THOC T I E N - K I N H NGHIEM
THirC HIEN TOT CHlNH SACH BAO HIEM XA HOI, BAO HIEM Y TE GOP PHAN QAM BAO AN SINH XA HOI
TS DO VAN SINH
N
im 2008. vugt qua nhieu khri khan, nuo'c. ca quan BHXH. ci nhin nguoi lao dgng thu thich. nginh bao hiem xa hgi vi ngurii su dung lag dgng. Luat quy djnh ro ve (BHXH) dat dugc nhung thinli tich ding ke. hri sg. thu tuc, thrii gian giii quyet cic che dp.thyc hien ngiy cing tot hon chinh sich an sinh tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho viec quan ly. kiem xa hrii. Tao nen nhung ket qua quan trpng do co tra. giim sat va to chu'c thyc hien che dp chinh nhieu nhan to. trong do truoc het li nhung tic sach nhanh chong. kip thoi. cliihh xac cho dring tich cue cua \iec thuc hien Luat Bao hiem nguoi lao dong.
xaligi. Ben canh nhiing thuin lgi trgng qua trinh Luat Bao hiem xa hgi \ oi tinh phip ly cao tiien khai Luat Bio hiem xi hgi vin con khong vi on dinh da khic phuc dugc tinli trang truric it nhung khri khin, vuong mic ve che dg. chinh diy cri qui nhieu \'iii ban birring din \'i tha}' sich BHXH, BHYT nhung chua dugc huong doi thuong xu}'en che do. chinh sich. Cac qu}' din kjp thoi. Cic quy dinh lien quan den nhiing dinh trong Luat. nhat la qu} dinh \-e qu}en vi vi pham chinh sich BHXH trong Luat da kha nghia \'u klii tham gia BHXH da sit thyc tien. cu the nhung vin bin hucfrig din duoi Luat ve dam bao hgp ly giira thai gian. mu'c dring vi che tai xu ly cic vi pham, chua that sy cri tic mirc hu'ong cua timg che dp; dong thai dam dung ngin chin cic vi pham, nguyen nhin cua bao ngu} en tic chia se giira nhung nguoi tham tinh trang niy la theo quy djnh tai Nghj dinh so gia BHXH; do do dirge dong dao cac don vj. 135/2007/ND-CP ngiy 16-8-2007 v^ xu phat w nguoi lao dong \a nhan din dong tinh ung hp. pham hinh chinh trong ITnh \'yc BHXH. mirc tang nhanh so ngurii tham gia. tao dieu kien de toi da li 20 trieu dong, tren thyc te mu'c niy lai loan nganh tien toi muc tieu thyc hien BHXH qui thap doi voi cac doanh nghiep lan. co nhieu cho mpi ngurii lao dring. Luat BHXH da quy lao dgng voi so ti^n dring BHXH hing t\ dring dinh rat ro trach nhiem. qm'en ban cua cic ben moi quy. Viec trien khai thyc hien Thong tu tham gia bao hiem. do la: co quan quan ly nhi lien tjch so 03 ngiy 18-2-2008 cua Bg Lao dgng - Thuong binh vi Xa hgi. Bg Tii chinh \'a '•'' Pho Tong giam doc F^ao hiem xa hoi Viet Nam Ngan hing Nhi nuoc Viet Nam ve thu tuc buric
66 TAP CHI LICH SUOANG-SO 2/2009
THUC T I E N - K I N H NGHIEM
Inch tien tir tai khoin giri cua nguoi sir dung lao trich nhiem cua ci nhin ngurii lao dring. cua dring de nop tien BHXH chua dring. chim dring chu su dung lao dring \'i cua co quan BHXH
\a tien lii phit sinh dugc coi li bien phip trong thyc hien che dri. chinh sich BHXH:
manh. \an khri thyc hien. Tren thyc te da cri giam bcrt cic thu tuc. giiy to. bieu miu khring truong hgp co quan chuc ning de nghj Ngin can thiet. thuc hien co die "mgt cua" a tit ca hang trich tru tien tu' tii khoan cua doanh cic tinh. thinh pho. Tao thuin lgi cho ngurii nghiep so ng BHXH. BHYT nhung khi kiem huring lugng him. trg cip BHXH. dong thrii tra thi so lien cua doanh nghiep trong tii khoan giam lugng tien mat km thong trong qui trinh ma tai Ngan hing khong con. Ve co che. thu chi tra. BHXH Viet Nam da phoi hgp \rii mot tuc phrii hpp giu'a co quan BHXH voi cic co sri ngan hing thugng mai cri du dieu kien. trien quan chirc ning de cri the xir phat dugc mgt khai thyc hien phuong thu'c chi tra luong huu.
