H
TRAN HOANG HUNG"
iculi Ton giao So 7U(157], 2016,77-96
4
iir ^"TAM" TRONG KINH BIEN PHAT GLVO BAC TRUYEN
Tdm tdt: Niu ddng hai tir "tic bi" va tri tue di khdi qudi ton chi cua Phat gido, thi CO thi ddng mpt ehir "Tam " di khdi qudt ndi dung ca bdn cua todn bp he thdng vdn hpc Phdt gido Bde iruvL
"Tdm" vira Id doi tupng. vua Id npi dung ddng thai i-ua Id muc dich cudi cOng cua cdc vdn sT Phdt gido. Ngp dupe chdn tdm.
thdu tri ft tu tinh, vupt khdi trdi bupc. thodt khdi khd dau Irong luc dpo ludn hdi. roi tdn tdm tdn luc ciiu giiip muon loai chung smh thodt khdi khd dau Id muc tieu hudng din cim thien su thi sT No, cdch khde. gdn nhu todn bp kinh diin Phdi gido Bde tniyin diin Id chiem nghiem cha "Tdm" trong mpi khia cpnh, tir nhiiu gdc dp. tren nhieu phuang dien. vdi nhiiu hlnh thuc. bdng nhiiu thu phdp nghi thudt khac nhau. Trong bdi viit nav. chung loi se nghien cuu cdc phuang difn td- Thi din Dpng. tit Tinh ra Tirdng cua "Tdm ditpc phdn dnh trong mpt so bp kinh vdn Phdt gido Bac tmyin quan trpng vd trong vdn hpc Phdt gido Viet Nam di lam sdng to quan diim ndy.
Tir khda: Tdm. kinh diin. Phdt gido, Bde truyen.
Dan nhap
Cd tiie Uidy, tim quan upng cua chfl: 'Tam" trong bdn edu tiia diic ket tinh tiian edt Idi ciia bdi phii Cu Trdn Lac Dao ciia Phat hodng Trdn Nhan Tong:
Cu trdn lpc dpo thd tdy duyen Ca tdc .xan hi khdn tdc mien Gia trung huu bdo hiru tdm mjch Ddi cdnh vo lam mpc vdn Men (Sdng ddi vui d^o hay liiy duyen
T.S Thfch Hanh Tuf. Trung lam Nghien cihi VSn hgc Phil giio, Hpc Men Phil giio \ Ifl Nam 1^1 Tp. Ho Chi Minh, 6- ", nvn. M^n i-nai
78 Nghien cihi Ton giao. 5678,8 - 2016 Ddi an khai udng mgl ngu lign
Ciia bau day nha thdi tim kiem Vd tam doi ednh hdi ehi thien)
Trong nha ed sdn eiia bdu (gia trung hvru bdo) ehi eho chdn tam Phdt tinh vdn ed sdn dting mdi ehung sinh, nhu edeh du "vien ngpc Uong eheo ao" eiia ga eung tu tiong Kinh Phdp Hoa. Khi tdm tiianh tjnh. sang sudt khong bi ngoai eanh chi phdi, me hodc Uii khdng can hdi dgn phuong phap tu thign 1dm gi niia.
Trong Xu Thanh, mpt trong nhiing chuong edt Idi ciia tde phdm ludn tiiuyet True Lain Tong Chi Nguyen Thanh, Thien su Hdi Huygn ndi: "Tam la tiien chdt ciia muon s\r. Id eai quan trpng nhat ciia ehung sinh. Ngudi ta ai cung ed lam. Thdnh nhdn ed tam ciia tiidnh nhdn, chung nhdn cd tam eila ehung nhdn. Tam cua tiianh nhan ciing nhir lam cua mpi ngudi, nhung d?t dgn cdnh gidi "vd nga" cho nen ed the Idni tat ca digu tiiign trong tiiien ha. Cdn tam eiia chiing nhan gd b6 co chap trong nhirng dieu tai nghe mdt thay ngn gidi Idm Id Idm digu thign eho rieng minh. Cdi lugrng cua tdm rdt rpng, cdi due eua tdm r^t thjnh mdi gpi Id tiidnh nhdn vay (Ngd Thl Nhpm Todn tpp, tdp 5, trang 281,282).
Khiic ca Phdt tam eua Tue Trung Thupng ST cd doan:
"Phdt! Phdt! Phdt! khong thg thdy Tam! Tam! Tam! chdng thg bdn He khi tam sinh tiii Phdt sinh Bing llie Phdi digt Uii lam digt Digt tam c6n Phdt khdng dau cd
Digt Phdt con tarn lue ndo xong..." (Thupng ST Ngir Luc, bdn Hdn vin. trang .i.^i.
Trong gidi h^n cua bai vigt ndy, chung loi sg nghien cuu cac phuong dign tir Thg dgn Dung, tir Tinh ra Tudng cua "Tam" dugc phan anh trong mpi so bp kinh Bde truygn vd trong vdn hpc Phdt gido Vict Nam de lam sang td quan digm ndy. Duong nhien. ddy chi Id mpt so ed gdng ban dau ciia chung t6i.
I. Tam dugrc phan dnh trong Kinh Hoa Nghiem Phdm Thdp Dja trong Kinh Hoa Nghigm vigt:
Tran Hoing Himg. "Tmt-twng kinh dien Phat giao... 79
"Tam nhu cdng hpa su Hpa ehiing chiing ngii dm (^^ Nhdt tiiiet tiie gidi Uung
^ , Vd bdl tao thi phdp"
'*fe (Tdm nhu hpa si kheo
Vg cde loai ngii dm (tire chiing sinh), Tdt ed phdp Uig gidi,
1,1 Dgu do tdm ma ra)
s» Ma Minh dai sT da Uiau tdm nhigu kinh dign vg mot v nghia ham d« dung mpt tdm phap - tdm ehung sinh Uong hai phdn chdn nhu va sinh
diet. Tam chdn nhu hay, Nhdt chdn phap gidi la Uig cua cac phap mdn
•
d^i tong urdng nen cdn gpi la Bign chdn tam ed tinh khdng sinh khong digt. khdng hinh tudng, bao triim khdp, khdng Uig diing hinh tuong hay ngdn tir de diln d^t. Sd dT nd ed tdt cd ede phdp la do vpng ni?m. vpng tudng, vpng tdm md tiidy cd su sai biel. Cd nghia la luc khoi len tu tudng sai Idm, nhdn tdm cdnh gid ddi lam chdn Uiat cdn gpi Id vpng nrdng. Khi lia vpng nigm thi khdng cd tudng tdt cd edc canh hay ndi dom gidn hon, ta nhin tiidy mudn hinh van canh sai bigt deu do vpng nigm, neu lia vpng niem thi mdng ciia cdc canh gidi khong edn mg hodc ta dupe.
Ndi dung c6t niy ciia Kinh Hoa Nghiem cd Uig Uidy dupe qua bai kg:
Nhupc nhan dye lieu tri, Tam thg nhdt thigt Phdt.
'' Ung qudn phdp gidi tanh, Nhdt thigt duy tam 190.
