THIfC TRANG KA HOI HOA TRUNG TAM HOC TAP CONG OONG
TRONG QUA TRINH XA H O I HOA GIAO DUC
ThS. L^ TH! P H U O N G H 6 N G '
T
njng tam hpc tap cpng ddng (TTHTCD) la mdt thietehd'glao due (GD) ngoainha trudng, dupe xaydungtren dja ban xa,phudng,thjtrS'n, nhim dap dng nhu cau hpctap cua dan cu trong cdng dong.TTHTCD thucsyl^mptCff sdGD eua dan.dodan va vi dan, phye vu viec hpc tap sudt ddi eua ngudi dan thdng qua cac ehuong trinh xda mu chd{XMC), tid'p tuc hpc tap sau khi biet ehu, ehUffng trinh giao due thudng xuyen (GDTX) dap dng nhu eau ngudi hpe..., theo phuong cham^"can gi hpe naiy", gdp phan nang cao dan tri, phattrien nhan luc cua dja phuong, dap utig mue tieu xay dung xa hpl hpc tap (XHHT). u nude ta, TTHTCD dang cdn la mdt thiet chemdi nen viec danh gla thuc trang va dua ra bien phap xa hoi hda (XHH) TTHTCD, nang cao hieu qua sugan ket dd la rat can thiet eho su phat trien ben vdng cua TTHTCD.
1. N d i d u n g XHHGD v a x a h d i hoa TTHTCD r;/Vo/rft//jgXWW6aNgay21/8/1997Chinhphu ban hanh Nghi quye't sd90/CP ve "Phuffng hudng chu tn/ffng XHH eae hoat dpng GD, y te, van hoa".
Theo dd, cdthe rut ra npi dung chinh cua XHHGD la:
- Van dpng va td ehde sutham gia rdng rai cua nhan dan vao sy nghiep phat trien GD; - Xay dyng cpng ddng trach nhiem cua eae Jd'ehdc Dang, Nha nude, doan the nhan dan,_ cac to'chdc kinh te, cac doanh nghiep va cua eae tang Idp nhan dan ddi vdi viee tgo ra va phat trien moi trudng kinh te - xa hpi eho cac hoat ddng GD; - Da dgng hda eae hinh thde hogt dpng trong eae linh vuc van hda - xa hpi, md rpng eP hpi cho cac tang Idp nhan dan dUffc tham gla mdt each chu ddng va binh dang vao eae hogt ddng GO;
-Da dang hda cac ngudn dau tu, khai thae cac nguon nhan lue, vat lyc dang tiem an trong xa hpi de phat trien GD.
Theo tac gia Ph^m Tat Dong, XHH la mdt chu truong cd ndidung fat phong phu: dd la qua trinh van dpng quan chung, nang cao tinh tich cye vay thiJc tu giac cua quan ehung.
Trong qua trinh trien khai chu truong XHHGD, nganh G D ddng vai trd ndng cdt trong cudc vgn dpng cac luc lupng tham gia, tnJdc het la mpi ngudi dan, t i ^ dd la tdchuc kinh te-xa hdiva nha hao tSm,tochLfcxa
hpi nhuHpi Khuye'n hpc Vi&t Nam, Hdingudi cao tuoi, v.v..., cac td' ehde chinh trj - xa hdi nhu Doan Thanh niSn, H^i Lien hiep Phu nd Vi|t N a m j d n g LDLfi Viet Nam, COGD Viet Nam, cac doanh nghi§p cung cac to chdc phi chinh phu trong va ngoai nudc nhu UNESCO,UNICEF...
2} V$n dung XHH vao viec phattrien TTHTCB.
