Tgp chi Khoa hpc Tmang Dgi hpc Cin Tha Ph^ C: Khoa hpc Xahoi, Nhan van va Giao ibfc: 34 (2014): I03-II2
Tap chl Khoa hpc Tru'dng Dai hpc Can Thd
website: sj.ctu.edu.vn
1
NI£M TIN O TO CHlfC TAC DONG DEN DONG CO VA KET QUA LAM VIEC CUA NHAN VIEN KHOI VAN PHONG Cf VIET NAM
Nguyin Thi Phuong Dung'
' Khoa Kinh ti & Qudn tri Kinh doanh, Trudng Dgi hgc Cdn Tha
Thong tin chung:
Ngdy nhgn: 02/07/2014 Ngdycf^p nhgn: 31/10/2014 rale:
The impact of perceptions of trust in an organisation on working motivation and outcomes in offices Tit khda:
Dgng ca ldm viec, niem tin d Id chdc
Keywords:
Work motivation and trust in an organisation
A B S T R A C T
77ie research aimed to determine the levels of the impact of perceptions of trust in an organisation on motivational employees and employee outcomes in offices in Vietnam. The research sampling was 485 office stciffs. And this study used analytical methods via factor analysis to test and determine the scale, and Structural Equation Modelling (SEAI) to find the factors affecting the motivating workers. The results showed
that employee outcomes Mere affected by perceptions of trust in an organisation and work motivation. This study also suggested the solutions to build trust in an organisation.
T O M T A T
Muc lieu cua nghien cdu Id xdc dinh mdc do tdc dgng cOa niim tin d to chuc den dgng ca vd kit qud ldm viic cua nhdn viin khdi van phong d Viet Nam. Nghien dm dugc thuc hien vdi tong so quan sdt Id 485 nhdn vien khdi vdn phdng. Nghien cdu da su dung phrang phdp phdn dch thong qua phuang phdp phdn tich nhdn td khdm phd vd md hinh cdu true tuyen dnh (SEM). Kit qud nghiin cdu cho thdy, nhgn thdc cOa nhdn vien vi niem tin a td chdc Id mgt bien cd vai tro rdt ldn ldm tdng kit qud ldm viec cua nhdn vien. vd dgng ca ldm viec. Ddng thdi, nghien cdu con dita ra mgt sd hdm y di xdy dung niem tin d to chdc.
1 D . 4 T V A N D E
Ciing vdi xu h u d n g jdiat triln v l kinfa t l - x a fadi cua tfai gjdi, Viet N a m d a cd m d t s y thay ddi Idn v e nhgn thiic eua ngydi q u i n ly doi vdi i ^ u d i lao ddng ttong doanh n ^ l p . N e u n h u trudc day ngudi lao d p n g d u g c x e m n h u la chl pfai d i u v i o till faien nay ngudi lao ddng d u g c xem nfau tai s i n , ngudn lyc vd ciing quy g i i quyet djnfa s y tfaanfa bai eiia mdt doanh ngWIp (Chu V a n Toan, 2009). C a c n ^ e n cuu trudc d a y cfao tfaiy rang v i n d l v l luong d d n g vai ttd quan trpng ttong cac td chiic (Carolyn Stringer, 2008). Vi till, cac nfaa quan ly xem l u a n g l i mdt ddn b i y t i i chinfa mgnh nhat cd the kich tfaiefa s y faang faai v a nhiet tinh ciia n h i n v i i n . Tuy n h i i n , n g h i i n ciiu gan day cfao tfaiy pfain
tfaudng tai chinh kfadng p h i i la s y kfaicfa Ie tdt nfait d i kicfa tfaiefa n h i n vien ( Y u Zfaou v a ctv, 2011). D i kich thi'ch nfaan v i l o ngoai p h a n t h u d n g v a t c h i t , con cd y i u th tinh tiiin (Kelley, 2006). Vi tfai, v i n d i tao d d n g c a lira viec c h o nhan v i i n c i n p h i i xem xet mdt each c i n t h i n .
Y l u ^ tinh tiiln nay p h y thugc v a o v i n h d a ciia timg qudc gia. Y e u td tinfa tfain d u g c n h i c d i n trong n ^ e n ciiu nay la nfaan tfaiic c u a nfaan vien v i n i l m tin d td chiic. B d i n i l m tin (faay long tin) se giiip cac nfaa quan ly till k i l m efai phi v i tiidi gian rat nhieu ttong viec d i l u hanh cdng viec (Sreih, 2012). V i n d l chinh la k i t q u a ciia n i i m ' t i n t a o r a thai dp tt'ch c y c ttong h g p t i c (Mayer vd ctv, 1995;
Sreih, 2012). Vi tfii, v i l e xac dinh miic d g t i c d d n g
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi tige Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hoc Xa hgi. Nhdn van vd Gido ditc: 34 (2014): 103-112 cua niim tin d t i chiic din dgng ca va kit qui lim
vile can pfaii tfayc hiln ttong nghiin ciiu niy.
