Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe m o
'NGHIEN Cl}U LU'A CHON CONG NGHE KHAI THAC CHEN LO Dircri CfiC CONG
T R J N H C A NOfiO
V E T R E N B EM0T
TAI CONG TY THAN HON GAI - TKV
Cai Da and Thanh Cong area belonging to Hon Gai Coal Company has owned a great coal reserves (about 16 6 million tons) under the surface objects needed to be protected, including the residential areas, civil constructions, high voltage transm isskin line towers, water bearing bottoms and working platforms.
The paper introduces the results from the research on the selection of the back filling methods applied to the above men- tioned for mining the coal reserves under the surface objects needed to be protected, ensuring the investment efficiency as well as the safety of the surface objects needed to be protected
KS. NGUYEN MINH T U Y E N Cdng ty than Hdn Gai - TKV
TS. ue BiPC NGUYEN KS. DLJ'aNGBO'CHAl Viin khoa hoc Cdng nghi Md- Vinacomin
Bien t$p: TS. Dao Hong Quang
Cdng ty than Hdn Gai -TKV duac giao quan ly 3 khu md than h i m Id trong dja phgn thdnh p h i Hg Long, bao gom md Thdnh Cdng, Gidp Khau vd Cdi Da (md Cao Thang). Theo k l hogch, khu md Giap Khiu dy kiln se k i t thuc khai thdc vdo ndm 2016, sau dd sesdt nhgp ve md Suli Lai, trong khi dd, didn khai thdc tgi cdc md Cai Od, Thdnh Cdng dang dan thu hpp. D l dap ipng yeu d u san luang trong thai gian tdi, Cdng ty dang trien khai cdc d y an md rpng nang cdng suit md, nhu 'Thilt ke duy tri vd md rpng ndng edng suit khai thac ham Id md Cdi Dd, khoang sdng Suoi Lgi, khu md Cao Thing" vd
"Khai thdc xuong sdu dudi mirc -75 md Thanh Cdng". Qua ddnh gid sa bO eho thiy, 35% tong trip luang than huy dpng trong cdc d y dn ndi tren, tuang irng, khoang 16,6 tripu tan ndm dudi cae doi tuang d n bao vp b l mgt, bao gom khu dan cu, cac cdng trinh ddn dyng, dudng dien cao t h i , moong eu chipa nudc va mgt bang sdn cdng nghiep md, duac de lai ldm try bao ve, khdng dua vdo quy hoach khai thae.
Tgi cdc nude cd n i n cdng nghiep than phdt triln tren t h i gidi nhu Nga, Ukraina, Ba Lan, Dipc vd Trung Quoc, edng nghg khai thae chen Id dd duac dp dyng rOng rdi tip kha sdm, nhdm cdc mye dich. Dilu khiln da vdch; Ngdn chgn syt liin, djeh ehuyen biln dgng eua cac tang dat dd ben trdn d l bao vp cdng trinh tren be mgt;
Khai thdc khdng de Igi tn^ bao ve d l tdn thu t i i da tdi nguydn than; Chen l i p khoang khdng gian
da khai thdc d l ngdn ngipa chdy npi sinh khi khai thac cae via than cd tinh ty ehay; Giam chi phi van chuyen dd thai tip cdng tdc ddo Id len be mat, dong thdi giam mu-e dO phdt thai tip cac qua trinh san xuat md ra mdi trudng xung quanh.
