TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G NGHE, Traong Dgi hpc Khoa hoc - DH Hue Tap 8, Set 2 (2017)
SU* CHUYEN NGHIA CUA DQNG TU" TRI GIAC "NGHE"
VAO PHAM VI CUA DONG TU" NHAN THtfC TRONG TIENG VIET
Nguyen Thi Thu Hd Khoa Ngir van, Trudng Dai hpc Khoa hpc - Dgi hpc Hu^
Email: [email protected] T6M TAT
Trong ti&ig Vift, d^ng tir nghe khong chi gpi ten nhiing hoat dpng lien quan den thinh gidc, ma eon chuyen nghia vao linh vue nhgn thiie. Bdi viet nay se chi ra sy chuyen nghia eiia dpng tir nghe vac tnidng nghia fri tuf vd gidi thich bang each ndo ma hai linh vuc von khdc nhau - thinh gidc vd nhgn thiic Igi dupe ket n ^ thong qua su chuyen nghia ciia dpng tiir nghe, tgi sao ddng tii nay c6 th? chuy&i nghia tir linh vuc tri gidc ed tinh v|t li vao ITnh vyc tinh than - nhan thiic trtru tupng.
Tit khda: chuyg'n nghTa, d$ng tii nghe, d$ng tir fri giac ti&ig Vift, df ng tir nhgn thiie tieng Vift.
1. DAT VAN DE
Tai sao nghe ed the xuat hien frong nhieu kieu ndi ma d dd khdng can sir ed mat eua am thanh hay tieng dgng tae ddng den bO thu cam thinh giac, ehang hgn: Bai bao viet nghe eiing dupe; Tinh hinh nghe cd ve kha quan. Ngir Ufu nay cimg vdi tiiue tien nghien eiiu ngii nghia oia dgng tir tri giac doi vdi nhieu ngdn ngu fren the gidi cua Sweetser (1990) va nhiing kiem nghiem ciia Evans va Wilkins (2000) da gpi md eho chiing tdi each tiep can dpng tir nghe d kha nang chuyai nghia vao Khh vue nhgn thiic.
Sweetser (1990) da dua ra mpt nhgn dinh het siic quan frgng, do la: Nhdm dgng tir tri giac cd xu hudng chuyen nghia vao hogt ddng nhan thiic, va day la dge diem ngii nghia ed tmh phd quat doi vdi mpi ngdn ngii.
2. N O I DUNG
2.1. KhAi nifm dgng ttr tri giac va dgng ttr nhgn thiie
Dgng tir tinh thin (mental verbs) thudng dugc gidi ngdn ngii hge (nhu Viberg 1980, D'Andrade 1987, Biber 1999) dimg de gpi ten mdt nhdm cac ddng tir bieii thi hogt dgng, qua trinh, frgng thai:
Su chuyen nghia cua dong tit Hi gidc "nghe" vdo phgm vi cua ddng tie nhgn thuc Hong Tiaig Viet - Uen quan den tinh cam: yeu (love), ghet (hate), sg (fear),...;
- Uen quan d a i f chi, udc mudn: mudn (want), can (need), d u dinh (mtend),...;
- Uen quan d a i su danh gid: thich (tike), khdng fliich (disUke),...;
- Uen quan d a i fri giac: nhin (look at), thay (see), nghe (hear)...;
- Uen quan den nhan thiic: biet (know), ngM (think), hieu (understand)...
Trong so nay cd hai tieu nhdm (subclass/subgroup) Uen quan d a i pham vi nghien ciiu cua chiing tdi dd la dpng tir fri giac va ddng tir nhan tiuic.
2.1.1. Dpng tir tri giac (perception verbs)
Tieu nhdm dugc dan nhan dpng tir tii giac bao gom rihung ddng tir ggi ten cac hogt dgng, qua trinh, frang thai thupc ve mdt tiong nam giac quan, bao gom: thj giac, thinh giac, khiiu giac, vi giac, xiic giac hogc thude ve cam giac ndi chung. Cd the ke doi cae dpng tir sau; nhln, thd'y, trdng, nam,... (thi giac); nghe, lang nghe,... (thinh giac); ngU, ddnh hai,... (khiiu giac); n^,...(vi giac); sd, chgm, dung,... (xuc giac); cdm thay, cdm gidc,... (cam giac noi ehung).
