Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cons nghe Thuy sin So 4/2015
VAN DE TRAO BOI
TACH CHIET VA THU NHAN CHE PHAM CAROTEN-PROTEIN Tir PH£ LIEU T6M VA UMG DUNG
EXTRACTION AND RECOVERY OF CAgOTENOID-PROTEIN FROM SHRIMP WASTE AND ITS APPLICATION
Phgm Thl Ban Phufngi, Trang Si Trung', Nguyin Thj Nhu Thuing' Ngay nhan bai- 13/10/3014, Ngay phao bj?n thong qua: 15/10/2015; Ngay duyfldSjig- 15/12/2015
TOM TAT
Trong cpid binh san xuil chitin/chttosan tir phi heu torn, chiing la cUng co Ihi tdch chiet vi thu nhdn che phdm caroten-protein ci cao gii b-i si dung cao, ding Ih&i gidm Ihiiu o nhiem moi tru&ng Co hai phuang phdp tdch chiit chinh dang duoc su dung phd biin Id phuong phdp hoa hoc vd sinh hoc Dining cao hieu suit Ihu hdi va chdl luong cua chi phdm earoten-prolein, viic kit h(tp cac phuong phap tdch chiit bdng hia hoc va smh hoc da eai thiin ducrc nhuoc diem so v&i limg phuong phap xir ly don le. Trong bdi bdo nay. chimg lii gio, Ihieu long auan ve cic phuong phdp lich chiit va Ihu hit chi phim caroten-protein n-ong qud trinh sin xuai chinn/chilosan va khd ndng ung dung cua nd trong chdn nuoi thuy sdn, cong ngiti thm phim y du&c va
my pham. ' Tir khoa: caroten-protein. carotenoid. phi iieu lom
ABSTRACT
In the process of producing chilin/chilosan from shrimp waste, carotenoid and protein should be recovered,o provide added valuable products as well as lo minimise enviicnmentai polluLi. There are hvo mammethods widely used to estracl carolenoid-protein. which are including chemical method and biological melhod m our snuly^ a combination of chemical and biological methods was applied successfully, which enhance recovery efliciency and quaiily of carotenoid-protem m compared to Ihe single treatmeni melhod This paper ,-eviews Ihe methods for extraction and recovery of carotenoid nroi,i„ r u '"' '"'"""'•
PO'en,,a,appl,ca,ionslna,,uacullure.foodlechno,ogy.melfn:aZZm:T- ' ^ Keyvi'ords: carotenoid-protein. carotenoid. slirimp wa.ue
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• ThS NguySn T l , N n „ Thirtng Vi^n CSng nghS .inh b j c vi M« tuftng - TnKmg B „ IIK N h . Tr.ng
142 . T R U O N G D A I H O C N H A T R A N G
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - CSa^m^e Thuy sdn
trong ph^ Iifiu i^n (^ bi?t cd trong dau tom V* hSm liK^ng (King kk) chira du-p'c ngiiiSn cCru ttiu hoi va tmg dyng ntiieu [3,5,18]. Trong d6, carotenoid 6in?c biet Id mpt chat mau tir nhien an toan cho cac nganh c6ng nghe thi/c (rfilm, duvc pham va my pham. Gan day, nhilu phiKmg ph^p da duwc SLP dyng d l tach chiet va tfiu nh$n c i c che pham dam giau carotenoid.
Chung c6 thanh phan chinh la protein va carotenoid a dgng phii'c hp'p caroten-protein va cd nhilu trong phi li€u giap xac (t6m hum, torn su, tem chi, tom th§ chan tring) va mpt so p h i lr|u hai s3n khac. Vi$c tach chilt chung kh6ng chl thu nh|n du'pc cac s^n phim co gia tn gia tang md c6n giam thilu 6 nhilm mfii Injang [3, 5, 12, 18](Chakrabarti, 2002 #268;Pham Thj Dan Phupng, 2013 #260). Tuy nhien, vrec lya chpn phu-cng phip d l tach chiet va thu hoi che phSm caroten-protein dpt du-pc hipu suat cao vi chat lu-png tot nhu'ng khong i n h hu-wng den chit lu'png ciJa chitin/chitosan rat can dupc quan tam. Trong b i i b i o nay, chijng t6i trao dor v l vi^c lya chpn phu-ang phip tich chilt che phim caroten-protein va cac u-u-nhuo'c dilm ciJa chung.