2 PHU'CfNG PHAP NGHIEN c u t ; 2.1 Doi tirgng vi pham vi nghiin ciru
Nghien ciiu dugc tien hanfa nam 2014, ddi tugng kfaao sat la nfain vlln lira vile gid fainh chinh ttong doanh nghiep, cdng ty hoac td chiic, kfadng bao gdm quin 1^ va cfaii doanfa ngfailp dugc ggi li nhan vien khii van phdng (Oxford Advance Learner's Dictionary, 2000). Dia ban i^hien ciiu dugc thye hien d tfainfa pfao Cin Tha va thinh pfad H i Chi Minh.
2.2 Muc tieu nghien ciiu
BI hoan tfaanfa ngfailn cuu xay dung tfaang do d^ng vien nhin viin khdi van phdng thinh phi Cin Tha, nghiin ciiu lam rd cac myc tiiu cu thi sau:
(1) Xay dyng v i kilm dinh thang do dgng ca lam vile, niim tin d td chiic, kit qui cua nhan vien.
(2) Xac dinh miic dd tac ddng ciia nilm tin d td chiic din ddng ca va kit qui nliin viin.
2.3 Phirong phap nghiin cmi 2.3.1 Phuang phdp thu thgp so lieu s i li^u thiir cip: Nghiin ciiu dugc xiy dyng ttin eo so cic r ^ i l n cuu ve con ngudi nhu ly ttiuyit ty xac d\ah ((Self-Determination Theory) dupe hoan thi$n bdi Blais va ctv (1993), va ly thuyit niim tin duge xay dyng bdi Mayer vd ctv (1995), vi kit qui lim vile cua Babin va Boles (1998). Tit ca eac ly thuyit tren dugc thu thap tir tgp chi Intemational Joumal of Management, Marketing Intelligence and Planning.
s i li|u sof cip: Nghiin ciiu tien hanh phdng vin tryc tiip nfain viin vdi tong so miu la 485.
Phuang phap liy ralu ngiu rtiiien phin ting theo doi tugng nhan viin lam vile ttong van phdng d doanh nghiip nlii nude, doanh nghiip tu nhan, c6ng ty TNHH va khu vyc nghien ciiu dugc chia tiieo 2 tfainfa pfai li Hd Cfai Minh va Cin Tha.
2.3.2 Phuang phdp phdn tich
Nghien ciiu di sii dung phuang phap dinh tinh di nghiin ciiu so bO nhiing yiu td ddng viin tir cac nhin vien dang lim vile. Nghiin eiiu da sii dung pfauong p h ^ phin tich djnh lugng thdng qua phan tich Cronbaeh's alpha di kiim dinh thang do, phin tich nhin to di gom nh6m va logi biin. V i cudi cung sir dung phin tich md hinh ciu ttuc tuyin tinh
SEM dl xem xet miic do tie ddng ciia cac mdi quan hi quen biet den ddng ca lim vile.
3 XAY DV>iG MO HINH LY THUVET 3.1 Tdng kit 1;^ thuyit
L^ thuyit vi dong co*
Phan CO sd ly thuyet ve ddng ca lim vile di dugc ttmh biy ttong ngfaien ciiu "Cac mdi quan hi cd anh hudng din ddng ca lam vile klidng?" eua Nguyin Thi Pfauong Dung (2014). Ddng co lira viec dugc stt dung ttong ngfailn cihi nay gdm 6 tfaang do tfaanfa pfain: D^ng ca bin ttong (Inttinsic Motivation - IM), nam nhdm ddng ea ben ngoii dupe ttinh biy d tren hinh thanli nen m^t chudi 6 nhdm. Nam nhdra dpng ca bin ngoii gdm: sy thu dpng (Amotivation - AMO), sy dilu cfainfa tii ben ngoai (External Regulation: ER), sy diiu cfainh do
^ thiic (Inttojected Regulation - INTRO), sy dieu chinfa tfaeo muc tiiu (Identified Regulation - IDEN), va sy diiu cfainfa de hoa nhgp (Intergrated Regulation - INTEG). Trong do 3 nhdm IM, INTEG vi IDEN cd din din nhihig kit qua tich cyc; 3 nh6m INTRO, ER va AMO dan din nfaihig kit qua tieu cyc (Sip xIp tii ticfa cyc nhit den tiiu cyc nhit tiiir ty se la IM, INTEG, IDEN;
INTRO, ER va AMO). Nhiing kit qui tiiu cyc cd tiie cd la giim nang suit va thgm chi li nhan vien thdi viec. Nhthig kit qui tich cyc bao gora hieu qui cdng vile tdt, sy thara gia va su gin kit ciia ngudi lao ddng.
Ly thuyit ve niem tin d to chirc
Khii rulm vi Long tin (trust) dugc dinh nghTa theo nhiiu each khac nhau (Burke vd cty, 2007), djnfa nghTa dugc chap nhan phd bien nhat la dinh nghTa dugc xay "dJmg^&djTRous^eaiiiy^ ctv (1998).
