T0 chi khoa hgc TrUdng Bpi hgc Quy Nhon - Sd 3, T^p VI ndm 2012
NGHlfeN Clfu l ^ G DUNG GIS, GPS VA V I I N T H A M XAY D^NG BAN DO 3D-GIS PHUC VU QUY HOA CH K H 6 N G GIAN D 6 THJ
(LAY v f DU TRfeN DJA BAN P H U ^ N G TRAN H U N G D ^ O , THANH P H 6 Q U Y N H O N - T I N H BINH DJNH)
N G 6 ANH TOV Ll/dNG THI VAN^, PHAN TH! LE THOY', LAM NGUYEN P H C C
1. DAT VAN D ^
Hp thdng dd thi trdn todn lanh thd nffdc la ndi chung vd thdnh phd'Quy Nhdn cua linh Blnh Dinh ndi rieng dang tren dd phdt trid'n. Ddng hdnh vdi vipc md rdng pham vi, dia gidi vd xay dffng cdc cd sd ha tang, hodn thien cdc cdng irlnh dan sinh kinh te kylhual, tru s d c d quan hanh chinh, thffdng mai dich vu,... Id sff tap trung dan cff lai cac vdng trung tam dd thi ngdy cdng ddng due kdo Iheo nhieu vd'n de khd khan vd bffc bach cho phat trien ben vffng nhff va'n nan giao thdng, 6 n h i i m mdi ffiTdng, thiet ke mang lffdi didn, cung cap nffdc sach. quy hoach bai dau dd xe, quy hoach khdng gian xanh, cdng trinh cdng cdng d e dan cff thff gidn, vui chdi, gidi tri.... Dieu ndy da dat ra bai loan can giai quyd't ddi vdi cac nha hoach dinh chie'n Iffdc, nha quy hoach, nha quan ly,... irong xay dffng vd phdt trien do thi hidn nay. Hinh thffc quan ly quy hoach d6 thi trffdc day chii ye'u dffa vdo cdc ban ve, sd do hien trang mat bang cua cac thffa dat. Hinh anh dffdi dang 2D, tren mpl mat phang vdi cac khu chia Id, chia thffa rat khd khan ffong vide hinh dung cu the vd chi liet khu vffc qudn \y, khdng gian thffc cua cac cong uinh, he thd'ng cay xanh, mang lffdi didn, mang lffdi giao thdng, dac bidt Id dp cao cua cac cdng trinh nhd d, khoang trd'ng trong dd thi, cdc Id dd't cd hinh ddng khdng dong deu dan xen vdi mang lffdi giao thdng khu phd' (mang lffdi dffdng hem nhd),...
Ngay nay, vdi sff phat trien vffdt bac cua nen khoa hpc ky thuat, vide ffng dung cac thanh tffu khoa hpc cdng nghd nh^m nang cao chd'l Iffdng va hieu qua cdng vide trong ddi sd'ng, san xuat da trd ndn phd bie'n va sau rdng. Ben canh sff ra ddi va ffng dung vao nhieu Hnh vffc thffc tien cffa cdng nghd GIS (Geographic Information System), GPS (Global Positioning System) va RS (Remote Sensing) la sff phat Irien cua 3D- GIS. Thdng tin, dff Heu ve cac ddi tffdng nghidn cffti dffdc the hidn bdng hinh khdi va ca ben irong cdc hinh khdi dd. Nhd vay, cd the xay dffng dffdc 3D (Three Dimension) khu vtrc quan ly dffdi dang 3 chieu vdi nhffng hidu ffng va tinh ndng qudn ly manh, kha nang chia se thdng tin d mpi ndi mdt each linh hoat, tao nen mdt bffdc dot phd mdi trong qudn ly khdng gian dd ihi vd quy hoach dd thi, giup cdc nhd quy hoach cd nhieu Va chpn, nha qudn 1;^ cd cai nhin trffc quan, chi tiet tffng khu vffc vdi nhieu gdc dp
J_H) NCOANHTliv l.tfONC TH| V AN». PHAN THI Lfe THUV, LAM NGUVfeN PHCC^' k h i c nhau, khiic phuc dff<?c nhttng han ch6' ciia c i c b i n S6 2D trffdc day, dting thdi nSng cao dffdc hi$u qud ci^a c6ng t i c quy hoach v i q u i n 1^ dd thi.
