Kinh nghiem Han Quoc va Trung Quoc trong phat trien kinh te so - Mot so bai hoc cho Viet Nam
Pham Thi T u d n g Van'*'
Tom tat: Phdt trien kinh te so la sir dung cong nghe sd vd dir lieu di tao ra nhirng md hinh kinh doanh mdi, sdn phdm, dich vu sd hoac hd tra cung cdp dich vu s6 cho doanh nghiep, vdi su hgi tu logt cdng nghe mdi trong bdi cdnh Cdch mgng Cdng nghiep Idn thii tu (CMCN 4.0). Trong nen kinh te so, cdc doanh nghiep se ddi mdi quy trinh sdn xudt, kinh doanh sang md hinh theo hi sinh thdi. lien kit tir khdu sdn xudt, thuong mgi din tieu diing... vd gop phdn tang ndng sudt lao dgng. Ddy Id con dudng nhiiu qudc gia trong khu vuc dd thuc hien khd thdnh cdng md Viet Nam cd the hgc hdi. Bdi viit bdn vi kinh nghiem phdt trien kinh te sd cua Han Qudc vd Trung Quoc, tir do rut ra mot sd bdi hgc cho Viet Nam trong phdt trien iTnh vuc ndy.
Tir khda: Kinh te sd, Chinh phii dien tir, Kinh nghiem qudc te, Cach mang Cdng nghiep lan thii tu, Han Qudc, Tmng Qudc
Abstract: Digital economy has given rise to a number of new business models providing digital products and services or service support for businesses, thanks to a range of new technologies in the context of the Fourth Industiial Revolution (Industry 4.0). In particular, businesses renovate production and business processes into ecosystem models in which production, trade and consumption are linked together, which also leads to labor productivity growth. The success of international models can be a lesson for Vietnam. The paper discusses the digital economy of South Korea and China, from which offers some recommendations for Vietnam.
Keyword: Digital Economy, E-govemment, Intemational Experiences, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, South Korea, China
Dat van de san xuat. Cdn d Viet Nam, cd the hieu don Kinh te sd cd le khdng cdn xa la d Viet gian, phat trien kinh le sd la sir dung cong Nam, tuy nhien khai niem nay vdn cdn gay nghe so va dir lieu de tao ra nhung md hinh nhi^u tranh cai. Theo ADB (2018), kinh tk kinh doanh mdi (Trdn Luu, 2020).
so la cac boat ddng kinh te sii dung thong Sd di kinh xk s6 trd thanh chu de dugc tin va kien thiic sd hda lam yiu td chinh ciia quan tam Idn cua xa hgi la vi kit qua dot pha ma nd mang lai neu mgt quoc gia thuc n r s . . Vien Chi^n luac va Chinh sach t^i chinh, Bo ^ ^ " "^"^ ^""^ 'i^"?'^" ^^' ' ° } ^ ^ ''^"^•
Tai chinh; Email' [email protected] ^^^ vay, kinh te SO la CO SO nen tang giiip
ThOng hn Khoa hoc xa hOI. so 7 tcto chiing ta trien khai, ling dung thanh tyu
khoa hgc cdng nghe mdi. cai thien hieu qua va hieu nang lam \iec. tao ra co hdi kinh doanh mdi. tir dd tao ra bude nhay vgt trong mgi boat dgng kinh tl - xa hdi.
Theo nghien curu cua Google va Temasek (Singapore) (2019), kinh l l sd cua \'iet Nam dat khoang 3 ly' USD nam 2015. tang len 9 ty USD nam 2018 \ a dy bao dat 30 ty USD vao nam 2025 (Theo: Davis. Sain et al., 2019). Trong khi dd. mgt nghien cihi khac cua Td chiie Data 61 (Oc) cho thiy.
GDP Viet Nam cd the tang them khoang 162 ty IISD trong 2(1 nam niu chuyen ddi so thanh cdng (Cameron A. Pham T H, et.
al, 2019). Cd the ndi, xay dung nen kinh te sd cd tiem nang se mang lai eho Viet Nam nhieu lgi ich to Idn ve phat trien kinh te.
