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TANG CadNG XAY DliNG DAO DQC CONG VU dNI/dCTAHIENNAY
• TS NGUYEN TRONG BINH Hoc vien Chinh tri Khu vue IV
• Tom tdt: Tdng cUdngxdy diing dao diic cong vu (DDCV) d Viet Nam hien nay co vai tro quan trgng gop phdn xdy dUng he thong chinh tri trong sach, vang manh, hoat dpng co hieu hic, hieu qud. Xdy diing DDCV thiic chdt Id diia vdn hda vdo trong chinh tri cung nhtildm cho vdn hoa (cot loi Id dao dtic) lan toa, thdm sdu trong cdc quan he vd hoat dpng cotig vu, tii do ldm cho viec s^ dung quyen Itic vd hogt dpng cdng vu that sii vi ldi ich cua nhan dan. Bdi viet phdn tich sii cdn thiet cua viec tdng cUdngxdy diing DDCV; dong thdi ie xudt mgt so gidi phdp nhdm xdy diing DDCV d Viet Nam hien nay.
• THkhoa: dgo dUc congvu.
1. Sir can thiet ciia viec xay dung dao diic cong vu ff nird'c ta
Nhan manh vai trd va tdm quan trpng cua xay dimg van hda cdng vu (trong do cdt ldi la dao dire edng vu). Van kien Dai hdi XII ciia Dang chi rd: "Xay dung van hda trong chinh trj va kinh td. Chu trgng cham lo xay dung van hda trong Dang, trong cac co quan nha nude va cac doan the; coi day la nhan td quan trgng de xay dung he thdng ehinh tri trong saeh, vimg manh""'.
Co nhieu quan niem vd dao due cdng vu, nhung CO tiid hieu DDCV la dao diic cua can bd, cdng chiie trong thue thi cdng vu. Dd la nhimg gia tri, chuan muc, tieu ehuan ma can bp, edng chijc can phai tudn tiiu ttong qua ttinh thuc tiii nhiem vu nhdm duy tri va thuc hien tdt Igi ich cdng, dd la:
Mpt la, phuc vu nhan dan (hay cdn gpi Id phue vu edng). Hoat ddng chinh tri, boat ddng cdng vu eiia td ehirc va ed nhdn (can bd, cdng chiic]
can phai hudng den mue tieu, mue dieh duy nhdt Id khdng ngimg ndng cao chat luong cupc sdng ciia nhan dan: "het ldng, het sire phung su Td qudc, phue vu nhdn dan, lay ahi no, hanh phiie vd su hai long ciia nhan ddn lam muc tieu phdn dau, Khdng lam bat eii viec gi ed hai eho Dang, cho ddt nude va nhdn dan"'^'.
Haili, ditlaiieb eonglen trenhet, trudchit.
Lpi ieh cdng la Ipi ich cua nhan ddn, eiia qudc gia - dan tdc. Trong tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, "ehi edng vd tu"; "dl cdng vi tiiugng" la yeu cau dat Ipi ich cdng len tren bet, trudc het. Viec tiiire thi edng vu can chdng vd khac phuc eac bieu hien di nguge vdi loi ieh cdng, nhir hien mgng "loi ich nhdm"; "loi ich cue bd" va chu nghia cd nhan
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T H l / C T I E N - K I N H NGHIEMNam 2019. hodn thdnh triin khai mm 61 thu tuc hanh chinh tren Ca che mpt cua quoc gia _ Anh • IT
(tham d, tiiam nhung, Igi dung chiie vu, quyen ban de true loi).
Ba li, trach nhiem cong gdm eae trdch nhiem ehinh tri; trdch nhiem phap ludt; trdch nhiem hdnh ehinh va trdch nhiem neu guong ve dao due. Trach nhiem chinh tri Id tuyet ddi trung thanh vdi Td qude, vdi nhan dan; het Idng, het site phung suTo qudc; kip ihdi giai quyei nhung yeu cau va nhu cau hgp phap, chinh ddng cua nhan ddn. Trdch nhiem phap ludl ed nghia la phai tudn thu day dii va nghiem tue quy dinh eua phdp ludt trong thuc thi cdng vu; ddng thdi ganh chiu hdu qua phdp ly neu cd hanh vi trdi phdp luat, Trdch nhiem hdnh chinh la ludn quan tdm den viee ndng cao nang sudt, chat lugng vd hieu qua trong thuc thi edng vu. Trach nhiem neu guong ve dao dire ehinh la guong man ve dao diic va Idi
sdng ca trong gia dinh va ngodi xa hdi; lam guong ve dao diic eho xa hdi.
