Tac dong
cua Cach mang Cong nghiep 4.0 doi vcfi ITnh vifc dich vu tai chinh
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v u THI PHCTdNG THUV Tdm tat
Cdch mgng Cong nghiep (CMCN) 4.0 dd, dang diin ra vdi td'c do nhanh vd dien bii'n kho ludng, dnh hudng de'n sUphdt tnen kinh te- xd hgi cua kinh tetodn cdu. trong do cd Viet Nam.
Thong qua viec nhdn diin nhffng tac dgng cua cugc CMCN 4.0 di'n dich vu tdi chinh, bdi vie't kii'n nghi cdc gidi phdp nham giup linh vUc ndy vugt qua thdch thffc, tdn dung ca hgi di phdt triin bin vibig trong bd'i cdnh CMCN 4.0.
Tti khda: Cdch mang Cong nghiep 4.0, dich vu tdi chlnh, thdch thffc, co hgi Summary
The Fourth Industrial Revolution has witnessed a fast and unpredictable pace, affecting the socio-economic development of the global economy in general and Vietnam's one in particular.
Through identifying the impacts of this Revolution on financial services, the paper proposes solutions to help this sector overcome challenges and take advantage of opportunities for sustainable development in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
Keywords: the Fourth Industrial Revolution, financial services, challenges, opportunities
THiJC TRANG PHAT TRIEN THI TRl/CfNC TAI CHINH
Thdi gian qua, thi trtfdng dich vu tai chinh Vidt Nam da cd nhffng btfdc phdt trien manh me, ddng vai trd quan trpng trong dn djnh kinh te' vi md, ndng cao ndng lu'c eanh tranh eua nen kmh td' vd thuc day kinh td' phdt trien ben vtfng. Theo Bd Tai chinh, tinh dd'n ngdy 31/12/2019, thu ngan sdch nha ntfdc tfdc dat 1.539,4 nghin ty ddng, vtfdt 9,1% so vdi dtf loan, nhd dd dam bao ngudn Itfc de phat trien kmh id', an sinh xa hdi, qudc phdng an ninh vd cd thdm ngudn de x^ ly cdc nhu cau quan ttong, cd'p thid't phat sinh trong kinh te' - xa hdi. Dd'n cudi nam 2019, nd cdng ehie'm khoang 55%
GDP, hep tuc xu htfdng giam manh ttf mtfc 63,7% GDP nam 2016. Nd chinh phu cudi nam 2019 cung chi edn 48% GDP, giam so vdi mtfc 52,7% GDP cua nam 2016.
Nhtfng kd't qua tich ctfc nay gdp phan quan trong trong dam bao bdn vffng tdi khda vd an toan nd cdng.
Dd'n ngay 31/12/2019, mtfc vd'n hda thi trtfdng co phieu dat 4.390 nghin ty ddng, tdng 11,5%, ttfdng dtfdng 79,3% GDP. Ddc biet, thi irtfdng chtfng khodn Viet Nam - kdnh huy ddng vd'n trung va dai han nam 2019 cd nhieu ddng gdp trong viee huy ddng vd'n cho nen Idnh td', vdi tong mtfc huy dpng vd'n dat 313,9 nghin ty ddng, tang 12,6% so vdi ndm trtfde.
Gid tri vdn hda thi trtfdng cd phid'u so vdi GDP ttf 32% nam 2015 tang len xap xi 80% ndm 2019, vtfdt muc tieu de ra cho ndm 2020. Quy md thi trtfdng ttdi pMeu doanh nghiep so vdi GDP tang gan ga'p hai lan, ttf 3,4% ndm 2015 len 6,7% nam 2019.
Quy md thi tttfdng ttai pMeu cMnh phu so vdi GDP cung tang ttf 16,1 % idn 27,4%.