Tuy nhien. d mgt chieu hudng khac, cd the thay Viet Nam cdn mgt khoang each kha Idn so vdi cae qudc gia phdt trien cd san tiem lyc khoa hgc cdng nghe manh. Chinh vi vay, chuyen ddi sd trd thanh thach thiic va mgt nhiem vu can phai hoan thanh sdm cua kinh te Viet Nam. Do dd, viec hge hdi, tham khao kinh nghiem cua cac qudc gia da dat dugc nhirng thanh tyu dang ke trong phat trien nen kinh te sd se mang lai nhung bai hgc gia tri cho qua trinh trien khai thuc hien chuyen ddi sd ciia Viet Nam, trong dd Tmng Qudc va Han Qudc la hai vi du dien hinh trong khu vye.
1. Kinh nghiem cua Han Quoc a) Su quyit tdm cao. nhdt qudn vi mat chit tnrong. chinh sdch cimg vdi su kiin tri, tinh k}' lugt trong thuc hien cdc ke hogch phdt trien ddi hgn vd tuan tu
Han Qudc dat dugc thanh cdng trong phat trien kinh te sd nhu hien nay la nhd vao sy no lyc cua Chinh phu trong viec thyc hien quyet liet va ben bi, tir thiet lap nin tang ha ling, nang cao trinh do khoa
hgc edng nghe den day manh cac ho^t dgnS ddi mdi sang tao, trong dd bao gdm ca Na>
dyng hanh lang phap ly \'a nang cao k5*
nang ngudi dimg.
Tmdc hit, d l \ a \ dyng co sd ha tang thdng tin qudc gia, Chinh phu Han Qudc da triin khai dy an diu lien "He thong thdng tin CO ban qude gia" (1987-1996) vdi muc tieu tdng eudng \ a thuc day sir dung rgng rai hon cac mang may linh. Dir an "Ca sd ha ting thdng tin Han Qudc" dugc trien khai ndm 1995 vdi mgt sd muc lieu nhu t^o ra dudng true qudc gia tdc do cao, khuyen khich hoat ddng nghien eim. phat trien. phat minh. sang kien, giai phap ve edng nghe thdng tin, trong dd thue day quan he ddi lac cdng tir va ed nhiing chinh sach khuyen khich doanh nghiep lang cuong sii dung cdng nghe thdng tin va thuc hien khoan dau tu ket ndi he thdng. Tiep dd, Chinh phu day manh viec irng dung tin hgc vao cac boat ddng ciia nen kinh le nhu trien khai "Ke hoach khung qudc gia ve xiic tien tin hgc"
(nam 1996) vdi eae ke hoach hang nam cho Chinh phii dien tir va giao due. Ddng thdi, Chinh phu ban hanh Dao luat xuc tien tin hgc de tao dung hanh lang phap ly cho viec trien khai thuc hien cac k l hoach de ra (Huibo Zhong, Jiasu Lei, 2017).
Nam 2002, Chinh phu Han Qudc de ra chuong trinh xuc tien tin hgc tdng the tam nhin 2006 vdi nhieu nhiem vu dugc dat ra, dd la: (1) nang cao kha nang sir dung edng nghe thdng tin cua mgi edng dan de chu ddng tham gia vao xa hgi thdng tin;
(ii) lang cuong kha nang canh tranh loan ciu cua nen kinh le bang each thiic day fin hge hda trong lit ea cac nganh cdng nghiep;
(iii) hien thuc hda cau tnic chinh phu thdng minh vdi tinh minh bach cao va nSng suit thdng qua nhihig no luc dien tir hda; (iv) u d thanh mgt nha lanh dao trong x3 hgi
Kinh nghiem IJAn Qudc. 13 thdng lin loan cau bing each ddng vai trd
quan trgng trong hgp tac qudc te (Ministry of Information and Communication, 2002).