^ Dich nghia:
IS Ngu ngudi mudn bigt rd.
" Cdc Phdt trong ba ddi Phdi qudn tfnh phdp gidi.
Tat ca do idm 1510.
80 Nghien ciiU Ton gido. S67&8 - 2016 Ai mudn bigt rd ba ddi ede vi Phdt, lam cdch ndo dg tu Uidnh Phdt thi ngn quan sat, ehigm nghigm mpt each tham sau nhu Uidt Id edc cdi luc pham, tu thanh dgu xudt phdt tir mpt ehii "Tdm"
Mudi phdp gidi nay vdn ehdng ed tu Uig, chdng ed t\r tinh, chdng ed tu ehiing, eiing chdng cd Hr can (gdc), dgu do mpt tam tao ra.
Ndi dgn chii "Tam" eiing nhu hu khdng, vdn Id thanh tjnh, v6n Id thdu triet, ehdng cd hinh dang, chdng cd phuong sd, bdt diet, bdt sanh.
bdt dpng, bat bign. Vdy tai sao lai ndi Id do tam t?o? Nguyen cdi tam nay dil ndi bdt bign md ciing la tiiy duyen. vi tiiy duygn nen ndng t?o;
ndi tuy duygn Id vi mpt nigm Uiinh linh sinh khdi, hodc tiep xiic vdi ngoai cdnh, trong vd ngoai edm ung vdi nhau, gpi Id nhdn duygn, c6 nhan duygn mdi thanh phdp gidi, vf A\y.
Tdm nhu nude, phdp gidi nhu Idn sdng. Bdn thg ciia nude von ygn tinh, chdng phucmg sd. chdng lay dpng, khi gdp gid thdi thi mu6n ngdn Idn sdng tiiy sv tigp xiic md ndi Ign. Vdy tiii nude cd thg t^io ra Idn sdng, Idn sdng do nude md c6; cung nhu Tam cd Uig t^io ra phdp gidi, phdp gidi do tdm md cd vdy. Do dd:
Nhdt tiiira linh dpng, van dire tiang nghigm, thanh tjnh Udn ddy li cdnh gidi cDa chu Phdt;
Thudng tu lye dp, tdng nhigp v?n h?nh, cihi giup chiing sinh Id cdnh gidi cda Bo Tdt;
Ngp phdp nhan duyen, tiidu ly duyen sinh. Id ednh gidi cua Duyen Gidc;
Ro ly tu dg, chiing ddc Niet Bdn, Id cdnh gidi eua Thanh Vdn;
Ham tu phdp Idnh, t?io nhan hOu Idu, Id cdnh gidi cua coi Trdi;
Ai nhilm chdng ngimg, ciing tu phudc thign. Id cdnh gidi cua coi Ngudi;
Chap tam hieu tiidng, n6i san dau tranh, la cdnh gidi cua Tu La;
Ai kien lam goe, bon xen Idm nghigp, la ednh gidi eua Ng? quy;
Tham due ehdng ngimg, ludn ludn si tudng la cdnh gidi ciia Stic sinh;
T?o mudi dc nghigp, lye cdn thp bdo. Id ednh gidi cua Dia ngye.
Tdm l?i, vd bien till gidi y theo tdm ndy md biln hign, M§t Tring, Mdt Trdi y Uieo tdm ndy md van hdnh; su mg cua tdt cd chiing sinh Id me tam ndy; sy ngp cua Uidnh hiln tam thira la ngp tdm ndy; sy dan
^
Tran Hoang Himg. "Tam" trong kinh dien Phat giao... 81
ddt ciia Bde truygn gido diln la ddn dit tam nay; su khai Uii ciia lich dai To su la khai Uij tam ndy; don UuyIn la buyln tdm nay; nhilu kilp tiJ tap Id tu tdm ndy; chung ngp rtmg bac la chung tam ndy. Do tam ndy tiiy duygn biln tao, nen mdi cd mudi phap gidi, nlu duoe nhdt tdm chdng sinh, lieu ngp thue tfnh, ttii mudi phap gidi eOng tfieo do md didng sudt. Thl nen:
Thdp dc da diit, lye cdn Uip bao chdng sinh, till tam Dja nguc dupe lilu;
Tham dye da dirt, si tudng chdng sinh, thl tam Sue sinh dupe lilu;
Ai kign da dirt, bdn xen chdng sinh, tiii tam Nga quy dupe lilu:
Hieu thing dd dirt, sdn ddu ching sinh, thi tdm Tu U dupe lilu;
Ai nhilm da diit, ehdnh nigra hign tiln, Uii tdm cdi Ngudi dupe hiu;
Bd nhan hihi lau, tu nghigp vd Idu thi tdm cdi Trdi dupe lilu:
Ching chdp or dl, ching giii chan khdng, Uii tam Thanh Vdn dupe lilu;
Ching chdp nhan duyen, hdi tdm hudng Bde UuyIn, till tam Duygn Gidc dupe lieu;
Lye dp cdng tiidnh, ddn sieu dja vj, Uii tdm Bd Tdt dnejc lieu;
Bd Dl vign man, quy vd sd die thi tdm ehu Phat dupe lilu.
Vdy thi 1dm sao lieu ngp tam ndy?
Tir tdn tam din da tdm, Tir da tam din Uiilu tdm, Tir thieu tdm din nhdt tdm, Tir nhdt tam din vo tdm,
Tir vd tdm din lilu tam (Thiln su Digu Thp).
Tdm quan Upng eiia mpt ehii tdm trong tu hdnh cd till rd hon:
Nhupc nhdn dye tiiiic Phdt cdnh gidi.
Duong tjnh ky y nhu hu khdng, Viln ly vpng tudng cdp chu tiiu, Linh tam sd hudng giai vd ng^.
D\ch nghia:
Ngu ngudi mudn bill cdnh gidi Phdt,
82 Nghien cdu Tdn giao. 5678,8 - 2016 Y can thanh tjnh nhu hu khdng,
Xa lia vpng tudng va chap thu, Kliign tdm khdp noi dlu vd ngai.
Cdnh gidi Phdt la gi? Khdng vd hiiu Uiay phign hiln bdy, 1^ sy v6 ngai, mdt tire nhilu, nhilu tue mpt, Idn vdo nhd, nhd vdo Idn Id cdnh gidi Phdt vdy. Do dd dupe biit, mpt hat byi, mpt gipt nude eho din vi trdn sd edi Phat Hoa Tang Hdi dlu Id cdnh gidi Phdt ca. Nhung cdc nguoi tay chi mil nhln, ttgn Id trdi, dudi Id ddt, vdn hdnh Id nhyt nguygt. Tjnh raa Uy gpi la nui, dpng md chdy gpi Id sdng, hiiu tinh Id ngudi, vd tinh Id vat. Cdnh gidi Phdt ngay Uudc mil md l?i ching tiidy, Uiuc Id Uidt ddng Uiuong xdt! T?ii sao vdy? Chi vl cdc nguoi noi y can chua timg thanh tinh, nen cd du thu vpng tudng, da cd vpng tudng Id cd phan bigt, da cd phan bigt tiii k?t vdo danh tudng, da kft vdo danh tudng nen tiidy Udi chi Id tidi, Uidy ddt chi Id ddt, thay nui sdng ehi Id niii song, Uidy ngudi vft chi Id ngudi vdt; l^ii d noi danh tudng vpng sanh du Uiu chdp trudc, nhu chap nui sdng ngudi vdt, l^i edn d noi chdp trudc sanh ra dii Uiir chudng ng?i, cung nhu bj sic, tiiinh, huong, vj chudng ng^ii, bj niii, sdng, ngudi, vdt, vjin tupng sum la chudng ngai, vi d khip noi dlu bj chudng ng^ii, ngn mu6n tiiay cdnh gidi Phdt lai edng khd hon niia.