Tuy theo ehde nang, nhlem vu va kha nang cua minh, cac luc lupng xa hdi cdthe tham gia hogt ddng GD tgi TTHTCO vdl cae ndi dung, hinh thdc cu the sau:
- Tuyen truyen, van dong mpi ngudi tham gia hpc thudng xuyen, hpe sud't ddi, tgo phong trao hpc tap rpng rai trong cdng dong, tien tdi xay dung "xa ha hpc t^p"ddjaphupng;-0dng gdp nhan luc, vat luc, tai luc, tin lyc cho TTHTCD. Cae luc lupng xa h a can vaco the ddng gdp nhan cdng, cdbao cao vien, ngudiday hoac hudng d i n vien tn/c tie'p tham gia giang day;c6 the hd trp xay dung, cho mupn cff sd v$t chat, ldp/
phdng hpe, trang thiet bj dgy hpc, cung cap tai lieu, saeh vd; - Tryc tiep tham gia quan li TTHTCD ti>viec xay dung ke hoach; giam sat, danh gia de'n viec tim kiem nguon luc; tochde cac mdi lien ket...; -Gdp phan lam da dang hda cac hinh thdc hpc cho nhandSn lao dong. Nhu cau vadieu kien cua ngudi hpcdTTHTCO rat phong phu, can ed nliieu npi dung, hinh thdc hoc de ngudi hpc cdthe lya chpn cho phu h ( ^ vdi nhu cau va dieu kign cua mdi ngudi. Neu khdng cd sy tham |ia cua toan xa hdi, thi mpt minh nganh GD khdng the;^
chdc dUPe nhieu loai hinh hoc tap.
2. Thuc trang XHH hoat dong TTHTCD 1) Cac TTHTCD da phat trien nhanh chong ve quy mo va songualtham gia. T u nam_ 1995, dupc sugiupddcua UNESCO khu vuc chau A-ThaiBinh Duong va Higp hdi CSu Ige b$ UNESCO Nh^t Ban, Bp GD-DT da thi diem md hinh TTHTCD d cac xa, phudng. Sau ttii diem cd ket qua, tiJrdau nam 1999, Bp GD-OT chl dao xay dung va phat trien he thdng TTHTCD tren toan qudc.
Sau 15 nam xay dung va phat t r i ^ , mang ludi TTHTCO da phattrien rpng khIp ca nudc. Hien nay da cd 10.877 TTHTCD (trong tdng sd 11.106 xa phudng.
* Bg Giao dvc vi Dio tao
6 Tqp chi Gido due so 316
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d?Mi Iag7,94% xa phucng, Ihi t i i n oa nirdo); c6 4.615 /10.877 TTHTCS kS hop vdi nha van hoa, thi/ vi§n, buu dien xa. Nhieu dja phuong da trien i<liai thuc hien Thong.tu so 96/2008/rT-BTC ngay 27/10/2008 oua BpTai chinh ve hudng dan viec holro iiinh phi tiJngan saoh nlia nudc oho oac TTHTCB (39/63 tinh/lhanh pho da thuc hi?n). Ben nay, ca nuoc co 29,76% so nHTCBo6ttMSO'riengdehoatdQng;46,5%nHTCB cotusach rieng. Phan ion caoTTHTCB dcac dia phuang t|n dung ccr sdvat chat i<Tthuat va nhung phuong tien san coddja phuong, nhutn,isdU6NBxa, nha van hoa xa, trung tSm thidvc thithao ho|c cao co sdG B i<hac tren dja ban Si hoat dong.
Trong 5 nam qua, ca nudc od 86.705.769 iuat ngudi tham gia cac idp hgc chuyen de c^p nh^t i<ien thiJc, i<I nang, tiep nh^n nhilu cdng ngh$ san xuat nong nghi&p, fim nghiep, ngu nghiep, tieu thu cdng nghiep va cac djch vu i<liac. Thong qua cac idp hgc, ngudi hoc da nang cao s i ; hilu biet, nang cao nang luc, hieu qua jao dong san xuat; so' lupt ngudi hpo da tang them moi nam hang tneu luot ngiidi. Nam 2006, ca nudc co 14.404.234 luot ngudi; nam 2008 cd 17.661.650 iuptngudi,den nam 2010cd19.417.377 iUdt ngudi tham gia hoc tap.
Bp GB-DT da phoi hop vdi cac bo, nganh od lien quan bi§n span dupc tren 100 bp tai lieu dung chung cho oac TTHTCB; cac dja phuong da chu dpng tu bien scan cac tai ii§u rieng cua dja phuong ve chinti trj, phap luat, bao ye moi tn/dng, cham sdc sdc iihde cdng ddng, iihuyen nong, khuyen iam, khuyin ngu...
Clio viec hoc tap tai cac TTHTCB.