Do viy, x i y difng biin S6 3D-GIS phgc vi^ quy ho^ch khong gian do tlii d nffdc ta ndi chung vii d thinh phd' Quy Nhdn, tinh Binh Djnh ndi riling c6 ^ nghia quan trpng v i c i n thiS'l, giiip c i c n h i quan 1^ cd c i i nhin thi/c ic vc t h ^ gidi thi/c, ve nhttng han che ciia kie'n trdc khdng gian d6 thj hi?n t^i de ttt dd cd djnh hudng phii h(?p cho cdng t i c quy hoach v i c i i tao, chinh trang dd thj trong ti/dng iai.
2. KHA N A N G U N G D I , J N G X A Y D I / N G 3D-GIS PHUC V t ; QUY HOACH
KH6NG GIAN D6 THI THANH PH6 QUY NHON. TINH BINH DINH 2.1. Khai quit ie thinh phA'Quy Nhtfti vk via Si d6 thj cua thinh phS'Quy Nhdn
Quy Nhdn-thinh pho' tinh ly cQa Binh Djnh, n i m ve phia dong nam ciia tinh;
Phia ddng g i i p bien Ddng vdi dUdng bd bien d i i 43 km; Phia lay g i i p huy^n Van Canh; Phia bac g i i p c i c huy?n Tuy Phirdc v i Phu Cat; Phia nam g i i p thi xa Song Cau, tinh Phu Yen. T5ng di?n tich tU nhien cua t o i n t h i n h pho l i 284.5 k m ' vdi hdn 30 van dan |2]. Quy Nhdn cd 21 ddn vj h i n h chinh, gom 16 phirdng v i 5 xa; L i trung tam kinh te, chinh tri, v i n hda, khoa hoc ky thuat cua tinh Binh Dinh. Quy Nhdn con l i vilng da't "dja linh nhan kicl" vdi lich si hinh t h i n h v i phat trien hdn 400 n i m , difdc g i n lien vdi nen v i n hda C h i m Pa the'ky 11. t r i l u dai T i y Sdn va cang Thi Nai the'ky 18.
Quy Nhdn cd dien tich dam ho Idn, lai nguyen sinh vat hicn phong phd vdi nhieu loai d i e san quy cd gia tri kinh ic cao. Quy Nhiiii l i mpt trong nhOfng t h i n h pho cd nhieu tiem n i n g \ a khi n i n g dpng cua khu \ifc Trung Trung bp vdi c i c nganh kinh te quan trpng: cong nghipp, thttdng mai. xua't nhap khau, dich vu cang bien, khai thac, nuoi trong vi che bie'n thuy hai s i n , du ljch,... Trong nhieu n i m qua. kinh te t h i n h pho lien tuc t i n g tnrdng v i phat trien, td'ng g i i tri s i n pham dja phUdng (GDP) tinh theo gia Ihifc le n i m 2009 dat xa'p ,vi 7.600 ly dong, lang hdn 6.450 ty dong so vdi nam 1998; toe d() l.lng Irttclng GDP binh quan hang n i m trong c i c n i m qua la 13.18'7r.toc dp phit incn binh quan hiing n i m trong c i c n i m qua l i I4.29<;^; GDP binh quan dau ngudi n i m 2009 dat giin 27 tripudong. l i n g 22.52 u-ieu dong so vdi n i m 1998; Cd cau kinh te chuyen dich theo httdng tich ciTc: cong nghiep v i xay dttng chiem 50,16%, djch vu 44,02'/f, nong lam thdy hai san 5,82%,... [ 1 ]
NGHlfeN CCai 1?N0 DIJNG OIS. OPS VA VIEN THAM XAY DUNG BAN P 6 3D-GIS
IXUiPAnON nil SOL UbUUVNllON