Du vdy, nlu ong chan thdt mudn thdy eung ching khd, chi can dem cdc Uui vpng tudng, chdp uudc, chudng ng?ii dy, moi moi dlu xoay ud ve ty tinh, khiln cho noi y cdn thanh tjnh nhu hu khdng. C) frgn dinh ddu md ra chfnh nhan. chilu soi khip till gian. Nhu vdy Uii trdi Id cdnh gidi Phdt, ddt eiing la cdnh gidi Phdt, niii sdng ngudi vdt, h^it byi gipt nude, cho din vi udn sd coi Phdt till gidi, khdng nai ndo ching phdi Id cdnh gidi Phdt ed. Cdnh gidi nhu thl, phi hiru phi khdng, phi 1^
phi sy, phi nhdt phi da, phi tiiu phi d^i, phi me phi ngp, phi tu phi Chung, gpi Id cdnh gidi Phdt cung dupe, ching gpi Id canh gidi Phdt cung dupe. Vi digu nhu till bdt khd thuylt, vign dung nhu till bit khd thuyet, ty tai vo ngai nhu thl bdt khd thuylt, chirng ngp gidi thodt nhu tiie bat khd Uiuylt, cdng dire lpi fch nhu thl bdt khd Uiuylt Ay gpi Id bat khd Uiuygt l?i Uiera bdt khd thuylt cua canh gidi Phdt. Mudn d noi canh gidi Phdt ndy dich Uidn nim trai thi:
Y can Uianh tjnh nhu hu khdng
Tran Hodng Himg. Tam" trong hnh dia, Phat giaa.. 83
Xa lia vpng nrdng va dfnh mde Khien lam khip noi dlu tu tai
Xua kia Thl Tdn d noi phdp Bd D I Uang mdi tiianh ehinh gide
<^V than rang: " L a Uiay! N a y T a tiidy rd tdt cd c h u n g sinh d l u dii c d d u e
»« t u d n g Ul tug eiia N h u Lai, chi vi v p n g n r d n g c h d p u u d c m a chdng 2 chiing d d c " V d y Phdt d a d e m h i t s u s d ehiing td bdy rdi, c d e n g u o i
™I« hi?n dang d noi phdp Bo Bk Trdng, mdi ngudi ddu ddi hu khdng, ehan
* dap qua dat md ching tiianh Chfnh Gidc Id tai sao? Vi vong tudng
^* chdp uudc ehua dirt, dai tdm BdDg chua till phdt khdi.
'»- ^' ^"™ ^^'^ P***" ^nh 'rong Kinh Vien giae
^, Gido nghTa edt tiiy cua Kinh Vign Gidc la ldi Phdt chi bdy edi tdm ,a; Udn day sdng sudt ed sdn noi mdi chiing sinh. "Vign Gidc" la kit qud li, j ^ t i i tdp hay Id Vign Gidc Id su sdng sudt, tanh Udn ddy. Id Phdt qud ,4 ^ M u d n d?t den Vien Gidc phdi dilng "bdn nhdn dja" d l Uidu sudt vd j9, minh vi vd minh vd ban gidc cilng chung Uong tdm, ngn ldnh gide ,ki khdng Uig khdng cd vd minh. Cd vd minh hay khdng cd vd minh dlu
^, bd Id tiiy thudn ldnh tjnh Vien Gidc. (Jua bdi kg sau, ddc Thl Ton ta muon ttuyln lai j? nghTa ciia kinh:
Vdn Thii dng ngn bill '"^ Tdt cd cdc Nhu Lai
Tii noi bdn nhan dia
^. Deu dung gidc tri tug ft Thdu su6t dupe vd minh il Biet kia hoa uong hu khdng
1-d hay khdi ludn chuyin L^i nhu ngudi trong mpng Khi tinh ching cd gi Tdnh gidc nhu hu khdng Binh ding khong dpng chuyin Gidc khip mudi phuang coi Liln dupe thdnh Phdt dao
84 Ngnien cCru Ton giao. 5678S - 2016 HuyIn digt khdng noi chdn
Thanh dao ciing khong dde Tanh nd Iron ddy Hay phdt tdm Bd Dg
Thign nam ni! Tdt cd ehiing sinh, ede Uiu huyln hda dlu sinh noi Nhu Lai Vien Gide digu tdm. VI nhu hoa ddm ttx>ng hu khdng, tir hu khdng md ed. Hoa huyln tuy digt ma tfnh hu khdng ching ho^ii. Tdm huyen cua chiing sinh l^ii y noi huyln md digt, cde huyln hit md cdi gide tam bdt dpng. Y noi huyen ma ndi gide cung gpi la huyen. Nlu ndi cd gidc van chua ed lia huyen. Ndi khdng gidc eiing Igi nhu Uie.
Cho nen huyln digt gpi Id bdt dpng. Mudn Ha huyln phdi diing cac phdp huyln de trii huyln, nhu khi d?p gai, phdi Idy gai l l gai; hit bgnh till cdc gai dlu bd. Gidc Tudng (Gidc tinic hay tam Uidc) Id phdp huygn diing dl uir huyln. Khi huyln Ud xong, gide tudng Ud Uidnh Gidc Tfnh hay Vien Gidc. Ndi ro hon Id huyen digt, tire Id Thirc ehuygn Uidnh Trf. G6C rl cua sinh Hi luan hdi Id ai dye, nlu edn tam tiiam dye, phdi dpa l?c noi sinh tir luan hdi. Cd hai chudng ngji Uong vigc tu hdnh Vien Gidc Id:
1) Ly chudng hay sd tri chudng do tu tudng chap phdp 2) Sy chudng hay philn nao chudng do chap ngd.
Phdt dgy bdi kg ring:
Oai Dure ong nen biit V6 Uiupng dgi gide tam Ban te khdng hai tudng Tiiy thudn cdc phuong tign So nd Id vo lupng Nhu Lai tdng khai Uij Lien cd ba chiing logi
Tjch tjnh Xa-Ma-tha (tire Id Chi) Nhu guong hign hinh tupng Nhu huyen Tam-Ma-dl (Qudn)
Tran Hoang Hijng. Tam'tmng ldnh dien Phat giaa.. 85 Nhu ddt 1dm mdm tdng trudng
Thign-na ehi tich digt Nhu hodn trong mdn do Ba tfiir digu phdp mdn Dgu la tuy thudn giae Mudi phuong chu Nhu Lai Vd cdc vj Bo Tdt Nhan ddy dupe tiianh dao Ba vigc dlu Iron ehiing Gpi ciru cdnh Nilt Ban.