2.1.2. DQng tir nhan thiic (cognition verbs)
Dd la nhung dgng tir chi cac hogt d^ng tinh than trim tupng (non-observable mental activitives), eu the hon la hoat dpng tri tue (inteUectual activities) nhu: nghi, dodn,... cac qua tiinh nhan thiic (cognitive processes): nhgn thay, nh$n ra,... hay cac tigng thai fri tuf (inteUectua! states) nhu: biii, hieu, nhd, quen,...
Khi ndi den kha nang ehuyen nghia ciia nghe vao Imh vuc nhan thiic nghia la thira nhan kha nang hogt d^ng eua nghe d tu each ciia mdt dgng tir nhfn thiic hoge It nhieu Uen quan den nhan thiic.
2.2. Su chuyen nghia cua nghe vao lunh vuc nhgn thiic 2.2.1. Giai nghia nghe tiong mpt so tii dien ti&ig Viet
Khao sat viee gidi nghia dgng tir nghe d 5 cuon tir di&i tiaig Viet va mdt cuon tir dien tae pham bao gom:
a. Dgi nam quoe dm ti vi, Huinh Tinh Paulus Cua, 1895;
b. Viet Nam tu di^ ciia Hdi Khai tri tien diic, 1931;
e. Viet Nam tdn tie dien, Thanh Nghi, 1965 (xuat ban lan dau 1952);
d. Ti dien tieng Viet, Van Tan chii bi§n, 1969 (xuat ban Ian dau 1967);
e. Ti dien Truyin Kiiu, Dao Duy Anh, 1989 (xuat ban Ian dau 1974);
f. Tiif dim timg Viet, Hoang Phe chii bien, 2010 (xuat b ^ Ian dau 1988); chiing tdi nhan thay;
TAP CHf KHOA HOCJ/A CONG NGHE/Tniong Dgi hpc Khoa hpc - OH Hug' T$p 8, So 2 (2017) i) Tat ca cac cnion tir dien deu phan anh nghia tri giac cda nghe, do la; nhgn Mil dm thanh bdng tai (vi du: nghe co tieng ddng lg) va su chuyai nghia oia nghe vao vdng ldi, nghe ldi (vi du: nghe ldi cha me). Tuy nhien, nhiing nghia Uen quan den hogt ddng nhan tiuic chua dupe ehii y diing miic, chi cd 3/5 euon (bao gom a+cte) cd giai nghia nghe a phgm vi nghia eua hieii biii (cuon a), ciia biii, hieu (cuon c, vd: Viec ay chua nghe gi cdi), ciia biei (eudn e, vd; nghe tin: biet tin; nghe tieng: biet tieng)
U) Tir dien cua Hoang Phe ehu bien khdng cd nghia cua nghe a dia ban nhan thiie, tuy nhien cd mdt vi du minh hga cho nghia cua nghe a dia ban cam giac ma theo chiing tdi cd tiie xep vao linh vuc nhgn thiic (dii dau vet cua cam tinh van edn it nhieu).
Cu the; nghe 5. co cdm gidc they, vi du: 1) Nghe kho chiu trong ngudi; 2) Tinh hinh nghe co ve khd quan.
d day, mdi xem qua, chiing ta thay hai vi du nay ed eimg md hinh cii phap:
nghe + tinh ttr, tuy nhien tinh tir di kem nghe frong mdi vi du khae nhau ve +/- ham chat: tinh tir lam bd ngii eho nghe d vi du 1 thude ve cam giac ed tinh vat li, sinh hgc (+/- dechiu, +/- n6ng,+/mdt, +/thom, +/- ngon,...) frong khi tinh tir lam bd ngii cho ngftc d vd 2 mang tinh tinh tiian - nhgn tiuic (+/-fchfl ^Mfln,+/-on, +/-hay...). Do do, nen chang cd the tach da nghia cho nghe a vi du 2 thanh mdt nghia rieng biet: ddnh gid/ nhgn dinh dua tren mdt CO sd ndo dd theo cdm nhdn chu quan cua ngudi ndi. Cd the hinh dung nghe vdi nhiing nghia sau:
1. nhan biet am tiianh bdng tai, vi du; nghe tiing tdu chgy 2. ehii y de ed the nghe thay, vi du: nghe bdi gidng 3. cd cam giac, vi du: nghe kho chiu trong ngudi
4. cd the chap nhgn dugc, cd the dong y, vi du; Ndi thtma nghe dugc d?