Sau khi dat dugc kit qua nhit dinh trong viee xay dyng nen kinh te sd, Han Qudc tap tmng diy manh nghien ciiu phat tiien va ling dung cac cdng nghe tien tien hien dai bac nhit vdi " K I hoach tdng the thdng lin qudc gia" (2008-2015). K I hoaeh nay da dinh hudng cho viec trien khai mot loat ke hoach chi tiet ve phat trien cdng nghe thdng tin nhu: (i) Chien luge qudc gi^
ve cdng nghe thong tin xanh; (ii) Ke hoach toan dien de t^o thuan IM cho dien toan dam may; (iii) Chien luge siic manh ciia phan mem vdi tuyen bd thiet ke phan mem la chia khda nang cao nang luc canh tranh quoc gia va cdng nghiep; (iv) Ke hoach tdng the thiet lap co sd ha tang IP-USN...
(World Bank, 2016).
b) Khdng ngimg ddu tu cho chdt lugng hg tdng Internet
Theo Akamai (2013), trong giai doan 2007-2013 Han Quoc la qudc gia dung dau ve tdc do kel ndi Intemet tmng binh, theo sau la Nhat Ban, Ha Lan, Hong Kong, Thuy ST, Cgng hda Sec, Thuy Dien, Latvia va My. Dac biet, Han Quoc cd su nang cap nhanh chdng ttong giai doan nay so vdi cac quoe gia cdn lai khi tdc do ket noi trung binh tai quy IV/2007 chi la 10,1 megabit moi giay (Mbps) thi den quy IV/2013 da dat 21,9 Mbps, cao hon nhieu so vdi nude xip thu hai la Nhat Ban (tuong ling la 7,3 Mbps va 12,8 Mbps). Ngoai ra, ty le kit ndi bang thdng rgng (>10 Mbps) trong tdng so kit ndi dat t\- le cao (ehiem 71% trong quy lV/2013), va chi sd nay d nude xIp thir hai la Nh^l Ban ehi vao khoang 47%. Cd thi ndi, Han Qudc dat duge kit qua nay la nho vao viec tich cue sir dung cdng nghe tien tiin ttong tmy cap Internet.
Ket qua khao sat cua OECD (2017) eiing cho thay, tir giira nam 2013 cd ldi 62,8% kel noi bang thdng rgng cd day ciia Han Qudc dugc thyc hien bang each sir dung cap quang. Hon nua, miic do phd bien va cap nhat cdng nghe mdi cua Han Qudc ciing rat dang quan tam. Theo bao eao eiia WEF (2014) tai thdi diim quy IV/2013, Han Qudc la nude co ty le ket ndi di ddng dugc thyc hien bang giao thiie cdng nghe di ddng the he ihii lu (LTE) Idn nhat tren the gidi, len tdi 51% (tiep theo la Nhat Ban va My vdi khoang 20%) (Theo: Jong-Seo Kim, 2014). Dieudac biet d cho, Han Quoc mdi chi gidi thieu LTE vao nam 2011, cham hon nhieu nude nhu Na Uy, Thuy Dien, My, Nhat Ban..., dieu nay cho thay toe do phat trien, ddi mdi sang tao ve cdng nghe ciia Han Qudc ludn thugc nhdm nude dung diu thi gidi. Nam 2013, nha khai thac SK Telecom cua Han Quoc da trien khai mang LTE cai tien (LTE-Advanced) cho phep nhan ddi bang thdng (len tdi 150 Mbps) so vdi LTE (Talar, Joanna, 2014). He thdng mang nay ciing khdng ngimg duge cai tien va dat ra muc lieu Idn hon trong phat trien cdng nghe.
Tham vgng gan day nhat eiia Chinh phu Han Quoc la chien luge di ddng 5G, mgt kl hoach chi tiet tai ttg cho boat ddng nghien curu va phat ttien (R&D), tao ra co sd ha tang thuong mai cho the he thii nam eua Intemet di dgng (5G) tmdc nam 2020.