Hinh i . Thinh phd Quy Nhan Hinh 2. Phudng Trdn Hang Dgo, thinh phd Quy Nhdn Ngay 25/01/2010, Thii tirdng Chinh phu da ban hanh Quye't dinh 159/QD-TTg cong nhan Quy Nhdn la thanh pho'do dti loai 1, trite thupc tinh Blnh Dinh da tao tien de cho su dau ttt xay diTng dong bp ve ha tang ky thuat, xa hpi do thi, xay difng va phat uien thanh pho Quy Nhdn t h i n h do thj hien dai, ben vffng, co ban sac rieng nham diUc hien tot vai trd do thj dpng life phat trien viing kinh te trpng diem mien Trung, difdc xac djnh n i m trong nhom do thi ldn, cifc ldn va la mpt trong 12 do thi trung tam ca'p vung cda ca nifdc, la mpt trong ba trung tam thifdng mai-dich vu ciia duyen hai Nam Trung bp [ 1 ]. Tuy nhien, do q u i trinh do thj hda khong ben vffng trong mpt thdi gian kha dai trudc day nen raic dau thanh pho Quy Nhdn da pha'n da'u, nd life vuot bac trong xay dung, chinh trang va hoan thien bp mat ciia thanh pho', nhung van de quy hoach khong gian va quan ly do thi van con nhieu bdc bach, nan giai can CO cai nhin thau d i o va c i c h giai quye't hieu qua. Thie't nghT, bai toin dat ra cho thanh pho Quy Nhdn tren day co the difdc giai quye't ± u a n ldi va difdc thao gd ne'u chung ta xay difng va khai thac difdc chlfc nang cua ban do 3D-GIS cho thanh pho nay.
2.2. Nghign ci?u thtfc hien quy trinh xay di^ng ban do 3D-GIS
Nghien cttu, van dung cd sd ly thuyet xay difng ban do 3D-GIS ttt mot so' tai lieu 13], [4], [5], [8] de tie'n hanh thifc hien xay dttng ban do 3D-GIS theo quy trtnh gom cac bifdc (hinh 3). Stt dung dff lieu anh vien t h i m Quickbird cua doi tttpng nghiSn cttu,
NG6 ANH TO'. LUONG THI VAN^ PHAN THI L£ THUY^ LAM NGUYfeN PHOC^
SO H P A CAC CONO'TftlNH NHA Cf PHlrtWO TRAN HtJHQ D # 0 T H A N H P H O Q U Y NHCW
Hinli 6. Cdc cdng irinh Iren dfa biin phttdng Trdn Hung Dgo ditdi dgng 21
Hinh 7. H^ ihd'ng cdy xanh trin dia bdn phudng Trdn Hitng Dgo dudi dgng 2D Sau khi xay dffng dff lieu khdng gian kdt hdp dff lieu ihupc tinh ihu thap dffdc tff dieu tra thffc dia (dieu tra so' nhdn khau, so tang cdc cdng trinh, dia chi chu sff dung dat Irong khu vffc nghidn cffu; dieu ira sd nhan khau trong moi hp gia dinh; dieu ira hien trang nhd,...); Kdt hdp dff Hpu DEM dffdc l^y tff ngudn anh vien thdm Aster GDEM 30m tren dia ban phffdng Tran Hffng Dao; dff lieu dia vat 3D (cay xanh, phffdng lien di lai....). Ket qua cu the qua hinh 8 dffdi day:
NGHltNClJU IJNG DIJNO GIS, GPS VA VlfeN THAM XAY DljNO BAN B 6 3D-GIS
DIM f HtrONO TKi
Hinh 8. Dd lieu DEM vi cdc dia vdt 3D eiia phudng Trdn Hung Dgo
* K6't qua x i y dt^ng ban S6 3D-GIS phttdng Tr^n Httng Dao-Thanh ph6' Quy Nhdn
Hinh 9. Mdt gdc cua phudng Trdn Hang Dgo dudi dgng 3D-GIS Tiiy thupc vao muc dich the hien k h i c nhau, chung ta cd the thay ddi mau sac ciia ban do 3D-GIS cho phii hdp va tnfc quan hdn.