^L (Kinh Vien Gidc, ban dich Hoa Uiupng Thign Hoa)
H Thiln su Long Tl khi Uidu ro chdn tam da 1dm bdi Uio tdm rdng:
^^ Tdm cdnh ddn tieu dung Phuong minh sic dii khdng Dye tiiire bdn lai till Thanh son bgch vdn trung.
Nghia:
Khdng edn chdp tdm va eanh Mdi ngp dupe ly sic khong Muon bill till xua nay May uing vdi non xanh.
Chan tdm chfnh Id till tfnh v6n u6n ddy tiianh tinh sang sudt d Uidnh khdng tdng, d phdm khdng giam. Do chiing sinh, phdm tinh c6 chap, Uiam dye vd ai nhigm nen dfnh mie sdu sic vdo cde trang thai bien chuyen cua tdm vd bj hodn canh chi phdi, khong Uidu rd Uiuc tfnh cua sac vd khdng. Chi cdn de tdm u6ng rdng, thdy eae phdp nhu nd dang Id, non xanh, may bay v6n hiln bdy ty Uig.
3. Tam dirge phan dnh trong Kinh Kim Cang
Kinh Kim Cang Id mpt trong nhung bp kinh Upng ylu cua vdn hpc Phgt gido Bac miygn. Cd le vi bp kinh ndy cd dpng. ham sue tinh hoa
86 Nghign cuU Ton gido. 5678,8 - 2016 ldi Phdt day, ngn kinh dupe cdc bac cao diic, danh sT, vdn sT xem nhu mpt niyet tde vd tiln khoang hgu. Liie Ngu Td Hodng Nhdn (602-675), kg tiiira long phong, xign duong Phdt phdp, Kinh Kim Cang da phd biln khd rpng rai trong gidi hpe Phdt, ngay cd trong gidi eu sT. Chfnh nhd kinh nay, mot tiiu phu d LTnh Nam da din vdi dao Phgt vd Ud tiianh bde T6 su sigu vigt nhdt trong lich sii Thiln tdng Trung Hoa, dd la luc Id Hue Nang. "U'ng vd sd tru nhi sinh ky tdm" la cdu ndi edt loi ciia Kinh Kim Cang, cung la edu ndi ndi tilng cda gidi hpe Phgt, nhdt la Thiln tdng, dung cdu ndy lam ylu ehi tu hdnh. Khi xua ngii td Hoang Nhdn thdy nhdn duyen truygn tam dn cho Hug Ndng da din, Ngdi ben mat higu cho Hug Ndng vdo thdt rdi gidng Kinh Kim Cang, den cdu "Ung vo sd Uy nhi sinh ky tam", Ngdi Hug Ndng liln khodt nhign dgi ngp.
Md ddu Kinh Kim Cang, ngdi Tu B6 D l bgch hdi: "Bgch Thl Ton!
Ngudi Uiign nam, ngudi thign nii phdt tam vd Uiupng chfnh ding gidc ngn 1dm sao try, 1dm sao hang phye tam kia?"
- Ldm sao try dupe tdm - Ldm sao hdng phye tdm
"Ung vd sd try nhi sinh ky tam" Id cdu Ua Idi hoan ehinh nhit cho eau hdi Uen eiia ngdi Tu Bd m. Trong su6t Kinh Kim Cang, Dire Phgt cung chi ud ldi cdu hdi "ldm sao try tdm, ldm sao hdng phye tam", cung chfnh la ldm ro y nghTa eiia edu "Ung vo sd Uy nhi sinh ky tdm".
Diic Phgt dgy "Ung vd sd try nhi sinh ky tdm" vi phdm nhiing gi c6 hinh tudng dlu Id hu vpng, nlu tiidy cde tudng Id phi tudng, tire thdy Nhu U i . Phdm nhiing gi ed hinh tudng dlu ehju sy biln ddi cua vo tiiudng, ngn ndi "hiiu hinh tdt hiiu hogi", ed Urdng tdt cd sy hogi digt, ed sinh ra lhi cd mdt di, vi vdy thdt tudng cua cde tudng la phi nrdng.
Khi Uidy Uiyc eua cdc tudng Id phi tudng it thdy Nhu Lai, thdy Nhu Lai Id tiidy chdn tdm Uiudng Uu.
Khi chiing ta nhan chan dupe thye Urdng cdc phdp Id phi tudng roi, lhi chiing ta phdi hdng phye tdm. Khdng dk cho tara chay theo tran canh (khdng dg sdu edn dfnh mde sdu trdn), try ldm d ch6 khong chap, khong vudng mdc, giii tdm thanh tjnh, ty tai trudc sy sinh digl kho dau vd thudng cua eupe ddi. Hdng phye dupe tdm phan bigt
Iran Hoang Hung. Va/77-&tiop*»jAdiw7fliiaffl!Ha.. 87 vpng dpng Id la dang ffu ldm. Nhu vdy, hdng phuc tdm cQng chinh Id
^^- try lam.
1^1^ 4. Tam dir^ic phan anh trong Kinh Lang Nghiem
jl!, Trong Kinh Lang Nghiem, Phgt dgy ehi tilt vl tdm, vl cac mdi lien Ujj hg ciia luc cdn, luc Udn, vd luc tinic, nhiing tiiuc tgi urong ddi biln ddi j ^ . khdng Uiat, ciing nhu Uiuc lai tuyet ddi tiiudng hing vd bdt biln. Cdi
^^ tuy cua Kinh Lang Nghiem dupe Phat gidi ro till ndo la vpng tam vd ,^^ ehan tdm. Tam tiiire hay luc tinic Id su kit hop hd mong giiia luc cdn j j vd lye uin mdi. Hom nOa, luc nhdp vdn Id Nhu Lai Tgng, cQng la digu .r^ tfnh Chan nhu. Tfnh ciia bdn tiiue ro rang ehan ui, digu giae nam ,^ nhien, nhu nhu bdt dpng, ching Uil nghT ludng dupe, triim khip phdp
gidi, hien bdy khip mudi phuong hu khdng dau ed xir sd, rtiy Uieo nghigp cua chiing sinh biln hign cac cdnh gidi hien hiiu. Ngudi Uil
•
gian ching bill, igi me ldm eho Id tinh nhdn duygn va ty nhien, dy dlu Id do tara tiuic phdn bigt suy ludng. Phdm la ldi ndi dlu ching phai nghTa tiiat. Vdy, tinh hu khdng eiing khip, vdn ching lay dpng (Kinh Ldng Nghiem, bdn djch cua Hoa Uiupng Duy Luc). Tir lye nhdp din Ihgp nhj xu, mudi tdm gidi ciing tiidt dgi vdn vd sinh vd tuong quan ,^ lan nhau. Phdt da vgch ro ddng tdm tinic (lue cdn, lye Udn, lye Uiirc
^ cung vdi dja, thuy, hda, phong, khong, kiln, Uiiic dai) huyln hda nhu '^; vdy, thi tinh gidc (digu tfnh chan nhu) ddng nghTa vdi Nhu Lai Tang.