Bdn la, cong bing trong thuc thi eong vu. Cd nghia la edn edng bdng trong thuc thi edng vu, khdng phan biet ddi xir, cdn nd luc de lam cho tai ca mgi ngudi deu ed the tham gia vao Uen trinh phat ttien va thu hudng thanh qua cua phdt trien.
Nam la, luon c6 y thuc su dung bop ly, tiit kiem va hieu qui ngudn luc cong. Ndi each klidc, ngudi thue thi edng vu cdn eoi lai san, ngudn lue eua nhd nude, cua tap the nhu tai san vd ngudn luc cua ban thdn minh, gia dinh minh, khde phuc hien tugng: "Quyet dinh hoac td chirc tiiuc hien gay lang phi, thdt tiioat tai chinh, tdi san, ngan sach nhd nude, dat dai, tai nguyen...; ddu tu cdng tran lan, hieu qua thap hoae khdng hieu qud; chi tieu cdng quy tuy tien,
LY LUAN CHlNHTRi-So 5/2019
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vd nguyen tde. Sit dung lang phi nguon nhdn lyc, phi pham tiidi gian lao ddng"'3i.
Sau /a, dan chd Can bd, cdng chiic edn thue hien cdng khai thdng tin de dam bao "quyen duoc bidt" ciia cdng dan, cung nhu khich le su thamgiaciia cdng dan, biet ldng nghe, ddi thoai vdi nhan dan; khong dan chii hinh thiic, khdng dgc doan, gia truong, thidu dan ehii trong ehi dao, didu hanh.
Y\ec tang cudng xay dung dao diie edng vu d Viet Nam hien nay la cap bach va rat can thiet, ni^t phat tCr nhiing ly do chu yeu sau day:
Thii nhit, xuat phit tCr tam quan trong etia dm dlic cong vu trong viec xiy dung he thdng chinh tri tiong sach, vung manh, hoat dpng co hi?u luc, hieu qua. Hd Chi Minh ludn nhan manh dao diic chinh tri, dao diie cdng vu cua ddi ngii cdn bd, dang vien. Ngudi coi dao dire eua ngudi can bp, dangvien nhu ngudn eua sudi, gde cila cay. Dao due cdng vu quan trgng, vi: (i) td chiic cdng va edn bd, edng chiic la ngudi sir dung quy^n luc cdng, phdn phdi lgi ieh edng, hoat dgng cong vu nen anh huong rgng rai den lgi ieh va cupc sdng ciia ngudi dan. Do dd, neu viec thuc tiii cdng vu dua tren cdc ehuan mue dao due thi se anh hudng tieh cue den Igi ieh va cude sdng ciia nhieu ngudi dan, Nguge lai, viee thue thi cdng vu khdng dua tren cac chuan mue dao dlic se anh hudng tieu cue den cupc sdng cua nhieu ngudi dan. (ii) dao diic cdng vu thuc hien chiic nang dieu chlnh va kiem sodt hanh vi ma phap luat va cache dan ehu khdng tiie thuc hien
^iroc. Trong thuc thi cdng vu, phap ludl va ca che dan chii cd vai ttd quan trpng trong viee ehe wdc va kiem scat hanh vi etia dpi ngu cdn bd, cdng chiic. Tuy nhien, dieu nay mdi chi la dieu kien "can" ma chua phai la dieu kien "dii". Dieu kien dii chinh la luong tam, dao dire ciia ngudi thuc thi cdng vu. Boi \d, khi dao dire edng vu that
su la mdt tiianh td ndm ttong lam tri cua can bd, edng ehiie, thi nd se tao ra mdt siie manh ndi sinh tiiuc day ngudi thue thi edng vu khi ed su gidng xe giira Igi ich tu va lgi ieh cdng ed the dua ra dugc su lua ebon hanh vi ed Ipi cho lgi ieh cdng. Vl the, su tu gidc ve mat dao diic cua ngudi can bd, edng chiic gdp phan ngan ngira mdt sd hien lugng tieu cue trong tiiuc tiii phdp ludt. (iii) dao diie edng vu Id yeu td then chdt bao dam hieu qua thue thi cdng vu, Tac dung quyet dinh cua dao dire cdng vu ddi vdi hieu qua thuc thi cdng vu tiie hien dhai khia canh:'^' Mptli, tiit kiem chi phi giao dieh. Trong