Trong khi dd, dinh nghTa dugc xay dyng bdi Mayer vd c/v (1995) thi it dupe sir dyng bdi dng xem long tin la sy chip nhin y dinh hoic hanfa vi ticfa cyc ciia ai do (Sreih, 2012). Cic nghien ciiu cd kfauynh hudng xem nhe biin dugc nghiin cihi han ttong dinh nghTa nay vi long tin tiieo nghTa rgng la k>' vgng hay tin tudng ring mOt ngudi cd thi dya vio hanfa ddng va Idi ndi ciia ngudi khic hoic ^ dinh tit ddi vdi minfa (Dirks va Ferrm, 2001). Trong nghiin ciiu nay tac gia sir dyng khai ni?m Idng tin
"Id su chdp nhgn y dinh tdt cua mgt ngudi de co niim tin vdo ldi ndi vd hdnh dgng cua hg" (Cook va Wall, 1980; ttich Sreih, 2012, ttang 2). Dilu nay dugc hiiu li long tin nhu li sy nhgn djnh (dinh gia) cua minh vi each img xir dung dan eua mdt ai dd. Day la mpt trgng tiiai tam Iy vi sy efaip nfaan mpt cicfa tich eye y djnfa faoic fainh vi ciia ai dd.
Tgp chi Khoa tigc Truong Dgi hge Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hgc Xahgi. Nhan vdn vd Gido difc: 34 (2014): 103-^42 Long tin cd lien quan den nhin thiic cua mdt
ngudi vl mdt sd yeu td. Dgc bilt Ii cich fap dugc ddi xu d td chiic, quin ly vi cic ddng n ^ l p vdi nhau, cho dii hg nhin tfaiic dugc ring li cdi^ bing, giii ldi hiia ddi vdi hg va dip iing nhu cau cua hp, lieu ring cac ddi tirgng dugc tin cay se tfayc hien Idi hiia v i ngfaTa vu cua fag ttong thdi gian tdi (Guest va Conway, 2001; Fucfas, 2003; Iris v i Rob, 2010). Nlu nhan tfairc cua nfaan vien vl Idng tin la tdt, tfai fag se fagc hdi v i chia se nhiing ky nang cd Igi nhim cai tien td diiic (Iris v i Rob, 2010).
Nghiin ciiu niy d& n ^ bdn ylu td quan trgng cua nhin tinic Idng tin d td cfaiic: ky vgng ve phin thudng (reward expectations) (Rfaoades vd ctv, 2001; Husted va MichaUova, 2002), uu ^ i m cua quan ly (management values) (Gillespie va Mann, 2004; Lewicki vd ctv., 1998), ung hg vl mat tam ly (psychological siqiport) (Ditks va Ferrin, 2002;
Rhoades vi Eisenberger, 2002) va long tin d lanfa dgo (trust in management) (Kerkhof vd ctv., 2003;
Amabile, 2005).
Ly thuyet ve ket qua lam viec
Kit qud nhm vien (employee outcome): Kit qua nhan vien dugc djnfa nglua la fainfa vi dudi sy kilm soat ci nhan, dugc thiic diy bdi cac muc tiiu cua t& cfaiic (Larry va Stepfaen, 2013). Mdt dinfa nghta khac vl ket qud ldm viec ctia nhdn vien Id muc dg vi ndng sudt ldm viec cOa mdt cd nhdn, co lien quan den ddng nghiep cua anh dy (hogc cd dy), dtra tren hdnh vi vd kit qud cd lien quan din cong viec (Babin va Boles, 1998; trich Karatepe va Kilic, 2007, trang 3). Hai kfaii niem tten diu nhic din hinh vi ciia nfaan viin nfau li kit qua cdng viec, tuy nfailn kfaii niem cua Boles va Jolinson (2007) lai djjih ngtua ro bon bdi kit qua dugc do ludi^ qua ning suat lantlvilc'va hiiih vi lam viec.
Troi^ nghiin ciiu nay, tic gia xem xet kit qui nhin vien nfau li kit qua fainfa vi kilm soat eua nfaan viin dudi tac ddi^ ciia cac mdi quan til quen biet ncri lam vi|c va Idng tin d td cfauc vi muc do hoan thinfa cdng viec cua nhin viin khdi van pfadng la khdng ^dng nfaau. Ngfaien ciiu su dung kit qua ciia nfain viin dugc xiy dung bdi Tepci (2001), ttong nghiin ciiu cua d i ^ dng da sii dung 3 ylu td dl do ludng kit qak ciia nfaan vien la: sy fail Idng cdng vile (job satisfaction), y dinfa tir bd cdng v i ^ (intent to quit) va sin sing gidi tfaieu nfain viin vdi td cbiic nhu la mdt ncri tdt dl lam viec (willingness to rwximmend the organization).
