Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thdy s
^*THCNG BAO KHOA HOC
DANH GIA THANH PHAN DINH Dl/OfNG CO BAN CUA SINH KHOI ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA
E VAL UA TION BASIC NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF ARTEMIA FRANCISCANA BIOMASS
Phan Thi Thanh Hiin', Huynh Nguyen Duy Bda'
Ngay nhan bai: 29/9/2013; Ngay phan bi?n thong qua- 10/5/2014; Ngiky duyet d3ng 02/6/2014TOM T A T
Nghien ciru ddnh gid chdt lupng dinh duang ciia sinh khoi Artemia franciscana de xdc dfnh gid tn cua nguyen lieu ban ddu tit do gliip cho cdc nha che bien dua ra phuang phdp che bien vd bdo qudn thich hap, de hgn che thdp nhdt ton that sau qud trinh thu hoach va bdo ion tot nhdt gid tri tu nhien von co cua nguyen lieu. Ket qud nghien citu cho thdy rang sinh khoi Artemia franciscana CO hdm lugng: Protein 57,74%, Lipid 26.78%, Tdng acid amm 7.68%. tro 7.81%. Ben canh do, sinh khoi Anemia franciscana chua khd day dli cdc Ioai acid amin 16/20, dgc biel co 7/8 logi acid amin thiet yeu cUng nhu rdt gidu acid beo khong bao hoa mach cao chiem 52,31% long acid beo vd acid beo khong bdo hoa co nhieu noi dot chiem 7,43% long acid beo. Vi vdy. smh khoi Artemia franciscana co the duac ddnh gid Id logi nguyen lieu liem ndng sir dung ldm thitc dn cho dgng vgt nuoi cUng nhir cho nguai.
Tirkhoa: ddnh gid, chdt luang, sinh khdi Atermia, sinh khoi Aiermia franciscana, gid tri ABSTRACT
The study evaluated the nutritional quality of Artemia franciscana biomass to determine the value of the original material from which help to make the processors lo offer suitable processing methods and storage so that they can minimize post-harvest losses and preserve nutritional value of material. The results showed that Artemia franciscana biomass contains 57.74% protein, 26 78% lipid. 7.68% total amino acid, 7.81% ash. Beside, Artemia franciscana biomass contains relatively completely amino acids (16/20) with 7 essential amino acid^, a lot of unsaturated fatly acids accounted for 52.31% and polyunsaturated fatty acids accounted for 7.43%. Therefore, Ariemla biomass can be considered as potential food for animals and people
Keywords: evaluation, quality, Atermia biomass, Atermia franciscana biomass. value
I. DAT VAN Ot
Artemia l i ten eua mdt loii giip x i c nhd sdng cr nhung vung nuac mgn cd bien dp man rpng l i j v i i phin nghin den 250%o [17], [22]. Da tir l i u . Attemia dirge phit hiin thay l i loai ddng val giiu chat dinh dudng rat thidi hgp cho viec dung lim thue an de ucrng nudi cac loii dpng val thuy s i n nhu torn, c i , dOng vat t h i n mem [18], [15], [16], [19], [21]... Tuy nhien, Artemia dupc nudi chu yeu de lay trung lim lhi>c an nudi gidng thuy san, phin Idn hon la sinh khoi cua Artemia Ihi chua su dyng nhi^u, chi ed mdt v i i nghidn cd'u u-ng dung sinh khoi Artemia lam Ihuc an cho vgt nudi... [7], [8], 113]. Hien tpi, Artemia
chu yeu mdi dung d dgng tare liep cho vide ueng nudi tdm giong, v i n cdn mpt lupng Idrn sinh khoi du thi>a ehua duae quan tam mpt each dung mu'c [7], [9].
VI the, xic d|nh chat lupng dinh dudng cua smh khdl Artemia phuc vg cho nghien cuu tiep theo la hit sdc can thilt.
II. D 6 I T i r g N G vA P H U - O N G P H A P N G H I D N CCFU
1. Doi lupng nghien cihj
Nghiin ci>u niy si> dung sinh khoi Artemia franciscana, tdn thudng gpi cua nd l i Artemia, giong Artemia, loai Artemia franciscana, tdn thuong pham l i Artemia smh khoi.
' ThS. Phan Thj Thanh Hi6n, ^ TS. HuS^h Nguyen Duy Bio: Khoa COng ngh? thyc pham • Tn/6ng Dgi hpc Nha Trang
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Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy san So 2/2014
Sinh khoi Artemia franciscana dup'c thu nhin tu-dupe thu tai trgi nudi Ninh Ich - Nmh Hda, sin phim cua d l til "Thir nghidm nudi thu sinh kh6i Artemia franciscana t^i Ninh Ich - Ninh Hda".