Cdthe ndi, mang ludi cac TTHTCB da phat trien nhanh chdng v l sd lupng va hinh thuc hoat ddng ngay cang phong phii; chuong trinh, tai iieu hpc tap da dupc bo sung, tang cudng va doi mdi, tdng budc dap dng nhu hpc tap da dang cua ngudi dan trong cpng ddng.
2) Mdt so to chtrc xa hqi da co nhieu hinh thtie tnrc tl^ hofc glin tl^ tham gla XHHGD tai easi<iiDTXicacxa,phudfng,thitran
'HqlKhuy^hqc V^Nam la luc iupng npng cpt ttong vi$c v$n dpng thanh lap TTHTCB. Hpi da chu il^ng phoi hop vdi nganh GB tich cue tham muu vdi cap uy, chinh quyen cac cap chi dao qua trinii hoan thipn dan md hinh hoat dpng, tich cue tim kiem giai phap khic phuc khd khan de giup cac TTHTCB on djnh hoat dpng; tham gia tich ci;c trang v i ^ i^p k l hoach cung nhuto chdc cac hogtddng oua TTHTCB vi van ddng cac t i n g Idp nhSn dan den du cac idp chuyen detaiTTHTCfl.
Hdl da tn'en khai cac d i t a i nghien cdu,to chdc cac hpi nghi, hpi thao khoa hpc ve xay dung XHHT, ve pliattriln TTHTCB dViet Nam,tdddHpi dacd nhung
(kl 2-8/2013)-
ddng gdp quan tnjng d l giai quylt nhffng v l n d l ii lu^n va thuc tiln trong xay dung XHHT ndi chung, quan ii phattrien ben vi/ng TTHTCB ndi rieng.
•HqiLHPN VietNam rfa'phoi hpp vdi BoGD-BT xdy di/ng Chuong trinh hoat dpng "XMC - pho cap giao due (PCGB) tilu hpc cho can bd Hpipiii; nOca sd nhim nSng cao ndng iuc va tieu chuan hoa can bd hoi cac clp, gdp phan xay dung XH HJ giaWoan 2005- 2010". Bdng thdi, Hpi da hudng d i n triln khai thpc hien Ke hoach ciii dao diem cdng tac XMC va xay dung Chuong trinh hogt dong tai cac cap Hpi. Hdi da cd chu truong va chidao gan vile thuc hipn xay dung XHHT, phat trien TTHTCB vdi thuc hipn oac phong trao thi dua va cac nhi^m vu trpng jam cua Hdi n h i m huy ddng cac ngudn ii/c gdp piian thi^c hien tdtphong trap "Ca nudc trd thanh XHHT". B i n dSu thang 10/
2008, da cd 19.600 phu nd hpc xong idp sau XMC, 34.779 phg nddupc PCGD ieu hpc, 68.605 ngudi dupc PCG B trang hijc cd sd.
'Boan TNCS Ho ChiMinh da cd nhieu hinh thdc dao tao, bdi dudng cho can bp doan va thanh nien.
Mdt so iiinh tht/c tdchdc hpc tap d CO sdxa, phudng:
idp hoc tinh thuang dupc to chdc dthanh phd idn (tren dja ban phudng hoac cac xdm ngheo, nhat la cac xdm van dd,...). Bd'i tupng hpc tap chu yeu la tre em iang thang, co nhd hoac od iioan canh dac biet. Cac idp tap huan danh cho nhung thanh nien, cdng nhan va ndng dan hoac can bp kTthuat tre tuoi nhim nang cao trinh dp kTthuat, chuyen giao cdng nghe, dng dung khoa hpc, kTthuat,... cho nhung Ihanh nien mudn lam chu nhung cdng nghe mdi trong san xult, md trang trai, phattrien chan nudi, trong trpt de iap than, iap nghiep. Cac idp XMC cho ngudi iao dpng ngheo ma iuc iupng tham gia lasinh vien, hpc sinh tinh nguyen duoc to'chdc vao cao thang he.
