KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE VA MOI TRUdNG
sAss iiJAT HAI AK i m TAI HAI m m
1- i^NVt
Cham soc rau vu dong tai xa Tai San (TuKy)
Anh: NGUYEN ANH
T
RONG nhung nam qua san xud't ndng nghiep tinh Hal Duong ndi ehung, da dat duge nhdng thanh tgu quan trpng. Tuy nhien, qua trinh phat trien va md rpng san xud't trong ndng nghiep, ndng thdn d Hai Duong da xud't hien va dat ra nhdng van de Idn can phai giai quyet nhu: dam bao ve sinh an toan thge pham, chat lugng ndng san, nha't la rau qua... anh hudng den chat lugng eude sd'ng.Phat then edy rau mau theo hudng san xud't hang hda la mpt trpng nhung the manh eiia ndng nghiep Hai Duong. Nam d vj tri trung tam eae thanh phd Ha Npi - Hai Phdng - Quang Ninh, tinh Hai Duong ed thj trudng tieu thu ndng san Idn vdi yeu eau chat lugng eao. Dd la mdt dpng Ige thiie dd'y san xua't edy rau mau. Hai Dudng cung la ndi ed truyin thdng va
kinh nghiem thdm eanh trong san xud't rau qua thge pha'm, vdi viee hinh thanh nhilu viing san xua't hang hda ehuyen eanh nhu eae vung: vung rau Gia Lpe; hanh tel Kinh Mdn; ca rd't Cd'm Giang; eu ddu Kim Thanh... Tren thge te, vd'n de ve sinh an todn thge pham tai tinh Hai Dudng eung da va dang duge tinh quan tam. Dilu nay duge hien thge hda bdng nhung quy djnh v l san xua't, ehe bien, bao quan va tieu thu ndng san thge phd'm. Cu thi, ngoai quan tdm ehi dao xay dgng eae md hinh san xua't an toan, hieu qua, tinh da tich cue ehi dao hd trg dang ky nhan hieu hang hda eho eae vung rau an toan, gdp phan xiie tien thUdng mai de tieu thu san pham. UBND tinh cung da ed quylt djnh quy djnh danh mue thud'c bao ve thge vat sd dung cho eay rau tren dja ban todn tinh.
ANH NGUYEN Nhilu huyen da tieh egc hd trg ndng dan trong xdy dung ea sd ha tang (huyen Gia Lpe), thiet bj nha ludi (huyen Kinh Mdn )... de xay dgng md hinh vung rau an toan
Md hinh san xud't rau an toan tai Hai Duong dugc bdt dau thue hien td nam 2003, da dem lai nhung kit qua kha quan. Nam 2006-2008, So Ndng nghiep va phat trien ndng thdn (NN&PTNT) Hai Duong xay dung md hinh san xud't rau an toan d xa Pham Kha, huyen Thanh Mien nham hudng dan ky thuat, ehuyen giao khoa hpe eho ba eon ndng dan dp dung vdo trong san xud't gdp phan tang nang sua't, dam bao chd't lugng eay rau mau. Cae loai rau duge trdng phd bien d day gdm cai bdp, ea ehua, eai dua, eae loai rau an la, su hao, siip Id, eae loai rau gia vj... Nam 2007, Cue Sd hdu tri tue da cap ehdng nhdn thuang hieu rau an todn eho san pha'm rau eiia xd. Day Id thuong hieu rau an toan dau tien eho tinh Hal Duong.
De ed duge thUdng hieu dd, ngudi trdng rau d Pham Kha da phai thge hien theo 6 bude quy trinh da de ra, trong dd quan trpng nha't la dung eae ehe pham sinh hpe de thay the viee su dung thude trd sdu, phan hed hpe eho rau, dam bao thdi gian each ly thudc trude khi thu hoaeh 10 ngdy. Nam 2009, Vien Nghien edu rau qua trung Udng eung da cap giay ehung nhdn tieu ehuan an toan thue pham ddi vdi san pham rau eai ngpt tai trang trai ciia anh Pham Van Hat (xa Ngpe Ky, huyen Tu Ky) vdi quy md san xuat
26 > TAP CHl KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE & MOI TRUONG HAI DUONG. So 5 * 10/2011
VA MOI TBUONG
0,5 ha va san lugng dat 7 td'n/ndm. Dd la trang trai dau tien ciia Hal Duong ed san phd'm duge cap gid'y ehung nhdn san xua't rau an todn theo tieu ehua'n VietGAP.