2. Phueng p h i p nghien cd'u 2.1. Thu mdu
Sau khi vdt sinh khoi Artemia franciscana bing ludi, tam thdi giu sinh khdi thu dupc trong ludi dgt a trong ao nudi, tiln hanh sue khi oxy (syc khi d i n ham lupng oxy hda tan tren 2mg oxy/lil) de cung clp oxy cho Artemia franciscana song trong lud'i.
Sau dd n>a nh§ sinh khoi bing nudc bien v i chuyen sinh khoi d i rCna v i o cac tui PE (Poly ethylene) cd nude bien vdi m i l dO toi da l i lOOg sinh khdi udl/lil nudc biln, bom oxy v i o day tul v i dung day cao su bupc chgt, d i l tui v i o thCing xdp sau dd van chuyen song ve phdng thi nghiem lim nguyin lieu cho qua trinh nghien euu. Tgi phdng Ihi nghidm, Artemia franciscana dupe spe Ignh bing nudc da cho chet ddng logt, rua Artemia franciscana bing nudc ngpt, de rio v i nhanh chdng lien hanh dua vao thi nghiem dinh gia chit lupng dinh dudng cua sinh khoi Artemia franciscana.
2.2. Phwang phap xac dinh
Djnh lupng protein sinh khoi Artemia franciscana bang phuong phap Kjeldahl theo TCVN 3705 - 90: Vd co hda mau sinh khoi Artemia franciscana bang H^SO^ dgm dgc ed c h l l xuc lac die biet, rdi dung kiem dgc mgnh (NaOH) diy NH^
iLF mu6i (NH^)jSOj ra the tu' do. NH^ dupc hap thu bdi HjSO, tieu chuan. Sau dd djnh lupng H^SO^ tieu chuan du bing NaOH lieu chuin.
- Djnh lupng lipid cCia sinh khoi Artemia franciscana bing phuong phip Folch: Dung hdn hpp dung mdi Chloroform: Methanol vdi ti le 2 1 de hda tan t i t c i chit beo trong thuc pham, lach Idp v i chiet qua pheu Ipc nhieu lln. Sau khi lam bay hai hit dung mdi, can chit beo cdn lgi v i linh ra lupng lipid trong 100 g thuc phim.
- Xac dinh him am cua smh khli Artemia franciscana bing phuong phap trpng lupng sly a nhiet dp 105-1 aCC theo TCVN 7035-2002.
Can va cho mau sinh khoi Artemia franciscana vao coc say, sly d nhiel dp 60 - SO^C trong 30 phOt,
Bing 1. Thanh phan hda hpc co- b i n cda
Sau dd ning nhl#t len 130"C, say lien lgc trong 1h.
Sau do lly ra d l ngupi trong binh hdt am, cin khoi lupng r l i tilp tyc cho v i o tO sly trong Ihdi gian 30 phdt; Lly ra d l ngupi 6 binh hCit I m , cin; Tiep tyc nung d i n khli lupng khdng doi, Luu •j: cin coc vi m i u if c i n phin lich cd dd chinh xic 0,001 g.
- Xac ^ n h him lupng tro eua sinh khdi Anemia franciscana bing phuong phip trpng lupng, nung a nhigl dp 550 - 600''C theo TCVN 5105-90. Tro thuc sg" dupe x i c d|nh bing cich hda tan tro toin phan v i o nudc e l l sdi sau dd Ipc, rtja qua gily Ipc khong tro v i hCrng dung djch Ipc v i o cle nung, Cd can c6c nung c6 chua djch Ipc trdn ndi each thCiy; Say khd 6 100 - 105°C; Nung den tro tring a 550 - SOCC trong 30 phut; Lly ra d l ngudi Irong binh hut am, can;
Tiep tgc nung d i n khdi lupng khdng doi. Luu y: c§n c6c va mau d can phan lieh cd dp chinh xac O.OOIg, - X i c d|nh thinh phin v i him lupng cic add beo cda sinh khli Artemia franciscana dung phuong phip sac ky khi (GC/FID), trdn may GC-6890 cua hang Agilent, My, Cac axit beo ed trong lipit dupc cho phan u'ng ester h o i vdi acetylchloride vdi chat xuc t i c MeOH. Toluen (3:2) a lOO^C trong 1 gid.