N. NQI DUNG
1. Nguin goe va ban c h i t cua che pham caroten-protein
TnDng cic loai smh vat bien, carotenoid v i protein thu-ong lien ket v6i nhau tgo Blinh phirc carotenoprotein. Ngoai ra, phuc carotenoprotein con lien Itet vai cic chat khac nhu axit b6o, chitin, khoang chit (hinh 1). Dgc b^t. phuc carotenoprotein Ihuong gap a c i c lo^i dOng vgt giip x i c thuy san, ton tai nhieu a
^ ngogi bi, trong vo. o cac co quan npi tang (tning. dg d i y hay bgch huyet), Carotenoprotein ilirpc chia thinh 2 nhom chinh: (1) carotenoid lifin kit voi lipo(glyco)protein, (2) carotenoid fi6n kit v6i m$t protein hogc glycoprotein [28], f ^ n iJng giOa cic nhom 4- va 4'-kelo trong cic vdng d i u mgch cua astaxanthin vC/\ cac nhdm cht>c amin trong protein la dieu kien
So 4/2015
tien quyet d l hinh thanh phi>c carotenoprotein giua astaxanthin va protein [12,28].
Phuc hap carotenoprotein tan trong nuoc va cd tinh b i n vu-ng. Trong mot v i i tn/dng hap, mau sac cua nd ben d i n vai nam trong khdng khi d- dieu kien nhiet do phdng. Cic carotenoid cd hen k i t vd'i protein it bj oxi hda han so vd'i khi chung a dang tu do. Do vgy.
carotenoid a trong ca the sinh v i t ben vCnng han so vai carotenoid sau tach chilt a dgng t y do. Carotenoid a dang ty do thuang co mau vang, cam hogc do. Tuy nhien, trong ca t h l nhung loai dpng vat biln khdng xuang song, cac phuc hap carotenoprotein tao nen nhieu m i u khic nhau nhu- xanh la cay, xanh duang va tia. Trong cac loii giap xic thuy san cd chua 3 loai crustacyanine l i a-, p- va Y-crustacyanine. Ca 3 logi niy diu cd astaxanthin va a dang nhdm lien k i t (prosthetic group). Trong dd, astaxanthin thudng lien k i t vdi cac phan tu protein tgo thinh phuc hpp a-crustacyanin, h i p thy cyc dgi d budc sdng (X^) 628 nm, cd miu xanh den dac tnpng thudng thay d cic loai thuy s i n song. Dudi tac dyng cua nhigt, li§n kit tren bj p h i huy v i giai phdng astaxanthin ty do OD mau do cam Q,^ = 480 nm) Cau true cua carotenoid cung quyet d|nh cac chuc nang sinh hpc cua Chung, trong dd phan ton carotenoid deu cd mgch 40 carbon lien ket vdi cic nhdm chuc chua oxy khac nhau, Trong phe li$u tdm, carotenoid chu y i u la astaxanthin (trSn 95%), thupc nhdm chat tetraterpenoid, la sic to miu dd cam. Tuong ty nhu carotenoid khac, no cd tinh phin cyc thap va hda tan tot trong mo hogc diu.
Astaxanthin cd the dupc tim thiy trong vi tao, men bia, ca hot, ca, loii nhuyin the, dpng vit giap xic thdy sin va long cua mpt s6 loii chim Trong cac loai giap xac thuy sin, astaxanthin chu yeu tip trung d phin vd ngoai. Nd thudng ton tai d dang dong phan quang hpc (3S. 3'S), trong dd chu y i u la d dgng mono- hay di-ester vdi cac axit beo khdng no mach dai, hogc dudi dgng phi>c hp'p carotenoprotein [9, 11, 12].