boat ddng cdng vu, chi phi giao dich duge hieu la nhung chi phi phat sinh khi ede ca quan hoac chu the thuc thi cdng vu thuc hien viec huy dpng ngudn luc, thuc tin chinh sdch va eung ting dich vu edng, Thuc thi cdng vu dua tren cdc chuan mue dao diic se gdp phan ha thdp chi phi thdng tin, chi phi hoaeh dinh chinh sach, chi phi thuc thi va chi phi giam sat; ddng Ihdi cd tdc dung khde phuc mdt sd thieu sdt dan den su lang phi. Viec thue thi cdng vu dua tren ede chuan muc dao diic se ed duoc niem tin nhieu ban ttr phia ngudi ddn, vi the eang cd kha nang nhdn dugc su iing hd vd hgp tdc ciia ngudi ddn. Hai li, tiet kiem cbi phi ehuyen hoa ngudn luc. Omdtnghlanaodd, tiiuc thi cdng vu chinh la qua trinh chu die thuc tiii edng vu ehuyen hda nhan luc, vat luc, tai luc va thdng tin nhdm cung dng dich vu cdng eho xa hdi. Dao due cdng vu se gdp phan ban che su hao tdn ve ngudn luc trong qua trinh nay, tir dd nang eao hieu qua phuc vu cdng. Neu thieu dao dire edng vu se ddn den lam dung chdc quyen, tiiieu trdch nhiem, true Ipi vd tiiam nhung trong qua trinh phue vu edng, tir dd anh hudng lieu cue den chdt lugng va hieu qua phuc vu cdng,
Thu hai, xuat phat tu diuc trang dao dire cong Vll dnirde tahien nay. Trong cdng eudc ddi mdi.
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THl/CTIEN-KINH NGHIEM tren eo sd tham nhuan tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve xdy dung dao diic vd nhdm khde phue, han ehe mpt sd yeu kem ttong dao diic edng vu, Dang vd Nhd nude ludn coi ttpng viee xdy dung dao dire cdng vu. Chu truong xay dimg van hda trong chirtii tri, cung nhu eoi xay dung Dang ve dao dire vdi tu each Id mdt trong cac ndi dung cua cdng tac xay dung Dang da cho thdy nhan thiic eua Dang ve tam quan trgng ciia dao diic edng vu va xdy dung dao diie edng vu. Do cdng tac xay dimg dao dire cdng vu timg budc duge eoi trgng nen dao diic cdng vu d nude ta ed nhieu im diem. Tuy nhien, ben eanh nhirng uu diem, dao dire cdng vu d nude ta cdn mpt sd ban che, yeu kem: "Tinh trang suy thoai ve tu tudng chinh tri, dao dlic, ldi sdng cua mdt bd phan khdng nhd can bd, dang vien chua hi day liii, ed mat, ed bd phan cdn didn bidn tinh vi, phuc tap hon; tham nhung, lang phi, tieu cue van edn nghiem trgng, tap tmng vao sd dang vien cd chiic vu trong bd maynhanudc"'^'.Nhin ttr chuan muc phuc vu nhan dan, van edn mdt bd phan can bd, cdng ehire ehua that su phuc vu nhdn ddn; lay su "gidu cd eua gia dmh va ban thdn lam mue lieu phan dau" ma "ehua lay dm no, hanh phuc va su hdi long eua nhan ddn lam mue tieu phan ddu",
Nhin ttr chuan muc lai ieh cong, van cdn mdt bp phdn edn bd, cdng chiic chua dat Ipi Ich cua nhan dan, eua dat nude, eua dan tdc len tten bet, trirde het; "ca nhan ehu nghia, sdng ieh ky, thue dung, CO hdi, vu Igi; chi lo thu ven ca nhdn, khdng quan tam den lgi ieh tap the; tham d, tham nhung, lpi dung chiic vu, quyen ban cau ket vdi doanh nghiep, vdi ddi hrgng khae de tmc Igi. Lgi dung, lam dung chiic vu, quyen ban dupe giao de dung tiing, bao che, tiep tay eho tham nhung, lieu cue; sii dung quyen Igc duge giao de phuc \ai loi ich ca nhdn hoac de ngudi than,
ngudi quen lpi dung chiic vu, quyen han cua minh dd true lgi"''.