^ Nhu Ui Tgng, tfnh tinic minh ui ehan tiiire. Bill dupe ro rdng chdn thirc. nghia la bdn tfnh vdn chdn minh, lia ndng sd ddi ddi, tiiudng r hdng, hign bdy khip mudi phucmg, bao la nhu hu khong vd tan. Khi : Nhan can ehua hda nhdp vdo Nhu Ui Tgng Uii nd la nrdng khong, thay ddi luy theo nghigp duyen sdn ed eua bdn than sic udn. Chiing ta : da nhgn xet ring khdng cd vdt chit nao hien hiru dpe lap, dii nd nhd 1 nhu hgt nguygn tii hodc Idn nhu qud dja eau. Vgn vgt chi hign hihi mpt i cdch tuong ddi, uong sy tuong quan vdi nhiing vdt khde. Cung vi Uil
ed the bill dupe Tdm Thiic khong cd Uiyc thl. Ngu ddi nrpng khdng cd tiidt. Uii tdm edm nhdn nd eung khdng cd that. Nhirng khodnh khie tri Uiuc ndy tiieo thai gian Uii nd loi keo va ding co giiia uf vd Unic md Ihanh ni tudng, vd nlu khodnh khic ui Unic dd khdng lap Igi vd xa lia ngay (vo Uidi gian) thi ta cd tri Unic nguyen Uiuy. Vi tfnh hu khdng eiia ddi nrpng nhgp vdo tfnh hu khdng vo tan till Thye tgi dy toan dien.
88 iMgnien ciiU Ton gido. 56^8 - 2016 Id chdn ly tdi hdu. Vdy, mdt khi Nhdn cdn hda nhgp vdo Nhu Lai Tgng till ching cdn nang sd, liie dy ching phdi nhan duygn hay chdng ty nhign ma ed digu tinh chdn minh vdy.
Higu dupe tinh gide, dilng tinh chdng sinh digt cua digu tam sang i6 ddng vdi Nhu Lai Tgng, vi Nhu Lai Tgng chi duy nhat mgl digu L i sang td, udn ddy chilu khdp phdp gidi, nen d trong do, mpt la v6 lupng, vd lupng Id rapt, uong nhd hign ra Idn, UDng Idn hign ra nho.
dgo Udng ching dpng md khip mudi phuong till gidi, tiidn till bao ham vd tan hu khong, noi ddu rapt mdi Idng hign ra coi Phgt, ngii uong vi udn chuyin dgi phdp, nghjch cdnh udn, hpp gidc tfnh, nen hign ra tinh Chan Nhu sdng td cua digu tdm. Do vdy, mudn hilu ro Kinh Ldng Nghigm, nghe ldi Phdt dgy:
A Nan! Nay nguoi mudn ngupc ddng sinh tu, Ud vl ngudn g6c cua luu ehuygn, din chd ehdng sinh digt, thi nen xgt kJ sy tiip dyng cua lye can ndy, cdi ndo hpp, cdi ndo lia; cdi ndo sdu, cdi ndo can; cdi ndo vien tiidng, edi ndo ching vien thdng. Nlu nguoi ngay noi nhihig cdn ndy ngp dupe cdn ndo vign tiidng, nuong tiieo cdn vign thdng dd md xoay ngupc ddng nghigp hu vpng tu vd tiii thi so vdi cdc cdn khde, higu qua gdp nhilu Idn, mpt ngdy bdng mpt kilp (Kinh Lang Nghiem, Hda Uiupng Duy Lye djeh).
Phgl bdo A Nan:
- Ngudi thudng nghe ta gidng ba nghTa quylt djnh sy tu hdnh trong Lugt Tgng, ay Id nhiep tara thdnh gidi, tir gidi sinh dinh, tir dinh phdt nu?, gpi Id ba v6 Igu.
- A Nan! Um sao nhilp tdm gpi Id gidi?
Nlu Chung sinh lye dgo trong thl gidi, tam ching ddm dye, Uii Chang Uieo ddng sinh tir tuong tye.
- Ngudi chfnh djnh, c6l dl ra khoi trin lao, nlu tdm dam dye ching tru till chdng ,he ra khdi, dlu cho ed nhilu tn' thiln djnh hign tiln, nlu
^ h t " ! h t T J ' ' " ' ' ' ° ""' ''"' '^'"8 trgn thdnh raa vuong, hgng guia Uidnh ma dgn, hgng dudi thdnh ma nii. Bpn ma kia cung cd do' mZ'rL"°u' """' " ' " ' " ' ^'° '° ' " " ^ S , sau khi digt dp, uong doi ragt phdp, bpn ma ddn ndy soi ndi tren thl gian, thjnh hdnh tham
Tran Hoang Himg. Tam" trong kir^ dien Phat giao... 89 dSm, tu xung la Thign Ui tinic, khiln chung sinh sa vao hdm di kiln
Ige mat dgo Bd ^ .
Ldi Phgt dgy Uidt xdc Uiuc, nlu xgt dudi gdc do tdm ly hoe Dye Tinh hay Tfnh Ddm ciia Freud tid Uong liie Freud hoach dinh nhihig vung eua Tn, ong cd xde dinh nhihig phuong phdp ndng lue hda, tdp
^ n g , dl ehuygn vd ngay ed chan Igi dnh sang Ide Ign eua y tinic Freud lua chpn Uidn till lien tue tgo ra ndng luc tinh tiidn, eimg nhu mdy phdt dign lign tue sdn xudt ra dien ndng. Freud gpi dign ndng tinh tiian nay la dye tinh vd dng tin ring nd Id lye tiuic ddy edc khd ndng cua tat cd nr nrdng, tinh edm vd ur each cua chung ta. Su xdy dung due tinh tgo nen Uang tiidi xu hudng dau khd, no ep bupc chung ta u d thdnh hieu bigt mpt vdi nhu cdu khdng dupe Uida mdn. Luc dd, ehiing ta nhdm Id, tgp tmng vdo nhimg hogt dpng sg eho ehung ta gidi tiiodt - n d n g lye de nen dd md gidra trir dupe xu hudng. Nhu vdy, ndng lye
^ d y e linh dnh hudng dgn tu nrdng, Unh edm. vd hog, dpng cua chiing ta Tmh dye hay dam due hign hiru thudng uuc Uong Uidn ta nhu vdy nen ta phai ldm sao on djnh nd nhu Phdt cdn dan chiing ta giii gidi ludi ndy can Uign, Uii mdi cd till tim vg tinh gidc dupe trpn v^n.
