tai xe phyc vy giao hang. Viec su dung cac xe ty hanh, ke ca taxi va xe buyt ttong xa hdi thdng minh se giup ngudi tham gia giao thdng thu gian va an toan, lam cho giao thdng ndng thdn ttd nen thugn tien hcm. Viec giao nhgn hang bing may bay khdng ngudi lai cflng sd giup giam thieu lupng ngudi va xe luu thdng tten dudng, ttanh dupc tinh trgng dch tic va tai ngn giao thdng. Hien nay Chinh phu Nhgt Ban dang teien khai ke hogch ve djch vy giao hang bing thiet bj bay khdng ngudi lai cho cac khu vyc vung ndi, ddng thdi sS tiin tdi viec trien khai giao hang an toan tgi khu vye do thj.
Trong ITnh vuc ky thugt hg tdng, sy xudng cip CO sd hg tang cdng cpng phdt triin ttong thdi ky tang trudng kinh te nhanh da tgo ra sy tiiilu hut lyc lupng lao dpng lanh nghi va tdng ganh nang tai chinh cho viec kiem tra va bao tri. Trong tuang lai, bing each su dung cac cdng nghe mdi bao gdm cdng nghp tiidng tin vd ti^yln thdng, cam bien, tti tap nhan tgo, robot, cho cac he thdng kiem tra va bao tri ciu, dudng, ham, dap... ddi hdi cac ky ndng chuyen mdn, viec phat hien nhiing noi cin sua chfl-a cd the dugc thyc hipn d giai dogn diu. Bang each lam nhu vay, tai nan bit ngd se dupc giam thieu va tiidi gian danh cho cdng viec xay dung sd giam, ddng thdi muc do an toan va nang suat se tang len.
Trong linh vuc tdi chinh ngdn hdng, hipn nay d Nhgt Ban cac giao djch bang tien mat
NGHllN Cdru OdNG B^C fl. sd 5(231) 5-2020 47
chiem ty le cao va cac thu tyc ngan hang cdn cdng kenh, chuyen tien ra nude ngoai phai danh nhieu thdi gian va tra phi ngan hang.
Vipc su dyng cdng nghe thdng tin ttong cac cdng ty edn hgn chl, viec cai dat thanh toan khdng dung tien mat va cac djch vu tai chinh Imh boat cdn eham. Cdc van de nay se din dugc cai thipn cung vdi qua trinh hipn thyc hda xa hpi 5.0. Cdng nghe chudi khdi (block chain) se giam thdi gian va chi phi trong khi van dam bao an toan trong cac giao djch tai chinh va kinh doanh toan cau.
Xa hdi Nhat Ban 5.0 la xa hdi sieu thdng minh lay con ngudi lam tnmg tam, sd hda Id phuang tien. La xa hdi dugc hd trp bdi cac cdng nghe kJ thugt sd nhu phan tich dil lipu khdng Id, tei tue nhan tgo, internet van vat va robot dl can bing gitra phat teiln ve kinh te va gidi quyet cac vin de xa hdi nhu tang nhu cdu nang lugng va thyc phim, bit binh ding ttong xa hpi va xa hgi gia hda bang he thdng tich hgp cao giO'a khdng gian ao va khdng gian thyc. Day la hinh mau cua mpt xa hdi tdi tm hda sy tham gia cua tri tae nhan tao, robot dl giai phdng sue lao dpng cua con ngudi ttong nhieu hogt dpng va giup lam ra nhiiu cda cai vat chdt hon, dem lgi cudc sdng diy du va vien man, phuc vy tdt nhat cho con ngudi.
D I hien thyc hda xa hdi 5.0, ben cgnh nhiing thuan Igi nhu su ddng tam nhit tii cda chinh phu, su ting hp mgnh me cua eac lien doan doanh nghiep ttong viec xay dyng md hinh xa hpi 5.0, ngudn tai nguyen dO lieu khdng Id da tich luy dugc, cac cdng nghe tien tiin sin cd..., Nhgt Ban phai ddi dien vdi vin dl an ninh mang de dam bao sy bao
mat du lieu teong mdi tradng vgn vgt deu duoc ket ndi intemet va phai vugt qua nhiing rao can v l ca che chinh sach gitta cac bp va nganh, he thdng phap ly, cdng nghp, ngudn nhan Iyc va nhan thire xa hgi.
Mac du cdn nhung khd khan, thach thuc nhung hinh miu xa hpi van minh, hipn dgi, xa hdi Nhgt Ban 5.0, da, dang dugc hinh thanh va se duoc hien thyc hda ttong taong lai. Khi dd cdc van de kinh te, xa hgi se dupc giai quyet mdt each co ban va ben vOng, djc biet la trong cac ITnh vyc nhu eham sdc y tl, giao thdng van tai, ky thugt hg tang va tai chinh, lam cho cupc sdng cua ngudi dan s6 ttd nen tdt dpp, vien man ban.