Day la dy an thi hien su no lyc chung tay cua ca Chinh phu va khdi doanh nghiep tu nhan, ttong dd Chinh phu du kien se dau tu khoang 1,5 ty USD (Je Myung Ryu, Kay Kim, 2020).
c) Quan tdm tdi ndng cao ndng luc su dung cong nghe thdng tin cua nguai ddn
Chinh phu Han Qudc da chii trgng dau tu cho hoat dgng giao due nham nang cao
Thdng Hn Khoa hpc xt hOI sd 7 2020 nhan thiic va ky nang su dung Internet ndi
chung cho ngudi dan. Chang han nhu du an giao due Intemet cho 10 trieu ngudi dan thdng qua viec cung cap co sd ha tang Internet eho cac trudng hgc giai doan 1996- 2000 de tao ra he thdng phat thanh giao due nhSm cung cap ehuong trinh phat thanh giao due tren nen lang Intemet. Ben canh do, Chinh phii cung cap nhieu chuong trinh hgc bdng va lien ket hgc tap d cac nude tien tiin, dac biet hi M>. nhim khuyen khich nhieu nguoi tham gia hgc lap ve ITnh vye nay 6 nude ngoai. Ket qua la, sau khi dugc dao lao trd ve, nhiing ngudi nay da cd ddng gdp va anh hudng nhit dinh den sy phat Uien cua Han Qudc, nhu md ra ehuyen nganh mdi, gidi thieu nganh cdng nghiep mdi va dan dat cac dy an phat trien quan trgng. Them vao do, Chinh phu cdn cd nhieu boat ddng, chuong trinh nham nang eao ndng lye, ky nang sir dung cdng nghe thdng tin ttong giao due nhu: Ho ttg va phat ttien saeh giao khoa ky thuat sd;
Giao due an ninh mang va chiing nhan chQ ky dien tir; Tang eudng hgp tac loan cau de sir dung cdng nghe thdng tin ttong giao due; Hoat dgng cua Tnmg tam quan ly chat lugng hgc tap dien tir qudc gia... Ngoai ra, Chinh phii cd chinh sach mien phi giao due cdng nghe thdng tin cho nhung ngudi it cd CO hdi tiep xuc vdi cdng nghe thdng tin (ngudi ndi trg, binh linh, ngudi cao tudi, ngudi khuyet tat va tham chi la lu nhan) (Talar, Joanna, 2014).
d) Tich cue hudng img ddy mgnh sd hoa nen kinh ti trong viec xdy dung Chinh phu dien tir
Chinh phu Han Qudc da nhan thay dirge tam quan trgng cua tin hgc hda hanh chinh tir rat sdm. Trai qua nhieu giai doan xay dung co sd ha tang he thdng thdng tin, din nam 2001. Chinh phu da ban hanh Luat
Chinh phu dien tii. Cho den nay. Han Qudc da budc dau thanh cdng ttong \ iec ling dung cdng nghe thdng tin ttong boat dgng hanh chinh va tao ra nen tang tieh hgp cung cap dich vu d tat ca cac cap chinh qu\ en Ben canh do. Chinh phii da \a> dung he thdng dii lieu Idn de eung c i p cho cdng chung nhiing thdng tin v l viec lam va cac chuong trinh phue lgi xa hdi. Ngoai ra, Chinh phii cdn sii dung eae kenh dien thoai, mang xa hgi d l tdng eudng thdng tin va luong tac vdi ngudi dan ve cung cap dieh vu cdng (Lee, 2016).
2. Kinh nghiem ciia Trung Quoc Trung Qudc la qudc gia hang dau ve thuong mai dien tii va thanh loan ky thuat so. Nam 2017, gia tri giao djeh thuong mai dien tii cua Tmng Qudc da ehiem hon 40%
tdng gia tri giao djeh toan cau va udc tinh Idn hon Phap, Due, Nhat Ban, Anh va My gdp lai, trong khi ly le nay d thap ky tmdc chi hon 1%. Dieu nay eho thay kha nang hap thu edng nghe cua Tmng Qude la rat Idn. Ty le ngudi thuc hien thanh loan di dgng tren tdng sd nhirng ngudi sir dung Intemet tai Tmng Qudc da tang nhanh chdng, tir 25% nam 2013 len 68% nam 2016. Tdng thanh loan di dgng tinh rieng cho tieu diing ca nhan tai Tmng Qudc nam 2016 la khoang 790 ty USD, cao gap 11 lin My (Mckinsey Global Institiie, 2017).