TRL/ONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG • 143
Tgp chi Khoa hgc - Cong nghi Thuy sin
si 4/2015Hlnh 1. Cie lien k^t h6B hgc giiia astaxanthin vii 2. Ckc p h u v n g phdp tdch chiet vd thu hoi c h l p h i m caroten-protein tCr p h i l i f u torn trong qud trinh sdn xuat chitin/chitosan
Ttuirc ddy, cac nhd khoa hoc t^p tnjng nghign ci>u chilt tdch vd thu h6i chit mdu (carotenoid), chit mOi (protein) ti> p h i ligu tfim bing mOt so dung m6i hQu co, axit, nhiet, nu-^c hay nu^c mu6i loang. D l ndng cao chit iucng sdn phim vd c6 the if ng dung trong cfing nghe thyc phim, y ducrc vd my phim, cdc hi?p chit trfin 6I1C/C tdch chiet bdng cdch dCing d i u thyc vdt vd cdc loai enzyme protease hole k i t hop cdc phyong phdp chiit nhim thu hoi cd carotenoid vd protein [3,11,13,24]. Tuy nhidn, prctein vd carotenoid nhanh chfing bj hy hong hogc bi oxy hfia khi 6- dang ty do sau tdch chilt, trong khi fi- dgng phyc hyp Igi b i n vd on dlnh hon |12, 23). B i l u ndy dd dyyc chiing minh trong cdc nghifin ciru cong b l g i n ddy.
Hlnh 2 trinh bdy quy trinh thu hfii c h l phim caroten-protein trong qud trinh sdn xuit chitin/chitosan. Sdn pham tdch chilt sau khi thiiy phdn se dyyc phdn rifing thdnh phin bd (dung d l s i n xuit chitin/chitosan) vd phin djch
144 . TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
axit Wo, chitin vk protein trong dan vd tdm [9]
thuy phan (dimg de k i t t i a d l thu h6i phiic hyp carotenoprotein, protein t y do, carotenoid ty do...). D l thu h l l c h l pham trong dung djch dsm thiJy phdn dy(vc tdch chilt l i i gidp xdc thOy sdn noi chung vd p h i lifiu tfim trong qud trinh sdn xuit chitin nfii rifing, phdi cfi phyyng phdp thich hyp d l dgt hiju suit thu hfii sdn pham cao nhit nhung miic dp dnh h y i n g d i n chit luyng cua sdn phim t h i p nhit, dac bigt Id hgn c h l sy hy hong carotenoid Hi$n nay, nhieu nhd khoa hpc d i nghifin cyu k i t hyp si>
dung mfit sfi cdc phyong phdp thu hfii d l ndng cao chit luyng s i n phim vd tang higu suit thu hfii chfi p h i m caroten-protein nhim iing dyng trong thlic dn chin nufii hodc thyc p h i m cho n g y * i . Bfing thfi.i, ddy la mpt h y i n g di theo phyyng phdp sdn xuit sgch hon
2.1. Phuang phip tich chiit chi phim caroten-protein ttr phi il4u tdm
2^1.1. Tdch chilt Chl Phim caroten-protein bing phyyng phdp hfia hpc
Trong qud trinh s i n xuit chitin/chitosan c i c cfing dogn xii ly d i u sil dunq h f i a T / C tuy theo nguyfin ligu, cfing nghg v i Z T t t
Tsp chi Khoa hoc-Cong/^h4 Thuy sdn
cMt lyp'ng cOa (^lAin/chftosan. Cac logi axit IwTi Cff ihif&ng dOng trong qua trinh u xilo nhu axit fac^c. acetic, formic, propionic... hogc axit v l ca nhif axit sunphuric, axit hydrochloric, axit phosphoric. Day l i phu-cng phip d l dang trien khai vdi quy mo Idn v i cd chi phf san xuat tuOTig doi thip. Tuy nhien, vipc su dyng hdachat trong cdng nghe san xuit chitin. chitosan khdng nhung anh hudng xau den chat lupng cua c h l pham caroten-protein thu dupc m i cdn cd t h l g i y ra 6 nhilm mdi tm-dng trim trpng do hda chit sau khi su dung duac t h i i ra hoac se phai tieu ton chi phi di xu ly nudc thai n i y [5, 8].
