IQHIEN c d u - TRAO DOI
Chat Iffdng doi ngu giang vien:
TCr goc nhin nang lu'c nghien cull khoa hoc
HOANG VAN MANH'
Cha't Wdng giao due dai hoc (GDDH) cua Vi6t Nam dtfrfc danh gia la tha'p, chrfa tiidng xtfng vdi stf quan tSm cua Dang, Nha nrf«c Vi6t Nam cung nhii toan xa h6i, trong khi nhu clu xa hdi doi \Si trinh dO cua lao dOng dang ngay mdt cao. Dilu do chi co the diidc danh gia thdng qua hoat dOng nghidn clJu lihoa hoc cua ddi ngii giao vien (DNGV).
NANG Ll/C NCKH - CHAT ll/ONC DNGV VIET NAM HIEN NAY
^
uy tin. Mdi day trffdng Dai hgc Qude gia Hd Ndi va trffdng Dal hoe Qudc gia thdnh phd' Hd Chi Minh Igt top 200 chdu A Iheo ddnh gid cua Td chtfc ttf van giao due QuacquareU Symond. Trong khi di3, phin ldn DNGV Vidt Nam dat dffde hoc vi eua minh tff chinh cac trffdng dai hoc ti-ong ntfdc. Tinh U'ang cd ve cdn ham Ddnh gid chd'l Itfdng DNGV la mdt vide lam khdng
dd, tuy nhien, nhidu quan diem thd'ng nhd't d mdt sd' bidu hidn chu yd'u, nhtf: bgc vi, nang Itfe gidng day, nang Itfe nghidn cffu khoa hoc (NCKH) va trong dd ed quan diem xem tnnh do ngoai ngff.
Nhin chung, ede nghien cffu deu ddnh gid thffc trang trgng hdn khi thdi gian gan day dtf luan yd'u kdm trong ndng Iffc giang day cung nhff NCKH xa hdi dang ra't bffc xffc ve cha't Iffdng-^Sn cua DNGV Viet Nam (Bang 1).
Cung can lim y Id hoc vi ma mdt giang vidn ed dffdc chi la mdt bidu hidn cho ndng Iffc boat ddng khoa hgc eung nhtf nang Itfe giang day. Ngay ban than ehi so nay eung cin nghidn cffu can than vd eu thd dd ed nb|n dinh xde dang. Bdi le, mdt thffc te dang dffdc tranh luan ra't sdi ndi vd dffdc Ibffa nhan chung Id chd't Itfdng GDDH Vidt Nam ra't tha'p kem, Vidt Nam ehtfa cd mdt irtfdng dai hgc ndo dat "dang ca'p qudc Id'" va cang ebtfa cd trffdng dai bgc nao Igt vao danh sdeh bang xd'p hang thd' gidi eua eac ed quan xd'p hang cd
BAMG 1 N3m h9C SoGV (nsUdi) TS (ngUM) ThS (ngudi) Khac Ty le (%) TS(%) ThS (%) Khac(%)
: THOMG KE GIANG VIEM THEO HQC V! G[A[ DOAM 2007-2013 2007-2008
56.120 5.S86 la.rii 29.959 100 10,49 36,13 53,38
2008-2009
61,190 6.217 22,831 32,142 100 10,16 37,31 52,53
2009-2010
70,558 7.104 26.715 36.739 100 10,07 37,86 52,07
2010-2011
74.573 7.924 30,374 36,275 100 10,63 40,73 48.64
2011-2012
84,109 9.152 36,360 38,597 100 10,88 43.23 45,89
2012-2013
87,317 9.562 39,002 38,753 100 10,95 44,67 44,38 Nguon: Tac gia thong ke theo s6 lieu c u a 8 6 Giao d y e va D a o tao
tao sau dai hgc cua Vidt Nam, dac bidtlii chd^t Itfdng dao tao bac dd'n sT, thac si.