* Hdl Nong dan VietNam phd'i hdp vdi Bd G B - BT ban hanh Nghi quyet Lien tjch phd'i hop hoat dpng nang cao trinh dp van hoa, i(iln thdc klioa hpc ddi s i n g , kTthuat ndng nghiep tronq ndng dSn giai doan^2006-2010. Hpi phd'i lipp md cac Idp, ddng thdi to elide v^n dpng ndng dan tham gia hoc tai cac idp dd. 0 cac huyen, xa, Hpi Ndng dan phot hpp vdi Tmng tam GDTX va TTHTCB de to' ehde cae idp XMC,oao Idp chuyen deve khoa hpc kT Ihuat v a v l mdtsd'nghe n g i n hgn.
'Hqi Ngudl cao tudi Viit Nam da phdj hop vdi Bp GB-B'T ki k i t ChUdng trinh phoi hpp trien iihai thuc hien Dean xay di/ng XHHT; phd'i hop vdi Hpi khuyen hpc Vi$tNam, Hpi Cuu giao chdc VietNam trien khai thuc hidn va hudng d i n Ban dai dipn ngudi cao tuoi cac ttnh/lhanh phd thuc hien ciiuong trinh phdi hpp hoat dpng lien nganh v l GD - khuyen hpc - xay dung XHHTtdcosd.
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'Bq TuldnhBdddlbldnphdngdaph& hpp vdi Bd GB-BT triln khaicae hoat dpng v I X M C - P C G D lieu hpc, PCGB THCS, x§y dimg, phattriln cac TTHTCB dcac tinh bidn gidi. Sau 5 nam, da md dupc 147 idp XMC oho 4.868 ngudi, 82 Idp PCGD tilu hpe cho 1.524 ngudi.
Nhdng k i t qua tren day cho Vitiy, edng tao eh?
dao thuc hidn phat triln TTHTCB, x4y dung XHHT da dupc ianh dao Dan^, chinh q u y l n vi dom the va cac Ipc lupng xa hdi rSt quan tdm, chi dao triln khai thuc Men dong bdva nhStquan tj/trung UOng d i n cd sd, Cac c l p , edc nganh, edc td' chdo, doan t h l vd nhan dan dja phuong dong tinh, hudng dng.
3) Nhirng han cheva khd khan. Cae hogt ddng cua TTHTCD chua dupc thudng xuyen.Vi$c huy dpng cac nguon iuc de duy tri va phdt trien ede hoat ddng TTHTCO cdn han che. Viec thuc iiien cdng tdc XH HGB dd'i vdi TTHTCB odn gap nhieu khd khan, eu t h l : - Nhan thdc ve vai trd, vi tri, tao dung cua TTHTCD, y nghTa cua viec XHH hoat dpng TTHTCD d mdt tip phan can bdya nhan dan cdn han c h l . Vi§c huy dpng sdc manh td'ng hpp cua cac luc lupng xa hdi d l xay dung vd phdt triln TTHTCD ehua dupc phdt huy mpnh me; - Cdng tac lien kit, phd'i hpp chua tdt do ehua ed CO che phd'i hpp phu hpp, phan rd trach nhiem cua cdc cap, cac ngdnh td trung uang den edc don vi co sdnen nhilu nganh, doan the chua cd trdch phiem hdtrp cac TTHTCD hoat dpng;-Thuc hien chedp chi tdngan saeh nha nudc eho hoat ddng cua TTHTCB d mdtsd dja phuong chua dam bao. Viec dau tuxay dung CO sdvat chat cung cac dieu kien dam bao hoat dpng toi thieu cuaTTHTCD con cdn bat cap;-Can bd quan li va dpi ngu giang day da phan iiiem nhiem nhung viec tap hua'n ve GD.dac biet Id kT ndng day hoc cho ngudi idn cdn rat it, d i n den cd nhieu han ciie ve nghiep vu quan li, chi dao hoat ddng TTHTCD va viec tmyen dat kie'n thdo cho ngudi hpc; - Chat lupng, hieu qua, tac dung cde hoat ddng cda TTHTCD odn cd nhieu han c h l ] hethd'ng mang ludi TTHTCD chua that thudn Hen d l mpi ngudi dan c d t h l t h a m gia hpo tap cd hieu qua.