116 NGfl ANH TU°. LUdNG TH} VAN\ PHAN TH| L^ THIJ Y'. LAM NGUYEN PHUC
Hinh 10. Phudng Trdn Hung Dgo. Tp.Quy Nhdn dudi dgng 3-GIS
* Kha ndng ii'ng di^ng 3D-GIS trong quan l> khdng gian dd th|
Vdi 3D-GIS, chung ta cd the lim vd blnh dung dffdc nhffng ngdi nha hodc nhffng cd sd ba't dpng sdn cd so tang cao nha't va iha'p nhat vdi nhffng so lieu thupc tinh di kem nhff ten chu sd hffu, dia chi. didn tich cua ngdi nhd hodc bd't dpng sdn dd.Dd Id cd sd giiip cac nha qudn ly cd cai nhin trffc quan vd chi tiet hdn ve khdng gian, khodng trd'ng trong thdnh phd. Tff dd, dffa ra nhffng phdn lich. nhan dinh, ddnh gia \ e sff phdt trien khdng gian dd thi vdi mffc dp phff hdp cua quy hoach phat trien dd thi. Cd the tim dia chi cua nhffng chu hd theo cdc ydu cau khdc nhau. Thidu nhfftim dia chi la'l ca cdc hp gia dinh cd nhd nam d mdt tien dffdng giao thdng nh^m phuc vu cho viec tinh loan den bij giai phdng mdtb^ng hodc \acdinhhd gia dinh ndo da xay dffng hodc sffa chffa nang lang khdng dung nhff thiet kd' ddng ky ban dau.
Mpt ffng dung khdc, dffa vdo bdn dd 3D da dffdc xay dffng, chung ta cd thd' tinh todn, quy hoach de cai tao. nang liing nhd d cdc khu dan cff, khu chung cff. chinh trang bd mdt ihdnh phd'trong tffdng lai; Va thu vi hdn Id chung ta cd the nhin tha'y dffdc bffc tranh nhd d ciia khu dan cff. chung cff dd dffdc nang lang theo quy hoach va bd mat thdnh phd da dffdc chinh trang irong iffdng lai so vdi hinh anh thanh phd' hidn lai.
Ben canh dd. vdi 3D-G1S cd the dp dung quan iy he Ihd'ng giao thdng trong do thi, xac dinh ten dffdng, chieu dai, chieu rpng cua cac luyen dffdng hoac xdc dinh nhffng diem thffdng xuyen xay ra ach t^c giao thdng trong dd thi.
Ngoaira, chiing ta cung the sff dung 3D-GIS trong viec quan ly matdphd thd'ng cay xanh trong dd thi nham nang cao hieu qua qudn ly cua Nha nffdc ve cong tac quy
NGHIEN COU IfNG DIJNG GIS, GPS VA VlfeN THAM XAY DljNO BAN B 6 3D-GIS 117 hoach, duy tri, b i d v$ va thay ddi vi tri c i c diem, cum cay xanh do thj, x i c dinh nhffng khu vifc nao trong dd thj da d i m b i o ty 1$ di$n tich c i y xanh, khu vttc n i o chtta d i m bao, c^n phai p h i t trien. t i n g cttdng thfim di$n tich cay xanh,... gdp phan c i i thien v i bao vp mdi trttdng dd thj.
3. K ^ T LUAN
Trong dieu kipn hipn nay, nghien cttu ffng dung xay dttng b i n do 3D-GIS cd ^ nghia ra't ldn bdi k h i n i n g ttng dung da chilu v i tinh phd dung ctta phttdng p h i p n i y ri't cao. Viec x i y dttng b i n do 3D-GIS khdng q u i phttc tap. B i n do 3D-GIS dttdc thie't ke tren nen A r c M a p v i chay tren ArcScene giup d l sii* dung va cd khi nangldiai diic, ket nd'i vdi nhieu phan mem khac, d i n g thdi cho ph^p ngttdi sii* dung cd the Idiai thic th6m nhieu tinh n i n g ciia ArcGis, c i c b i i toin phan tich ciia bp phan mem nay vdi nhilu muc dich k h i c nhau vd'n l i the manh ciia GIS.