Ddnh gid ve ndng lycc NCKH da DNGV Viet Nam
Cdc nghien cffu cung dac biet nhan manh yd'u td nang Iffc NCKH lrong ch3!t Itfdng DNGV. Tuy nhidn, vide ddnh gia nang Itfc NCKH ciia DNGV ndi rieng ra't khd khan. Hidn nay, thd gidi sff dui^
ed bd'n ehi sd de ddnh gid mdt nha khoa hgc: so Itfdng d'n pham khoa hgc, h$ s^
anh hffdng (impact factor, thtfdng vid't tdi la IF), chi sd Z va vi tri tde gia va chi sd Hirsch (thffdng vid't tat Id H-index)".
Nhffng nam gin day, vide cdng bdcong ttinh khoa boc trdn tap chi qude td ngdy eang dffdc quan tdm va chd'p nhdn nhi/
mdt tidu cbi ddnh gid khdch quan chCt Iffdng NCKH (Pham Duy Hidn, 2008), theo dd phdn dnh ndng Iffc NCKH cua ddi ngii ede nha khoa hoe (lrong dd co giang vidn) theo sat ebud'n mffc qudc te.
d Viet Nam hien nay ed khoang 9.OO0 giao sff, phd j i a o sff cilng vdi khoanj trdn 24.300 tien sT, nhffng trong thdi giai 10 nam (tff 1996-2005), mdi chi cdngW
• ThS., Trifdng Dai hoc Thifdng mai I Email: [email protected]
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3.456 cdng trinh NCKH trdn cac tap san qudc te (Dao Van Khanh, Pham Thi Ly va Nguydn Vdn Tud'n, 2012).
Nguyin Van Tud'n (2013) eho biet, theo so lieu ehffa day du, ndm 2012 eac nhd khoa hgc Viet Nam cdng bd dffdc Idioang 1.200 bdi bdo khoa hgc trdn cdc tdp san qudc te cd binh duydt. Nam 2011, con sd nay Id 1.324. Nd'u tinh tff 1970 dd'n 2011, tdng sd a'n ph£m ttf Viet Nam la 10.745. Con sdndy chi bang 22% cua Thdi Lan, 27% cua Malaysia, va 11%
cua Singapore (Bdng 2).
Sd bai bao khoa bgc cdng bd qudc te thudc DNGV Viet Nam la rd't thd'p, :d Ie day la dae thu cua Viet Nam, ndi :d truyen thd'ng tdeh rdi giang day vdi nghidn cffu. Va cung can Iffu y them la lrong sd' cdc bai bdo cdng bd' qud'c td' ndu trdn, ed khd nhidu bai la kd't qua hdp tde vdi cdc nhd khoa hgc nffde ngoai.
Bao edo eua 34 trffdng dai hoc cho Vu Khoa hpc va Cdng ngbd - Bd Giao iue va Dao tao eho bid't: "trong giai doan ttf 2006 dd'n 2009, cdc trffdng chi cd 248 3e tai ca'p nha nffde; 1.823 dd lai cd'p bd;
5.505 dd tdi cap trffdng. NghTa la trong mgl nam, irung binh mgt trtfdng chi thffc lien dtfdc khoang 2 de tai cd'p nha ntfdc, 17 dd tdi cd'p bd vd 54 de tai ca'p trffdng.
2!hi xet ridng Dai hgc Kinh td'thdnh phd' Ho Chi Minh, tff nam 2008 dein nam 2012, toan trffdng cd 92 de tdi cap bd, H de tai ky kd't dia phffdng (tinh/ ihanh 3hd') vd 107 de tai cap trffdng. Tinh trung linh 49 de tai mdi ndm, ttfdng dtfdng vdi 10 giang vidn hodn thanh 1 de tai khoa lpc hang nam" (Dinh Tid'n Minh, 2013).
Cd hidn ttfdng cdc dd tai nghien cffu :hffa ed tinh ffng dung eao, tham chi dd ai cd tdn rift hay, nhffng thffc td' chi dd
;iai ngdn, lam xong de tai khdng dtfdc li sff dung ket qua ndn lai cd't vao "ngan :eo".