3.2 Xay dyng md binh nghien cuu Ldng tin a lanfa dao dugc xem nhu la Idi^ tin a td chiic bdi hiu nfau mgi faoat dpng diu chiu su chi
pfaii bdi lanh dao, nhan vien danh gia lieu rang linh dgo ciia bp cd tfayc sy cd nang lyc, d i i ^ tin cay va cfamh true dk fag tfaeo dudi va cam ket lau dii vdi td cfaiic (Ng v i Chua, 2006). Bing cfaung cfao tfaiy sy fay vpng ciia nfaan vien dugc dip lai bdi lanh dgo la Idng tin (McAlHster, 1995; Weichun vd ctv., 2013). E)6 la kit qua tu viec tfayc faien long tui vl mat tinfa cam cua lanh dao, ma nhin vien tfayc sy quan tam din linh dao va nfaung iQri ich ddi vdi fag vi mat tinh tfiin (Colquftt vd ctv, 2007). Vi tiie, lanfa dgo pfaii lam ^long v i san sang dua muc tieu ctia td chiic dat trin Igi icfa ca nhin, ket qua la Idng tin vl mat tiitii cam si dugc tang lln (Weichun vd ctv., 2013). Ngoii ra, lanh dao ffal faien sy sin sang fay sinh Igi ich ca nfain vi muc tieu cfaung va dii^ tri tinfa nfait quan giiia Idi ndi vi Iianfa ddr^ (Weicfaun vd ctv., 2013). Lanfa dao la phai kich ifai'eh va tgo ra Idng tin d nfaan vien, lanh dao phai trao quyln cbo nhin vlln ciia fag ttong viec tfaam gia vao qua trinh ra quylt dinfa, cho phep fag pbit bilu y kiln ve nfaimg quyet dinh cd anh hudng din bg (Weichun vd ctv, 2013). Dilu nay tao ra tin hieu ddi vdi nhin viin rang lanh dgo ton ttgng fag, va din din miic do tin tudng cao hon.
Ldng tin d td chuc da dugc cfaung minfa la ylu td dy bio quan ttgng cua kit qua va hanfa vi nfaan viin nhu y djnfa rdi kfadi td cfauc (Costigan vd ctv., 1998), sy tfada min cdng vile (Hon va Lu, 2010) va cam kit td cfaiic (Cook va Wall, 1980). Ldng tin cua nfaan vien la mgt khii nilm da budng gdm cac yeu td cfaieu dgc va chilu ngang (Wong vd ctv, 2003). Ldng tin tiieo chilu dgc HIn quan den Idng tin cua nfain viin ve lanh dgo, va ldng tin d td chiic, Idng tin d td cfauc l i nhan tfauc ciia nfaan vien vi sy tin tudng d quan ly va td cfaiic ciia fag (Fox, 1974). Theo Costigan vd cty. (1998) cho ring nhan vien cd miic do long tin d td diuc cao thi y dinh rcri khdi cdng vile t h ^ muc do tfada man cdng viec va sin sing voi td cfaiic cao (Tepeci, 2001). Ldng tin d td chiic dl cap din ky vgng tt'cfa cyc eiia nfaan vien Hen quan din hanh vi va y dinh ciia hg (Wong vd cty., 2003). Dilu niy dan din fainh tiianfa ^ i tfauyet sau:
G77; Co moi quan he duang giita long tin d td chuc vd ket qud ldm viic
^ Theo ly tiiuyit hy vgng cho ring nhan vien cd tfal cd dugc dgng co tiiik diy neu hg nhan diiy ring nilm tin ciia fag dugc dat diing chd (Deci, 1972; KeUey, 2006). Tnroc hit, nfaan vlln phai tin ring muc tieu cua ngudi linh dao la ylu ciu cic nhin vien cua bg phai dap iing duac tiianh tich Nlu nfaan viin cfao ring no luc ciia minh se kfadng
Tgp ehi Khoa hgc TruangDgi hgc Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hoc Xahoi, Nhdn van vd Gida due: 34 (2014)-103-112 mang lai ket qua tfai fap si kfadng cd d^ng ca de lim
vile. Nlu nfaan vien tin ring pfain tfaudng cfao vile thyc faien cdng vile dgt dugc ylu ciu, va nfaan thay lanh dao ctia fag la dang tin cay thi Idi hua cho phan tfaudng tfaanfa tich se tao ddng ca dl nfain viin faoan tiianh nhilm vu (Deci, 1972; Kelley, 2006). Theo Iy thuyit hy vgng, nfaan viin khdng cd ldng tin d t i chiic thi hg se khdng cd ddng ca dl lam vile (Deci, 1972; KelJey, 2006). Khi nhan vlln kfadng cfaic chan ring qui trinh dinfa gia dugc thyc hiln tfadng qua cic do ludng ro ring, khich quan thi fap se khdng cd ddng ca de lam vile hudng din muc tiiu ylu ciu. Mi nliiing nhan vlln bj thiic day bdi pfain thudng Ii d^ng ca bin ngoii.