5. cho la diing va lam theo ldi, vi d\i: nghe ldi cha me
6. nhgn dinh dua tren mdt co sd nao do theo cam nhan chii quan cua ngudi ndi, vi dy; tinh Mnh nghe khd quan; bdi bdo viil nghe dugc.
Khao sat 686 trudng hpp cd chira dpng tir nghe tiong cae tae p h & i van hpe, bao ehi hifn dai, ehiing tdi thay rdng ngii nghia eiia ddng tir nay ed the hoat dpng d pham vi ciia nhgn thiic, tuy chua nhieu nhung cd phan dn dinh, phan anh su thu dung nhiing y nghia it nhieu khdng phai la nhiing each dimg qua nang ve van canh, ma ed su qua dp, ehuyen tiep de dan hinh thanh nhihig nghia ddc lap ma mdt so tir d i a i trude day cd chii y ghi lgi.
2.2.2. Su chuyen nghia eua nghe vao linh vue nhan thiic i) nghe -> biet
Xem xet cac ngii Ufu dudi day:
57
Su chuyin nghia ciia ddng tie tri gidc "nghe" vdo pham vi ciia dgng tie nhgn thiec Hong Tieng Viet 3) Chua nghe/ biet gi ve chuyen dd ea!
4) Ca Mau, tdi da nghe/ biet nhieu huyen tiioai ve manh dat nay.
5) Tdi chua timg nghe/ bi^t den cai ten do.
6) Trude day, ehiing tdi chua timg nghe/ biet d a i AH5N1.
7) Qua choi nghe tieng nang Kieu/Tam long nhi nu eiing xieu anh himg.
8) Nghe danh/ten anh da lau, bay gid mdi dupe gap mat.
Su md rdng nay eiia nghe cd the ndi la da di qua mgt giai doan ti^mg gian, giai dogn ma d do cd su hda frdn giira nhiing dac diem eda mgt ddng t u nhgn tiiiie va mot ddng tir tii giac. Dau vet fri giac bang tai vSn edn nhung "dia gidi" eiia nhgn thiic cung vira chgm tdi bdi chiing ta ed tiie bi^t mpt dieu gi do don gidn ehi tir vifc nghe ngdng. Co the xem xet dieu nay qua khiic gidi sau:
9) Tdi biet Ca Mau vi tdi da nghe ngudi ta ke nhieu huyen thogi ve manh dat nay.
6 day, nghe tuong duong vdi biet nhung la biet - cap dp nhgn biet thuan tiiy tlie ehi dimg Igi cd y nifm ve ngudi, vat, hoac di^u gi dd do da timg nghe, timg thay...
chii khdng tucmg duong vdi biet - cS^p do thyc hanh+ hieu nen ed th^ ndi eau 10 ma khdng mau thuin vdi cau 9:
10) Tdi khdng biet g^ ve Ca Mau mge dii tdi da timg nghe ngudi ta ndi nhieu ve manh dat nay.
Biet tiong vi du 10 khong giong vdi biet d cau 9 vi nd ddi hdi nang luc thuc hanh, su frai nghifm + hieii.
TSn ngii eua nghe bay gid se la danh tir/cum danh tir ehi ra doi tupng, phgm vi ciia frang thai biet (vi du 11) chii khdng phai la doi tupng eua hogt d^ng nghe nhu am thanh, tiaig dpng, ldi ndi... (vi du 12) So sanh:
11) Tdi nghe tiaig anh da lau (= Tdi biet tieng anh da lau.)
12) Tdi nghe tiaig anh tir ngoai cdng (i* Tdi biet tieng anh tir ngoai cdng.) Tan ngii ehi la danh tif/eiim danh tir (vi du 11,12), khdng phdi la mfnh de, neii la menh d^, chi ed the la nghe tri giac (13). So sanh;
13) Tdi nghe ngudi ta k^ nhieu ve chi. (f Tdi biet ngudi ta ke nhieu ve chi.) U) nghe -> hieu
Trong tiaig Viet, nghia cda biet va hieu khdng phai Iiic nao cimg dupe phan bift rd rang. Tuy nhien, biet va hieii ed nhihig tuong dong va di biet het siic thii vj.