Nhin tti chuan muc tried nhiem eong, van cdn mdt bd phan edn bd, cdng chiic quan lieu, xa rdi quan chiing, khdng sdu sdt co sd, thidu kiem tta, ddn ddc, khdng ndm chdc tinh hinh dia phirong, ca quan, don vi mmh; tiid a, vd cam, thieu ttach nhiem trudc nhirng khd khan, biic xuc va ddi hoi ehinh dang ciia nhan dan; van cdn hien tupng cd y lam trai ede quy dinh ciia phap ludt trong thue thi edng vu; bao thii, tri tte, thieu nang ddng, sdng tao; ngai rim tdi, ddi mdi; ndng suat, chat lugng va hieu qua lam viee edn thdp; mdt sd can bd, cdng ehiie chua guong mdu ve dao dire va loi sdng vdi cde bieu hien nhu: sdng, sinh hoat, lieu dting, giai tri xa hoa, lang phi; "danh bac, rupu che be tha, me U'n di doan, ung hd hoac tham gia cdc td chirc tdn giao bat hgp phap. Sa vao cac te nan xa hdi, vi pham thuan phong, my tuc, truyen thdng van hda tdt dep cua dan tge, ehuan mue dao dlic gia dinh vd xa hdi"''',
Nhin tir chuan muc cong bang trong thuc thi cong vu. Dai hdi XII chi rd: "Tren mpt sd mat, mdt sd linh vue, mdt bg phdn nhan dan ehua duge thu hudng ddy dii, edng bang thanh qua ciia cdng eudc doi mdi"'^'. Trong thuc ridn thuc thi cdng vu, van cdn rinh trang thien vi, uu ai eho mOl sd doanh nghiep, chua tao cahdi binh ddng va cdng bang eho cac doanh nghiep thupc mpi tiianh phdn kinh te; van cdn bieu hien phan biet ddi xir, hien tugng cd "bdi Iran" thi duge uu ai vd tao thudn lgi trong giai quyet cdng viee, cdn ngudi "khdng quen", khdng cd "bdi tron"
thi gdy khd dd trong cung ung dich vu van cdn tdn tai d mdt sd noi. Nhin tir ciiuan myc sir dung hop ly, tiit kiem va hieu qua nguon luc cong van edn tinh ttang "quyet dinh hoac to chuc thue hien gay lang phi, that tiiodt tai chinh, tai san, ngan sdch nha nude, dat dai, tai nguyen...;
LYLUAN CHINHTRI-So 5/2019
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dau tit cdng ttan lan, hieu qua thap hoae khdng hieu qua; chi tieu cdng quy tuy tien, vo nguyen tSc. Sli dung lang phi ngudn nhan luc, phi pham thoi gian lao dpng"'^'.
Nhin tirebuan muc din chti, mdt sd co quan va can bp, cdng chiie "ehua eoi trgng viee thuc hien cdng khai, minh bach de dam bao "quydn dugc biet" cua dang vien va nhan dan cdng nhu phat huy vai trd giam sat ttong to chire Dang va nhan dan; vi pham nguydn tdc tap trung dan chu, dan chu hinh thiie; ddc dodn, chuyen quyfe, gia tnrdng, quan lieu, thidu dan chu ttong dli dao, dieu hanh"'"", "dinh kien vdi ngudi gdp y,phebinh""".
Thu ba, xuat phit tu ddi mdi va phit trien trong boi canh xiy dung nen kinh ti thi trudng va boi nhip qudc ti Xay dung, phat trien nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng XHCN va tich cue, chu ddng hdi nhap qudc td Id phuang hudng ldn trong xay dung CNXH d Viet Nam hien nay. Ben canh nhiing tdc dpng tich cue, kinh te thi trudng va qua trinh hdi nhap qude id cung ed nhung tac dpng tidu cue den linh vue vdn hda, dao diie d nude ta. Kinh te thi tnidng la co che kinh td lam cho viec phan bd cac ngudn lire phdt trien trd nen hieu quabon, nhung d6 lam eon ngudi tuyet ddi hda gid tri ddng tien, tu do hinh thanh ehu nghia "simg bai ddng tien"; quan he gia tri - tten te rat de tiiara nhap vao cac quan he va boat ddng cua khu vire cdng, tir dd, lam suy yeu eae gia tri CO ban ciia dao diie edng vu. Cho nen, de han che tac ddng mat trdi nay eang can phai coi trgng viec xay dung DDCV. Tuong tir nhu kmh tethi trudng, qua ttinh hpi nhap qude te trong bdi canh toan cau hda tao dieu kien de chung ta tranh thii vdn, kinh nghiem quan ly va khoa hpc cdng nghe tien tien phuc vu eho mue tieu phat trien. Tuy nhien, ben eanh dd, viee thuc hien
"mff" vdi ben ngoai eiing tao eohdi de chu nghia
ci nhan ve dao due "^i tiidm nhap lam xdi mdn edc gia tri dao diic, nhu: chii nghia tap the, lgi ieh tap the, loi ieh chung ttong cde quan he xa hdi, cung nhu ttong boat dpng ciia khu vue cdng.
