TCf CHINH SACK DEN CUOC S'
Khac phuc cac han che, tao dong li/c thuc day
phat trien HTX d Viet Nam
trong giai doan hoi nhap quoc te
PGS, TS. CHU "nEN QQANG T r a i qua 2 l l n su'a dii, Luat Htfp tac xa da phan anh kha d l y du 7 nguydn t a c Li§n minh Hcfp t a c xa Qud'c t i (ICA) dtfa r a d^ cac hrfp t a c xa (HTX) t r d n toan thi gitfi van dung va thi^c lii$n. Tuy nhien, HTX liien nay cf Vi§t Nam v i n chtfa thi^c hi$n dung cac nguydn tac HTX, chrfa that srf la dtfn vi kinh t i ttf chu va chtfa phat huy td'i da stf sang taio cua c$ng d6ng thanh vidn d^ cung nhau phat trid'n vffng mgnh HTX t r d n thi trrfcTng. Bi khac phuc nhifng nhtftfc di^m nay, luat phap, clunh sach cua Nha ntfdc c i n tidp tuc doi mtfi htfn nffa.
K|iU Vl/C HTX TUY CO PHAT TRIEN, NHL/NG C H A M C H / \ P
Cac HTX d Viet Nam da hinh thanh, phat trien ttt thap nien 50-60 cua the ky trifdc, den nay da trai qua 3 giai doan cd ban theo s\i bien doi cua n^n kinh te, g6m: Giai doan chi6'n tranh ch6'ng My, thong nhSt dat ntfdc (1955-1975);
Giai doan thiJc hien quin ly hhnh chfnh, bao cap (1976-1986); Giai doan ddi mdi quan If kinh te' theo cd ch6' thi trtfdng cd stf quan ly cua Nh& ntfdc vh hSi nhSp qud'c te (1987-2019).
Qua tttng giai doan, chc HTX 6 Viet Nam da dtfdc cdi ti6'n, dii mdi, hoan thiSn chuyen d6i ttt ti chlJc kinh te do Nha ntfdc quyd't dinh thanh l§p thanh to chtfc kinh te ttt chd tif dang ky thanh l$p va hoat d6ng liieo LuSt Hdp tac xa (nam 1996,2003 va 2012).
Luat Hdp the xa 6 Viet Nam dtfdc xay dtfng tren n i n tSng 7 nguyen tac cd ban do ICA dtta ra d^ cac HTX tren toan th6' gidi van dung v^ thtfc hien. Qua 2 Ian su'a dii vho chc nhm 2003 va 2012, nay Lugt Hdp the xh da phan anh kha d f ^ u 7 nguyen tac HTX do ICA dtfa ra.
^ ^ g thdi, de chi dao ddi mdi, p h i t tvii^fh ngng cao hidu qua khu vttc kinhita' tSp the vk HTX, Ban Chap h a n j Trung ttdng Dang khda IX da ban
hinh Nghi quyet so 13-NQ/TW, ngay 18/03/2002 ve ti6'p ttic ddi mdi, nang cao hi6u qud kinh t e tap the, vdi cac ndi dung chinh, gdm: Thdng nhi^t nhin thtfc ve quan diem phat tri^n kinh te^ t i p thd; Xac l i p mdi trttdng the che va tam ly thuin tien cho kinh td' t i p thd phat trien; Su'a ddi, bd sung mot s d c d che, chinh sich; Ning cao vai trd quan ly cua Nha nttdc; Tang cttdng stt lanh dao cua Ding, phit huy vai tro ciia Lidn minh Hdp t i c xa Vidt Nam, Mat trin Td quo'c Vidt Nam v i cac doin th^ nhin d i n ddi vdi p h i t tridn kinh td^ t i p the.
Dd'n nay, da tren 15 nam thtfc hidn Nghi quydt sd 13, khu vrfc HTX tuy cd phat trien, nhttng chim chap, doi luc tri tre, dac bidt la cac can benh cu cua thdi ky quan ly kinh te' kieu hanh chinh, chi huy van chtfa dttt bo han. HTX hien nay van chtfa thttc hidn dung c i c nguyen tac HTX, chtta that stt l i ddn vi kinh td ttf chu va chtfa phit huy td^i da stf sing tao cua cdng dong thinh vidn dd cung nhau phit tridn vtftig manh HTX trdn thi trtfdng.