Dieu do phan anh s\f phan hda ngii nghia eua chiing tiong tieng Vift. Su phan hda nay cang dupe Cling co neii xem xet ehiing tiong moi quan he dong nghia vdi eac tii khdc
TAP CHI KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G N G H ^ Tnrong Dal hpc Khoa hpc - DH Hue Tap &.S62 (2017) tiong he thdng, Nghe la mdt vi dy. Nghe chuyai nghia vao hieu ed the ehi dan cho ta mdt mdt pham vi ngii nghia ma d dd cap dd hieu hoan toan phan bift vdi cap dd biet.
Bay gid nang l\rc hieu cao hon nang luc biet, chu the khdng dimg lai d biet nhd nghe ma da nhgn thiic duge, dat tdi tiang thai hieu sau khi nghe. Xem xet cac vi du sau:
14) Nghe thimg chuyen, eon mat met mdi ciia Lam sam lai mdt chut roi sau dd dd van len. (Chu Lai)
15) Nhung ndi trude, neii nhat, neu xau, tdi khdng them lay mdt gidng cd khi edn... bat phat tid lai. Nghe ra chiia? (Chu Lai)
16) Nhin bg dang, tao biet ehi ed ehii may mdi ed the theo cai nghifp d u dan nay. Nghe thiing chua? (Chu Lai)
17) Anh da nghe rd het Idi ehi Chau ehua? (Le Lini)
18) Rang hay tiu that la hay/Nghe ra nggm dang nuot cay the nao. (Nguyen Du) 19) Ldi va giai dieu bai ca vd danh ay gian di va huyen bi den ndi mdi ngudi nghe ra mdi khac, song khdng ai la khdng nghe thay. (Bao Ninh)
Diing nhu nhan xet eua Baker (1999), nhung nghia cang it dien hinh cang cd xu hudng gan chat vao ngii eanh, ddi hdi nhihig hirih thiie di kem mdt each nghiem nggt.
Nghe-> hieu thudng xuat hien vdi the nghi vah; nghe chua? nghe ehua... hoge di kem frong cac td hpp: nghe thiing, nghe rd, nghe ra, .. .va khdng cd tan ngu di kem, frong khi nghia co ban, ngjiia goe eua nghe - nhan biet am thanh bang tai - ed the xuat hien d bat ki ngdi nao, the nao, thiic nao, khang dinh hay phu dinh va tan ngii di kem thi vd cimg phong phii.
iii) nghe -^ nhgn dinh
Md hinh cii phap pho b i a i de nghe -^ nhgn dinh thudng la kieu cau khuyet chu ngii, nhung ngudi ndi va ngudi nghe deu ngam hieu dd la nhan dinh ciia chu th^ ndi nang (nhu vi du 20 - 22), hogc ehu ngii la kich thich, la doi tupng ciia nhan dinh (nhu vi du 23- 29);
20) May ngudi Iiic nao ciing mang eai su danh dain ngay xua ra de chay tdi, hii dga, nghe chan tai lam! (Chu Lai)
21) Nghe thi that mi mieu nhung cung dgo diic gia the nao Syl (Tg Duy Anh) 22) Nghe cd ve that frai nguoc. da "tiet kif m" lai cdn "thoai mai" (Dang Tuoi) 23) Bai bao viet nghe duoc.
24) Nhung cdi y nghi nghe kinh khiing do lai chi thoang qua tiong dau nd n h u ket qua cua ecm buc tiie. (Ta Duy Anh)
25) Ong ndi nghe buon cudi! Lam ^ cd cai luat ay! Vd van! (Chu Lai)
Su chuyen nghia dia dgng tie tri gidc "nghe" vdo phgm vi ciia dgng ti nhgn thuc Hong Tieng Viet 26) Nhihig cau doi thoai nghe nhat nheo d a i miic ed "co dam an xdi" d a i dSu eiing khdng the tiep tyc dugc niia. (Le Luu)
27) On^ giao Quy hay uong rupu, rupu vao ldi ra, cd nhieu bai nghe ciing duoc.
(Nguyen Huy Thifp)
28) Dgo nay anh tiiay em ndi nang nghe... khae qua! (Chu Lai) 29) Khau khi cua ehii tdi nghe duoc. (Chu Lai)
Su phan bift giiia nghia tii giac ctia nghe vdi nghia danh gia ed the tim thay 6 bd ngu ciia nghe. Bo ngii cua nghe - danh gia la tinh tir the hifn s u danh gia ve tri tuf nhu: +/- dupe, +/- nhat nheo, +/- vd duyen, +/- buon eudi, tiong khi bd ngii ciia nghe - tri giac bang tai ludn mang eae thudc tinh vat U nhu: to/nhd, dn/im, vang/dpi, manh/yeii,...