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Hinh 2. Quy trinh thu hai che phi •protein chung trong qua Irtnh si it chitin/chitosan
Trong thyc t l , phuang phip u xilo bing cfic axit hu-u ca hogc kit hpp axit huu ca vdi vd CO-vin dupc nghien cuu v i ung dyng k h i pho biln d l thu h i i c h l pham djch u xil6 diing cho s3n xuit thuc i n chan nudi gia siic va thiiy s i n . Tuy nhien, su- dyng axit v6 ca d l u xilo nhim mge dfch thu hoi c h l pham caroten-protein sS khdng cho san pham cd chit lupng cao so v*i phuang phip u xild bing axit huu ca hoac fSn men vi sinh (vi khuin), do c i c acid vd ca cd
•*iS nSng phin huy mOt so carotenoid, d i e bipt te cd khi nang g i y biln tinh protein Nhu vgy, chl phim caroten-protein thu duac se cd chit ffpng m i p do lupng protein va carotenoid fttJ dupc thip. dgc bigt anh hudng rat Idn
« n m i u s i c cua s i n pham do carotenoid bi (Wy hda mgnh v i chi phu hpp l i m thuc an
Chan nudi. Hon ni>a. d l su dung che pham caroten-protein thu duac tu q u i trinh ii xilo bang axit vd ca can phii duac trung hda c h l biln thuc an chan nudi [7],
2.1 2. Tich chilt c h l pham caroten-protein bing phuang phap smh hoc
O l nang cao chat Iupng san pham thu duac, carotenoid dupc tach chilt v i thu hdi trong phirc hap carotenoprotein nhim giu ben m i u do lien k i t giua carotenoid v i protein.
Han nua. protein cd trong phe li§u tdm c6 chat lupng dinh dudng khi cao. bao gom day du cac axit amin can thilt [1, 12, 23], Do v§y, vi?c thu hoi c h l phim bao gom ca carotenoid va protein rit quan trpng trong nginh cdng nghe thyc pham va chan nudi Lee v i cpng sy (1999) [20] da so sinh k h i ning
TRLfONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG • 145
Tap chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe ThUy sdn So 4/2015
tach chiet v i thu hdi carotenoid cd trong c h lpham caroten-protein b i n g phu-ang p h i p u xild axit acetic va phuang phap k i t hpp su- dyng dung djch dem Na3-EDTA va enzyme protease vdi muc dich su- dyng l i m pham m i u thyc pham chu-c nang. K i t q u i nghien ci>u cho thay hieu q u i tich chilt d i l pham caroten-protein cao nhd phuang phap k i t hpp su- dyng Na3-EDTA v i mpt logi enzyme protease sinh tip vi sinh vat (khdng ii xilo bing axit).
Ngoai ra, viec SLP dung phuang phap sinh hpc san xuat chi^n/chitosan bang protease khong nhij-ng nhim nang cao chat lupng c h l pham caroten-protein thu hoi ma cdn hgn c h l d nhilm mdi tru-d'ng do chit thai sau san xuat.