Trong bdi cdnh nay, cdng can phai coi ttong vide xay dung DDCV.
3. Mot so giai phap nham tang cirtnig xay dirng dao diic cong vu ff nird'c ta
De tang eudng xdy dung DDCV d nirdc ta hien nay, ben canh viec coi ttgng su tu giac ren luyen vd thuc hdnh DDCV eiia ban tiian mdi edn bd, edng ehiic, can quan tdm thuc hien tdt mdt sd giai phap sau:
Thunhat, tdng kit thuc tiin vi nghien cuu ly luan dexac lap he thdng chuan muc, gii tri dao due cong vu. Yeu cdu ve xdy dung van hda, dao dlic, trong dd cd xay dung dao due cdng vu dang ddt ra nhu edu biic thidt ddi vol viec xdc lap he thdng gia tti, chuan mue van hda va dao dire d nude ta hien nay, De ddp ung yeu eau xay dung dao diic cdng vu hien nay, cdn khan truong tdng ket vd nghien ciiu de xdc lap he thdng chuan mue, gia tri ve dao diic cdng vu. Nghien ciru thuc tidn ctia nhieu qude gia cho thdy, tuy mdi nude de ra ehuan muc, tieu ehuan khde nhau ve dao dlic cdng vu, song nhiing gid tti, chuan mue sau deu dugc hdu het cae nude nhdn manh va thita nhan, dd la: i) phuc vu cdng (phue vu nhan dan);
ii) lgi ieh cdng; iii) trdeh nhiem cdng (gdm ttdch nhiem chinh tri, trach nhiem phap luat, trdeh nhiem hanh ehinh vd ttach nhiem neu guang ve dao dire); iv) edng bangxa hdi; v) sir dung hgp ly, hieu qua ngudn lue cdng; vi) cdng khai, mmh bach va phat huy dan chu.
Thuhai, lim cho he thdngthe chi die hien day du eic ehuan mue, gia tri dao due. Max Weber cho rang: "mgi ngirdi tin tudng vao the chd khdng phai la tm tudng vao ban tiian the che, ma la tin tudng vao dinh hudng gid tti dao diie eua die ehe
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THl/C TIEN-KINH NGHIEM dd""^'. Tir quan diem ndy eiia Max Weber ta thay, con dudng hieu qua nhat dd xdy dung DDCV chinh la nd luc de lam eho he thdng the ehe (theo nghia hep) that su phan anh vd thd hien day du cac gid tri dao diie tdt dep. Hoat dpng cdng vu ciia ddi ngd can bd, cdng chirc phdn nhieu la boat ddng thuc tiii the ehe. Do dd, neu the che tiie hien day du cde gid tri dao diic thi cd tdc dung khoi day tinh cam dao diic vd thtic day hanh vi dao due ciia can bd, edng ehiic.Thu ba, xiy dung va hoan thien phap luit ve dao due eong vu. Thdng qua phdp luat dd xae lap ede ehuan muc ciia dao diie edng vu va thtic day viec thue hanh dao due cdng vu la mdt phuong dien khdng the thieu trong xay dung dao dire cdng vu. Den nay, nhie'u nude tren the gidi (dien hinh la cde nude OECD) da ban hanh Ludt dao due edng vu. 6 Nhat Ban, dao dire cdng vu da duge the che hda ttong Ludt Dao dire edng ehiic nhd nude va Quy dinh ve dao diic cdng chiic nha nude. 6 Anh, dao dire edng vu duge quy dinh trong "Ludt phdng ehong tham nhung", "Tieu ehuan hanh vi cua cdng chiic hanh ehinh cap dia phirong". Tai Canada, dao dire edng vu duoc quy dinh trong "Luat dao diic chinh phii Canada", "Lualvexungddtlgi ich", "Tieuchuan hanhvi irong phuc vu cdng",,. O n u d c t a hien nay, cac chuan muc vd yeu cau ve dao dire cdng vu da dugc the hien trong nhieu van ban phdp luat, nhu Hien phap nam 2013; Luat Can bd, cdng chue; Ludt Vien ehiic; Luat Phdng, chdng tham nhung sira ddi nam 2018... Tuy nhien, nude ta vdn chua xdy dimg duge mpt luat rieng quy dinh ve dao diic edng vu. Do dd, de dap irng yeu cau ve tang cudng xdy dung DDCV trong bdi canh mdi hien nay, can nghien cuu de xdy dung va ban banh Luat dao diie edng vu hay Luai dao dire ciia edng ehiic. Viee ban hanh luat nay khdng nhirng ed tde dung neu len cde nguyen
tde, chuan muc ve dao due edng vu, ma edn dua ra nhiing quy dinh cu till vd muc dich dao due, hanh vi dao due va cdng cu dao diie irong qud trinh can bd, cdng chirc tiep xuc, ldm viee vdi ea quan, xa hdi, doanh nghiep va ea nhan cdng dan.