5. Tam dugrc phan anh trong Kinh Phap Hoa
Trong Ijch sii Thiln tdng, ai ciing bill ehuygn "Nigra hoa vi tiiu"
lay tara uuyen lam. Khi Phdt Thfch Ca uuyIn chfnh phap nhdn tgng eho Ton gid Ma ha Ca Digp d Hpi Linh Son. Hdm dd, diic Thfch Ca khdng Uiuyet gi hgt. Chiing hpi tgp hpp rdi. Ngdi nhln Hpi chung mpt lupt roi ur tir edm mpt edi hoa sen dua Ign uudc mat mpi ngudi Cd ehung hp, khi d6 dgu ira ldng khong ai hilu gi cd, duy chi cd Ton gid Ma ha Ca Digp chura chfm eudi.
Phgt bill Ca Dilp da ngp dupe cdi hoa sen ma Phdt dua Ign Dd chinh la tam dn (Idy tdm dn tara). Tdn gid Ma ha Ca Dilp mdc ddu khong nghe Phg, ndi gi het nhung dupe cdi tdm ciia Phdt eho, ngn mim CUOI _Duc Phgt eung Uidy cai ch6 Ca Dilp da ngp dupe eho ngn mdi ndi rang: ' Ngo hiru Chfnh phap nhan tgng. Nil, Bdn Digu tara tiidt tuong vd tudng. vi digu phdp radn, kim phd nhir Ma ha Ca Dilp" (Ta ed kho tdng mat Tgng. eon mit Chfnh phdp la Nil. Ban digu tam thd, tuong \ 6 tudng. Nay phd chuc cho Ma ha Ca Dilp). ' '
90 Nghien eiiU Ton gido. 567&8 - 2016 Kinh Digu phdp Lign hoa Idy hoa sen lam bigu tupng. Ngay trgn tigu dg Kinh ciing thg hign rd npi dung cot niy chi dgy cho chiing sinh hay sdng vdi tara Phat nhu hoa sen v6n ed cda chfnh minh. Vi hoa sen khdng nhiing tupng trung cho chdn tdm Phgt tfnh, Uf tug sdng sudt thanh tinh, md eon thudng dupe ngudi till gian eiing rdt uu thfch Iran trpng. Ca dao Vigt Nam van luu truygn:
Trong ddm gl d?p bing sen,
U xanh bdng trdng Igi chen nhyy vdng, Nhyy vdng bong trdng Id xanh, Gdn biin md chdng hoi tanh mui bun.
Hoa sen la mpt lodi hoa rdt dde biet, ban chdt thanh cao cua nd hon hdn cdc lodi hoa khde. Cupe ddi cua due Phdt tir khi Ngdi ddn sinh eho din khi nhgp digt, luon ludn gdn liln vdi hoa sen. Vi vgy, hoa sen Id bilu tupng eho sy gidi tiiodt tiong Phdt gido (Chfn phdm sen vdng len gidi thodt). Khi diic Phdt dupe sinh, Ngdi di Ugn hoa sen bdy budc.
Khi dire Phdt UuyIn phdp cho Tdn gid Ca Dilp, ngdi eung cdra hoa sen. Vl vdy, dire Phgt ludn ludn dupe ton til' U^n hoa sen.
Hoa sen dy cao quy vd eiing. Nd tir dudi biin mpc len, nhung khong dfnh mill bun. Hoa sen cd hoa rape trudc hoa mpc sau, nhung khi c6 CO hpi mpc Ign gdp dnh sdng Mdt Trdi, tat cd dlu no ra, t6a mbi thoni ngdt nhu nhau. Cdc lodi hoa khde khi mpc len, mpt Uidi gian hoa ryng mdi cd qua; c6n hoa sen vira bup da c6 qud, qud bpe trong guong sen.
Hoa sen to chimg ndo thl qud vd guong sen to chimg ay. Hoa qud dong Uidi. Hoa sen cd cdi djc bigt Id budm khdng dau, sdu khdng dn, ngudi ta khong liy d l trang siie tren dau.
U i niia, hoa sen cdn cd mpt d§c tfnh niia, vi dde tfnh dd md Phgt da lay nd dg vf dy cho Digu Phdp cua Ngdi. Vay Digu Phdp dd Id gi? D6 Id Chan tdm, Phdt tfnh, tri kiln ehan tiidt. Thdy biit nhu thl ndo gpi Id thdy bigt Phdt? Thay bill nhu thl ndo la thdy bill chiing sinh? Phdi md tiiiy udi. Id thdy bill ehiing sinh. Thdy diing sy that Id thay bill Phdt.
Gid rad Uidy Uidt Id thay bill cua chiing sinh.
Thay diing sy Uidt la thiy bill Phdt. Vd thudng raa Uiay la thudng, vd nga rad Uidy Id ngd. Id thdy biit ehung sinh. Trdi Igi vd thudng thdy la vd Uiudng, vo ngd thdy Id v6 nga. Id thiy bill Phdt... Thdnh thir ihdy
Tran Hodng Himg. TAn'&wy*wiAd5ewfl^4r«>... 91 bigt Phdt la cdi Uidy bill diing chan ly, dung tinh nrdng cua su vdt. Dd
Id cdi ti,§y bigt Uiodt ra ngodi cd, khdng, Uiudng, doan. nhi bien ttieo flugn kign eua chiing sinh. Thdy bill Hidt do nd bao hdm cd tinh tii bi, hy xd, Ul tug, gidi tiioat, nen cdi Uidy bill do cao quy v6 eiing, vf nhu hoa sen d Uong bim ma khdng hdi tanh rniii biin. Hoa sen moc d trong bun Id bun gi? Phdt gido vf du biln do la philn nao cua ehiing sinh.
Phign nao do nd ldm eho cdi tiidy bill Phdt bj khudt Idp, khdng hign vd khdng mpc len dupe, cung nhu biin khudt lip hoa sen. Nhung khi thu biin dd dupe vgch ra, hoa tdt se mpc Ign. Hoa raoc Ign rtr nx.ng biln cung nhu cdi thdy bigt Phdt mpc len ni uong tdm philn ndo cua chiing sinh. Vl tiig, Thign su Chdn Nguygn da diln td:
Trdn udn sdt sdt Nhu U i ,
Chiing sinh moi ngudi mdi ed hoa sen.
Hoa Id ban tdnh ugm vign,
Bao hdra Udi ddt dudi ugn eiing bing.
Hdu hpe ed bill hay chang?
Tdra hoa umg migng. ndi ndng mpi ldi.
Diic Phgt cdn dilng hinh tupng vien ngpc uong eheo do gd ciing tii khon khd de chi cho chdn tara Uianh tjnh sdng sudt nhigm mdu eiia tdt cd ehiing sinh.