Thi trtfdng tai ehinh ttong ntfdc da duy tn xu htfdng tid'p tuc giam manh he sd tham dung tin dung, xud'ng mtfc dtfdi 1,7 lan (ndm 2016 ia 2,8 lan, nam 2017 la l,94Jan). Nd'u giai doan 2016-2017, dong vdn tin dung ddng gdp tdi 57% vdn dau ttf todn xa hdi, thi de'n ndm 2019 ddng vd'n nay ehi cdn khoang 46% tdng vdn (Nguydn Dai Lai, 2020). Dieu nay cho thd'y ddng vd'n phi ngdn hang ttf cac khu vtfc ttf nhan, chtfng khodn, vdn FDI da trd ndn manh me vd hidu qua hdn. Thi tttfdng tdi chinh Vidt Nam dd'n nay phdt trien kha Idnh manh va an todn vdi cd cd'u ngay cdng hdp ly gitfa cdc thi trtfdng bp phdn cd'u thanh thi tttfdng tai chmh, bad dam td't chtfc nang dieu hda va eung tfng vdn cho nen kinh tephat trien 'TS., Trtfdng Dai hpc Cong nghe Dong A
Ngdy nhdn bdi 12/03/2020; Ngdy phdn bien: 09/04/2020; Ngdy duyet ddng: 10/04/2020
NHLJNG TAC DONG CUA CiVlCN 4.0 DEN UNH VLfc TAI CHINH
Trong bdi eanh cupc CMCN 4.0 didn ra manh me nhtf hien nay, ciing vdi stf phat trie'n nhanh cbdng^cua cac san pham fintech da lam thay ddi can ban phtfdng thiic kinh doanh, md hinh quan ly eua cac cd nhdn, td chtfc hoat ddng trong linh vUc tai chinh ndi chung va thi^trtfdng dich vu tai chinh ndi ridng. Cu the:
Vecdhgi
Thff nhdt, CMCN 4.0 rut ngan khoang each cua nganh tai chinh Viet Nam so v6i the gidi. Didu tra eua Ngan hang Nha nifdc cho thd'y, cd nhffng ngan hang dtf kien se diu ttf 8%-10% tdng chi phi hoat d6ng hang nam cho cdng nghe thdng tin (Bao Van Hung, 2019). Kht dd, nhffng uen bp ttf cupc CMCN 4.0 se tao dieu kien thudn ldi cho cac ngan hang Viet Nam c6 cd hpi thu hut von diu ttf, tid'p can thi trtfdng qudc td'; cap nhat dtfdc tnnh dd quan tri dieu hdnh vd kinh doanh hidn dai; tie'p thu nhtfng md hinh ngdn hang so' ihong minh, phdt huy tiem nang to ldn ve linh vu'c tai chinh vd cd nhtfng thay ddi kip thdi vdi xu thd' cong nghd mdi.
Thi( hai, ndng eao chd't Itfdng sdn phlm dich vu tai chinh theo htfdng hidn dai. CMCN 4.0 se thay the hoan loan kenh phdn phdi va cde san pham dich vu ngan hang truyen thd'ng bang vide tfng dung nhieu hdn cdng nghe thdng tin, u'ng dung chuyen ddi ky thudt so', cdc san pham ciia ngdn hang cd the tich hdp dUdc vdi nhieu san pham dieh vu phu trd de lam hai long khach hang. Hoat ddng tai chinh cd dpng Itfc de hien dai hda nd'u kh6ng mudn bi loai khdi thi tttfdng, tao n6n cugc canh tranh phat tridn tich ctfc cho dich vu ldi chinh.
Dac biet, thi trtfdng tdi chinh se cd nhii'ng^ thay ddi vdi stf xud't hien eua cde loai tien do, nhtf: Bitcoin, Libra, Etherum.
Slf phat trien ciia cae loai tien ao, tten didn lu; khdng phai do ngdn hang trung lfdng phdt hanh se khid'n cde qudc gia tten the gidi, trong do cd Viet Nam thay ddi each thtfc dieu hanh chinh sdch tdi chinh de thich tfng do khd ndng anh htfdng tdi cac chi so tien td trong muc tidu on dinh gia ca. Cdc loai tien do nay cung cd the cd nhiJng tac ddng tdi he sdtao tien, lam d^y nhanhjdc dd Itfu thdng tien mat trong ndn kinh tend'u dtfdc siJdung rdng rai.
^ Thffba, tie't kiem thdi gian, chi phi vd nang cao ndng life qudn ly. Ddi vdi cd
quan quan ly, nhd CMCN 4.0 ma hd thdng cdng nghe thdng tm dtfde tfng dung sdu rdng vao hau hd't cdc boat dpng nghiep vu tai chinh, ttd thdnh mach mau khdng thd thieu trong quan ly didu hdnh ngan sdch nhd ntfde;
quan ly thu - chi ngdn sach nha ntfdc; thanh todn didn tff va qudn ly trdi phieu chinh phu; ttien khai thud' dien tii, hai^ quan didn tff, cd che mot cffa; quan ly nd cdng, gia, quan ly tai san cdng„._Ttf dd, giup cdng ldc quan ly, dieu hanh yi md trd nen dd ddng, tidn ldi va kip thdi hdn.