M O T S 6 D I N H HL/CTNG T R O N G THdl GIAN Tcn Dd khac phuc c i c han che nham thuc day HTX phit tridn ldn manh trong kinh td' thi trttdng, hgi nhip qudc td, thi luit phap, chinh sach cua Nha nttdc cin tiep tuc ddi mdi theo tinh thin chi dao cua Nghi quyd't sd 13 nham xtt ly rd^t r i o nhttng vi'n de can cd't, sau diy:
Mgt Id, x i c dinh that rd dia vi phip 1;^ cua HTX la td chtte kinh te' l i p thd, ddng s5 httu v i thttc stt ttt chu, binh dang vdi cic loai hinh cdng ty thanh lip theo
Td CHJNH SACH DEM CUOC SOMQ
Luit Doanh nghidp trong tham gia thi trttdng de phit tridn cic dich vu phuc vu thinh vidn va kinh doanh mang lai ldi ich chung c6a HTX vi Idi ich ridng cua cic thinh vidn tham gia HTX. Theo dd, can the chd' hda rd tinh than ci3a Nghi quye't s6' 13 xic dinh "HTX la mdt loai hinh doanh nghiep, dtfdc vay vd'n binh ding nhtt doanh nghidp cua cic thinh phin kinh te' khic...". Viec the che'hda dung tinh thin nay cua Nghi quye't so' 13 se giip cic HTX khac phuc dttdc nhOtig yd'u didm cd hij^ sau day:
- Liing tdng trong xiy dttng, td chtte thttc hidn cic hoat dpng dich vu phuc vu thinh vidn va hoat dpng san xuit, kinh doanh ngoii thanh vidn con hieu qua di tim kiem ldi nhuin, mang lai ldi ich ldn hdn cho thinh vidn v i tich luy cho HTX;
- TiJf han chd' tham gia thi trttdng dSn tdi han che cac khi ning httdng ldi ttt kinh td' thi trttdng tao ra v i khd trd thinh ldn msinh trong kinh td'thi trttdng;
- Khdng tich tu dtfdc tai sin thuge sd httu tip thd HTX sau mdi thdi gian hoat dgng sin xuit, kinh doanh vi dich vu, din dd'n ning Ittc kinh td ngheo nin va kha ning phat tridn luon yd'u kem;
Khdng xoa dttdc tam ly mac cam ciia xa hdi dd'i vdi md hinh HTX cu va khdng tao dttdc uy tin, nidm tin, stfc hut dd'i vdi thanh vidn, ngttdi din trong xa hdi.
Hai Id, quy dinh ro ydu can, tttng HTX phai cham lo phat tridn ngudn nhin Ittc thdng qua ket nap thinh vidn mdi vi thtfdng xuydn dio tao, giao due cic thanh vidn cua minh. Coi phat tridn thinh vidn tich cttc la stt nghidp phit trien HTX.
Vide thd chd' hda ro nguyen tac tren day se giup HTX thttc hien ddng nghta vu dio tao, giio due thanh vidn va khdng ngttng md rgng ke't nap thinh vien mdi, ttt do xtt If dttdc cic yd'u kem sau:
Thanh vidn HTX khdng hieu bid't hoac hieu bid't khdng dly du, siu sac vd bin chi't HTX m i ho tham gia nen mat niem tin vao HTX, ttt dd khdng tich cttc ddng gdp xiy dttng HTX;
San phSm mat ong cua HTX Thanh Do trong gian hang giai thi?u va ban san pham Iai Dong VSn, Ha Giang
- Ning Ittc hdp tic gitta cic thinh vidn khong dttdc nang len, khdng tao ra sttc manh cua cong ddng thinh vidn;
- Chc HTX hoat ddng liu nam cd sd' thanh vidn cao tuoi chid'm sd ddng, khdng con sttc Ittc xay dttng HTX, trong khi thinh vidn tr^, cd tinh thin xay dttng HTX rat il (d cic HTX d i hoat dgng lau nim) lim cho HTX thidu trim trgng ngudn nhin Ittc cd chi^t Ittdng cao de dim dtfdng cic hoat ddng san xua't, kinh doanh, din den dich vu cua HTX ngiy cing khd khin, phtfc tap;
- Cic HTX mdi thanh lip khdng phdt trien thinh vidn, stt dung lao ddng lam thud nhieu. Nguydn tac md rdng ket nap thanh vidn khdng dtfdc thttc hien;
- Phong trio HTX d Viet Nam chi phit tridn ve sd Ittdng, ma khdng phit trien vd thinh vidn, ndn khong manh.