Nhd nhipng thdnh tuu trong nghien cuu ly thuylt eung nhu trong thyc tiln dp dyng cdng nghp khai thdc chen Id, cdc nudc da khai thde duae hang tram trieu tan than tip try bao ve eae edng trinh, doi tuang tren be mat nhu nhd cipa, edng trinh ddn dung vd cdng nghipp, c6ng trinh giao thdng van tai, d l i tuang chipa nudc. Cy t h i nhu:
Tgi Ba Lan, tip nam 1950 den nay, da khai thdc duac tren 2 ty tan than tip try bao vp cac edng trinh tren b l mat nhu thdnh phi, nhd mdy, khu cdng nghiep ,ld cao. Id luyen coc, v.v... bang edng nghe khai thdc chen Id, diln hinh trong dd la md than ham 16 Bobrek-Centrum (01 Id cha) khai thdc dudi thdnh pho Bytom, md Wujek (01 Id cha) khai thdc dudi khu dan eu Ligota tgi thdnh pho Katowice, md Wieczorek (02 Id cha) khai thdc dudi dudng eao t i c A4 vd md Staszie (01 16 cha) khai thdc dudi tuyen dudng sdt quoe gia Bielsko - Katowice. Tgi b l than Bihar (An DO) ndm dudi luu vyc sdng Damodar, ngudi ta da khai thdc duae tgp cdc via than day 5 -^ 7m, d dO sdu tip 50 -^ 500m bdng each dp dyng cae giai phap khai thdc chen Id todn phan stp dung vdt lieu chen Id dd xit thai. 0 Nhgt Ban, giai dogn nhu-ng nam 1980, da dp dyng edng nghp khai thac chen Id d l khai thdc than dudi day biln vdi
KHCNM S6S/20I5* CNKT HAM LO
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
san luang tip 13 -i-14 trieu tan/nam, v.v.
Kinh nghiem khai thdc bdng phuang phap chen Id tai nudc ngodi cho thiy, triln vpng dua vdo dp dyng mgt so sa do cdng nghe khai thdc Chen Id trong dieu kien cae vFa than nam dudi eae edng trinh can bao ve tren be mat eiia Cdng ty than Hdn Gai Id hodn todn ed ea sd, dam bdo hipu qua kinh te eung nhu an todn trong qua trinh khai thdc than.
Tip do, Cdng ty than Hdn Gai - TKV da hap tdc vdi Vipn Khoa hpc Cdng nghp Md - Vina- comin triln khai nghien cuu lya chpn edng nghp khai thae chen Id dk khai thae cae khu vyc vfa ndi tren.
Kit qua ddnh gid dgc dilm dilu kien d\a chat cac via than nam dudi cde cdng trinh be mat khai tnj-dng Cdi Dd vd Thdnh Cdng thuOe Cdng ty than Hdn Gai cho thiy, phan trip luang than d n khai thdc bdng cdng nghe chen Id duac phan ehia thanh 3 nhdm doi tuang ehinh, gom:
(1) khu vuc ddn cu; (2) cdc cdng trinh cdng nghiep ddn dyng, bao gom mgt bang san eong nghiep md va he thong dudng dipn cao the; (3) moong chira nudc cu. Ket qua ddnh gid sa bd chr ra ring, ting trQ" luang dja chit trong cdc tnj than bao vp cua Cdng ty than Hdn Gai id 16.612 nghin tan, trong dd, khu vyc Cdi Dd Id 4.636 nghin t i n ehilm 28%; khu vue Thanh Cdng la
16000
14000 IS J3000
c *•
•n
^ 10000 8000
1.1 es 2 . 7 7 8 ^ —
11.976 nghin t i n , chi^m 72%. Tuy nhien, trO lifong c6 kha nSng huy dOng vao khai thSc la 15.015 nghin tlin (chiem 90%), c6n khoang 1.597 nghin tSn khong du'O'C huy aOng do nam trong o4c try bao v$ c6 kich thudc, trO iuong nho hole nam rai rac kho o6 kha nang kit n6i voi he thong cac dyong io ohuin b| chung cua mo. Trong do, tru' iyong than chu yeu nam trong tru bao v0 khu dan cu khoang 10,1 trieu tan, chiem 67%, tiep theo ia tru iuong than nam duoi he thong duong di#n cao the khoang 3,1 trieu tan. chiem 21 %.
PhSn tich trO iyong than n l m trong try bao v§ cong trinh b l m|t khu Cai Da va khu Thanh Cong, Cong ty than Hon Gai - TKV duoc the hien tren hinh 1.
Phan tich moi tuong quan giOa tS hp'p chieu day va goc d6c via voi tong trO lygng c l n chen 16 trong khu vyc nghidn cyu cho thiy, phin ion try lyp'ng nlm trong cac trg bao ve la cac khu vyc vfa day (ma3,5 m§t) chilm 92%, chu yeu thuoc pham vi via nghieng (15 - 35°) chiem 49,6% vi via doc nghieng (35 - 55°) chiem 29,8%.