Ve phia cac td chtfc tai chinh, xu htfdng "ngan hang khdng gia'y" ngay cdng trd nen phd bid'n va ttfng btfdc giam dan vai ttd ciia cdc chi nhdnh. Vide eanh tranh thdng qua md rgng mang Itfdi cdc chi nhdnh ngan hang se dan cha'm dtft, do chi phi boat ddng cao, thay vdo do la cdng nghd ngdn hang hien dai. Mat khac, cdc ngdn hang se phai thid't ke' Iai chi nhdnh cua minh de tdi da hda trai nghiem khach hang, tff dd xud't Men chi nhdnh giao dich vdi khdng gian giao dich hidn dai, tien ich, nhtfng chd ngdi ha'p ddn hdp thdi gian, nhtfng man hinh tivi/mdy tinh bang cd ldn gnip khdch hdng ttf ttfdng tac vd trai nghiem dich vu md khdng can dd'n stf giup dd cua giao dich vien truyen thd'ng ngdy cdng trd nen phd bid'n. Vide xay dtfng eac ehi nhdnh nay chu yd'u dtfa vao nen tang cdng nghe ttf ddng hda, kd't ndi da chieu va thdng minh hda cua CMCN 4.0.
Ve thdch thffc
Mgt la, hien nay, cdc cdng nghd trong CMCN 4.0 phat trien qud nhanh, khie'n nhieu qud'c gia, ttong dd cd Viet Nam liingtung trong vide thie't ke'khung khd phap ly, dat ra ydu cau mdi cho Chinh phu trong viee thie't kd' cac khudn khd chinh sdeh mdi dd quan \-$, gidm sdt nhffng yd'u to' mdi cua khu vtfc tdi chinh, nhtf: tien thuat todn (crypto currency), tidn didn tiV (e-money), cdc cdng ty fintech... Ngoai ra, stf thid'u tinh ddng bp, thd'ng nha't trong cdc quy dinh, thu tuc gdy trd ngai ldn ddi vdi viec xay dtfng quy dinh phdp ly mdi ddp tfng nhu cau cai each cdng nghd ITnh vtfc tdi chinh.
Hai Id, ha tang thanh toan phat trien chtfa ddng ddu va chtfa thtfe stf hoan thien. He thdng thanh loan cua Viet Nam vdn cdn nhieu han ehe' ve cdng nghe, tidu chudV ve the chip not dia, chud'n tm dien tat chinh, tinh ddng bp loan he thd'ng... Thtfc trang nay gdy trd ngai cho viec hdi nhdp, kd't ndi vdi he thd'ng thanh loan khu vtfc va qudc te.
Bdn canh do, ngan sach dau ttf chid'n Itfdc eho cdc cdng nghd mdt bj ban che'khi ma cac td chtfc tai chinh d Viet Nam hien nay kinh doanh mdi chu yd'u tap trung vdo ngan han; thid'u chie'n Itfdc, tam nhin ye cdng nghd sd, hidu biet ban che vd sd hda va cac tiem ndng eua sd'hda...
Ba Id, CMCN 4.0 se thay ddi each thffc tuyen dung, dai ngd, su'dung... nham thu hiit dtfde nhdn tai phuc vu lau dai cho ITnh vtfc tai ehinh. Viee tfng dung nhffng thanh ttfu cua CMCN 4.0 cd the khid'n sd Itfdng nhdn vidn eua cac ngdn hang, td chffc tdi chinh, cdng ty chtfng khodn sut giam dang ke. Thffc te hidn nay tai Viet Nam, mdt sd ngan hang, doanh nghiep bao hidm...
da bat dau sff dung tri tue nhdn tao thay the cho cac 193
nhan vien de ttf ddng tra ldi, hodc ttfdng tde vdi khdch hdng, nham giam thieu chi pM van hanh va dao tao ngudn nhdn Itfc.
Nhff vdy, ydu cau ve chd't itfdng nhdn lffc se thay ddi kem theo ydu cau ky ndng van hdnh cdng nghd sd', tinh tudn thu ve quy tnnh van hanh cung tfng san pham dich vu tai chinh... ddt ra nhtfng vd'n de mdi ve ddo tao ngudn Itfc cho linh vtfc tdi chinh 4.0 d eac cd sd dao tao.
Bdn Id, rui ro cdng nghd thdng tm, an ninh bao mdt, tpi pham cdng nghd. Kd't ndi internet van vat (loT) vd dtf lidu ldn khid'n rui ro ve cdng nghd thdng tin cd the tdng len, dac bidt la vd'n de an ninh mang va bao mat thdng tin. Vdi stf phdt trien ngay cang tinh vi cua cdng nghd sd'va xu htfdng chuyen dan sang didn todn dam mdy, nhtfng Id hdng bao mat theo do cd thd gia tdng, dan de'n nhffng thach thtfc to ldn ve rui ro tin tde. Cac nii ro nay cd the gay ndn nhflng tdn thd't rd't Idn eho he Ihd'ng tai chinh, ttf dd tde ddng de'n an ninh tdi chinh, giam uy tin didu hdnh cua CMnh phu.