NGUYEN NHAN CUA SU" YEU tEM TRONG NANG LL/C NCKH
Thd nhd't, nhieu gidng viin chua cd y hiic ddng dan; thieu tinh thdn tu gidc, hua tich cue, chU ddng trong thuc hi$n hiem vu NCKH; thdm chi khdng co hd ndng NCKH. Nhdn thffc cua giang ien ve vai trd cua NCKH dd'i vdi cdng ic giang day van cdn han chd, cae san h^m khoa hgc dffdc ra ddi chu yd'u vi tuc dieh binh xet thi dua, dam bao gid hoa hgc hdn la vi muc dich khoa hpc;
BANG 2: SO BAI BAO KHOA HOC TREN CAC TAP SAN KHOA HOC QUOC TE Nifdc
Vi^l Nam Thdi Lan Malaysia Indonesia Philippines Singapore
1970-1979 156 1.427 1.288 323 830 1.080
1980-1989 448 3.651 2.426 1087 1984 3.877
1990-1999 1.702 6.573 5.243 2.579 2 799 17.272
2000-2011 8,425 37.640 31.353 7.992 6.849 75.641
1970-2011 10.745 49.317 40.349 11.988 12.503 97.931 Nguon: Nguyen Van Tuan ( 2 0 1 3 ) d a n s leu Ihu thap tu IS! Web of
i r e t . i p n h a i - 2 0 / 1 0 , 2 0 ) 2
muc dich tim tdi, kham pha tri ihtfc, nang cao trinh dp ban thdn va ddng gdp eho xa hdi chi mang tinh hinh thffc. Cung vi thd'ma linh tieh ctfc, chu ddng trong NCKH cua DNGV thd'p.
Dae bidt, vide thieu tdn trong quyen sd hihi tri tue, tdn trgng nhtfng ngffdi nghien cffu trffdc, thd hidn qua vide khdng trich ddn day du trong NCBCH d Viet Nam cdn xay ra phd bien. Rat nhieu edng trinh khoa hgc cd nhiihg trang vid't ma khdng tha'y cd ba't cff mdt ngudn trich d^n ndo. Thdm chi cd ca hidn tffdng "dao" ludn van, ludn an trong DNGV (Hoang Tuy, 2014) ebo dd'n gan day cd quan quan 1^ nhd nffdc mdi "dffdc bid't" mdt sd'trffdng hdp. Trong muc phffdng phap nghidn cffu eua rat nhieu edng tnnh trinh bay ra't sd sai, qua loa, cd tinh chieu Id, thid'u tinh cu the, trinh bay ra't chung chung.
Cd hidn tffdng mdt sd' tdc gia vi ydu cau nhanh chdng cd bdi bao de tinh diem cho vide phong chtfc danh giao stf, phd gido stf dd edng bd' nhieu cdng trinh trong mdt thdi gian ra^t ngan, tham ehi edng bd nhieu bdi bao tai cung mdt thdi didm trdn ciing mdt tap chi (Nguyen Van Tud'n, 2014), dieu dd dat ra ra't nhieu nghi ngai vd chd't Itfdng nghien ctfti. Chtfa cd y thtfc dung ddn trong NCKH vtfa la nguydn nhan, vffa la bleu hidn cua tinh trang ndng Iffc NCKH yd'u va do do cung Id bieu bidn eua cha't Iffdng DNGV tha'p.
Thii hai, ndng luc sd dung ngogi ngd cdng hgn chi'.
DNGV Vidt Nam do ban che ve nang Itfc sff dung ngoai ngff, dac bidt la tid'ng Anh, da han ehd' dang kd nang Iffc NCKH. Ddy cung cd the la mdt trong nhieu ly do lam cho eac edng bd'khoa hpc cua Viet Nam chij yd'u mang tinh chat npi dia, khdng dap tfng chuan mffc qude te', trff cdc cdng trinh, bai bdo dd cdng bd' qudc td'.
Va ddy cung cd the la ly do ban che" ndng Iffc hdp tdc qud'c te trong NCKH, theo dd cang han chd' nang Iffc NCKH cua DNGV.