Y nghia danh gia cua nhiing eau fren the hien d ddng tir nghe kha ro song tinh chat tnmg gian cua mdt su danh gia U tinh vdi mdt su danh gia cd "hoi hudng" cam giac van edn "phang p h a f . Ro rang chiing ta ed the nghe diSu gi do to hay nhd, Idn hay be bang tai, nhung ciing ed the nghe mdt dieu gi dd va dSng thdi, qua nhdn thirc va bang nhgn thiic, se danh gia nd nhat nheo, vo duyen, hay, dd,... Ngoai ra, ciing c6 the l i h ^ dinh dieu g^ do mpt each "niia cam tinh+ nira U tinh", vol each ndi the hien s\r de dat, liie dd nghe thudng di kem eae yeu to nhu ed ve, the nao ay,... (nhu vi du 21, 22).
2.3. Tai sao nghe eo the chuyen nghia vao Imh vuc nhan thiic
Cd the giai thich thuc te nay bang co sd khoa hpc ve hogt ddng tii giac va nhiing kinh nghifm dan gian cua ngudi Viet ve hogt ddng nay. Nghia la eac giac quan cung cap cho ehiing ta thdng tin ve the gidi ma chiing ta sdng, nhung each xir li nhirng thdng tin nay va each hieu ve chiing khdng gidng nhau.
2.3.1. Ve mat khoa hgc
i) ThuQc tinh [-f danh gia] thudng tiiieh hpp vdi thi gjae va phan nao thinh giac;
ehiing ta thudng ed xu hudng dua ra danh gia doi vdi nhung gi chiing ta thay ciing nhu vdi nhung gi ehiing ta nghe. Dan gian timg ndi: Tai nghe mdt thdy; Chim khdn kiu timg rdnh rang/ Ngudi khdn ndi tieng diu ddng dinghe. Dd ed the la co sd de nghe chuyai nghia vao phgm vi nhgn dinh.
ii) Tinh [+chii y]: Tinh [+chu yl cung la diem u u the ciia thinh giac so vdi cdc giae quan. Mdt ngudi binh thudng, ed the lay tay bit tai, nghe hay khdng nghe cac kich thich mdt each ed y thiie. Trudng hgp nay kha rd tiong eau "Tdi co nghe cd ay ndi nhung khdng chu y ldm nin khdng biii/hieu cd ay ndi gl.", vay nen, neii ta ehu y nghe dieu gi dd thi cd kha nang chiing ta se biet, se hieu dwu dd, vay nen kieii ndi: "Nghe ro chua?"
thudng vdi ham y la "Hieu chua 7"
I ^ . £ ™ . ^ 9 ^ . 5 9 ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^'^11^' Truo"g ^^J*'^ ^ o a hpc - DHHue T | p 8, Scf 2 (2017) Mdt hoat ddng nhan thiic dien hinh thudng la mdt hogt dgng [+chu y], nghe sd hihi thudc tinh nay, do dd chuyai nghia vao Uhh vyc nhan thiie la mdt kha n3ng oia nghe.
iii) Kha nang lap bimg: Theo Sweetser (1990), "kha nang tap tiimg cd the la diem chung oia tiii giac va nhan thiie" (din theo Evan va WUkuis 2000), dd la li do ta cd kieu ndi: "Thay chua?!" (da ndi roi ma khdng nghe) ham y su viee diln ra diing nhu ai dd d u doan hoac nhae nhd; kha nang tap trung ddi hdi mgt n 5 luc rat Idn tii thinh giac de nghe dupe mdt kich thich am thanh tir vd van nhiing kich fliich khac, song khdng cd nghia la nghe "vd can" vdi kha nang nay, vay nen ta cung bat gap kieii ndi:
"Nghe chua?" voi y da tap trung vd Meii nhing dieu tdi via noi chua?
iv) Kha nang dinh vi: Thinh giac cd the giiip chiing ta dinh vi dugc nguon kich thich, hudng ki'eh thich noi am thanh phat ra va tham chi mdt kich thieh cd the khdng fliay vi d xa nhiing v i n ed the nghe thay. Thupe bbh nay ciing vdi [+ehii y] ciia thinh giac ed the la 'bp lgc" giiip eho nghe -^ biit, hieu vi theo logic, chiing ta cd the biet va hieu dieu gi neu ed sy tap trung de ggn Igc vd van thdng tin tir the gidi, tich trii thanh nhiing tiang thai nhgn tiuic - biei, hieu.