Hon nira, viec ban hanh luat nay se tao ea sd phap ly cho hoat ddng giam sat viec tiiuc thi dao dlic cdng vu ttong he thdng chinh tri.
Thu tu, tang cudng giio due dao due cong vu cho dpi ngu can bp, eong chuc tren cosd hinh thanh ea quan chuyen trach ve dio tao, bdi duongdao duceongvii va ddi mdi phuang phap giao due dao due eong vu. Gido due dao diic edng vu cho dpi ngii can bg, edng chiic la qud trinh lam cho can bg, cdng chuc hieu duge cdc gia tri eiia dao dire cdng vu va rieu ehuan hartii vi trong thuc thi cdng vu, qua dd khoi day dgng ca dao dire vd thuc day hanh vi dao dire eiia can bd, edng ehiic. Cdt Idi eua giao due dao diic cdng vu la lam cho can bd, cdng chirc hieu dugc vai trd va nghia vu cua minh, hieu dugc gid tri vd y nghia ciia cdng viec ma ban than minh dang thuc hien; ndm dugc eae lieu ehuan hanh vi trong thue thi cdng vu. Hien nay, d nhieu nude tren the gidi (didn hinh la eac nude OECD) deu da thanh lap ca quan ehuyen trach thuc hien ehire nang dao tao, bdi dudng ve dao diic cdng vu. Co quan nay se chiu trach nhiem cbinh trong viec thiet ke chuong ttinh dao tao, bdi dudng ve dao due cdng vii; td chiie eac khda dao tao, bdi dudng dinh ky cho cdc ddi tuong khae nhau; xdy dung cam nang hudng dan ve dao due cdng vu.
Viec dao tao, bdi dudng khdng nang ve ly thuyet, coi ttgng ban viec hudng dan thuc hanh dao due cdng vu cho ngudi hoc; giiip cho ngudi hgc cd klia nang dua ra lira chon hop Iy irong bdi canh ed su xung ddt gitra Ipi ich tu va Igi fch edng.
Thu nam, coi trong phit huy tinh tuebii ciia can bp, eong chuc vi time hinh dan chti rongrii
LYLUAN CHINH TRI-So 5/2019
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trofig CO quan, dan vi. Tocqueville cho rdng:
"viec hinh thanh dao diic cdng tdt dep khdng phai chil yeu la nghe giang d tren lap, cung khdng phai la nhirng tiiuyet giao ttdng rdng, ma la thdng qua su tham gia chinh tri thue te de cd dugc tti tiiue ve chinh tri, hinh thanh nen ky nang chinh tri, ttr do tao ra dao dire edng tdt dep""'". Chinh vi le do, ngudi diing dau eae ea quan, don vi cdn tin tudng ddi ngu can bg, edng chuc, coi trgng phat huy tinh nang dpng, sang tao cua hp ttong boat ddng thuc thi cdng vu, phat huy nang luc tu quan, tu kiem sodt, tir chii cua dpi ngu edn bg, cdng ehiie trong qua trinh giiii quyet nhirng cdng viee ed lien quan. Lanh dao coquan, don vi can khich le ddi ngu can bd, cdng chiic tham gia vdo qua trinh xay dung va ban hanh cde quyet dinh quan trgng eua to chuc, tdn ttpng va tiep thu nhiing y kien hgp ly cua can bd, edng chire. Td chiic cdng can ed vu y Ihiic ddi mdi va bdi dudng nang luc ddi mdi cho can bp, cdng chiie; tao khdng khi tin tudng, hgp tac va ddi mdi ttong td chiic. Thdng qua viec chia se tbdng tin, quyen ban hdnh quyet dinh vd cung ganh vdc trach nhiem de gdp phan phdt trien nhdn each ciia can bd, cdng chire. Viec cdng chiic tham gia ddn chu vdo qua trinh ban hanh cac quyet dinh quan trgng cua td ehiic cung la cdch de mdi can bd, cdng chue khang djnh gia tti ciia ban than, gdp phan thue hien su thdng nhat giiia gid tri ca the va gid tn ehung.