Ngfailn ciiu cua Nam vi Kun (2014) va Cool vi Wall (1980; Weichun vd ctv., 2013) tim tfaiy mdi quan fae giiia long tin 6 td chiic v i ddng ca ben ttoi^. Zeynep vd ctv. (2007) iing hg quan diim niy ki tir khi hg phat hien ra rang niem tin d nfaan viin cao thi kha nang tin tudng vio lanh dgo cua hg la cao bdi nhan viin dugc thiic diy thyc hiln tot cdng vile ciia hg de tgo long tin. Cic ngfailn ciiu trudc day lap l u ^ ring neu nfaan vien cd long tin d td chiic, hg si cim thay an toan va tich cue han ttong cong vile, dan den miic do hai ldng cao (Dirks vi Ferrin, 2001; Mayer vd ctv., 1995; James va Paulo, 2009). Ngugc lgi, nlu cd nghi ngd, nlian viin cd cim gidc lo ling kit qua la miic dp faai long thip vi hg khdng cd dOng ca de lam vi$c (Dirks va Ferrin, 2001; Mayer vd ctv., 1995; Knoll vi GUI, 2010).
Mdi quan he gitra ldng tin d td chiic vi ddng ca ben trong di dugc cic nha nghiin ciiu cfaiing minh (Knoll vi Gill, 2010). Theo sy faieu biet cua tac gii, cic nfai nghiin ciiu van chua kiim tta radi quan hi giiia nhin thiic long tin cua nhin viin vl td chiic va dOng CO lim vile ndi chung vi theo 1^ thuylt hy vgng da dugc Igp luan d ttin thi nfain tinic eua nhin viin ve Idng tin d td cfaiic cd mil quan fae vdi dgng CO bin ngoai. Vi viy, tic gia de xuat gii tfauylt sau:
GT2: Co mdi quan he duang giiia long tin cua nhdn vien d td chuc vd dgng ca ldm viic.
Tfaeo Pmar Gungdr (2011) dpng ca lam viec la rapt yiu td duy tti vi quin ly hinh vi nfaan vlln.
Mpt giai thich ca ban ve dgng ca li khi nang tiiay ddi hinfa vi, d^ng ea la sy cd glng rai m^t ngudi fainh dgng vi hinh vi ciia hg dugc dinh hudng di dat dugc muc tiiu (Pmar Giingdr, 2011). Adam vd ctv. (2011) da xij' dyng nghiin cuu la dgng ea lam viec thiic diy kit qui nhan vien. Cin cii vio Igp luin tten din den kit luin ring ddng ca lim vile tac dgng din kit qua nhan viin.
Kit qua nghiin ciiu ciia Jen (2010) cfao thiy ring khdng thi do ludng kit qua cdng vile cua nhin vien mdt cich tryc tiip, mic dii kit qui cdng vile dugc giam sat cfait che. Tfaeo Jen (2010) ttii kit qua cdng vi|c dugc do ludng bdi kit qua hanfa vi ciia nhan viin. Trong khi dd, kit qui fainh vi Iai bj tic ding bdi ddng ca lam vile ciia nhan vien (Pmar Giingdr, 2011). Theo dinh nghia di trinh biy d ttin, kit qui lim vile li kit qua hinfa vi dudi sy kilm soat cua nhan vien va td chiic. Vi thi ttong n^ien ciiu nay, kit qui lara vile duge do ludng qua ba bien thudc ve lianh vi ciia nfain viin nfau: sy hai long cdng vi?c, y djnh rdi kfadi td ehiic va san sang gidi thilu cho to chiic. Vile lya chgn thang do nay ttong nghien ciiu la vl ddi tugng dugc nghiin ciru l i nhin viin lim vile khoi van phong. Hg la lye lupng lao ddng tti thiic nen rit khd do ludng ket qua cu tfae bdi nhilm vu ciia hp kfadng gidng nfaau. Muc tiiu ciia ngfailn cuu nay vdi fay vgng rang, nhan vien tin vao lanh dao, dong nghiep thi dgng CO cua fap se cao vi dan din miic dO hai Idng cao. Ngugc Igi, hg khong tin vao lanh dao thi hp se chin nan va cd i? djnh rdi khdi to chiic, Tuang ty nfau viy cfao biin quan hi quen biit. Diiu nay din din hinh thanh gii thuyit sau:
GT3: Cd mdi quan he duang giua dgng ca ldm viec vd kit qud ldm viec
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trudng Dgi hge Cdn Tha Phdn C- Khoa hgc Xa hgi. Nhdn vdn vd Gido dgc: 34 (2014): 103-112
4 KET QUA NGHIEN CUtJ 4.1 Kilm dinh va dinh gii dd tin cay cua thang do