6. Tam dirgrc phan dnh trong Kinh Ldng Gia
Kinh U n g Gia tdm dn chi bay tam ciia ehu Phdt vd chiing sinh.Dogn kinh sau eho Uiaydilu ndy:
Khi iy, Dgi Bd tdt Dgi Hug hoi Phgt: Bgch Thl Tdn! Trong Kinh Phgt ndi Nhu U i tdng ty tfnh Uianh tjnh. chuyin ba rauoi hai tudng vdo uong Uidn tat ca chiing sinh, nhu hgt chau rdt quy cpt uong chgo do nho. Nhu U i tdng tiiudng uy khdng biln ddi cQng lai nhu thl cpt trong chigc do nho gidi dm nhap vd tham dye, san. si, vpng ludng chdng Uidt. cde Uui udn lao Idm 6 ul. Day la Idi diln ndi cua tdt cd ehu Phgt. Tgi sao Thg Ton dong vdi ngogi dgo ndi ed nga, ndi cd Nhu Lai tdng? Bgch The Ton! Ngogi dgo cung ndi cd tdc gid Uiudng cdn lia ngodi cau-na khap gidp chdng digt. Bgch Thl Ton! Ay la ngoai dao ndi cd ngd.
92 Nghien edu Ton giao. 567Si8 - 2016 Ddy Id mudn Thl Tdn phdt minh Nhu Lai tdng ching ddng Uiin ngd ciia ngogi dgo. Thdn nga ciia ngogi dgo chip tam phdn bigt uong Ngii udn. Tfnh Nhu Lai tang Id chi cho till tiiudng try bit biln. Thl khdng chdn vpng ma cd giae me. Me till tdm phdn bigt sinh md khdng phdi Id chdn Uf. Tam phdn bigt digt rad ching phdi Id chdn tjch. Mg ui eho la sinh, me tjch cho Id digt, thdy dlu do phdn bigt cho ngn v6 tiiudng. N I U gidc Uil phan bigt liln dut, tiidy xua khdng sinh till nay ciing khdng digt. Chd khdng sinh digt bdn ti'nh thudng try. VI trii cdi phdn biet ngn ndi Id vo nga, md ching phdi khdng cd eai ngd Nhu l.ai tdng thudng Uu bit bign. Vi dep vd nga ngn ndi chdn nga, md ching ddng vdi edi ngd phan bigt eua NgQ uin. Ngn ndi "chuyin ba muoi hai Uidng vdo tfidn chiing sinh, rad bj bupc Uong chile do nho dm gidi nhdp vd tiiam san si vpng tudng ching tiigt, cdc tiiii Udn ldm 6 ul".
Khi hign d trong mg tiii Uf tich in, sanh digt hign tiln. Phdm cd chi chdp dgu Uiupc vl phdn bigt. Day Id ly do ngogi dgo vpng chip tdc gid.
Cdu-na nic la Udn duygn.
Phgt bdo Dai Hug: Ta ndi Nhu U i tdng ching ddng cdi ngd ciia ngogi dgo ndi. Dgi Hug! Cd khi ndi khong, vd tudng, vd nguygn, nhu tiigt tg, phdp tinh, phdp Uidn, Nilt Bdn, ly tv tinh, bit sinh bit digt, bdn lai tjch iTnh. ty tfnh Nilt Bdn, nhfl-ng cdu nhu till dlu ndi Nhu Lai tdng. Nhu Lai img ciing ding chinh gidc vi dogn cdi sp vd nga cua ngu phu, ngn ndi lia vpng tudng cdnh gidi vo sd biiu cd Nhu U i tdng. Ndy Dgi Hug! Dgi B6 Tat vj lai hign tai khong ngn khdi chdp ve ngd kiln.
Ndi phdp Uidn nhu Uigt md trudc ndi Id khdng, v6 tudng, v6 nguygn. Ndi ty tfnh Nilt Bdn md trude ndi lia tvr tfnh, bdt sinh bit digt, xua nay la tjch tinh. Day Id Thl Ton vi ndi canh gidi vd sd hiiu, m6n Nhu U i tdng vgy. Nhu Lai ban diu vl chung sinh chip ngu udn Id ngd nen noi vd ngd. Sau Igi vi Thanh vdn chip phdp vd ngd mg lira ty tinh, nen ndi chan ngd. Kinh Nilt Bdn noi: "Cdc dng ngn bill, Uudc dd tu tgp vo Ihudng, kho. khdng, vo nga, ching phai Id phdp ehan thdt, vi nhu raiia xudn cd nhirng ngudi tim trong hd Idn. ngdi thuyin dgo chd bdng Idra roi hgt ehdu luu ly chim tgn ddy nude. Khi dy mpi ngudi Uiay deu ign xudng nude mo Um hgt chau. gidnh nhau nim Idy ngdi di CO cay sgn soi. raoi ngudi nr bdo dupe chau luu ly. vui ve dem len mo, bigt ehdng phdi chdu. Lue dy bdo chau vin cdn d trong nude vi
let
Tran Hoang Himg. Tam" Irong kinh Oa, Phat giao... 93 the lye cua chau ngn nude dupe long Uong. Bdy gid loan Uil ddng
^\ thay hgt chau vdn con dudi nude, vf nhu ngude xem Mat Trang uong Biib "'"'S- Trong chiing cd rapt ngudi uf diing sue phuong tign, nhe 41^ nhang Cham rai Idn xudng nude liln Idy dupe hgt chdu. Ty kheo cac
ong. Chdng nen tu tap vd Uiudng, khd, khdng, vd nga, bdt tinh v v nhu Uie. cho la nghTa dial. Nhu nhimg ngudi kia mdi ngudi luom ngdi ggch CO edy sgn sdi md eho Id bdo chdu. Cde dng phdi kheo hoe phuong uen d khdp mpi noi Uiudng m tudng ngd, Urdng Uiudng, lae, tmh. Nhu nguo. Uf kia kheo lupra dupe hg, chdu, la ndi mdng nga tirong Uiudng, Igc, tinh". Thl mdi bii,, khi Nhu Lai ndi vd ngdld y d chd Chan ngd,_chi vi ddi tri phdm phu ngogi dgo. Cho ngn chd lira cua nh. thua Id chd sp cua phdm phu ddu bill Da vpng chfnh vi hiln chan C^'^&cnvo sd hiiu Nhu Ui idng radn ndy ching ddng vdi ngoai dao i s a j L cho tiiue Id ngd, chip urdng tdc gid. B . ago '*• V . ™ ""tr ngudi thp gdm noi rapt ddng dit dimg phuong tign nhan
cong, nuoe, edy, bdnh xe quay md ldm Uidnh cdc mdn dd Nhu Lai m cung Igi nhu Uig, ndi phdp vd ngd lia til cd tudng vpng nrdng dung edc m thu Ul nif phuong tign kheo Igo, hojc ndi Nhu U i tdng, hoac ndi vd kt nga. Boi nhdn duygn ay ngn ndi Nhu Ui tdng ching ddng edi ngd eua U ngogi dgo ndi, dy gpi la ndi Nhu Lai tdng. Vi khai ddn cdi chdp nga
„, cua ngogi dgo ngn ndi Nhu Ui tdng khiln hp Ua vpng mdng ngd kiln .(I ehdng Uigt vdo cdnh gidi tam gidi Uiodt mon, hy vpng ehdng dupe Vd to thupng Chfnh ddng Chdnh gide. Thl ngn Nhu Lai iing ciing ding
^, chmh gidc khdi ndi Nhu U i tdng nhu till. Nlu khdng nhu vdy i t . ^ dong vm ngogi dgo. Thl ngn Dgi Hug! VI lia kiln chip cua ngogi dao
^, nen y Nhu U i tdng vd nga. Day Igi bdy rd Nhu Lai diing ede tiiu uf S. tt^? phuong tign khgo Igo, hodc ndi vo nga, hodc ndi Nhu Lai tdng Id
^^ de lan nhau phdt minh nga mdng Uianh tjnh Nhu Lai. Vi khai din i'. y°^'. '^^° ""^P " ^ ^'^^ "^ "8^ ki^n t^hdng Uidt. Thl nen rti sau ndi
Pha, y noi Nhu U i tdng vd ngd i y Id nghTa quylt dinh vdy". Kinh Nie. Bdn vl Igp vf dy Uidy Uiudc radi vd tiidy thudc cu, md lai vi uong ehung xudng Idi rang: Ty kheo phdi bill, edc ngogi dao ndi Id ngd do V. nhu ttilng dn cay ngau nhign Uidnh chii. Thl ngn, Nhu U i d uong Phg, phdp ndi Id v6 ngd, vi diiu phye chung sanh, vl bii, Uidi ngn not NO nga. Cho nen ed nhan duyen cQng ndi cd ngd. Nhu dng Uidy Id
94 Nghien cdU Ton gido. 5678,8 - 2016 Uiudc gidi kia khgo biit sira Id tiiudc, hay ching phai Uiudc, khdng phai nhu phdm phu chap ngd vay.