2.3.2. Ve mgt van hda
Mdt cgng dong ngudi tiong nhiing dieu kifn dia U, dia hinh, khi hau, van hda, xa hpi nhat dinh, ed the dua nhieu vao mgt hoge mgt so giac quan nao dd hon la vao cac giac quan khac. Chang han, doi vdi ngudi ehau Au, thi giac la gidc quan thue tien nhat. Su u u viet cnia th; giac so vdi bdn giae quan edn lgi bat nguon tir The Enlightenment (Giac ngp), bay gid cac nha tiiet hge nhu Locke, Descartes xem thj giac la giae quan eiia khoa hgc. Tuy nhien, d thdi Id sdm hon tiong Uch sir chau Au, ciing nhu frong mgt so hen van hda duong dgi, nhiing giac quan cdn lai cd the dugc xem la quan frgng tiong vifc nhgn thiic the gidi. Classen (1994) tudng trinh rang: "Ddi song cda ngudi Ongee d dao Andaman (thudc Nam Thai Binh Duong) dugc chi dan bdi khihi giac; tiong khi dd, ngudi TzotzU d Mexico quan nifm siie ndng (thude ve xiie giae) la nhan to eau thanh quyen lue co ban eiia vii tru" (dan theo Iraide 1999). Evan va Winkins (2000) lgi cho thay, vdi da phan vdi thd dan ehau Ue, thinh giae la giae quan ndi frpi hon han nhung giac quan cdn lgi. Ngudi Vift xem thi giac la gjae quan thuc tien nhat; Trdm nghe khdng bang mdt thd'y, song cd liic td ra tnmg dung vdi cau; Tai nghe mat thay.
Hai ch^ dinh da ndi: eo sd sinh hge - vgt li ve giae quan va quan nifm cua chiing ta ve giae quan khdng phai Iiic nao ciing giong nhau. Nhiing gi ma chiing ta nghi ehiing ta biet ve eac giac quan nhieu liie khdng diing nhu each eac qua trinh sinh hpc - vgt U dien ra ma mang ngng yeu to dSn gian. Chang hgn, ngudi Vift xem qua frinh nghe ciia thinh giae dupe hd frp bdi tai, tai khdng chi la co quan dau tien thu nhan kich thich tir the gidi ma dupe quan nifm la loi dan vao tri tue. Su ehuyen nghia eua
Su chuyai nghia cua dgng ti Hi gidc "nghe" vdo pham vi cua dgng tie nhdn thuc Hong Timg Viet nghe -^Meu phan nao dugc hd tig bdi su ed mat cua td chiic kep - tai ndy, tai kia qua ngu ed dinh "Nghe tai ndy lot tai kia" vdi ham y la khong hieu, khdng luu giii. Rieng nghe-^
nhdn dmh tiong tieng Vift eung thudng ed suf tiiam gia oia tai vdi nhihig each noi nhu:
nghe choi tai/thuan tai/xudi tai/lgt tai.
Su md rdng nghia ciia nghe vao Uhh vue tuong tac xa hdi phan anh qua nhihig ket hpp: nghe ldi, nghe dSn, nghe tin, nghe lom/ldm, nghe dau... cd the la U do khiai nghe phat trial nghia vao Uhh vue nhfn thiic, bdi tuong tae xa hpi ciing la la cpi ngudn, la ddng luc ho tip cho nhan fliiic. Ve mat tam li hgc, chiing ta cd the biei, hieu, nhdn dinh tir nhung bang ehiing tii giae kieu tai nghe mdt thay, ngay ca khi tinh chan xac eua nhiing bang chiing nay khdng dupe bao ddm ma chi la tin ddn, la ldi thiin hg khdo nhau... nhung eai le thudng ma ngudi Vift quan tam van la tam dnh hudng cua nghin ndm bia miing hay cdn tro tro, la mang tieng mang tdm, la tai tieng, ma nhihig dieu nay chi cd the deh vdi con ngudi qua bd fliii cam thinh giae.