Mae du vdy, van de ehdt lugng an todn ve sinh thge phd'm ddi vdi san pham rau qua eiia Hai Duong van cdn nhieu thach thde can phai giai quyet. Tren thj trudng hien nay chua ed nhieu san pham rau qua cd chat lugng dam bao ve sinh an toan thue pha'm; san luong va gia trj hang hda eiia loai rau qua nay ehiem ty trpng rat thap. Cd nhieu nguyen nhan dan de'n thuc trang tren. San xua't rau an toan tdn kem vd vat va hon nhieu so vdi trdng rau binh thadng. Cae yeu td dd't dai, ngudn nadc tadi, gidng, phdn bdn, thude bao ve thuc vat phai tudn thii theo mpt quy trinh nghiem ngat; ndng dan phai thue can bd ky thudt chuyen nganh giam sat qua trinh san xua't dam bao theo tieu chua'n VietGAP Trong khi dd, gia ban rau san xud't theo tieu ehua'n rau an toan dem ban d ehg eung ehi ngang bang vdi gia ban rau trdng khdng tudn theo tieu ehua'n an toan. Nhu vdy, ndng dan phai dau tu nhieu vdn de dp dung khoa hpe ky thudt vao trdng rau an toan ma khdng thu duge Igi ieh kinh te, thdm ehi edn thua Id da khien ngudi san xua't nan Idng. Md hinh san xua't rau theo VietGAP eiia trang trai anh Pham Van Hat (Ngpe Ky - J(s Ky) la mpt vi du: td khi san xud't den khi ed duge td'm gia'y ehdng nhan san pha'm an toan, anh Hat da Id hang tram trieu ddng do ehi phi san xua't, giam sat va kiem djnh chat lugng.
Cd nghTa la, lgi ieh ma ngudi trdng
rau an toan dugc hudng trong trudng hgp ndy van ehua tuong xdng vdi sg nhiet tinh dp dung tien bp khoa hpe eung nhu vd'n dau tu va cdng sde ma hp bd ra.
Ve phia ngudi tieu diing, khdng it ngudi tieu dung sdn sang mua rau an todn vdi mde gia eao hon gia rau thdng thudng de dam bao sde khoe. Van de ngudi tieu dung ludn quan tdm, rd't can Idi giai dap td ede nha quan ly la: rau nhu the nao Id rau an toan va rau nhu the nao la rau khdng an toan;
mudn mua rau an todn thi mua d ddu? eo quan nao ehdng nhan loai rau qua nay dam bao an toan thue phd'm?
Hien tai, d Hal Duong ehua ed CO quan nao thge hien nhiem vu quan ly va kiem soat qua trinh san xud't ddi vdi chat lugng san pham an toan; ehua ed eua hang nao de gidi thieu va ban san pha'm dat tieu ehuan ve sinh an toan thge pham. The nen, ngudi ndng dan trdng dugc rau an toan, ngudi tieu dung eung ed nhu eau mua, nhung khdng ed khau trung gian de ket ndi hp vdi nhau. Dd la van de eua xiie tien thuang mai ndng san. Cung tai xa Pham Kha, td khi md hinh san xua't rau an toan dugc phd bien dp dung, den nay ngudi trdng rau tai dia phuong vdn quen vdi ldi tg san tg tieu. Rau an toan dugc mang tdi eae ehg ban le, hoae do tu thuang eae noi nhu Quang Ninh, Ha Ndi, Hai Phdng thu mua nhu hang ehg thdng thudng. Vung trdng rau an toan ehua ed diem tap kit, ehua cd eo sd ehe bien tai chd ddi vdi eae vung rau tap trung, lam anh hudng rat Idn den chat lugng va gia tri san xua't eiia
ngudi trdng rau.
Trong xu hudng thj trudng hien nay, san xua't rau qua dam bao chat lugng ve sinh an toan thue pham la mpt trong nhdng yeu td then chdt eiia loai hang hda ndng san. San xua't rau qua theo hudng an toan eung la mpt van de ldn dang nhan dugc su quan tam cua eae cap, eae nganh eua tinh Hal Duong.
TS.Le Dinh Son, Sd Ndng nghiep PTNT eho biet: trong nhdng nam tdi, tinh se then khai Dg an san xud't rau an toan do Bd Ndng nghiep vd PTNT dau tu, su dung ngudn vdn vay eua Ngdn hang Phat then chau A vdi sd vdn 100 ty ddng. Theo dd, Dg an se xdy dung nhdng md hinh san xud't rau an toan ddi vdi edy rau mau va edy vai tai eae huyen ed vung san xud't rau mau va edy vai tap trung. Mue tieu eiia Dg an la tang nang sud't, dien tieh va san lugng rau qua, trong dd ed rau, qua chat lugng an toan len 10.800 tan/nam. Dg an tao ra san pha'm rau, qua ed chat lugng an toan cd gia ban eao hdn so vdi rau qua thdng thudng la 40%. Khdng chi tang thu nhdp cho ngudi trdng, ma edn gia tang thu nhdp eho ngudi che bien va thu mua ndng san an toan. Tren eo sd thge hien Dg an se gdp phan tang them thu nhdp eho lao dpng ndng thdn, giam thieu tae dpng eiia phan bdn hda hpc, thude trd sau vdn dang gay tae ddng xd'u tdi mdi trudng...
Hy vpng rdng, thdng tin tren khdng ehi la tin hieu vui ddi vdi ngudi san xua't, tieu dung rau an toan ma edn thiet thge gdp phan vao phat trien ndng nghiep ben vdng eiia tinhi
TAP CHi KHOA HOC, CONG NGHE & MOI TRUONG HAI DUONG So 5 * 10/2011 (27