Hinh 2 the hien bieu do phan bo try iyp-ng than n l m trong try bao ve theo cac mien chilu day va goc die.
Thinh C6ng
Ji.
Ddn cu Budng didn Cdng trinh ddn dyng Mdt bing SON Ddi tu-ang bao vp tren b l m$t
Hinh 1. TrU lw<?ng than nim trong cic tm bio vi cdng trinh bd mit khu Cii Di vi khu Thinh COng
Thong tin khoa hpc cong nghg mo
Vi$c d l xuit va lya chpn giai phap cong nghp Chen 16 phu hop vo'i d i l u kign khu Cai €)a va khu Thanh C5ng phu thupc r i t idn vao cac yeu to dia chit - ky thu$t mo, d#o diem quy luat djch
G6c d6c vta, dO
Hinh 2. Biiu dd phin bd trO luong theo tuang quan giQa chlSu diy vi gdc ddc via
chuyin, biln dang d i t da khu vyc mo d6 va mi>c dp c l n bap ve dpi vo'i doi tyong tren be mat.
Tren co so' kinh nghiem cua cac nyofc tren t h i gio'i vi dilu ki$n dja chat ky thuat mo khu vyc nghien cyu, co the ap dung cac so do cong nghg khai thac dieu khien da vach bang phyong phap chen 16 cho cac khu vyc try lypng chiem ty le Ion nhy sau:
1. D l i vol cac via than day trung binh d i n day, goc d i e thoai d i n nghieng (a < 35°), de xuit ap dung Ccic so do cong nghe: (1) Khai thac c6t dai theo phyong, khiu than bang khoan no min, ching giy 16 chp bang gia thuy lye di dpng, dilu khiln da vach bang chen 16 tcan phin (hinh 3);
(2) Khai thac cpt dai thep phyong, khiu chnng 16 chp bang t l hop dan chnng t y hanh va may khiu, dilu khien Si vach bing chen 16 (hinh 4).
2. Bei vol cac vfa than day trung binh den day, d i e nghieng (35° <a < 55°), d l xuit 2 dang
6[ig khi n ^ ddn v ^ lieu di«n
• t t t
C<H TLD-xd hflp
Hinh 3. So dd cOng nghi khai thic cOt dii theo phuong, khiu than bdng khoan nd min, chdng giO' Id chQ bing gii thuy li/c di ddng, didu khidn di vich bing chin 10
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Thong tin khoa hoc cdng nghe m d
Hinh 4. So dd cdng nghd cpt dii theo phuong, khiu, chdng bing td hqrp din chdng ti/ hinh vi miy khiu, didu khidn di vich bing chdn Id
Hinh 5. Sa dO cdng ngh$ cOt dii theo phuong, guong Id chQ d?ng chin khay xiOn chdo.
didu khidn di vich bdng chin 10
Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe mo
Hinh 6 So dS cdng nghi cit dii theo dd dSc, dliu khiin di vich bing chin Id so d l ccng nghp: (1) Khai thac lien gyong hpae ch6n c6 dp len chat ean, myc dp l i p d i y khong cpt dai thep phyong, chen 16 toan phan, voi
gyong 16 chp cheo hoac chia b$e ehan khay (hinh 5); (2) khai thac ept dai theo dp doc, chen 16 bing phyong phap t y chay (hinh 6).
Trdn co so' cac so do cong nghg da de xuit, vigc nghien CLPU lya chpn phyong phap chen 16
gian da khai thac lo'n (dat 95% hoae hon): (2) myc dp sgt lun va biln dang be mat dia hinli thap (mye dp ha vach 10 - 30%); (3) an toan ve khi, bui no; (4) nang suit chen 16 cao. Ngoai ra, tai cac khu vyc vfa than n l m dyoi moong 16 thien cu, cong trinh cong nghigp, dan dgng, co phu hop la dilu r i t c l n thiet, theo d6, phyong the xem xet sy dgng phyong phap chen 16 khi phap Chen 16 dyoc xem la t i i yu neu giam thilu nen hoac tai cac khu vyc vfa c6 goe dec ion co t i i da muc dp sgt Ign, biln dsng b l m^t dja hinh. the si> dgng phyong phap chen 16 t y chay.