3. KET LUAN
i) (2 linh vuc nhan tiuic, nghe ed the chuyen nghia vao phgm vi oia biet, hieu va nhdn dinh. Su chuyen nghia nay da cho fliay kha nang ngdn ngii hda boat dpng tii giac ddi vdi hogt ddng nhgn thiie ciia eon ngudi khi ma tam U hge phan bift rat rd hai cap dp nhgn thiie cam tinh - li tinh va giiia chiing ludn cd mdt khoang each kha xa, mgt si^
khac bift ve chat khdng the xda nhda thi bay gid ngdn ngii Igi khdng ed va khdng can d ^ mdt ranh gidi diit khoat nhu the.
u) Su c h u y ^ nghia cua nghe vao linh vyc nhgn tiuic thudc ve xu hudng chuyen nghia tir Uhh vuc eu the den linh vue trihi tupng. Cu the la bdi hogt dpng thinh giac dupe tien hanh nhd vao giac quan cu the, san pham thu dugc la nhimg kich thieh ben ngoai cd tinh vat U (am thanh, tiaig ddng). Trim tugng la bdi nh$n thiic thudc ve th^
gidi tinh than vd hinh, ben frong, nd ton tgi nhung khdng phai dudi dgng cae thupe tinh vgt U ma d cae hinh thiie tinh than nhu: hi^, biii, nhgn djnh.
m) Ludn cd mdt eon dudng ket noi tii giae vdi nhgn fliiic, nghe mdt dieu gi do se giiip ta fci'^t ^^^" dugc dieu gi dd, (?flH/i gifl v§ dieu dd... Dieu nay dugc ngdn ngii hda qua su chuyen nghia oia nghe vao dia ban nhan thiie nhu: biel, nhgn ra, nhgn dinh.
iv) Nhung thugc tinh vat U va sinh hpc nay ciia thinh giae, ciing nhu each ehiing ta nghi ve eac hogt dgng nay, tinh u u vift eua thinh giac so vdi nhiing giae quan cdn lai, khdng phai la cac net nghia hinh thanh nen nghia ciia nghe, nhung ehiing la eo sd de gdp phan giai fliich eho kha nang ehuyen nghia ciia nghe tir mien tri giae ^ mien nhan thiic, bdi each chiing ta frai nghiem, nhan thiie va tuang tac vdi the gidi xung quanh it dupe phan anh tiong von tii vung eua tieng Viet.
TAP CHf KHOA HOC VA C6NG NGHg, Tnrong Dai hpc Khoa hpc^ D^IJ^^ Tgp 8, So 2 (2017) TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1]. Baker CF. (1999). Seeing clearly: Frame Semantic, Psycholinguistie, and Cross-linguistic Appoaehes to the Semantics of the EngUsh Verb See, Ph.D Dissertation, University of Califomia, Berkeley.
[2]. Evan N., Winlkins D. (2000). In the mind's ear: the semantics extension of percepdon verbs in Ausfralian languages. Language, 76, page 546-592.
[3]. tiaide B. (1999). Polysemy and Metaphor in Perception verbs: A cross- linguistics study, PhD Dissertation, University of Edinburgh.
SEMANTIC CHANGE OF THE PERCEPTION VERB 'NGHE' ('TO HEAR') TO THE DOMAIN OF COGNITION VERB IN VIETNAMESE
Nguyen Thi Thu Ha Department of Literature and Linguistics, Hue University College of Sciences Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT
In Vietnamese, the sense verb "nghe" ("to hear") not only refers meanings related to the physical perception of hearing, but also expresses meanings related to conceptual domain. The aim of article is to find out semantic changes of sense verb
"nghe" that are found hi the intellectual field; how two different domains - auditory perception and intellection are cormected through semantic changes of sense verb "nghe"; why this verb is possible to shift its meaning from physically perceptive domain to absfractly mental domain.
Keywords: semantic change, the verb "nghe", Vietnamese cognition verbs, Vietnamse perception verbs.
P P ^
Nguyen Thi Thu Ha sinh ngay 15/11/1982 tgi Thira Thien Hue. Ba tot nghifp Cli nhan nganh Ngii van nam 2004 vd thgc sT chuyen nganh Li lugn Ng6n ngu tgi Trudng Dgi hpe Khoa hpc - Dgi hpc Hue vao nam 2008, Ba da bdo vf lugn an tign si nam 2017 tgi Dgi hpc HuS". Tii nam 2004 den nay, ba la can bp giang dgy tai Khoa Ngii van, Trudng Dgi hpc Khoa hpc - Dgi hpe Hue.
LTnh vyc nghien eiiu: Tir vyng hpe, Ngu nglua hpc, Ngdn ngir hpc so sdnh ddi chieu.