Thd ba, gidng vien cda cdc ca sd GDDH phdi thuc hien nhiim vu gidng dgy nhieu, nin it cd thdi gian ddnh cho cap nhgt kien thiic, hudng chi Id NCKH. Rd't nhieu cae quan sdt cung nhff cdc nghien cffu chi ra rang, hien nay DNGV Vidt Nam ludn qua tdi trong thffc hien nhidm vu giang day. Trong cd ca'u thu nhdp ciia DNGV, dd'i vdi ra't nhieu ngffdi, ngudn thu nhap chu yd'u den ttf Ihffe hien nhidm vu gidng day. Thdm vao do quyen ldi kinh t^do thffc hidn nhidm vu NCKH ra't tha'p, chu yd'u mang tinh Wdng trffng hoac du thu tuc
NGHIEN CCTa - TRAO DOI
I HOC VIEN CHlNHTRlHAMH CHINH VIEN CHU NGHIA XA HOI KHOA HOC
HOI THAO KHOA HOC
TONG KET, OANH Gii THlJC HANH DAN CHU XA Hpi CHU NGHIA Ci VIET NAM GIAI OOAN Tl( NAM 1986 DEN NAY
cho mdt vide gi dd. Vi thd' eang lam cho vide NCKH dd'i vdi nhieu giang vien chi mang linh hinh thtfc.
Thii tu, ve ca hgi tie'p can mgt so logi hinh de tdi NCKH, nbtf dd tai ca'p nha nffde, cap bd, ca'p ed sd ra't han chd' do ngudn kinh phi diu ttf ddn didu (chu yd'u tff ngan sach nha nffdc) va mtfe dau ttf ra't han bep.
Kinh phi cd'p da it, ed chd' phdn bd cho NCKH khdng hop ly, vide dau ttf va phan bd kmh phi NCKH cdn bung nhiing. O ddy cin nhin nhdn vd'n de cd tinh bai chieu, do it ed cd hgi tiep can eac cdng trinh khoa hgc nay, edng thdm thid'u tinh chu ddng, tieh ctfc da ban chd' cd hdi "va cham", "ep xal" trong nghidn cffu iff do anh htfdng dd'n ndng Itfc NCKH eua DNGV. Ddng thdi, do nang Itfc NCKH han chd'Iai din dd'n khd tid'p cdn cac dd tdi ndu trdn. Dieu ndy khdng ehi dung dd'i vdi giang vien tre, md cdn dung ddi vdi ea giang vidn lau ndm.
Trong bd'i canh kinh phi thffc sff dtu tff eho nhan Itfe NCKH thap nhtf vay ra't khd cd the hinb thanh va phat trien mpt ddi ngu cae nha khoa hoc - giang vidn dat tnnh do qud'c td'trdn didn rdng.
Thii nam. su hop tdc trong NCKH giffa trudng dai hgc vdi the'gidi ben ngodi rd't hgn chi'. Dd Id stf hdp tae gitfa Irtfdng dai hgc vdi cac vidn nghidn ctfu, cdc doanh nghidp vd eac chu the ben ngoai Vidt Nam. Hdp tac giffa Irtfdng dai hpc va doanh ngbidp cd thd thtfc hidn dtfdi nhidu hinh thffc, trong dd cd hdp tdc vd NCKH vdi ngi dung tdi trd nghidn cffu, chuydn giao tri thffc, ky thudt va cdng nghd... Va nhffng ban chd'nay da anh hffdng khdng nhd dd'n phat trien nang Iffc nghidn effu eua DNGV do khdng tao ra dffdc sff tffdng tae vdi thd'
gidi bdn ngoai trdn pham vi rdng eiing vdi mdt mdi trtfdng tdt cho nghidn cffu.
Thd sdu, td chiic vd qudn ly cong tdc khoa hgc cdng nghe cdn nhiiu km che, thd hidn d stf bat cdp, chdng cheo lrong quan ly, stf tdch rdi giffa giang day va nghidn cffu. Them nffa, hdu cUc trong NCKH da trd nen tram trong, ma nguydn nhan trtfc lid'p la tff ed chd' quan Iy va cap phat ngan sach nha nffde cho NCKH (Nguydn Van Tua'n, 2009; Giap Vdn Dtfdng, 2014).