Then kinh nghiem tren t h i gin'i, so sanh giO'a eae Trpng ccng ngh$ chen 16, vige lya chpn vat phyong phap chen 16 (bang 1) cho thiy, trong ligu chen c6 y nghTa r i t lo'n. Cac vat lieu chen dilu kign khu vyc nghien cyu, phyong phap pho bien trong khu vye, bao gom: eat; trp, xf nha chen 16 thuy Ig-c la phu hpp hon ca: (1) khoi may nhigt di$n; duoi quang hoac xit thai nha may
Bing 1. So sinh mOv dd ha vich cua cic phuong phip chin Id TT
1
2 3
4
Phirorng p h i p ch^o Io Chen 16 tu chay
C h ^ 16 CO khi C h ^ 16 khi nen
Chin 16 thi^y l i ^
P h a m v i apdung Khi Idiai Ihic cic via than c6 chieu day tu mong den day, doc
nghieng den doc diing
Khi khai thac cac khoang sang voi mpi chieu day \i goc doc \ i a theo cac h^ &6ng khai thac khac nhau
Mirc ag CO ngot vat Heu chen 15 - 2 5 % c6 hat min; 40 - 4 5 % c5 hat lon. Tmng binh; 15-40%
40 - 45% khi dimg may toi cao, 20 - 30% khi dung may hat 2 5 - 3 0 %
5 - 7 % doi voi cat; 15% bSng hon hgp da bai thai, ph^ thai tuyen nia vi tro 16 hoi; da cyc (kich thuoc cue 50-70 mm) la 30 %
INIucdd ha vach 40 - 80%
40 - 50%
10 - 30%
10 - 30%
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Thong tin khoa hoc cong nghe md
tuydn vd dat dd thai tu qua trinh khai thac md.
- Cat sdng: co cd hgt nhd (< 2mm), muc dp dong nhat cao, eo the lap day > 95% khdng gian da khai thde. Khoi chen tao bdi cdt sdng cd dp ehat cao, h# so tham thau Idn, chiu duo-c dp It^c Idn vd rat it bien dang dudi tac ddng cua dp lue mo. Vdl nhi>ng ddc diem tren, cdt sdng phu hp'p vdi tat ca cdc phuong phap chen Id ti> thuy luc, khi nen ddn chen Id cc khi vd chen Id tu' chay.
Tgi Quang Ninh, nguon eat sdng khd phong phu, vdi gid khoang 240 - 260 nghin dong/mS. Do dd, chen Id bang cdt ddi hdi chi phi tuo-ng doi Idn.
- Tro xfthai ra t u cde nhd mdy nhi$t dl#n: bao gom tro bay vd tro ddy. Trong dd, tro bay Id khodng ehat mjn, tci xop, he so tham nhd, khd thoat nudcva ed kieh thude hat nhd t u O.Sjim den 100(im. Tro day cd ddc tinh gan tucng tu"
vdi cat song, do thim thau tot, thodt nudc nhanh vd dp len ehat Idn, vdi kieh thudc t u 0,125 - 2mm. Do dd, ve ec ban, tro xi thdi ra tCr cdc nhd mdy nhi^t di?n cd the su dyng ldm vgt lipu chen trong cong nghp chen Id thuy lu'c hoac khi nen.
Tgi Quang Ninh, nguon tro xi nha mdy nhipt dipn khd phong phLi,d4n 2,5 tripu tan/nam, hen nua.
loai vdt lieu nay khdng edn gia cdng che bien.
Them vao dd, su dung tro xi cdn gdp phan giai quyet dup'c vdn de do thai cua cde nhd may nhipt dien trong vung.
- Xit thai tu cac xudng tuyen than (ba sdng):
cd thanh phan la dd set ket xen Idn bdt ket vdi kich thudc khoang 0 - 120mm. Theo kinh nghipm nudc ngoai, xit thai cd the duge su dyng ldm vgt lieu chen Id. Trong vung Quang Ninh, lug'ng xit thairat Idn, ddn hdng chyc tridu tan.