T A I L i p u THAM KHAO 1. Hoa Hudng Ducmg (2018), "Vugt mat Due de xay xa hgi thdng minh 5.0: Ngudi Nhgt dang ca cugc gi vdi thi gidi?", http://soha.vn/
vuot-mat-duc-de-xay-xa-hoi-thong-minh-50- nguoi-nhat-dang-ca-cuoc-gi-.
2. Nguyen Dinh Due (2019), "Society 5.0:
Chinh phu Nhat Ban da va dang xay dyng xa hpi 5.0 ttong kl hogch 2016-2020", https://vmcg.vn/
bai-viet/society-5-O-chinh-phu-nhat-ban-da-va- dang-xay-dung-xa-hoi-5-O-ttong-ke-hoach- 2016-2020/6de8b7ce-d88f-4369-ac76- 37cff5cci2a2.
3. Nguyen Dinh Due (2020), "Nhat Ban bit diu xay dung xa hoi 5.0", https://vnu.edu.
vn/nsk/?C1654/N23823/Nhat-Ban-bat-dau-xay- dimg-Xa-hoi-5.0.htm.
4. Nguyin Long (2019), "Cach mang cdng nghiep 4.0 la tiin dl hlnh thanh xa hgi 5.0", http://enteraews.vn/print/cmcn-4-0-la-tien-de- hinh-tiianh-xa-hoi-5-0-145501.hUnl.
5. SI Luc (2018), "Nhat Ban gidi tiiipu xa hpi 5.0 tgi Vipt Nam", https://www.tienphong.
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NGHIEN CdlU OdNG B^C fl. sd 5(231) 5-2020Nghien ciru khoa hoc
vn/cong-nghe/nhat-ban-gioi-thieu-xa-hoi-50-tai- viet-nam-1237115.tpo.
6. Hoa Ning (2019), "Xa hpi 5.0": Dinh cao mdi cua sy phat trien", https://vietnam hoinhap.vn/article/xa-hoi-50-dinh-cao-moi-cua- su-phat-ttien—n-19348.
7. Phuong Thao (2019), "Nhat Ban cai each
"xa hpi 5.0", dira van minh len tim cao mdi", hnps://kienthuc.net.vn/khoa-hoc-cong-nghe/
nhat-ban-cai-cach-xa-hoi-50-dua-van-minh-len- tam-cao-moi-1290768.html.
8. Vu Khanh Thp (2019), "Nhat Ban bit diu cdi each xa hpi 5.0", https://thegioihoi nhap.vn/cong-nghe/nhat-ban-cai-cach-xa-hoi-5- 0/.
9. Trang Nguyen (2019), "Hudng tdi cdng ngh? xa hpi 5.0", https://thuonghieucongluan.
com.vn/huong-toi-cong-ngheTXa-hoi-5-0- a69985.html.
10. Hai Yen (2019), "Hudng tdi xa hpi 5.0 td each mgng cdng nghipp 4.0", hnps://www.
vnmedia.vn/dan-sinh/201.907/huong-toi-xa-hoi- 50-tu-cach-mang-cong-nghiep-40-637220/.
11. FPT techinsight (2019), "'Xa hpi 5.0' - Tim nliin tdo bao cua ngudi Nhat", https://tech insight.com.vn/xa-hoi-5-O-tam-nhin-tao-bao- cua-nguoi-nhat/.
12. I-Scoop (2018), "From Industry 4.0 to Society 5.0: the big societal transformation plan of Japan", https://www.i-scoop.eu/industry-4- O/society-5-0/.
13. Keidanren (2016), "Toward realization ofthe new economy and society - Reform ofthe economy and society by the deepening of
"Society 5.0"", https://www.keidanren.or.jp/en/
policy/2016/029_outline.pdf
14. Mark Minevich (2019), "Japan's 'Society 5.0' initiative is a road map for today's entrepreneurs", https://techcrunch. com/2019/02/
02/japans-sociel\-5-0-initiative-is-a-roadmap- for-todays-enttepreneurs/.
15. Maurice Lefebvre (2018), "Society 5.0:
Accessibility as the Focus of the Design Industry", https://www.primospopuli.com/en/
society-5-O-accessibility-as-the-focus-of-the- design-industry.
16. The Codian (2013), "Society 5.0:
Reconciling social and business interests", hnp://thecodian.cora/society-5-0-reconciling- social-and-business-interests/.
17. UNESCO (2019), "Japan pushing ahead with Society 5.0 to overcome chronic social challenges", https://en.unesco.org/news/japan- pushing-ahead-society-50-overcome-chronic- social-challenges.
18. Brian Buntz (2020), "In Japan, smart city projects have a social dimension", https://www.iotworldtoday.com/2020/02/26/in- japan-smart-city-projects-have-a-social-
dimension/.
1-9. Daily sabah (2019), "Society 5.0: A 'smart' new phase in human histoty on the horizon", https://www.dailysabah.com/science/
2019/10/28/society-50-a-smart-new-phase-in- human-history-on-the-horizon.
NGHIEN CdlU OdNG B^C fl. sd 5(231) 5-2020