truring hgp li rit phu'c tap. keo dai. nhat la trg cap BHXH hang thing qua tii khoan the trong viec khai kien cac doanh nghiep co tinh ATM cho nhung ngurii ty ngm'en lira chgn ng dpng. Iron dring BHXH ra tria in theo quy phuang thirc ni}'. Den na}' da cri 13 dia phuong dinh cua Luat. Do vay trong thyc te. sri vy viec grim: TP. Ho Chi Minh. Hi Nrii. Hai Phring. Da
\i pham thi nhieu nhung vu viec dugc xu ly lai Ning, Bi Ria - Vung Tiu. Ninh Thuin. An rat it va rit chim. Cri quy djnh trong Luat chua Giang. Tien Giang. Dik Lik. Lang Son. Nghe phii hgp voi thyc tien nhu: ngurii su dung lao An. Lam Dring \'a Hi Giang trien khai \'gi gan dring giir lai 2% cua quy om dau. thai sin de chi 50.000 ngurii nhin lirong huu. trg.cap hang tra kip thai cho nguoi lao dgng; nhung den nay thing qua tii khgan the.
da gan 2 nim thyc hien. qua thong kc cua eg Nim 2008. 41.640.000 ngurii tham gia quan BHXH. cri trii 90% sri don vi su dung lao BHXH. BHYT ting 8.7% so vrii nim 2007, dpng khong muon giu lai ma de nghj dugc nop trong dri: sri ciing tham gia BHXH. BHYT bit het cho eg quan BHXH nhu truoc khi cri Luat: buric li 8.34 trieu ting 5.8%; so ciing tham gia ly do giai thich cho sy chua phu hcip niy la cic BHXH tir nguyen li 6.200 nguoi; sri chi tham gia don \'i khring muon phat sinh them so sich. BHXH bit bugc li 1.0 trieu ngurii; sri chi tham chimg tir vi thrii gian de quin ly; hgn nira tmric gia BHYT la 21.7 trieu. ting 5%; So tham gia khi CO Luat. co quan BHXH van thuring xm'en BHYT ty ngLi}'en li 10,6 trieu ngurii. ting 13%.
img tru'ri'c kinh phi chg ngiroi su dung lao dgng Vrii sri lao dgng tham gia tren. sri thu trong de chi tra kip thrii hai che do tren. nim dat 39.813 t}' dong. tang 6.7% so vrii du De phuc \-u tot hon doi tugng vi don vj toin do Thu luring Chinh phu giao. trong dri so tham gia. BH.XH Viet Nam da som sua doi. bri thu BHYT ty ngm en li 1.6491} dring.
sung quy trinh giai qu}et cic che do BHXH Trong nim, di chi cho hon 2.3 trieu ngurii phu hop \rii qu} dinh cua Luat theo huring cai huong che do BHXH hing thing \'ai sri tien cach thu tuc hanh chinh; thu tiic ho so don gian. tren 33 nghin t}' dring da giai quyet gin 118 de thu'c hien nhung \aii dap img }eu cau quan nghin nguoi huong BHXH hing thing, tang 1\. quy dinh cu the cic loai giiy to cin phai co 10.8% so voi nim 2007. Giai qii}'et huong frg trong timg loai hri sa; qu\ djnh ro qu}en \a cap mgt lan cho tren 367 nghin ngurii. ting
TAP CHI LICH S U O A N G - S O 2/2009 67
THUC TIEN-KINH N G H I E M
77.5% so vai nam 2007. Ngoii ra BHXH cic luat. dring bg \'i khi thi khi tri chuc thyc hien; diy tmh. thinh phri da giai quyk tren 2.5 trieu lugt nhanh \iec img dung cong nghe thong tin frong nguoi huong 6m dau. gin 600 nghin lugt nguoi mpi boat dgng quin ly vi hoin thien ca che "mgt huong trg cip thai sin vi 500 nghin lugt nguoi cua lien thong" de trien khai toin nginh. Doi mrii.