C i c axit beo sau phan u'ng ester hda dupc tich ra bing dung mdi n-Hexan v i djnh lupng tren sic ky khf bang phuong phap npi chuan vdi chit nfli chuan l i C 2 1 .
- Xac djnh thanh phin va him lupng cac acid amin cua sinh khoi Artemia franciscana diing phuang phip sac ky khf (GC/FID), trin may GC-6890 cCia hing Agilent, My. Cic thanh phin axit amm chuan gdm cd alanine, glycine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, threonine, serine, proline, asparagine, methionine, hydroxyproline, glutamine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, tyrosine.
2 3. Phuv/ng phdp x(3' 1^ s6 tidu
So lidu ket qua thyc nghipm cua mli chf tt§u dupc l i g i i Irj trung binh epng cua 3 lln thyc hidn.
Mi. K^T QUA NGHIEN CCTU V A T H A O LUAN 1. Ket qua x i c djnh t h i n h phan hda hpc ca ban cua sinh khoi Artemia franciscana
Ket q u i thi nghipm x i e djnh thanh phan hoa hpc ca ban cua smh khoi Artemia franciscana dirpc Irinh bay d bing 1.
sinh khoi Artemia franciscana t u a i
Thdnh phdn Lipid TSng acid ai
Him luong ttnh theo % 1,10
TLF bang 1 cho thay, him luong protein cua Artemia franciscana dat kha cao, chiem 8,13% trpng lupng tuai (57,74% trong luong khd). Ben canh do.
ham lupng acid amin chilm t^ le cao 1,08% trpng lupng tuai (7,68% trpng lupng khd), him lupng lipid cua Artemia franciscana chiem ly lg cao 3,77%
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Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thuy sdn So 2/2014
trang luang tuai (26,78% trpng lupng khd). himlu'gng tro chilm 1,10 trpng lupng tuoi (7,81% trpng iupng khd), cdn ham lupng nuac r l l cao chiem 85,92% trpng lupng tuai. K l l q u i niy cung phd hpp v(yi cac ket qua nghien cd-u truac [14], [15], [20]:
protein cua Artemia franciscana 50 - 69,0% trpng lupng khd, lipid cua Artemia franciscana 2,4 - 24,3%
trpng lupng khd, tro cua Artemfa franciscana 8,9 - 29,2% trpng luang khd.
Bang 1 cung cho thiy ham luang protein cua Artemia franciscana l i 8,13% trpng lupng tuoi. Ihlp han so vol dgi da sd Ipii dpng vgt IhCiy sin khic nhu ca (S: 10,3%), torn (S 19%), muc (a 17%), so (> 8,8%), cua (a 16%)... [1], [2], [3], [8], [9], [12]. Tuy nhien, vol 8,13% tinh theo trpng lupng udl, chiem 57,745 tinh theo trpng lupng khd cung l i ly le kha cao, g i n bing vdi him lupng protein eiJa sinh khoi Artemia salina nudi trong ao d i t tgi rudng muoi d Cam Ranh [4]. Ben canh dd, h i m lupng acid amin chiem ly Id cao 7,68% tinh theo trpng lupng khd cao han so vdi ham lupng acid amm cua smh khoi Artemia salina nudi trong ao d l l tgi rupng muoi a Cam Ranh [4].
Thdm v i o dd, h i m lupng lipid cua Artemia franciscana la 3,77%, eao han so vdi dai da so loii dpng val thuy s i n khac nhu c i (< 2,5%), tdm (s 2%), ghe (< 1.5%)... [1], [2], [3], [8], [9], ddng thdi no cung cao han nhieu so vdi h i m lupng lipid cua smh khoi Artemia salina nudi trong ao d l l lgi rupng muoi d Cam Ranh [4]; Ham lupng lipid niy phu hpp de c h l bien Ihyc pham cho ngudi v i ddng vgt Tuy nhidn him luang lipid cao va giau acid beo khdng bao hda mgch cao cung l i nguydn nhan gay nen su hu hdng nhanh cua nguyen ligu, bien doi x i y ra trong lipid la eic q u i trinh oxy hda v i stJ" phin giai do enzyme. NhOng biln doi n i y xay ra mgnh se sinh ra nhirng san pham cap thap lim nguydn lipu cd mui, v\ di chua khel va bien mau s i m lol i n h hudng nghiem trpng den chat iupng sin phim sau niy. Qua trinh oxy hda lipid tgo thinh cac aldehyde, eelon, acid... [1].