Khi thyc hiln phan ticfa nhin td kham phi thi vi?c kiim djnh KMO (Kaiser - Meyer - Olkin measure of sampling adequacy) la rat can thiet ttong EFA. Kit qua phan tich EFA thang do dOng ca lam viec dugc ttinh biy d Bing 1, kit qua cho tiily KMO = 0,810 > 0,50 vi sig. < 0,01 thang do dat dugc gia ttj thing kl. Bing 1 cho thiy, cd ba nhin td dugc ttich vdi tdng phucmg sai trich la 66,15% > 60%. Dilu niy cd nghTa li, phin cfaung eua cac tfaang do ddng gdp vao kfaii niem ddng ca lam viec ldn han phin riing vi sai so. Vi vay, cd tfai kit luin thang do nay giai thich tdt khai niem dpng ca lam vi?c, cic biin ttong thang do cd ttong sd bien thiin t^ 0,563 din 0,902, cac ttpng so nhin td deu > 0,5. Vgy gii trj cic thang do nay chap nfaan dugc (kit qua nghiin ciiu ttich tir bai nghiin curu "cic mdi quan hi cd inh hudng den dgng ca lim viec ciia nfain viin kfadng?" ciia Nguyin Tfai Pfauong Dung (2014)). Kit qua cfao tfaay, ttong 6 thang do tfaanfa phin ban diu nghiin ciiu chi trich dugc 4 nhdm nhin td. Trong do, cd mdt nhdm bi
Hmh 1: Mo hinh nghiin cuu
logi do la nhdm "Dong ca dieu cfainfa theo myc tiiu" (IDENl, IDEN2, 1DEN3), mic dCi cic hi si tai nhin td diu > 0.5 nhung nd la bien ric trong cic thang do cdn lai. Sau khi loai biln d^ng co dilu chinh theo mgc tiiu, nghiin ciiu tlln hinh chay EFA lln 2 thi cd hai nfaan td gom lgi thinh mgt do li nhin td ddng ca ben ttong va dgng co dilu chinli de hda nhap.
Ket qui phin tich nhan td EFA d Bing 1 cho tiiiy, KMO = 0,827 > 0,5, sig. < 0,01, tfai hi$n miic }i nghTa cao. Tdng pfauong sai trich bing 72,79% >
60%, diiu nay cg^^[felwgmhrlng-Eli^ chung ciia thang do ddng gdp vio £hii nilm niim tin d t i ehiic cao hon phin rieng va sai sd. Diiu niy chiing td tiiang do nay giii thich tdt khai nilm niem tin d td chiic.
Theo nhu ca sd ly tiiuyit da ttinh bay d phan 3.1 tfai khai nilm kit qua lim vile ciia nhan vlln dugc do ludng qua ba thanh phin: Sy thda man cdng viec, y djnh ngfai vile va sin sang gidi thilu td ehiic. Kit qua pfaan ticfa dugc frinfa bay 6
Tgp chi Khoa hpc Tmcmg Dgi hgc Can Tha Phan C: Khoa hpc Xa hpi. Nhan van va Gido djfc: U (2014): I03-II2 B a n g 1: E F A c h o k h a i niem niem tin &td chijc
M e m tin 6- to chirc: Eigenvalue = 1,63; PhuffR^ sai Inch = 72,79%, KMO = 0,S27, sle. = 0,000
Bien q u a n s i t Ky vong ph^n thif&ng Ung b6 tam ly Ldng tin o-quan 1^ U'u diem cna q u a n liji T r p n g so nb3n to
REl RE2 RE3 RE4
0,883 0,863 0,798 0,765 PYSl
PYS2 PYS4 PYS5 PYS6 PYS7
0,604 0,674 0,627 0,802 0,826 0,510 TRUSTl
TRUSTS TRUST4 -VARl
VAR2 VAR3
0,788 0,857 0,777
0,763 0,833 0,780 Nguon: Ket qua pban lich so lieu, 2014
Chu thich: REl ilen RE4 la bon cdu hoi ve ky vdng phan thudng PSYl 3en PSY7 la bdy cdu hoi vi su Ung ho ldm ly TRUSTl den TRUST4 la bdn cdu hoi ve long lin a qudn ly VARl din VAR3 Id ba cdu hoi ve mi diem ciia qudn ly Ket q u i phdn tich E F A a Bdng 2 cho t h i y , KMO = 0,776 > 0,5, sig. < 0.01, tdng phu-ong sai trfch 59,50% gan bang 6 0 % . Tiic la, phan chung cua thang do dong gop vao khai niem Icet qud lam viec lon hon p h i n rieng va sai so. Dieu nay chiing
t6 rang gia tri ciia thang do giai thich tot khai niem kSt qua lam viec cua nhan vien. Tuy nhien, ket q u i E F A qua 3 l i n chay thi CO 2 bien bi loai thuoc nhom " s u thoa man cong viec" (SAT2, SAT3) vi chung CO trong so n h i n to < 0,5.