Thir sau, thue hien cong khai, minh bach trong hoat dpng eong vu; ting cudng hoat dpng thanh tra, kiem tra va giam sit. Cdng khai, minh hach trong hoat ddng cdng vu vdi xdy dimg dao due cdng vu cd mdi quan he bien ehiing vdi nhau. Viec thue hien cdng khai, minh bach vira ia mpt ehuan muc ve dao diic edng vu, vtra la phuong tiiirc dd nhan dien, phdt hien, ngan ngira cac bieu hien suy thoai ve dao diic cdng vu.
Bdi vi, "chi cd edng khai thdng tin mdi tao eo sd cho cae td ehirc xa hdi, bao chi va ngirdi ddn phat huy vai trd trong ngan ehan xung dot Igi ieh vd tham nhung, dp lue eiia cdng chung cdn lam cho nha nude lap irung giai quyet van de xung dot loi ieh va tham nhung""^'. Di Uen vdi viee thuc hien cdng khai, minh bach, can phdt huy siie manh tdng hop eua cac kenh tiianh tra, kiem tra, giam sdt, nhat Id phat huy martii me vai trd gidm sdt cua bdo chi, ede td chire xa hdi va ngudi ddn trong hoat ddng cdng vu va ttong thue hdnh dao diie edng vu cua dpi ngu edn bd, cdng ehiic.
Thu bay, decao vai tro neu guong cua cin bp lanh dao vi ngudi dung diu. Hd Chi Minh dac biet nhan manh lam quan ttgng ciia neu guong trong xdy dung dao diic each mang. Ngirdi cho rang, ddi vdi cac ddn tdc phuang Ddng tiii "mdt tdm guong sdng edn cd gid tri hon mdt tram bai difin van tuyen truyen".'^^' Trong thuc lien, ddau dd viec thuc hien dao dire edng vu cdn ehua dat yeu cau de ra la do mdt sd can bd lanh dao, ngudi diing dau chua tiiuc hien tot trach nhiem neu guang, edn cd bieu hien "ndi nhieu, lam it";
"ndi mdt ddng, lam mdt neo", "ndi md khdng lam". Do dd, de tang eudng xdy dung dao diic cdng vu hien nay, can bd lanh dao va ngudi diing ddu phdi thue hien tdt trach nhiem neu guong theo Quy dinh sd 08-QDi/TW ve trach nhiem neu gu'ong cua cdn bp, dang vien,
Thu tam, ddi mdi manh me tat ca cae khiu ciia eong tic cin bp, nhat la cong tac danh gia, bd tri va su dting can bp. Theo GS Hoang Chi Bao, de xay dung van hda trong chinh tri, xay dung DDCV khdng chi dua vao su nd lue tu gidc eiia mdi can bd, cdng chirc trong viee phdn dau, ren luyen ve due vd tdi, khdng chi ddi hdi mdi td chirc edn phdi day manh giao due, tuyen tmyen, ma edn phai ehan chinh tdchuc, gdn chat vdi cong tic td chuc, khae phuc triet de nhung yeu
LVLUAN CHINH TRj-So 5/2019
T H I / C T I I N - KINH NGHIEM
kem, sai lam trong cong tic cin bp, nhat la danh gid, myen ebon, bd tri, sii dung can bd. Ndi rdng ra la phep dimg ngudi. Diing ngirdi khdng diing, khdng cdng tdm khach quan, khdng vi su nghiep chung, thi chdng nhimg cd hai eho dan, eho nude, dat nirdc khdng phdt trien dupe ma Dang se suy yeu, ehe dp se suy yeu, van hda (ttong dd cd dao dlic) vdn se d ngodi chinh tri. Khdng cd van hda ehinh tri se lam eho chinh tri suy thoai, bien dang, tha hda bdi tip nhiSm phai nhirng phan van Tida" •"', Vi the, phai ra sire eai cdch the ehd, ddi mdi manh me edng tdc can bd theo hudng ddnh gia diing can bd vd sir dung diing can bd, tiiue hien dan chu hda trong cdng tac can bd, khde phue bdng dugc hien tugng bd nhiem vd su dung can bg theo each ndi cua nhdn ddn la: "nhdt hdu due, nhi quan he, ba do de, bdn lien te, nam tri tue"; kip thdi thay the nhiing can bd, cdng chuc yeu ve nang luc, kem ve pham chat. Day la giai phap then chdt ve xdy dung dao due edng vu d nude ta hien nay.