huong trg cip during su'c. Phrii hgp \'oi cic eg tag buric dgt phi frong phuong phip chi dao.
so y te dim bio quySn lgi cho khoang 86 trieu huong dan nghiep vn doi voi cac BHXH cic tinh, lugt nguoi di khim. chira benh (ting 3,7% so thinh phri. nhit la frong viec phan cap cho voi nam 2007). trong do kham. chira benh BHXH tinh. thanh pho va BHXH quan. huyen ngoai tru li 80.5 trieu lugt ngurii. ngi tru li 5.5 theo huong nhihig gi eg sof lim dugc vi lam tot trieu lugt nguoi voi s6 chi uoc khoing 10.004 thi phan cap. Chu dgng phrii hgp voi cic co quan t}' dring (tang 23,1% so voi nam 2007), trong thong tin dai chung cua Trung uong vi dja do chi cho nhom tham gia BHYT bit bugc li phuang day manh cong tic hiyen tmyen, giai 7.811 ty dring (ting 33.7% so \'oi nim 2007). thich de ning cao nhan thu'c vi tao niem tin cua BHYT ty ngu}'en li 2.193 t}' dong (giam 3.9% nguoi lao dgng va nhin dan vag chinh sach sg voi nim 2007). BHXH. BHYT. Ting curing cong tic dio tao.
Nam 2009. nen kinh te nuric ta dugc dy big chuyen drii tic phgng lirh viec hr hinh chinh thu se tiep tue chju tic dgng cua cugc kiiung hoang dgng sang tic phong phuc vu de dip img yeu cau.
tii chinh, kinh te cua the gioi. anh hirohg tryc nhiem vu ngiy cang tang cua Nginh frong tinh tiep den lao dgng. \'iec lim. tien luong cua hinh moi, dong thoi nang cao y thirc, trich nhiem nguoi lao dgng vi doi song nhin din. Dieu dri frong cong tie phuc vy doi mgng tham gia vi thu tat yeu se tic dgng manli den hgat dgng ciia huong BHXH, BHYT.
nginh BHXH. nhit li trong nim 2009 che dp Nim 2008, vo'i sy phit trien ben viing cua bio hiem that nghiep dugc thue hien tir ngiy nganh BHXH trong dieu kien nen kinh te - xa 1-1-2009 vi Luat BHYT co hieu lyc hr 1-7- hgi cua dat nuac gap nhieu kho khin, cing 2009. Voi nhung kho khan niy. de thyc hien tot thiy vai trri quan trgng cua he thong chinh chuc nang. nhiem \y dugc giao. trong thoi gian sach BHXH. BHYT trong do^i song kinh te - toi BHXH Viet Nam se tip trung \ i o mgt so xi hgi cua dit nuric, trong moi gia dinh vi moi
\iec trgng tam: tien hinh dinh gii 2 nim thyc con nguoi. De BHXH, BHYT, vcii vai trri li hien Luat BHXH de kjp thoi phin inh voi cic nen ting an sinh xa hgi cua dit nuo'c ta, dugc Bp chirc nang va Chinh phu nhung vuong mic, thyc hien ngiy cang hieu qui hon, cin tiep tuc na} sinh trong qui trinh to chu'c thyc hien; de tong ket, dinh gia, hoan thien chinh sich xuat. kien nghj sua doi. bo sung Luat de nang BHXH, BHYT va tri chirc triin khai thyc hien cao hieu lyc thyc hien. Phoi hop chit che voi tot, nham dam bio an sinh xa hgi. Di}' khong cac Bp. nginh de huong dan, to chirc thyc hien chi li frach nhiem cua nhung nguoi tryc tiep Luat BHXH. BHXH ty nguyen. bio hiem that thyc hien chinh sich mi li trich nhiem cua nghiep \'a Luat BHYT. BHXH Viet Nam hep toan Ding, toan dan, cua cac cip. cic nganh.
tiic sua doi. bo sung \ i ban hinh mai cac \in Dri vira li nhiem vu vira mang tinh cip bach, ban quin ly dam bao dung qu}- dinh cua phip vu'a mang tinh chien luge liu dii.
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