4. Mpt s o ' k h u y i n nghj ^
Tang cudng cdng tdc p h o b i l n , tuydn truyln mpt each day du v l dudng id'i, chu trudng oua Dang, v l vj tri, vai trd, tdo dung oua TTHTCO, y nghTa cua viec XH H hoat dpng cua TTHTCD de he thong chinh trj, ehinh quyen oac cap, cdc doan t h i v a td'chdc xa hdi nhan thde rd vai trd quan trpng cua viec phat triln TTHTTCO trong vipc nang cao dan tri, ddo tao nhan life, xay dungXHHT,gdp phan d i e iuc oho su nghiep CNH, HOHdItnudo. T d d d phdt huy sdc mgnh td'rig hpp cua cahd thing chinhtri va loan xa hpi Chung tay phdt triln TTHTCD, xay dung XHHT.
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Xdy di/ng CO ehlphdi hop phu hpp vdl chdc nang, nhipm vp va tinh chdt oua tdng tdchdc, doan the, cac tichdCxahdilrongquatrinhthuChienXHHTTHTCfl de quan ii, xdy dung va phat triln TTHTCD; khuyin khich su tham gia, ddng gdp, xdy dimg, phat triln TTHTCO cua cdo iuc iuong xa hpi. ^
M d f | n g md'i lien k i t vdi cac doanh nghiep.tochdc nude ngoai, cdc nha hao tdm trong va ngoai niidc tham gia xdy dung, hoat ddng, phat trien TTHTCB, xay dung XHHT. C i n cd eo ehe p h l i hpp viSi vdi cac iuc lupng trdn d i t a n g cudng vide hd tro nguon luc cho hoat ddng TTHTCD. Trong iTnh vi/o XHIJGD, XHH TTHTCD dVidtNam, oac doanh nghi§p,toehi)i»nudc ngodi, edc nha hao tdm tronq vd ngoainudo da,dang vd se cd nhilu dong gdp v i t a l luc, vat luc, nhan luc mang igi hieu qua cao.
Day mgnh cdng tdo khuyin hpo, khuyin tai, xdy dung phongtrdo hpc tap thudng xuydn, hpc tap suit ddi trong mdi gia dinh, mdi ddng hp, trong cdng d i n j bdng nhilu hinh thdctochuc khde nhau: kit hpp luydn tnjyen, van dgng, hd trp vdt chat, ddng vien tinh thin vd bilu duong, khen thudng dudi nhilu hinh thdc;
gdn n i n i p hpctap cua gia dinh, ddng hpovdiphong trdo hoc tap cua cpng ddng, t d d d xay dung^ cung co, phattrien dn djnh n i n nep hpc tgp trong mdi gla dinh vd phong trdo hpo tap cua cpng doiig. ^ . Tang cudnp ngudn luc hd trp v l kinh phi, diu tu xdy dung CO so vat chd't, dam bao eho hogt dpng toi thilu oua TTHTCD. Xay dyng va hoan thien eo c h l chinh sdch, c h i d d tdi chinh v l chl thudng xuyen Vd phu ed'p chdc vu dd'i vdi dpi ngu edn bd quan li vacac ehde danh khdc cua TTHTCO.
^ Ngodi cdc hoatdpng tgitnj sdchinh cda TTHTCB, o l n day manh viec to chdo cdc idp hpc va oac hinh Ihdc sinh hogt khdo tai ode thdn, ban, gdp phin ndng oao higu qua hogt ddng cua TTHTCO. U
Tai li^u tham khao
1. BO GD-DT. Bdo cdo tdng Ut 5 ndm xdy dmg xa hfi hoc ldp 2005-2010. H. 2012.
2. Ph9m Minh Hac. Tiidi^n Blich IdhoaTamh'hQC- G i i o dvc hpc. NXB Gido dticVifl Nam. H. 2012..
3. Quyft d|nh sS 89/QD-TTg cda ThQ lining Chinll phu ngiy 9/01/2013 vS vi^c ph6 duy^l Si Sn "X4y dimg xa hpi hpc tap giai do9n 2012-2020".
4. Thai Xuan Dao. Xa hpi hda gi&o due thudng xuyen:
quan ni$m - thvrc trang va gi&i phap, H. 2012.^j SUMMARY , ^ j^l The article provides a n overview of tho deyelqfk ment and achievement of Community teaming cmteT in Viet Nam. hlgblighting the role of education-social- izing work towards this type demonstrated tjypiactl- cai and concrete contxibuUons of social forces.' '4