Ba Id, tiip tuc ddi mdi hdn nffa phttdng thttc quin ly, didu hinh HTX trdn cd sd tich bach ro bg miy quin 1^ vdi bd miy didu hinh HTX (xda bd md hinh Chd tich Hgi ddng quin tri kiera Giam ddc didu hanh HTX) v i lim ro cic tieu chi ve pham chat, dao dttc v i ning life quin ly HTX cua Chd tich Hdi ddng quin tri v i tieu chi ve nang Ittc dieu hinh cic hoat ddng san xuit, kinh doanh vi djch vu cua Giim ddc HTX. Gan trich nhidm vdi ldi ich cua tiftig chtfc danh.
Viec ddi mdi manh me phttdng thttc quan 1^, dieu hinh va gin ldi ich vdi trich nhidm cua Chu tich Hgi ddng quin iri va Giim ddc dieu hanh se giijp HTX khac phuc cic didm han che sau:
- Khdng tao ddng Ittc lim vi^c het minh cda 2 chtte danh Chd tich Hoi ddng
quin tri v i Giim ddc dieu hinh HTX, n i y sinh tinh trang lira vide elm chttng, kdm hidu qui, khdng sing tao;
- L i n Idn chtte ning quan 1^ HTX vdi chtte nang dieu hinh hoat ddng HTX, dtta ddn tinh trang dtfa dim, trieh nhidm khdng ro ring cda tttng chtte danh;
- Khdng thttc hidn dly du chtte nang quan ly thinh vidn, vdn v i tai sin cua HTX va chtte nang nim bit, dip ttng day du nhu elu ve sin ph^m, dich vu cda thinh vidn trong HTX v i kinh doanh ngoii thinh vidn d tttng thdi didm trong nam hoat dgng.
Bdn la, lam ro hdn quan he sd httu, phan phdi h-ong HTX theo nguydn tac vtta ehd trgng ldi Ich cda thinh vidn, vtta dam b i o ting cttdng Idi ieh chung cda HTX.
Vi§e quy dinh ro, cu thd vd quan he sd hffu trong HTX (sd httu e i nhin eda thinh vidn va sd hffu t^p thd HTX) se giup HTX khac phuc cic han che' sau:
- v d n gdp thinh vidn khdng dtfdc coi trgng, khdng phin inh ldi Ieh cda thinh vidn;
- vdn, tii sin thude set httu t | p the khdng dttdc quan tim, khdng cham lo tieh tu dd trcf thinh sttc m^nh kinh td tip thd, lam eho HTX mai nho bd vd ndi Itte;
- Phin phdi kd't qui lim ra chtta ddng ban chi't HTX l i , HTX phai hinh thinh vd'n va tii sin khdng ehia ngiy cang dtfdc ldn manh theo thdi gian hoat ddng cda HTX. Coi vd'n v i tii sin khdng ehia la cha't kd't dinh c i c thanh vidn trong HTX v i l i didu kien dam b i o cho HTX hoat ddng ngiy cang manh me, hidu qua;
- Tinh trang lln ldn gitta lidn edng cda thanh vidn lam viec khdng thttdng xuydn vdi tidn Itfdng eda thinh vidn lim vide thttdng xuydn eho HTX.
Ndm Id, su'a doi, bd sung cic chinh sich khuyen khich phat h-idn HTX theo httdng: ehinh sich hd trd, ttu dai phai x i c dinh ro didu kidn httdng ldi va dttdc dinh gii hidu qua sau khi HTX tiep cin va htfdng ldi cic ehe do hd trd hoac tftf dai. Xda bo tinh trang thttc hidn chinh sieh theo ldi binh quin.