Trong ITnh vttc quy hoach phit trien do thi, b i n d l 3D-GIS giup cac cd quan chdc ning d l dang quin ly khong gian do thi, x i c dinh nhanh va ro dp cao tttng ngoi nha, x i c dinh dttpc stt phan bd' khdng gian do thi theo quy hoach, theo tieu chuan xay dttng v i x i c djnh dttdc stt phan bd cay xanh v i mat dp cay xanh trong dd thi,... Mat khac, 3D-GIS con cho phep c i c nha quy hoach va n h i q u i n IJ cd die nhin thay dttdc bffc tranh do thi theo quy hoach trong cac giai doan cua tttdng lai.
Stt ra ddi va i p dung ban do 3D-GIS phan nao da khac phuc dttdc nhilu nhttdc diem cua b i n do the hien dttdi dang 2D. Ap dung ban do 3D-GIS se each tie'p can phu hop vdi nhu cau phit trien kinh te-xa hpi hien nay va trong c i tttdng lai.
T A I L I E U THAM KHAO
[1] Thai Ngpc Bich, TP Quy Nhm dugc edng nhdn la do thi logi I-NhUng thinh tuu noi bdt. Bd thi Viet Nam, Hiep hpi Cac do dii Viet Nam, So 18 (5/2010).
[2] Chi cue Tho'ng ke tinh Binh Dinh, Niin giam thd'ng ke nam (2010).
[3] Nguyen Dttc Tue, Cdng nghe md phdng vi kha ndng sdn xudt bdn do 3D, Trung Tim GIS-Cuc Ban dd Bp Tdng Tham mUu, (2010).
[4] Gael Sourimant, Luce Morin, Kadi Bouatouch, Vers une reconstruction 3D de zones urbaines: mise en correspondance de donnees Gps, Sig et Video, Rennes-France, (2007).
[5] Madiieu Koehl/Osama Darwish, Construction et integration de aquettes 3D dans un SIG. Strasbourg-France, (2007).
[6] Monmonier, Mark, How to Lie with Maps. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226- 53421-9, (1991).
[7] S. Teller, M. Antone, Z. Bodnar, M. Bosse, S. Coorg, M. Jethwa, and N. Master.
Calibrated, registered images of an extended urban area. Lit. J.Comput. Vision, (2003).
[8] Severine Mortier, Interpolation et representation 3D de donnees iteorologiques en milieu urbain, France, (2007).
11 8 N G 6 ANH Tl)-. LlJdNG TH| VAN^. PHAN TH| Lfe THIJY'. LAM N G U Y £ N PHIJC^
SUMMARY
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF OIS, GPS AND REMOTE SENSING IN ESTABLISHING 3D-GIS MAP FOR SPATIAL URBAN PLANNING
(AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN IRAN HUNG DAO WARD.
QUY NHON CITY. BINH DINH PROVINCE)
Ngo Anh Tu, Luong Thi Van, Phan Thi Le Thuy. Lam Nguyen Phuc Research and application of GIS, GPS and remote sensing in establishing 3D-GIS map for spatial urban planning arc of great significance in science and reality as it creates a new breakthrough in spatial urban management and urban planning. The management of spatial urban in 3D-GIS environment helps planners obtain an insight view into the real world, thus having suitable nrienlalions for the planning and renovation of urban areas in the future.
This research has successfully applied the theory of 3D-GIS map planning in building 3D-GIS map based on remote sensing Quickbird image of Google Map in Tran Hung Dao ward. Quy Nhon ciiy. Blnh Dinh province.
""•'Khoa Dia H-Dia chinh, Tnrdng Dai hpc Quy Niidn Ngiy nh§n Mi: 13/01/2012; Ng^y nhfin dflng: 26/3/2012.