KHUYEN NGHI VA GIAI PHAP
De ITnh vtfc tdi chinh cua ntfdc ta vtfdt qua thdch thffc, tan dung cd hpi trong CMCN 4.0, can tap trung mpt so'va'n de sau:
Thff nhdt, tie'p tuc ra soat, sffa ddi, bo sung cdc van ban phdp ly tao dieu kien cho ffhg dung, giao djeh, phdt trid'n cdc san pham tai chinh ttong CMCN 4.0. Khuyd'n khich sff phdt tridn hdp tde giffa ngdn hang vd cde cdng ty fmtech. Thuc dd'y he sinh thai finteeh_phdt ttien, ttd thanh mdt phan cua he sinh thai ttong chudi cung ffng san phdm dich vu tai chinh, ngan hang Men dai.
Thff hai, chu trong dd'n vd'n de an ninh mang. Cdc ngdn hdng, td chtfc tai ehinh... can dau ttf, trang bi cdc giai phap ve an ninh, bao mat, thtfdng xuyen kiem tra, giam sdt viec tuan thu cac quy dinh ve an ninh, bao mdt; phdt hien va xff ly kip thdi nhtfng Id hdng ve bao mat; ndng cao ndng lffc tai chinh, quan ttj ngdn hang, nha't la quan tri rui ro. Bao dam bi mat thdng tin khdch hang, bdo dam an loan ve tdi san cho khdch hang.
Thff ba, cai thien ke't cd'u ha tang, thdng tin nham ddp ffng nen tang ve cdng nghd dd tfng dung, phat trien eac thanh ttfu cua CMCN 4.0. Theo dd:
- Ndng ea'p dtfdng ttuyen bdng thdng rdng. So vdi cde qud'e gia trong khu vtfc, mffc dd phu sdng wifi eua Vidt Nam Id khd cao. Tuy nhien, td'c do dtfdng truyen (download) cdn tha'p hdn nhidu so vdi cdc qud'c gia trong khu vtfc,_ chi phi download edn cao. Dieu nay can nhanh chdng dtfdc eai thien de tao ra he thdng ha tang td't cho CMCN 4.0 ndi chung va tai ehinh ndi ridng.
- Thanh lap Trung tam ddi mdi, sdng tao la ndi cd the thff nghidm cde san pham - boat ddng mdi cua tdi chinh. Trung tam nay cd nhidm vu thfl ngMem cac san phd'm, dieh vu tat chinh cdng nghe, phdc thao cdc hdnh lang phdp ly de nhanh chdng dtfa cac san pham, dich vu nay dp dung dai tta. Ngoai ra, de nang ed'p va hoan thidn kd't ed'u ha tang cho phat trien tdi chinh, Nha ntfdc can sdm thie't lap ha tang nhdn didn didn tff qud'c gia, phij hdp vdi thdng le qud'e te' vd cd the dtfdc eha'p nhdn ttong cdc giao dich qud'c td'; cdc cd quan quan Iy nha ntfdc can tich ctfc sd'hda cac dich vu cung ed'p va so' hda cac quy ttinh qudn ly kM cd the; ndng cao nang Itfc cua Trung tdm an mnh mang qud'e gia.
Thfftu, xdy vide dao tao, bdi dtfdng ddi ngu cdn bd cdng nghd thdng tin tai cac td chtfc tin dung, cdc djnh che'tai chinh can dtfdc chii trpng de cd dpi ngu cdn bd tnnh dp nghidp vu gidi, tinh chuyen nghiep cao, ddp ffng nhu eau quan tn van hdnh va lam ehu cdc he thd'ng cdng nghd hidn dai. Ben canh dd, can cd Hdn ket dao tao nang cao tnnh dd, khao sat edng nghd hidn dai trong nffdc vd qud'c te', thtfc hidn cae chd'dp dai ngd chuydn gia.
Ngodi ra, cd chie'n Itfdc dao tao cdc cdn bd qudn ly nha ntfdc lidn quan de dap ffng eac cdng lac quan ly nha ntfdc cho ITnh vtfc tdi chinh trong bdi canh CMCN4.0.a
TAILIEUTHAMKHAO _ _ _ _
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3. Nguydn Dai Tri, Nguydn Ctfdng (2019). Phat ttien thi trtfdng dieh vu tai chinh Vidt Nam trnnP ky nguydn CMCN 4.0, Tap chi Tdi chinh, ky 1 thdng 10/2019 ' " ^
4. Dao VanHung (2019). Phdt trien khu vifc tdi chinh - ngdn hdng trong bdi cdnh Cdch mane cdng nghiip ldn thff tu, truy cdp tff https://sbf.neu.edu.vn/vi/tin-tai-chinh-ngan-hang/nhat-trien- khu-vuc-tai-chinh-ngan-hang-trong-boi-canh-cach-mang-cong-nghiep-lan-thu-m
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