Khanafanvacpngsy(2007)[19]cungkhangdjnh hiSu qua tich chilt carotenoid trong c h l pham caroten-protein bang vi sinh vat (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus acidophilus) cao han nhieu so vdi phuang phip hda hpc. C i c logi enzyme dupc sir dung d l tach chilt pho biln hipn nay l i papain, trypsin, pepsin, mOt so logi protease chiet nJt tCr vi sinh v i t (Aspergillus melleus. Aspergillus oryzae, Badllus UchenHbrmis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudamonas...) v i c i c logi protease ttiuong mgi khic (Alcalase, Protamex, Flavourzyme, Neutrase) [5, 12, 20]. D|c dilm Chung cua c i c enzyme n i y la c6 khoing pH thich hpp rOng. thudng tir 5.5 - 8,5; vi viy. khi irng dyng thuy phan thi cd t h l thich u-ng vdi pH mdi trudng ty nhidn ciia nguygn Il0u thuy s i n ma khdng c i n dieu chinh pH. Nhi^t dd thfch hpp ciJa cac enzyme nay dao dpng trong khoing tip 4 5 - 6 0 ° C .
Su dgng protease se p h i vd cac lifin k i t cua c i c protein khic trong p h i lifiu tdm, do dd l i m giim sy k i t tua protein tgi dilm dang difin pi va l i m ting kha ning thu hoi caroten-protein [15]. Cac enzyme thuy phan protein nhu papain, pepsin, trypsin d i u hogt dpng tot d nhifit dp phdng Tuy nhien, m l i logi enzyme cd pH toi uu khac nhau nhu pepsin hogt ddng toi uu d pH 4.6, papain 6 pH 6,2 vS trypsin d pH 7.6, Trong dd, so vdi papain v i pepsin, hifiu suit thu hoi bdt nhao caroten-protein ciia
146 • T1?L;6NG O A I H O C NHA TRANG
trypsin t h i p nhit, nhimg hSm lup'ng carotenoid v i protein trong che p h i m canaten-protein thu dupc cao nhit. M$c dO, t i n g lup'ng protein thu duvc tip p h i lifiu tdm cao n h i t khi sii- dyng trypsin nhipng nd cd g i i thinh cao. Do dd, papain v l n difpc dCing d l thu h i i c h l p h i m protein v i caroten-protein tir p h i iifiu tdm trud-c khi s i n x u i t chitin/chitosan [12].
2.1.3. T i c h chilt c h l p h i m caroten-protein bang phuang p h i p k i t hiyp
a. Phuxmg phip l<4t hgp hda hgc va sinh hgc Trong phe lifiu tdm. chifin k i t hap chgt che vdi protein, c h i t mau carotenoid v i khoing.
Trong dd, protein, c h i t m i u carotenoid t i n tgi dud'i dgng phuc chit carotenoprotein. Do vgy, trong qua trinh s i n xuat chitin/chitosan, vi§c thu hoi d i n g thdi carotenoid, protein va logi khoing l i mpt v l n de d i n g quan t i m . Nhin to chfnh trong quy trinh san xuit chitin l i cac lac nhan khip khoing (EDTA, HCI, nhipt) v i c6c t i e nhan k i t tua (HCI, (NH^)^SOJ, nhipt) cd k h i nang i n h hudng d i n chat m i u carotenoid. Vi v$y, nham nang cao hipu suat chiet caroten-protein v i giu du-pc hogt tlnh sinh hpc cOa c h i t mSu carotenoid trong q u i trinh loai protein ra khdi p h i hpu tdm, c i c nha khoa hpc k i t hc^p vi$c su- dyng hda chat (axit vd ca hay huu ca) v i enzyme protease de xup ly [7, 8, 15].
D l hgn c h l nhupc d i l m cCia c i c phu-ang phip u xild, Trang ST Tmng va cOng sy (2009) [7] da su dyng k i t hpp axit hu-u ca v i Alcalse.