Tucng tu nhu vdi tro, xi, xit thai, neu dup'c su- dung cung la vat lieu re tien, dong thdi ddng gdp cho viec gia quyet bdi todn mdi tardng.
- Od thai tu khai thde than, vdi thdnh phan chu yeu Id da bpt ket, cdt ket tucng ddi cung (f
= 6 -10), kich thudc Idn (100 - 300mm). Vd ca ban ed the su dyng ldm vgt lieu chen Id t y chay, tuy nhien, can lya chpn sao cho kieh thudc cyc vat lieu khdng Idn hen 2G0mm. Trudng hp'p su- dyng ldm vat lidu chen Id thuy lue, can phdi gia edng, che bi^n thdnh vat lipu chen ed thdnh ph^n kich thudc cd hat phu hp-p. Thyc te, lug'ng dd thai trong qua trinh ddo Id, khai thdc cua Cdng ty khoang 11,5 tripu m3/ndm.
Tren cc^sc eae phdn tich tren, dong thdi xem xet dge diem hipn trgng be mat dja hinh, tinh ehat cua ede edng trinh, doi tug'ng can bao ve khu vyc nghien cuu, de xudt cde phucng phdp Chen Id phCi hp'p cho cac khu vyc nhu sau:
- D6i vdi cdc khu vyc vfa ndm dudi khu ddn CU, dp dyng phucng phap chen Id thuy tyc, su- dyng vgt lipu Chen la tro day cua nhd mdy nhi^t dipn hogc eat sdng.
- D6i vdi cde khu vuc vfa nam dudi mgt bang san edng nghiep md, dudng dipn cao the, dp dyng phucng phdp chen Id thuy lue, su dyng vat li$u chdn Id tro ddy cua nha may nhiet di$n hogc cdt sdng; phucng phdp chen Id khf nen su dyng bd sdng hogc dd thai nghien nhd.
- Doi vdi eae khu vuc via nam dudi moong nudc cu: dp dung phucng phdp chen Id ty ehay, su dyng vgt lieu chen Id dd thai nghidn nhd.
Kinh nghiem thyc t i l n dp dyng cdng nghe Chen Id trdn the gidi da cho thay trien vpng khai thdc cdc v?a than nam dudi cae edng trinh bao vp b^ mat khu vyc nghien cuu dam bao hipu qua kmh t l cung nhu an todn trong qud trinh khai thac. Nh&ng ket qua nghien cuu dh xuat la ca sd de trien khai dp dyng thu nghipm trong thuc te sdn xudt./.
Tai lieu tham khao:
1. "Quy tic bao vd cac cong trinh va ddi tuong tl/ nhien tranh anh huong co h^i do khai thic mo than ham Id" Vipn VNIMI (LB Nga, 1998)
2. Phung Mgnh Dac, Nguyen Anh Tuan, Truong Due Du vd nnk, 2006. Nghiin cuv ip dung cdng nghd khai thac chen Id phi^c vu cong tic didu khidn da vich vd i!>ao ve cic doi tuung cong trinh be mat trong dieu kien cac mo ham Id vung Quang Ninh.
Bdo edo tong ket dd tdi, Vien Khoa hpe Cdng nghe Md, Hd Npi.
3. Hien trang khai thac moCong ty than Hon Gai den hdt nam 2014;
4. npM,no>KeHHfl K TexHonorMHecKMM cxetuiaM paapadoTKM yro/ibHbix nnacroB cuereMaMH c sa- Kn^Koii BbipadoraHHoro npocrpaHCTBa, IlpoKonb- escK, 2007.
5. MHCTHTyr ropHoro flena MM A.A. CKOMMH- CKoro, TexHonorMMecKne cxeMbi paspaSoTKn nna- CTOBHayronbHbrxmaxTax. wacTbll, MocKea, 1991.
6. Andrzej Lisowski, Podsadzka hydrauliezna w polskim gdmictwie, Katowice, 1997.