Tgp chi khoa hgc TrUdng Dgi hgc Quy Nhan - Sd3, T4p VI ndm 2012
ERRORS IN ENGLISH READING TECHNIQUES OF THE FIRST-YEAR ENGLISH MAJORS AT QUI NHON UNIVERSITY
NGUYEN THI THANH TAM", HUYNH THI CAM NHUNO'
1. INTRODUCTION
Today, in order to meet the requirements of intemational communication with native English-speakers or English speaking people worldwide, the training of highly-trained Enghsh majors at higher education is enhanced and strengthened in our country; especially those of high-level skills of English practice, namely speaking, listening, writing and reading. English Reading comprehension for English majors al Qui Nhon University (QNU) is enhanced with high-level reading techniques-speed reading, which requires EngUsh-students' thorough knowledge and long regular practice of them to acquire. This inevitably expects the students to have regular feedback and timely adjustments to their errors in their realization and practice from the teachers.
Hence, grasping the first-year English majors' awareness of the reading techniques is of great importance to the students' building good knowledge and practice of EngUsh-reading by giving proper feedback on their errors in reading practice.
Therefore, the study is intended to identify QNU first-year Enghsh-majors' errors in reading techniques to figure out the reasons for their ineffective reading with waste of time or without correct answers. Thereby, their teachers have suitable adjustments to their teaching programs and methods to correct them opportunely for their successfully forming effective and efficient reading habit.
2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
It is clear from the English reading syllabus for first-year Enghsh majors at QNU that the students have to acquire four main reading techniques, namely skimming, scanning, reading for detail and guessing meaning in context in the reading course books Interaction 1 reading and Interaction 2 reading by Kim and Harlmann [2, p. 92-95], [3, p. 93-96]. Skimming is a type of rapid reading technique which is used when a reader wants lo get the main idea or ideas from the passage while scanning is a technique employed when the reader wants to locale a particular piece of information without necessarily understanding the rest of a text or passage [9, p. 322]. Guessing meaning in context, according to O'Connell [7, p. 10], is a technique used to identify the meaning of unknown words in the context by their parts of speech and the clues in the context.
He also confkms that recognizing whether an unknown word is important to one's understanding or whether it can safely be ignored is a key reading skill [7, p. 10].
NGUYfeN THj THANH TAM'. HUYNH THI CAM NHUNG"
Finally, reading for detail partly results from these techniques' coordination. Reading for detail is a technique oi .studying part of a text very carefully to make .sure you understand exactly what the writer means [8. p. 10]. In order to identify which sentences or information needs to be studied carefully for the detail, skimming is n e e d e d to determine which part of the text lo read for the detail required and scanning is used lo locate the sentences or information in the relevant pari of the text by the key words or expressions of the questions 11. p, 561- The new words in these sentences may influence the choice of the answers; hence, guessing the mcaning.s of the new words in context is used when necessary.
Mastering these techniques requires students lo have insightful knowledge of them and clear distinctions between ihem on the ways of reading, their purposes and their coordination in effective practice. This is inevitable for students lo have certain confusions in their awareness, which results in errors in their practice. It is obvious that people have to learn not only from inslruclions on what to do but also from theu- errors or warning of what not to do, which h e l p s t h e m lo a v o i d u n d e s i r a b l e consequences.
3. METHOD AND PROCEDURE
The study is based on quantitative and qualitative methods. The quahtative method helps us determine which errors in English reading techniques students commit during reading practice and the quantitative method is carried out lo decide the percentage of the poll sample to have the same mistakes so as to figure out the popular ones that students usually have to determine their influence on ihe students' English reading.
The study involves 160 first-year English majors of course 33 al QNU responding lo the questionnaire of 9 questions related to the four main reading techniques, namely skimming, scanning, reading for detail and guessing meaning in context mentioned in the course books for Reading 1: Interaction I reading and Interaction 2 reading by Kim and Harlmann [5 & 6]. The survey was carried out as the end-of-term check on their acquisition of reading techniques after the course Reading 1. T h e findings are analysed in percentage terms (with two figures in decimal fraction) and sorted out into two main ways - correct and incorrect ones. The incorrect ones are further analysed to determine the kind of errors and the possible causes or reasons for them; thereby, the consequences can be inferred or confirmed.
4. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
For convenient observation, the findings presented in the tables in the following sections have the following abbreviations:
a, b, c. d. etc. represent the choices of answers to each question in the questioimaire;
C stands for correctness and IC for incorrectness.