So vdi cac nude khae tren the gidi, Trung Qudc cd lgi the Idn d quy md thi tmdng. N I U xet tren khia canh thay ddi, lao lap thdi quen lieu diing tren dien rgng thi day lai la mgt thach thue Idn ddi vdi nhieu nude, nhung Tmng Qudc da thanh cdng.
Kit qua nay phu thugc vao nhiiu yiu td, nhung tren hit la do Chinh phu Tmng Qudc da tao dugc mdi tmdng thuan lgi ho ttg nha cung cip djeh vu sd; Chinh "phu ddng vai ttd tieh cyc ttong xay dung he thong co sd
Kinh nght^m l)tn Qudc.. 15 ha tang tien tiin hien dai bac nhat de ho ttg
qua ttinh sd hda nin kinh te vdi nhieu vai tto khac nhau nhu nha phat trien, nha dau tu va khach hang.
a) Tgo diiu ki^n thugn lai cho doanh nghiep trong xdy dung hdnh lang phdp ly
Chinh phu Tmng Qude khuyin khich eac nha sang che, nha kinh doanh dau tu vao ITnh vye cdng nghe sd bang each danh mgt khoang thdi gian nhat dinh giup doanh nghiep thii nghiem va hoan thien dich vu ttudc khi Chinh phu ap dung quy dinh phap luat dieu chinh cu the. Chang han, Chinh phii chi dua ra quy dinh miic Iran ve gidi ban chuyen khoan sau 11 nam Alipay gidi thieu chuyen tien true tuyen (nam 2005);
nam 2010, Chinh phii dua ra yeu cau ve giay phep kinh doanh dich vu thanh toan cua ben thii ba sau 7 nam Taobao - trang wed mua sdm tryc tuyen Ion nhat cua Tmng Qudc, thuc hien giao dich thanh toan online diu tien (nam 2003); nam 2016, Chinh phii ban hanh cac quy dinh tieu chuan cho dich vu thanh toan dya vao ma vach sau 5 nam Alipay ttien khai loai hinh nay (nam 2011) (Mckinsey Global Instilue, 2017).
Mat khac, Chinh phii Tning Qude dan hoan thien hanh lang phap ly nham bao ve quyen lgi cua nha cung cap dich vy sd qua viec that chat che tai ttong van de quyen sd hiiu tri tue. Mgt cugc khao sal nam 2010 cho thay, van de vi pham ban quyen da dan den khoan Id khoang 15 ty USD ttong ITnh vye phan mem d Trung Quoc (Din theo:
Mckinsey Global Institiie, 2017). Tuy nhien, Trung Qudc da nd lye day manh viec.
md tda an ehuyen vl sd hflu tti tue d BSe Kinh, Quang Chau va Thugng Hai, diiu nay da dan giup dinh hinh thi tmdng ky thuat sd lanh manh hem va viec tuan thii cac quy tic ve sd hiiu tri tue da dugc cai tiiien dang ke.