Bang 2: K e t q n d phSn tich E F A ciia t h a n g d o k€t q n a l i m viec ciia n h a n vi£n Ket q u i l i m v i | c ciia n h a n vien: Eigenvalue = 1,399; Phutrng sai trich - 59,50%
Bi^n q u a n s i t Thiia man cong viec S i n s i n g gioi thiei
T r o n g so n h i n t6 i S A T l ^
SAT4 SATS SAT6 SAT7
0,597 0,603 0,579 0,534 0,850 QUITl
QUIT2 QUIT3 QUIT4 QUIT5 QUIT6 QUIT7
0,754 0,807 0.827 0,850 0,777 0,844 0,697 WILLI
WILLS
0,779 0,800 Nguon: Kit qua phdn tich sd lieu, 2014
Chi thich: SATl din SAT6 la cdu hoi do ludng su thoa man cong viic QUlTl din QUIT? Id bdy cdu hdi do ludngy dinh bd viec WILLI din WILLI Id ba cdu hdi do ludng sir sdn sdng gidl thiiu nhdn v
108
Tgp ehi Khoa hgc Tmang Dgi hgc Cdn Tho 4.2 Kilm dinh gia thuyit nghiin cihi Ket qui pfain ticfa nfaan td khang dinfa CFA cua 3 kliai nilm ttong md fainh ly tfauyit dugc trinh bay d muc 3.2 la ca sd de nghiin ciiu tiep tuc kilm dinh md hinh ly thuyit va ^ a thuyit cln pfaii tfayc faien ttong ngfaien ciiu- Kit qua md hinfa SEM (Hinh 2) cho thiy md fainfa ly tiiuyit dgt dugc dd tuang thich vdi dii lieu thj trudng thdng qua cac
Phdn C: Khoa hgc Xahgi, Nhdn van vd Gido dvc: 34 (2014): 103-112 chi si: Chi-square = 1129,813 (p = ,000); CMIN/d^
- 1,945, TLI = 0,902, CFI = 0,910 va RMSEA - 0,044.
Kit qui mo fainfa cfao tiiiy, khii niem kit qua lim vile cd tfainfa pfain li y djnfa ngfai vi|c bi logi bd vi chiing kfadng cd ^ ngfaTa tiling kl 5%. Nghiin cim tiin fainfa kiim djnfa gia tti cua cic gii tiiuyet nfau sau:
D o n g CO l a m viec (,20)Ddng
0,45 (GT2)GX %12 (GT3)GT3
Niem tin b td chiic (,00)Niim tin a td
Kit qua l^mvi|c(,92)Kit Chi-square = 1129,813; df = 581, P = ,000
Chi-square/df = 1,945; TU = ,902; CFI = ,910;
RMSEA = ,044
Hinh 2: Kit qua md hinh SEM (chuin hda) Trin ca sd gia thuylt di dugc ttinh bay d phan
trin, nghien ciiu di xiy dyng dugc gia thuyit.
Trong muc nay nghiin cihi tiin hinh kilm djnh cac mil quan h? di dugc thiet lap. Kit qua udc lugng (chuin hda) ciia cac tham sd chmh ttong md hinfa ly thuyit dugc ttinh bay d Bang 3 va kit qua chuan Bang 3: H | so hdi quy cua cac moi quan hi (chuin hda)
hoa dugc the faien d Hinh 2. Kit qui cho thay tat ci cac mil quan he deu cd y nghia thing kl (p =<
0,05), nghia la cac gii GTl, GT2, GT3 vi mil quan he cua cac khai nilm di ra trong md hinh ngfailn ciia diu dugc chip nh|n.
Gii thuyk Tinmg qnan - U'd^c lirgng S.E. C R . P
Md hinh SEM chua co bi^n di^u ti^t GTl
GT2 GTS
Niem tin a to chiic = # K6t qui lim viec 0,839 Niem tin 6 to chiic = # Dgng co lam vice 0,451 Dong CO lim viec = ^ Ket qui lim viec 0,223
0,103 0,064 0,107
S,666 4,869 3,199
***
***
0,001 Nguon: Kit qua phdn tich sd lieu, 2014
Chu thich ***ld mircy nghiap = O.Oi
Kit qui nghiin ciiu dugc trinfa bay d Hinfa 2 cho tfaiy, nfain tfaiic cua nhin viin vl nilm tin d td cfaiic tic dgng mgnh din kit qua lim vile. Dilu nay dugc cfaiing minfa tfadng qua he sd gia tiiuyet GTl (0,84), ngfaia la nfain viin nfain tinic dugc ring kfai hg thyc faien cdng vile dat kit qui tit thi hg se dugc nfaan tfaudng cdng bing va xiing dang.
Gia thuyit GT2 cho tfaiy he sd tac ddng duang giiia niim tin d td efaire v i ddng ca lim vile (0,45), diiu nay dugc giai thiefa li: nhin viin nhan thiic
ring nfaimg ky vgng cua fag cd tiii dat dugc vdi ddng lyc lim vile cao. Va cudi cung, ddng ca lim viec tie ddng tfaugn chiiu din kit qui cong viec dugc trinfa bay d gii tiiuyit GT3 (0,22).