Bing 1 cOng cho thiy ring smh khli Artemia franciscana cd ham lupng nude 85.12%, eao han so vdi mpt so ddng v i l thdy san nhu cCia cua ca (72 - 80%), tdm (75 - 80%) [1], ghe (78 - 82%) [1], [9], Nguydn ligu cd h i m lupng nudc cao thi nguyen ligu cd nhieu hop c h l l hda tan, chung td sir dgng nguyen lidu nay lim thu'c i n cho ngudi v i dpng v i l se de tieu hda [11]. Nhung nguydn lieu chu'a nhieu nudc l i mdi truang thuin Ipi cho vi sinh v i t hogt dpng, lam nguyen lidu de bj hu hdng neu khdng dugc che bien v i b i o quin dung cich [1], [10].
2. Ket q u i xac djnh t h i n h p h i n v i h i m lugng acid amin cua sinh kh6i Artemia franciscana
K l l q u i thf nghidm x i c dinh thinh phin v i ham lugng acid amin cda sinh khli Artemia franciscana theo sa do thi nghiem dung phuong phip s i c ky khf (GC/FID), trdn may GC-6890 cua hang Agilent, My dupc trinh bay d bang 2
Bang 2. Thanh p h i n v i ham lu'gng acid amin cda sinh khoi Artemia franciscana
"
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
™ « , H . . „ „ - . Alanine Glycine Valine*
Leucine*
Isoleucine*
Threonine' Serine Proline Asparagine Methionine*
Hydroxyproline Glutamine Phenylalanine*
Lysine*
Histidine Tyrosine Tong ham luvng
acid amin
(ms^g)
284,22 70,81 5.451,63 1 699,20 4.318,86 566.47 849.65 1.132.81 8.025.45 4.328.84 8.779.74 142,68 5.878,49 9.204.87 5.316.99 20.744.48 76.800,20
"^VH,"
0,37 0.09 7.10 2.21 5.62 0.74 1.11 1,48 10,44 5.64 11,43 0.18 7.65 11.99 6.92 27,03 100
C) Acid amin khdng thay Ih4
Tli kit qua dupc the hign trdn bang 2. cho thiy sinh khoi Artemia franciscana giiu thinh phin acid amin v i bao gdm 16 acid amin phu hpp vdi kit q u i nghien cd'u ciJa smh khdi Artemia salina nudi trong ao dat tgi rudng muoi d Cam Ranh [4], Tuy nhien h i m lupng eua i l l c i cic acid amin cua sinh khoi Artemia franciscana deu cao hon him lupng acid amin cua sinh khoi Artemia salina nudi trong ao d l l tai rudng muli a Cam Ranh [4]. Trong 16 acid amin nay cd 7/8 acid amin khdng thay the (methionine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, lysine, threonine). Tong him lupng acid amin Ihay the la 45.351,84 mg/kg, ehiem 59,04% lupng acid amin v i long him luong acid amin khong thay the l i 31.448,36 mg/kg ehiem 40.96% lugng acid amin, Trong s6 cic acid amin. tyrosine chilm ham lupng eao nhat 20,03% long him lupng acid amin v i
TRL/ONG OAI HOC NHA TRANG • 23
Tgp chi Khoa hoc - Cong nghe Thdy sdn So 2/2014
thap nhat la glycin 0,09% tong h i m lupng acid amin.Cic loai acid amin khdng thay t h l rat can thilt cho su sinh trudng v i phit trien cua ngudi va ddng vgt Hai acid amin tyrosine cd him lupng 20 744,48 mg/kg va lysine cd him lupng 9,204,87mg/kg d i y l i hai acid amin thiet ylu chilm ty Id k h i cao, vi vgy nd ning gia trj dinh duang cOa sinh khli Artemia franciscana.
Mpt so acid amm cd chua nhdm OH", COO"
nhu tyrosine, serine, threonine, glutamine cd ham lupng acid amm khi cao, lan lugt: 27,03%. 1,11%, 0,74%, 0,18% so vdi long h i m lugng acid amm.
Bang 3. Thinh phan, him lugng lipid ting sd
c i c acid amin niy cd Unh phan cg-c mgnh, de dircrc c a t h i h i p thy.