b) Hd trg qud trinh so hda nin kinh ti vdi nhieu vai tro khdc nhau
Chinh phii Tnmg Qudc khdng chi dimg lai d vai tto ngudi quan ly ma cdn tham gia vao qua trinh thuc day sd hda nen kinh le vdi nhieu \ai ttd khac nhau. Trude het, de khuyen khieh sd hda nin kinh tl, Chinh phu da tien phong trong viec tich cyc ling dung, van dung nhiing cdng nghe tien lien nhat tten the gidi vao cac boat ddng quan ly, van hanh, cung cip dich vu cdng ciia Nha nude. Cu thi, nam 2015 Chinh phu da ban hanh ke hoach ehi tiet de tich hgp Intemet, dien toan dam may, do lieu Ion va Intemet van vat vdi cac nganh cdng nghiep san xuat va tieu dimg tmyen thong. Theo do, eac co quan ciia Chinh phu la nhiing ngudi hudng irng di dau. Thang 6/2017, thanh phd Thugng Hai da khai truong cdng thdng tin dien tii dau tien, trong dd tich hgp cac cdng ty thuong mai dien tir cung cap hau can, phan tich dii lieu, dich vu tai chinh va phap ly lien quan...; tinh Chiet Giang tien hanh chay cac chuong trinh thi diem de trien khai tien ieh tryc tuyen cua the an sinh xa hdi cho phep cdng dan thanh toan bao hiem y te qua Intemet va dien thoai di ddng...
(Inderjeet Singh Sodhi, 2016).
Tiep theo, vdi vai ttd la nha dau tu, Chinh phu Tmng Qude hd ttg tai chi'nh cho cae du an phat trien cdng nghe sd hay ling dung cac edng nghe sd hien dai tien tiin. Tir nam 2016, Uy ban Cai each va Phat ttiin Quoc gia Trung Qudc, co quan hoach dinh chien luge phat trien kinh te cua Chinh phii da cdng bd ke hoaeh hanh dgng ba nam ciia Tri tue nhan tao Intemet Plus, cho phep cac co quan thugc Chinh phu cd the cap kinh phi cho eac du an lien quan ldi kl hoach tir ngan sach do chinh quyin tmng uong va dja phuong kiem
16 ThOng Hn Khoa h«?c xt hOi. sO 7 2020 soat. Ke hoach hudng den xay dyng he
sinh thai tri tue nhan tao, bao gdm thiet hi gia dung thdng minh, d td thdng minh va thiet bi dau cudi thdng minh Ngoai ra, Chinh phu ciing dinh hudng khuyen khieh cac ca nhan. doanh nghiep khdi nghiep \ a ddi mdi sang tao qua cac hinh thiie uu dai khau trii thue, tiep can cac quy khdi nghiep cua Nha nude. Nhieu chinh quyen thanh phd ciing hudng ling bing viec day manh thanh lap cac vudn uom va cung cap khoan tai ttg tai chinh Idn cho doanh nghiep khdi nghiep. Thang 8/2016, Chinh phu da phe duyet viec thanh lap mgt quJ dau tu mao hiem tri gia 30 ly USD thugc sd hiiu nha nuoc d Tham Quyen. noi cd nhieu cdng ty khdi nghiep sang tao trong ITnh vuc ky thuat sd. Tmng Qudc cdn tham vgng xay dimg mang di dgng 5G Idn nhat the gidi
\di ke hoach tti gia 180 ty USD dugc thyc hien bdi eac cdng ty vien thdng nha nude la China Mobile, China Unicom va China Telecom (CBN, 2019).
Cudi cimg, vdi vai ttd la ngudi sang tao, Chinh phu di dau ttong nghien ciiu cdng nghe mdi hd ttg qua ttinh sd hda nen kinh tl. Trung Qudc da phdng thanh cdng Micius, ve tinh lugng tir bao mat cao dau tien tten the gidi. Neu edng nghe nay ed the dugc ttien khai thuong mai hda, Tmng Qudc cd kha nang cung cap Intemet nhanh nhat va an toan nhat the gidi, gdp phan quan ttgng lao nen tang cho phat ttien cac dieh vu s6 (BBC News. 2016).
3. Bai hoc cho Viet Nam
Theo tinh than Nghi quyet sd 52-NQ/
TW ngay 27/9/2019 cua Bg Chinh tri v l mgt sd chu truong, chinh sach chu ddng tham gia CMCN 4.0, Viet Nam da dat ra nhieu muc tieu cho giai doan 2025-2045.