cd b l sung ri dudng d l chilt carotenoid ti>
p h i lipu tdm. Q u i trinh axit hda cho ph6p g l i m nhanh pH d i n muc I n djnh n h i m uc c h l vi smh vgt gay thii, tgo mdi trudng thu^n M cho Cic enzyme nd, tgi hogt dpng, d i n g thdri cung tgo d^u kifin cho vi khuin lactic cd m|t trong nguygn lipu phit triln, thuc d i y qy^ trinh t y thuy phin. Trong qua trinh 0 xi id. b l sung dudng cd va, trd quan trpng cho hogt d^ng cua VI smh vfit, tgo dilu kifin thu^n lpi cho q u i X.16 bang axit huu ca nh5m t^ch khoing v i ^
^:r.^rL^::i!i^r.^-^^^^n/^nh ^
hudng Id^ d i n carotenoid, Han
nOa, khi tilp tyc
w T^ chi Khoa hgc - Cmg nghi Thiy son
Iddi pnrtein b i n g Mcalase cho phep thu hoi cWlin/chife)san y^ hon hop caroten-protein co c ^ lifpng cao ding thcri giam thieu d nhifim mdi tnfOTjg ding 1^. H i m lup-ng protein va carotenoid fliu difpc tip q u i trinh san x u l t chftin cai tiln k i t hp-p x u iy enzyme n i y cung cao hon han so vdi phuang phap xu- ly bing h ^ hpc [4]. l/u dilm cua phuang phap cai t i l n niy dya trfin sy han c h l sy thuy phan protein mOt frfian va sy phan htiy phan Idn carotenoid khi sit dyng axit a nong dp cao va thdi gian ii xild kfio dal.b. Phirang phip sinh hgc kit hap si> dung hai enzyme protease
Khi thuy phan mot protease, hifiu suit liHfdng dgt khdng cao do enzyme dd chf mang mpt trong hai dgc tinh hogc la exoprotease ho$c l i endoprotease v i cd tinh dgc hieu rifing.
Tuy nhifin. khi k i t hp'p hai enzyme se ning eao dypc hifiu suit thuy phan nhd hifiu ung cOng hudng [8, 25, 27]. Enzyme cd ban chit endoprotease (Alcalase. Protamex. Neutrase...) se thuy phin c i c lien k i t peptide a bfin trong chuii polypeptid. Enzyme cd tinh exoprotease (flavourzyme, Corolase LAP..) thi cat cac lien kit df hai d i u tan ojng cua chudi polypeptide.
Cdc exoprotease d t d dau tan ciing cd nhdm carboxyl dupc gpi la carboxylpeptidase, c i c exopnatease c i t d dau t i n ciing cd nhdm amin 93* l i aminopeptidase [27].
Vific ket hpp hai protease se cd khi ning Wy phin tot hon so vdi su dyng dan protease vi tSc d^ffig aia cac protease xay ra tr&i nhilu vf fri khac nhau trong phin t> protein. Ban chat efia cic mgch nhanh oia axit amm d ben cgnh cftc 86n kit pepM cd inh hudng mgnh den hogt 0^ cua cic enz>Tne. Tr§n thyc te. cac protease
" ^ dgc hipu va ty lp nhung lifin k i t peptid trong mpt phin tCr protein bi be gay bdi mdt protease l i khdng cao. Vi dy, trypsin chi thiiy phan lien k i t peptid giua lysine va arginmine, frong khi chymotrypsin chf thily phan nhung K n k i t peptid giu-a tyrosine, phenylalanine, tWtophan. Thfim chi, chymosin chi thuy
So 4/2015
phan lien k i t peptid giua Phe105-Met106 ciia kappa-casein [27].Be nang cao hifiu suit thuy phan cung nhu chit Iuang cua san pham thu dupc, nhilu cdng trinh nghifin ciru da su- dyng k i t hap hai enzyme protease va thudng dupc tiln hinh theo hai giai doan. Enzyme cd ban chit endoprotease dugc su dyng d giai dogn dau va sau dd bo sung exoprotease cho giai doan sau.