KIEN NGH! GIAI PHAP
Tii phia Nhd ni^c
Nha ntfdc can cd nhffng chinh sdch manh me hdn nham nang cao ndng Itfc nghidn cffu cho DNGV tidm cdn de'n chud'n mffc qud'c td', eu the can cd ehinh sach:
Dly manh vide gffi giang vidn ra ntfde ngoai hpc tap, ddng thdi cd chinh sach td't tao mdi Irtfdng lam vide thudn ldi sau khi bge xong d ntfdc ngodi; c6 cbinh sdeh td't mdi cae chuydn gia, cdc nha khoa bge cd uy tin tff cae Irtfdng dai hpc, cdc vidn nghidn cffu d nffdc ngoai de'n Vidt Nam lam vide (trffdc het la cac chuydn gia, nha khoa hgc gd'c Vidt) tham gia hdp tac NCKH va'dao tao sau
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Kinhife'vaDifbiMdai bge eho DNGV tai Vidt Nam. Trdn ihffe te, cdc chinh sdch nay ddu da ed, tuy nhidn trong ihffe tidn trien khai vi nhidu nguydn nhan khac nhau ndn kd't qua dat dffdc rd^t thap. Van de ddt ra la phai cd nghien effu dd thay ddi cac cbinh sach nay cho phil bdp.
Cin ed sff dau tff xffng ddng cho NCKH di ddi vdi vide xay dffng vd ban hanh cd chd', chinh sach cho td chffc, quan ly ede boat ddng diu ttf cho NCKH that sff bdp ly, minh bach, phii hdp vdi thdng Id qud'c id. Chu ddng va lleh cffc day liii nhffng tidu ctfc trong NCKH, md rdng cd hdi cho nhffng giang vidn cd ndng Itfc tham gia NCKH khdng phu thude vao tham nidn hay bang cap hoac chu nghia cdo bang.
Xdy dtfng cd chd" chinh sdeh khuyd'n khich hdp tac nha trtfdng-doanh nghidp trong NCKH. Can tao ra mdi trffdng eho sff lidn kd't nay nham dat nhidu mue tidu: tranh thu cdc ngudn dau ttf xa hdi hda; gan kd't NCKH eua giang vidn vdi thtfe tien, phuc vu thffc tidn. Nhtfng chinh sach nay can tac ddng trffe tid^p vd thid't thtfc dd'n ldi ich cua cdc bdn hdp tdc ttf dd se khuyd'n khich nha trffdng hdp tde vdi doanh nghidp vd ngtfdc lai, tranh thtfc hidn cac chinh sach ddn de'n sff hdp tac mang tinh hinh thffc, khdng hidu qud, tao ddng Iffe manh me cho DNGV nang cao nang Iffc thtfc hidn nhidm vu NCKH.
Thffc hidn ddnh gid nang Itfc giang vidn dtfa tren nhidu lieu chi, trong dd nhdn manh lieu chi nang Itfc NCKH Iam cd sd cho vide thifc hidn chd' dp, chinh sdeh cho DNGV. Cae chinh sach ve phong hpe ham gido stf, phd gido stf eIn minh bach, ngdn chan hidu qua cdc tidu ctfc ed thd phdt sinh, bd sung dieu kidn la phai cd bdi bao edng bd qud'c te trdn ede tap cbi khoa hgc chuydn nganh ed uy lin va dtfdc thtfa nhan rdng rai, phai ed ehffng ehi ngoai ngff theo chuan qud'c le'do cdc td chffc qud'c td'cd'p.
Viet Nam can san sang hi sinh mdt so nam nha't dinh md khdng cd nhieu ngtfdi dtfdc phong gido stf hay phd giao sff vi khdng thda man dieu kidn nay. Dieu kidn eho bao vd ludn an lien sT eua giang vidn trong nffdc nha't thiet eung phai dp dung dieu kidn ve ngoai ngff nhff tren.