Vide stta ddi, bd sung cic chinh sach hd trd, ttu dai HTX theo httdng trdn d i y se giup HTX khac phuc c i e tinh trang sau:
- HTX phai no Itte vttdn ldn de d i p ttng cic didu kidn tid'p can v i httdng ldi chinh sieh; chinh sich dttdc xay dttng v i
thttc hidn theo cic hoat ddng m i HTX thtfc hidn. Xda bd ttf duy ctf ding ky HTX, thi nghiem nhien dtfdc htfdng chinh sieh;
- Giam thidu linh trang chd ddi, y Iai vio ehinh sieh;
- Khdng ttt danh gia, ttt xem xet, stta chtta cic ydu kdm eda ban than.
Sdu Id, bd sung quy dinh yeu cau HTX phai thttc hien kidm loan (bat buoc) theo httdng HTX thud dich vu kidm toin chuydn nginh HTX, kdt hdp dich vu ttt van phat trien sau mdi nim hoat ddng de phat hidn cic han chd', ydu kem va dttdc ttf van khac phuc cac han chd dd ngiy mdt ldn manh hdn.
Quy dinh nay se giup HTX khac phue c i c han ehd sau:
- Khdng ttf phit hidn dttdc cic sai pham, han chd trong td chtfe, hoat ddng theo quy dinh cda phip luit lidn quan;
- Khdng ttt khac phuc cic han ehe, sai pham trong nam hoat dgng;
- Tinh trang sai pham keo dai din dd'n khd stta sai v i giy mi't ldng tin cda thinh vidn vio HTX va lim suy giim sttc manh cong ddng thinh vidn;
- Tao ra tinh trang b i o eao khdng dung thtfe chi't vd td chtte, hoat ddng cda HTX va lim mdo md trong dinh gii sif phit tridn cua cgng ddng HTX.
Bay la, bd sung, lim ro vai trd, chtte nang v i quydn han, trich nhidm cua td chtte Lidn minh HTX theo httdng: quy dinh rd tinh chat kinh td' - x i hdi cua Lidn minh HTX; eae chtte nang cu thd; sif tham gia Lien minh cda HTX; cic ngudn Itte tii ehinh va nguydn tae hoat dgng cda Lidn minh; Bd may va nhin Ittc cua td chtte Lidn minh; Lidn minh theo vung, theo nginh kinh Id'.
Vide bd sung, hoan thidn niy se gidp Lien minh HTX Viet Nam khac phuc cic didm yeu sau:
- Dia vi phap ly cda hd thdng to chtte Lidn minh HTX chtta rd;
- Phttdng httdng v i cie linh vttc hoat ddng cua Lidn minh HTX chtta ro;
- Ngudn nhin Itfc, tai chinh v i ed sd vat chat dd Lidn minh trien khai cac hoat ddng chtta ro;
- Cic tidu chi dinh gii kd't qua, hieu qui hoat ddng cua Lidn minh HTX chtta dly dd.
Tdm Id, hoin thidn cdng tic quin ly nhi nttdc dd'i vdi HTX theo httdng: Cu the hoa cac edng viec thudc chtte nang quin 1^ nha nttdc ddi vdi HTX d Trung ttdng, dia phttdng va quy dinh ro trich nhiem cua tifiig cap (bd, tinh, huyen, xa) trong vide httdng din thtfe hien phap luit v i cac chinh sich khuyen khich phit tridn HTX.
Viec hoan thidn nay se giup cac cd quan nhi ntfdc ed ttieh nhiem quan I;^ HTX khac phue eic yeu kera sau:
- Thtfc hidn chtfa hidu qua cac nhidm vu, chtte ning quan Iy nha nttdc doi vdi HTX cda tttng c^p chinh quyen Itt Trung ttdng tdi dia phttdng;
- Chtta tao ndn he thdng bo miy quan ly nha nttdc dd'i vdi HTX cd hidu Ittc va hidu qui v i chtta thdng nhat gitta eic tinh trong ca nttdc.•