Thii chin, nghien cuu di thanh lap ca quan chuyen trach vexaydungdao dueeongvu, trudc hit li trong he thdng hinh chinh. Mdt diem chung trong xdy dung dao dire edng vu d nhieu nude tren the gidi la deu ehu trgng thanh lap mdt ea quan chuyen trdeh ve xay dung dao due edng vu. Chdng han, d Hoa Ky, ea quan chuyen trach ve xdy dung dao diic edng chuc la Van phdng dao dire cdng ehiic. Ngudi diing ddu ca quan nay cd hdm tuong duong Bd trudng. Ben eanh cap hen bang, d cdc bang d Hoa Ky cung hinh tbanh ca quan tuang lu. 6 nude ta hien nay, tren thuc te cd nhieu ca quan thue hien viec xdy dung dao due cdng vu, nhung chua xae dinh dugc ea quan nao chiu ttach nhiem ehinh. Vi vdy, tir kmh nghiem eiia nhieu nude, can nghien Cliu de tiianh lap mot eo quan chuyen trdeh vd"
xdy dung dao diic cdng vu, trudc hdt la ea quan
ehuyen traeh vd xdy dung dao dire cdng chue trong he thdng hdnh chinh. Trong didu kien chua tiie thanh lap ea quan nay, cdn tiianh lap Vu Dao ddc edng ehiic true tiiupe Bd Ndi vu va Phdng Dao due cdng chiie tiiudc Sd Ndi vu •
(1), (8) DCSVN: Van kien Dai hpi Dai biiu toan qudc 7an t / i u ^ Van phdngTrung uong Dang, 2016, HaNdi.
(2), (11) DCSVN: Quy dinb sd 08-QDi/TW ve ti:ach nhiem neu guong ctia can bp, dang vien, 2018.
(3), (5), (6), (7), (9), (10) DCSVN: Nghi quyit Hpi nghi Tmng uang 4 khoa XII ve tang cudng xay dtmg, chinh ddn Dang: ngan chan, day liii susuy thoai ve tu tudng chinh tri, dao due, Idi sdng, nhiing bieu hien "tudiSn bien", "tu chuyen hoa" trong npi bp, 2016.
(4) Nguy§n Trgng Binh: iVguyisnr^cvagiajp/jap xay dung dao diic cong vu, Tap chi Quan lyNba nude, so 2,2018.
(12) Chii nghia ca nhan la cdt ldi va "linh hdn" cua y thuc he giai cap tu san. Chu nghia ca nhan bao gdm chu nghia cd nhan ve chinh tri; ehu nghia ca nhdn ve kinh td va ehu nghia cd nhan ve dao diic.
Chu nghia cd nhan ve dao due chu tnrong "Idy lpi ich cd nhan lam irung tam"; dat lgi ich ca nhan len tren hel, irudc het.
(13) Max Weber: Hoc thuat va chinh tri, Nxb Dai hgc Su pham Quang Tay, Tmng Qudc, 2010, tr.ll4.
(14) Tocqueville: Ban vedan chii cua Hoa Ky Nha in sdch Thuong Vu, Bdc Kinh, Tnmg Qudc, 2008, tt.850.
(15) Katiiy Lalazarian: Comparative Approaches to Conaictoflnterests:The United States. Canada and the United Kmgdom, p,7,
(16} Ho Chi Minh; Toan tap, t.l, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia,HaNpi,2002,tr,263,
(17) HoangChi Bao: "Xay dung van hda trojjg chmh tri va van boa ti-ong kinh te". Tap chi Lyluan chinh tri, sd 6-2017.
Lf LUAN CHINH TRj-So 5/2019