Chinh sdch dai ngd ve vat ehat ciing nhff tmh than eho DNGV cin dieu chinh theo htfdng dffa nhieu hdn vao thffc eha'l nang Itfe NCKH (bdi bao qud'c td', bai bao dang trdn cdc tap ehi khoa hgc ed uy tin lrong ntfde). Dd dat hidu qua eao eho ed hd thdng, nhd ntfdc can chia ddng ban hanh chinh sdch ve van de nay, can dtfa tieu cbi nang Iffc NCKH vao tra Iffdng cho giang vidn.
Tie phia cdc casd GDDH
Cae ed sd GDDH cin phdt huy quydn tff chu, md phap ludt da giao de tim ra cdc giai phdp cham lo phat trien DNGV eua minh ve ea ltfdng vd ehd't, lrong dd ehii trpng chat Itfdng. Mud'n vay, cae nha trtfdng can ed stf ndng ddng va sang tao trong tim kie'm cae ngudn Iffe hd trd cho giang vidn thffc bidn nhidm vu NCKH, bao gdm ca ho d^d ttf doanh nghiep trong ntfdc cung nhtf ttf hdp lac vdi eac chii the ntfdc ngoai ed uy tin nham nang cao nang li/c NCKH cho DNGV. Tich ctfc md ldp dao tao phffdng pbdp NCKH theo chua'n qud'c td'eho DNGV.
Trong van de nay, ehung ldi cho rang, vai ird eua ngffdi dtfng diu cd sd GDDH ed y nghia quyd't dinh.G
TAI LI?U THAM KHAO
1 Pham Duy Hien (2008). So sdnh ndng luc nghien ciiu cua cdc nUdc Ddng A vd cdc vdn di ddi vdi Viet Nam, trong GDDH Viet Nam nhiing vdn di ve chdt lugng vd qudn ly, Nxb Dai hgc Qud'c gia.
Ha Ndi, tr 243-258
2. Dao Van Khanh, Pham Thi Ly, Nguydn Van Tud'n (2012). ThUc trgng vd gidi phdp day mgnh ndng lUc NCKH d Viet Nam, Bao eao tai Hdi thao GDDH Viet Nam hdi nhap Qudc te do Dai hoe Qudc gia TP. HCM td chffc ngay 9-11-2012 tai TP. HCM
3. Giap Vdn Dtfdng (2014). Ddu thdu di tdi khoa hoc, truy cap Iff http://www.thesaigon times, vn /109761/Dau-thau-de-tai-khoa-hoc.html
4. Tran Xudn Hoai(2012). Thd bdc Viet Nam tren bdng xe'p hgng tri lue todn cdu: Bdo dong dd, truy cap tff http://iiasang.com.vn/Default.aspx?tabid=ll0&News=5434&CategoryID-36
5. Dinh Tie'n Minh (2013). 77m hieu ve NCKH vd thiic trgng hogt dgng NCKH cda cdc trudng dgi hgc lai Viet Nam, truy cdp Iff http://www.dinhtienminh.net/index.php?option=com_content &view
=artiele&id=345 :nekh&catid=34>
6. Nguydn Van Tua'n (2013). Nhin lgi hogt ddng khoa hgc Viet Nam 1970 -2012, truy cap tff http://tuanvannguyen.blogspot.eom/2013/03/nhin-lai-hoat-ong-khoa-boc-viet-nam.blml
7. Nguydn Van Tua'n (2014). Nhdng chuyin khd tin trong NCKH d Viet Nam, truy cdp tff http://
www.nguyenvantuan.org/tin-tuc/nhung-chuyen-kho-tin-trong-nghien-cuu-khoa-hoc-o-vn.aspx#.
UlNBTlWSwtk
8. Hoang Tuy (2014). Chdng gian ddi, bdo vi Hem khii't khoa hgc, truy cap tff http://tia sang.com .vn/Default.aspx?tabid=l 10&CategoryID=36&New s=7178
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