5 KET L U ^ V A HAM y CUA NGHIEN Ctru 5.1 Ket lugn
Kit qua ngfaien cuu di pfaat hiln ra ring, n h ^ tiiiic ciia nfain vien vl niim tin d t i cfaitc cd vai frd rit idn anh faudng din kit qua cdng vi?e. Trong kfai
Tgp chi Khoa hgc Trucmg Dgi hge Cdn Tho Phdn C: Khoa hoe Xd hgi, Nhdn vdn va Gido dvc: 34 (2014): 103-112 do, cac nghiin ciiu trudc diy chi kilm chiing mdi
quan hi ciia nilm tin den hanh vi (Iris va Rob, 2010) va thai do ciia nhin viin (Josiane, 2010).
Tfalm vao dd, rit nfaiiu nhi ngfailn ciiu da thyc hi^n vi efai dl lam sao de tang nang suit, kit qua lam viee vi sy tfada man ciia nhin viin dudi nfaiiu hinh thiic khic nhau (Yu Zhou vd ctv, 2011). Bdi hg cho ring phin thudng tii chinh cd vai tto quyit djnh kit qui Iam vi^c. Phat faien cua ngfaien ciiu niy da chi ra ring kit qua lam viee bj tac dpng rat mgnfa bdi yiu td niem tin d to chiic, ma cic nghiin Ciiu trudc day da khdng xem xet den ylu td tinh tiiln niy. Dilu niy cd n ^ a la, nfain viin tin ring khi fag thyc hiln tit cdng vile thi fag se dugc thudng xiing dang. Diy chi'nh la mdt diem mdi ciia nghiin ciiu nay. Vi thi, cic nha quan ly cin phii quan tim din nhung yiu td xiy dyng niim tm cua nhan viin bdi chinh yiu t i niy khdng chi tac ddng mgnh din kit qua lim vile ma cdn tic ddng lira ting ddng ca lam vi?c ciia nhan vien.
Niim tin d td chiic vira tie ddng tryc tiep vira giin tiip din kit qui lira vile cua nhan viin tfadng qua ddng ca lam vile. Mdi quan fae giiia ldng tin d ti chiic va ddng ca ben ttong di dugc cac nhi nghiin ciiu chiing minh (Mike va Ghada, 2009;
Knoll va Gill, 2010). Theo sy hiiu biit ciia tic gia, cic nha nghiin ciiu vin chua kiim tta mii quan fa?
giita niim tin d ti chiic va dSng ca bin ngoai. Ket qui nghiin ciiu niy da pfaat hiln ra rang niem tin d td chiic khdng cfai tac ddng din ddng co bin ttong ma con tic ddng den dgng co ben ngoai ciia nhan vlln. Diiu nay Iam si tao sy chii y ciia cae nha nghiin ciiu trudc diy vl nilm tin d td chiic. NghTa la, niim tin ciia nhin vien cing cao thi ho si cd dgng ea tit di lam viec. Ddng ca duge nhic din d day bao gdm ca dgng ca bin ttong va dgngrcq bin ngoai.
Tdm lgi, ngjii^n ciiu nay di phit hien hai diim mdi li (I) niim tin lam tang kit qua lam vile ciia nhan viin va (2) niim tin khdng chi tac dgng din dOng CO ben ttong mi cdn bao gdm ddng ca ben ngoai. Ddng tfacri, nghien ciiu cung can luu y rang vi|c xay dyng niem tin cho nhin viin d td chuc la mOt yiu t i tac dgng vi tinh cim ma ehu ylu la thdng qua quin ly: Ldng tin d quin ly, hd ttg ciia quin IJ, danfa gii ciia quin Iy v i ky vgng vao phin thudng.
S.2 Him ;y cua nghien ciru
Ngfailn cihi vi chii di ddng ca lam vile d Viet Nara cho thiy co diem khac bilt vdi cae nghiin cihi trudc day la, niem tin d td chiic la radt yiu td lim tang kit qui lim viec, ciing nhu dgng ca lim
vile ciia nhan viin khdi van phdng. Nghien ciiu niy da ddng gdp vl mat ly thuyit l i nilm tin cd vai ttd quan trgng ttong vile gdp phin lam tang kit qui lira viec; nilm tin tic ddng den ca dgng ca bin trong va ben ngoai. Vi thuc tlln eac nfaa quan \y cQng cin phii cfaii y, ngoii phin thudng vat chat tfai nilm tin d td chiic lai giii vj thi rit quan ttgng ttong vile ning cao kit qua nhan viin. Mi vile xay dyng niim tin d t i cfaiic duge thye faien cfau yiu la do lanh dao, quan ly d td chiic. Diiu nay ham y ring, cac nha quan ly nude ngoai khi lira vile vi dieu hinh doanfa nghiep d Viet Nam phai chii ttgng din ylu td vin hda niy dl cd nhimg chinh sacfa tic ddng lam ting nhan thiic cua nhin viin vl rulm tm d td chiic mgt each tdt nhat.
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