Chuc nang chfnh cua endoprotease tgo ra mdt lu'p'ng Idn c i c chudi peptid cd dau -C v i d i u -N ty do de tao dilu kien cho c i c exoprotease hoat dgng [3. 26, 27] Vi du. khi Alcalase (endoprotease) dugc k i t hpp vdi Flavourzyme (protease cd ca tinh chat endoprotease va exoprotease, nhung tinh chit exoprotease trpi han) thi Alcalase duac cho v i o trudc, sau do mdi thiiy phan bing Flavourzyme se tang hipu qua ciia qua trinh thuy phan, hifiu suit qua trinh chilt rut v i chat lupng sin phim [3, 26], Tuy nhifin, mdt so nghifin cuu lgi dya trfin ca sd thyc nghifim nhu chit lupng san pham (mau sic, miii vj cua san phim), dd an t o i n cua enzyme sir dyng, hifiu qua cua q u i trinh thuy phan de chpn c i p enzyme thfch hap Igi kit hpp hai protease cd ciing ban chit endoprotease nhu Alcalase kit hpp vdi Protamex [16],
2 2. Phuong phap thu hdi hdn hgp caroten-protein tir phe li$u torn
2 2.1 Phuong phip thu hdi bing pH d i n g difin (pl)
Phuang phip nay thudng dupc sir dyng de kit tua protein hoa tan trong dung djch Khi difin tfch cua protein bing khong (tgi pH = pl), Idp v6 hydrate ben ngoai bi pha vd. c i c phin ti> protein tgp hap lai vdi nhau hinh thinh k i t tua. Sau dd. chung cd kha nang trd v l dgng phin tLF protein hoa tan m i v l n giu- dupc hogt tfnh smh hpc va cau tnic phan tCr khi logi bd t i c nhan gay k i t tua. Tuy nhien, hifiu qua kmh t l cua phuang phap nay khdng cao do thdi gian kit tua lau. hifiu suit thu hoi thap va chi phi cao [5, 6].
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2.2.2. Phuang phap thu hoi bang xu ly nhifitPhuang phap nay cho phep thu h i i k i t toa triet de trong tho'i gian ngan v i ft gay d nhilm mdi trud-ng, tuy nhifin chi phi nang lup-ng cho q u i trinh gia nhiet cao. Tui- thudc tirng loai protein, nhiet dp biln tinh, cudng dp va thdi gian khic nhau se quyit djnh muc dp bien tinh va hieu qua thu hoi. Khi nhifit dd tang thi mu-c dd biln tinh tang. Tuy nhien, khi gia nhiet d dilm dang dien (p!) thi tua k i t protein Igi nhanh han [5, 6].
2.2.3. Phuang phap thu hoi bang polyme (chitosan)
Chitosan la mpt chat keo ty. tgo bdng t i t v i ung dyng cd hipu q u i trong vific thu hoi cac chat huu CO trong nudc, dac bifit la protein.
Phan tii- chitosan cung cd k h i nang h i p phy, tgo c i u noi d l iien k i t c i c hgt keo protein da k i t tua thinh cac phan tu cd kich thudc Idn han v i ling xuing. Chitosan c6 dp deacetyl hda cing cao thi cing thufin Ipi d l thu hoi protein hda tan han. Luu y. khi nong dp chitosan tang, s6 dipn ciing dau tren b l mgt cua phan tu protein tang Ifin, d i n d i n sy tang lyc day tTnh difin giua chung do dd can trd q u i trinh keo ty v i sa ling cua c i c phin tu- protein. Phuang phip n i y cd nhieu uu diem nhu- khdng gay biln tinh. khdng dfic hgi. him lupng SLP dyng chitosan khdng Idn nhung hifiu qua thu nh|n caroten-protein lai cao [5. 6].
3. u l m nang ung dgng
Trudc day. c h l phim caroten-protein dupc thu hoi v i che biln thi>c an chan nudi [2, 21]. Hifin nay, c h l phim caroten-protein ngiy c^ng dupc quan t i m su- dyng ti-ong thyc pham. d i e bifit trong c h l bien thyc pham chuc nang. Thanh phan dinh dudng trong c h l pham caroten-protein nhu carotenoid, protein mgch ngan (peptid), c i c axit amin gdp phin tgo mSu v i mill trong cdng nghfi c h l biln tiiyc phim.