Theo dd, din ndm 2045 Viet Nam ttd thanh mgt ttong nhiing trung tam san xuat va dieh
Ml thdng minh, tmng tam khdi nghiC'P- '^^^' mdi sang tao thugc nhdm dan dau khu ^V^
chau A; cd nSng suat lao ddng cao, cd du nang luc lam chu va ap dung cdng ngh?
hien dai ttong tit ca cac linh vye kinh te - xa hgi, mdi trudng, qudc phdng, an ninh.
D l dat dugc diiu nay, Viet Nam can thay ddi nhan thue v l kinh t l so. cung \ di quyet tam cao, chu tmong, chinh sach nhat quan theo hudng tao thuan lgi cho doanh nghiep, tang eudng dau tu eo sd ha tang, nang cao nang luc sii dung cdng nghe va thuc day manh me Chinh phu dien tii. Vdi luong ngudi diing Internet va dien thoai thdng minh ddng dao, do bao phu cua ha tang Intemet va vien thdng tuong ddi rgng khap, mae dii Viet Nam cd nhieu tiem nang phat triCn nen kinh te sd nhung ciing phai ddi mat vdi khdng it tiiach thue nhu van de v l hanh lang phap ly, ha ting cdng nghe va ngudn nhan lyc phat trien kinh te sd. Tren CO sd nhimg phan tich, thuc lien ciia Han Qudc va Trung Qudc neu tren, chiing tdi dua ra mgt sd ham y chinh sach nhim thuc diy phat trien kinh te sd d Viet Nam trong bdi canh CMCN 4.0 nhu sau:
Mgt la ban hdnh chien luge long the vi chuyen ddi so. Kinh nghiem Han Qudc cho thay sd hda nen kinh te la mgt nhiem vu vd eung phiic tap, do dd de trien khai viec nay mgt each kha thi va hieu qua ddi hdi nhiiu yeu Id nen tang nhu he thdng CO so ha ting thdng tin, kha ndng hap thu khoa hgc cdng nghe, boat dgng ddi mdi sang lao, hanh lang phap ly eung nhu kha nang tiep can va sir dung edng nghe thdng tin cua ngudi dimg. Chinh vi vay, trude hit Viet Nam cin nhanh chdng hoan thien va ban hanh k l hoaeh qudc gia ve ehuyin ddi sd nhim xay dung Ig trinh thyc hien cung nhu muc lieu cu the, hgp ly cho timg giai doan.
Kmh nght^m T)dn Qudc...
Hai la ddu lu ndng cao chdt lugng co sd hg tdng Internet. Nang cao chat lugng ha lang Intemet la ca so nen tang quan trgng khdng ehi nang cao trai nghiem eua ngudi diing ma nd cdn quyet dinh kha nang dap ling cho viec trien khai nhieu hon cac tien ieh, ling dung sd hay ap dung cac cdng nghe tien tien hien dai cua the gidi trong cac hoat ddng cua nen kinh te.
Vi vay, trong thdi gian tdi eo quan quan ly nha nude can tiep tuc day manh phdi hgp chat che va ho trg tai ehinh cho cac nha cung cap dich vu Internet trien khai nang cap dong bg va hieu qua ha tang Intemet, tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho qua trinh chuyen ddi sd cua nen kinh te.
Ba la xdy dung hdnh lang phdp ly linh hogt vira tgo diiu kien thugn lgi cho cdc nhd cung cdp dich vu so, vita bdo vi quyen lgi ciia hg trdnh viphgm bdn quyen.
Viee tao hanh lang phap ly de kiem soat eac dich vu sd la can thiet de dam bao sy quan ly cua nha nude tranh hanh vi pham phap. true lgi. Tuy nhien, viec xay dyng va ban hanh quy dinh can cd su linh boat, dya tren tinh than khuyen khich, tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho doanh nghiep trien khai cac dich vu so moi. Ben canh dd, can that chat quy dinh, co che kiem soat, giam sat viee tuan thii quyen sd hiiu tti tue de dam bao quyen lgi ciing rJiu khich le doanh nghiep tich eye day manh doi mdi sang tao trong san xuat kinh doanh.