Nhu viy, sinh 16/20 acid amin v i ed 7/8 acid amin khdng thay t h l ,
3. Ket q u i x i c djnh thinh phin va him luvng acid bdo cua sinh kh6i Artemia franciscana
Kel q u i thi nghi§m x i c dinh thinh phin v i ham iugng acid bdo eua sinh khoi Artemia franciscana theo sa do thi nghidm dung phuang phap sic ky khi (GC/FID). trdn m i y GC-6890 ciia hang Agiien, My dugc trinh b i y d bing 3.
va acid beo ctia sinh Ichoi Artemia franciscana Thanh phan
H^m lu'c?ng % so v&i nguyen lieu tuai Ham luong % so vol nguyen lieu kho Ham lu'ong % so vi^i tong add beo H^m lu'gng % so vol chat beo
SFA 0.25 1,77 12.83 6,53
MUFA 0.39 2.76 20 10,34
PUFA 0.28 1.99 14.36
7.43 HUFA 1.02 7,24 52,31 27.06
TFA 1.95 13.77
51,72 HUFA High unsaturated fatty acid (acid b6o kh6r\g bao hda m^ch
MUFA Mono unsaturated fatly acid (acid b6o khdng bao boa co m PUFA. Poly unsaturated tatty acid (acid beo khong bao hoa co nhi4u TFA. Total faty acid (long acid b4o)
SFA-Sturated fatty acid (acid beo bao hoa) Ti> bang 3 cho thiy, sinh khoi Artemia franciscana rit giiu chat beo va thinh phin acid bio khdng bao hda, dgc bigt la cac acid beo khdng bao hoa cd nhieu noi ddi. Ket qua xac djnh ham lugng acid beo bao hda cua sinh khoi Artemia franc/scanatrong nghien cuu nay thap han so vdi ham lupng acid beo bao hda cua sinh khoi Artemia salina nudi trong ao dat tgi rupng mudi d Cam Ranh [4].
Them vio do, him lupng acid beo khdng bao hda ed mdt noi ddi cua sinh khoi Artemia francisca gan bing vdi ham lupng acid beo khdng bao hda cd mpt noi ddi smh khoi Artemia salina nudi trong ao dat tai rudng muoi a Cam Ranh [4]. Ogc bidt han, him luong acid beo khong bao hda mgch cao va acid beo khdng bao hda cd nhieu noi doi cua smh khoi Artemia franciscana cao hon so vdi h i m lugng acid beo khong bao hoa mach cao va acid beo khdng bao hoa co mpt ndi doi sinh khoi Artemia franciscana deu cao han ham lupng acid amin cua cua sinh khli Artemia salina nudi trong ao dat tai rupng mudi d Cam Ranh [4]. Va tong him luang acid beo khdng no trong chat beo chiem tdi 1.96%
trpng luang tuoi cua nguyen lieu, chiem 11,997o
chi4m 52.31% tong acid b^o) ndt dd,)
ndl ddi)
trpng lupng khd cua nguyen lieu, chilm 44,83%
chat beo, chilm 86,67% long acid beo cao hon so vpi ldng ham lupng acid beo khdng no cOa sinh khoi Artemia salina nuoi trong ao d i t tgi rupng muoi a Cam Ranh [4]. Day l i thinh phan lot cho su phat triln v i sue khde con ngudi, nhung cung l i thanh phan r i t dd b\ d xy hda g i y nhung bien doi bat loi Irong qua trinh ehe biln va bao quin [1].
Sinh khoi Artemia franciscana rat giau chat beo va thanh phan acid beo khdng bao hda, IV. K£T LUAN
Sinh khoi Artemia franciscana ed ham lirong protein 57,74% trpng lupng khd, lipid 26,78% trpng lupng khd. Bang phuong phip s i c ky khf (GC/FID) Iren may GC-6890 cOa hing Agilent - My, sinh khoi Artemia franciscana chua kha day du cic loai acid amin 16/20, dgc bigl cd 7/8 logi acid amin thilt y ^ cung nhu r l l giiu acid beo khdng bio hoa mach cao, chilm 52,31 % ting acid beo v i acid bio khong bao hda cd nhilu nli ddi, chiem 7,43% long add bdo, Vi vgy, sinh khoi Artemia franciscana co ttie dupc danh gia la logi nguydn ligu dung lim thiic an giiu c h l l dmh dudng.
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Tg£^h[Khoa hgc - Cong nghe Thdy sdn So 2/2014
TAI UfU THAM KHAO liing Viet
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Dgi hgc C5n Tho: 106-111.
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trinh Iam ddng, tru ddng, ra ddng va bifin phap khac phuc. Luan in Tien sT Ky thual Truong Dai hgc Nha Trang li. Nguyen Thi Hdng Van vi cpng su. 2008. Anh hucmg ciia cbit lugng sinh khdi Anemia frong uang nuoi tdm su gidng Penaeus
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Tieng Anh
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