Trong dd, carotenoid sau khi dugc tinh c h l cd hoat tinh chong oxy hda tot nfin dupc irng dyng nhilu trong nginh y dugc va my pham [1.12, 18].
Ngoii ra. carotenoid cung dLpgc dCing trong cdng nghifip thyc p h i m do chung cd k h i nang chong oxy hda. ktt^ thlch h$ Uiong miln djch.
kfch thfch tang kha n i n g sinh tru-d-ng v i sinh san. Nd cdn c6 t h l giijp l i m g i i m stress va ngin ngCra mOt so b§nh ttioii hda cff t h l nhu chu-ng xa viia dpng mgch, ung thu va cdc b$nh v l m i t [10,14,17,19. 22](Britton, 1995 #286).
Protein cQng l i mpt chat dinh du&ng tot d n duac quan t i m thu hoi. Han nua, carotenoid va protein nam trong phuc carotenoprotein se ben vu-ng han so vdi dgng dan Ifi [12,23]. C h l pham caroten-protein dupc sii- dung b l sung v i o hdn hgp thuc an cho c^ hoi h i p dan v i t i t han so vd-i vi$c chf s u dyng carotenoid t y do [21].
ill. K^T LUAN
Phuo-ng p h i p hda hpc tuy cho phfip tach chiet trifit de lugng protein nhung Igi l i m biln m i u carotenoid v i chat thai hda hpc cda q u i trinh thu hoi gay d nhilm mdi truo'ng. Phuang phip sinh hpc cho s i n pham thu h l l protein v i carotenoid trong phij-c hgp carotenoprotein nen rat b i n mau nhung hifiu suit thu hoi c h l phim thip han v i gia thanh cao do sO- dyng enzyme. D l n i n g cao chat lupng c h l p h i m caroten-protein tip phe lieu tom thu hoi cd hogt tinh sinh hpc v i hifiu suit thu cao, tiiy muc dfch img dyng s i n phim thu h i i chung ta cd t h l lya chpn phuang phip XLP ly sinh hpc SLP dyng dan hay k i t hgp hai enzyme cd ban c h i t endo- v i exo-protease hay k i t hgp phuang phip xi> 1^
hoa hpc va sinh hpc nhim myc dich t i n g kha nang thu h i i s i n phim vdi chit lugng cao giim thieu sy hu hdng c i c hogt chit sinh hpc v i o nhilm mdi trudng. Phuang phip k i t hgp hda hpc V i Sinh hpc hogc k i t hgp hai protease cd bSn chit endo- v i exo- cd t h l c i i thifin dupc nhugc ^ l m so vdi tirng phuang phdp Z ^ S i ' ^ ' ' ^ " «-ten-protein dugc t i c h chilt b i n g cac phuang phip k i t h^p ^ Chit lugng «,o, cd t h l ung dyng trong cdng ngh0 san xult tht>c i n chin nudi cfino nnha c h l biln thyc phim, y dugc v i my phim 148 • TRUONG DAI HOC NHA TRANG
t TgpchiKhoahoc-CSmtahiThiysdn TAI UtV THAM K H A O
liing Vifr
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Trang Si Trung, Pham Thi Dan Phupng, Nguyin Cong Minh. va Ngo Thanh Linh. 2009. Kit hpp il xi 16 hing axit fonmc de nang cao hieu qua qui trinh san xuit chitin hr phi lieu lom Tap chi Khoa hpc Cong nshe Thuv san,4,31 -38 o e * j Trang SiTning, Vii Ngpc Bpi, va Pham Th. Dan Phuang. 2007 Nghien cuu ket hpp enzyme protease Irong cong ngh? sSn xuat chitin tir phe heu dau vo torn. Tap chi Khoa hpc Cong nghe Thiiy san, 3. M - 17 TiingAnh
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