Bon Id ndng cao ^ ndng su dung cong nghe thdng tin cua ngudi dung. Chuyin ddi kinh te sd la sy ehuyin ddi tten loan bg nin kinh te qudc gia, do dd ben canh viec thyc hien phat ttien co sd ha ting, nang cao ttinh do khoa hgc cdng nghe, can ddng thdi thuc hien nang eao ky nSng sir dung cdng nghe thdng tin cua ngudi dan. Chinh phu can cd chuong ttinh de ho ttg giao due cdng nghe
thdng tin eho tat ca cac ddi lugng ngudi dan. Dieu nay khdng chi giiip ngudi dan cd the tiep can va hudng thu thanh qua tiin bg ciia nen kinh te sd mang lai, d mgt khia canh khac, day eon la dgng luc cho su phat trien ciia eae nha sang tao, eung cap dich vu. Theo kinh nghiem eiia Han Qude, viec nay can thue hien s6m va mgt trong nhirng each hieu qua nhat la day manh ling dung cong nghe thdng tin trong boat ddng giao due, hd trg ve co sd ha ting Intemet tai cac tmdng hgc, tang cuong hgp tac qudc te de nang cao nang luc cdng nghe thdng tin trong giao due...
Ndm la Chinh phu, co quan qudn ly nhd nude cdn la ngudi di ddu trong vi^c img dung cong nghi thdng tin. Vdi vai trd trien khai thue hien cac chien luge ehuyin ddi sd nen kinh te, Chinh phii can the hien sy guong mau di dau ttong cugc each mang sd nay. Vi the, trong thdi gian tdi can day manh viee trien khai thuc bien xay dyng Chinh phii dien tir mgt each quyet liel va hieu qua hon vdi su ddng lam hiep lyc, sy phdi hgp ciia eac bg nganh trong he thdng quan ly nha nude.
Sdu la thiic ddy hogt dgng doi mdi sdng tgo. Chinh phu can cd chinh sach de khuyen khieh eac ca nhan va doanh nghiep khdi nghiep va ddi mdi sang tao trong ITnh vuc cdng nghe cao, cdng nghe thdng tin.
Tao dieu kien cho doanh nghiep cdng nghe tiep can cac quy khdi nghiep sang tao ciia Nha nude, hd ttg tai chinh, uu dai khau trir thul cho doanh nghiep dau tu ap dung cdng nghe thdng tin tien tien ttong boat dgng san xuat kinh doanh... la nhung chinh sach cd the xem xet thyc hien
Bdy Id thay doi nhdn thuc vi kinh te so. De boat dgng chuyen ddi so di vao cugc sdng va tiin ttinh chuyen doi dien ra nhanh chong va thuan lgi can day manh tuyen
18 ThOng Hn Khoa hoc xa hOI. sO 7 :;0-i tmyen, phd bien de tang eudng nhan thiic
cua ngudi dan va doanh nghiep. co quan, td chiic ve kinh te sd ca lgi ich cung nhu thaeh Ihiic di kem.
Ket luan
Budc vao thdi k\ diu cua euge CMCN 4.0, Viet Nam can phai cd cac qu> et dinh quan trgng ve chien luge phat trien kinh te va nen kinh te sd. Tir kinh nghiem eua cac qude gia di dau va manh ve kinh te so, edng nghe sd nhu Han Qudc. Tmng Qudc. Viet Nam cd the nit ra nhirng bai hgc va su can thiet de xay dyng duoc mgt chien liroc tdng the va cho limg giai doan; cung nhu xa\' dyng dugc mgt nen tang co sd ha tang vi- ky thuat sd va khung phap ly hoan chinh de ho trg eho doanh nghiep va ngudi dan. Ben canh dd, vai trd va Iinh tien phong ttong tiep can va van dung cdng nghe sd vao hoat dgng dieu hanh cua Chinh phii. cung nhu su iing hg cua Chinh phii de phat trien kinh te so se tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho Viet Nam cd the lam chu dugc nen kinh te sd, tir dd tao co hdi cho nen kinh te duy tri tang trudng nhanh va ben vimg trong giai doan phat trien tiep theo a
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