Hinh dnh dnh Udng Uong Kinh Ldng gia trd ihdnh bilu tupng eiia chdn tam sdng sudt da di vdo thi ca Vigt Nam trong "Truy tdn Phdp Van tu Ti-ni-da-luu-ehi thiln su" ciia Ly Thdi Tdng:
Sdng tu Nam lai qude, van qudn ciiu tap tiiign.
LTng khai chu Phgl tin, Vien hop nhat tdm nguyen.
Hgo hgo Ldng Gid nguygt, Phan phan Bdt Nhd lign.
Ha thdi lam dign kiln, Tuong dOf thogi triing huyln ( U n ddu din nude Nam,
Dupe bill ngudi am hilu rdt sau sic dgo Thiln.
Ngn da md rpng gido ly eiia cdc phgt,
Khign ngudi ddi sau hda hpp dupe vdi epi ngudn chii tdm.
Trdng U n g Gid sdng ving v§c.
Sen Bdt nhd ngdt hucmg thorn.
Bao gid dupe gdp mjt nhau,
De ciing ddm lugn vl ly lg v6 eimg huyln digu.) (Tha vdn Ly Trdn, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hpi, Hd Npi, 1977)
Ciing ngam Igi hai cdu kit Uong tuygt tde "Cdo Igt Uij chiing" ciia Uiien su Man gidc thdi Ly d l luu giS mpt tupng ddi nghg thugt tuygt dep vd v6 ciing sinh dpng vl hinh tupng mpt nhdnh mai nd hoa trong dem tdi dil miia xudn da qua di, bilu tupng cua chdn tdm Phgl tinh Chan Uigt, khong sinh khong digt cua tit cd ehiing sinh, cung Id ciia chiing ta:
"Mac vj xudn tdn hoa Igc tgn, Dinh tign tgc dg nhdt chi mai"
Tran Ho»ig Himg. Tarn" tmng kinh dien Phat giaa.. 95 (Chd bao xuan tdn hoa rung hit,
Dem qua sdn uudc mpt nhanh mai.)
Tdm lai, hdu hit cde tdc phdm van hpc Phdt sido dlu de cdp din chu tam, nhdt la van hpc Bat Nha Bic ttuyln. Tam chfnh Id ddimong phan anh, chigm nghigra tieu bilu. Tara la mpt pham uii vd eimg rang Ion, mm mpng vd sdu kin, nlu hdi hpt hoac phdn tfch mdt each mdy moc Uu khd cd Uig nam bat, nlu khdng mudn ndi la khdng Uil Thl dyng, nnh, mdng ciia tdm vd eimg ky digu chi cd till d Uong uang tiidi thdt dinh ITnh ldng long cdra Uiy. Su sang tgo mygt vdi. su lun- Unh huyen ao, sy phong phii da dgng vd bign eiia van hoc ndi ehung van hpc Phgt gido ndi rieng, ed le khdng ngoai mpt chd "tdm" nay'Cdc van SI Phgt gido ludn hudng din cdi tam sdng sudt Uanh tinh. rtr bi vd nga vo chap, vo Uy - mpt Uang Uiai tdm hodn todn gidi tiiodt khdng bi no 1?, dmh raac vdo bdt eii tiiir gi. Thiln su - Van sT Phdt gido cam Uiy vd Uie nghigm ehan ly tiiye tai ddi sdng rapt each uuc tilp nhu chfnh no dang Id, khdng tiiong qua bdt ky lang kfnh ndo, bing chdn tdra Phdt tinh, tao ngn net hdp ddn rieng ciia cde tdc phira van hpc Phdt gido ft nhieu gdp phdn cdng hign chut huong hoa Idra dep cupe ddi./.
TAlLIfU THAM KHAO
'• N ^ 2 ^ " " " ^ '"" '^- """ "^"^^ ™'^'' ^" T*"" *'"• Nxb. Ton giio. Ha
'• Ht^^:&Z''2Z'"' ™'' " ^ '' ''''• ™^ >* "* 8.io Tp.
^ tanh. Phip bao din tanh...,. H6a thigng TWch Duy I ^ dich, Nxb. Tp. Hi 4. Kinh Duy Ma. Doin Tmng C6n dich. Nxb. T6n giio. Ha Npi 2007
5. Ung gia Dgi thira kinh. Tdn Tu4n Min dich. Nxb. Tp. H 6 CM Minh. 2008 6. """"dnty Tran. tip 1A3 Nxb. Khoa hpc xi hpi. Hi N6i 1989
7. Lm. Hifp (1999,. Vd« ^ aieu long. Phan Ngpc dich. Nxb. VSn hpc Hi Npi
96 Nghien cilli Ton giao. 5678,8 - 2016 Abstract
"HEARr' IN THE SUTRAS OF MAHAYANA BUDDHIST SCHOOL
If you use the v/ords "compassion" and "wisdom" to generalize Uie Buddhist principles, you will use a word "Heart" to generalize Uie basic contents of tiie entire literature of Mahayana Buddhism. "Heart"
is an object and contents, and it is simultaneously Uie ultimate goal of Uie Buddhist writers. Illumination, insight, overcome vicious circle, freedora from sufferings six paths of reincarnation, and then making efforts of rescue human beings frora misery are zen poets' target. In oUier words, alraost the Mahayana Buddhism scriptures describe, contemplate tiie word "Heart" in all aspects, in different arts. In Uiis article, the autiior examines aspects of "Heart" which were reflected in some important texts of tiie Mahayana Buddliism and in Vietnam Buddhist literature to clarify this view.
Keywords: Heart, suUa, Buddhism, Mahayana.
