NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO DOI
CO HOI VA THACH THlfC HANG NONG SAN KHI VIET NAM THAM GIA CAC HIEP OjNH THUONG MAI TU DO (FTA)
• TS. Bill THANH QUANG (*)
• ThS.NGUYf;NTUAN(**)
• CN. NGUYiN THI NHir*(***) TOM TAT
Sdn xuat vd xuat khdu nong sdn ciia Viet Nam co vai tro quan trpng trong vifc phdt trien kinh te xa hgi, duy tri tang truang xudt khau dn djnh vd ldm cho dua cho nen Unh te quoc ddn. Bdt idu nam 2015, khi Ip trinh cat giam thue suit cita cdc hiep iinh thucmg mgi tif io FTA md Vift Nam ia ky ket diefic dp difng thi mot so mat hdng nong sdn Viet co ca hpi ndng cao iupc lai the cgnh tranh tren thj truemg qudc ti vdmd rpng thf truang xudt khau. Tuy nhien, ngodi ca hpi thi hdng nong sdn Viet Nam chiu dp Itfc cgnh tranh vai cdc sdn phim ciing logi co chdt luang cao ngay tgi thi trudng npi iia vd xual khdu, hdng nong sdn con gap nhieu kho khan khi idi mgt vai nhieu rdo cdn thuang mgi iupc cdc nuac nhap khdu dgt ra nham bdo hp sdn xudt cUng nhu nguai tieu iilng trong nuac.
Tie khoa; Hi?p iinh thuang mgitudo (FTA), xuat khdu, nong sdn, thue...
SUMMARY
Production ani export of agricultural products of Vietnam have an important role in the socio- economic development, maintain stable export growth ani prop up the national economy. Since 2015, when the tax reduction scheiule of the free traie agreement FTA which Viemam has signed was applied, some agricultural commodities of Vietnam have hai opportunities to improve competitive aivantages in the intemational market ani expani export marfcets thanks to substantially cut tariff. However, apart from the opportunities, Vietnamese agricultural products bear competitive pressure with the same proiucts of high quality at the iomestic and export markets and meet a lot ofiifficulties with the tendency to face many traie barriers raised by the importing countries to protect manufacturing as well as iomestic consumers.
Key words: Free Traie Agreement (FTA), export, agricultural proiucts, tariff...
1. Dat van de FTA Vift Nam - EU... chinh thfle dugc ap Khi Id trinh cat giim thui suit cua cac dung, cic sin phim ndng nghifp cua Viet Hifp djnh thuong mai tu do mi Vift Nam da Nam cd kha nang ning cao nang luc canh va se tham gia nhu: TPP, FTA Vif t Nam - Han tranh; lien kit v i tham gia vio chuoi gia trj Qudc, Cdng ding kinh ti ASEAN (AEC), toin ciu vdi cic tip doin kinh t i ldn trfin thi
NGHIEN Cil'U-TRAO DOI
gidi; thu hftt ngudn vin diu tu tryc tiip tii cic nudc thanh vien tham gia FTA vdi Vift Nam vao linh vuc diu tu v i phit triin ndng nghifp cdng nghf cao.
Tham gia FTA, TPP Vift Nam cd co hdi de md rdng thj trudng xuit khau ndng sin, tham gia chudi gia trj toin cau khi hdi nhip sau vio nen kinh t i qudc te, ban chi tinh frang phy thugc qua nhiiu vao mdt vii thj tiirdng xuat nhip khiu ndng sin nhu hien nay. Ben canh co hdi l i nhiing thich thfle khi hang ndng sin se canh ttanh true tiep vdi cac sin phim chit lugng cao tai thj tradng ndi dia va cic bifn phap phdng vf thuang mai nhu hing rio ky thuat thuong mai (TBT) hay cac bifn phap vf sinh djch te (SPS) cfta cac nudc nhap khiu, nham dua ra nhflng tieu chuin khat khe hon ve chit lugng hang hda, nhan mic, bao bi sin phim, du lugng khang sinh frong ndng sin, bio vf mdi trudng... de bio vf sin xuit va tieu dftng cfta cic nudc nhip khau. Day se l i thich thftc rat ldn den boat ddng xuat khau ndng sin vio cac thi tradng khd tinh va cic thj tradng tiim nang.
2. Ngi dung
2.1. Sa lugc cdc hiep Sinh thuang mgi tit do (FTA) VietNam da ky kit
Hifp djnh thuong mai tu do (Free Trade Agreement - FTA) l i thda thuan gifla cic ben tham gia ky ket dinh cho nhau nhflng uu dai v i md cfla thi tradng hing hda, djch vy, diu tu, thue quan... Khi thuc hifn cam kit FTA, TPP cac nudc phii tiin hanh theo Id trinh vifc cat giam va xda bd hing rio thui quan, phi thue quan nham tien tdi vifc thanh lap mgt khu vye miu djch ty do. Tinh
tdi thdi diim hifn tai, Vift Nam da tham gia dim phan, ky ket v i dang trien khai thuc hifn 8 Hifp djnh thuang mai tu do trong dd cd cac Hifp djnh ndi bat sau day:
- Hiep dinh Doi tdc kinh te chien lupc tu do xuyen Thdi Binh Duang (Trans Pacific Partnership -TPP)
Sau 5 nam dim phan den ngiy 05/10/2015, Bd tradng cfta 12 nudc thinh vien da ra tuyen bd chung ve vifc ket thuc dam phan TPP. Kit qui dim phin l i mdt hifp djnh chit lupng cao, tham vpng, toin difn v i cin bang se thftc day tang tracing kinh te; hd trg tao ra v i duy tri vifc lim; thftc day vifc ddi mdi, nang suit v i tinh cpih tranh; nang cao mftc sing; giam ngheo tai cic nudc; v i nang cao minh bach hda, quan tri tdt cung nhu bio hd lao dgng v i bio vf mdi tradng. Khu vye Chau A - Thii Binh Duong hifn Ii khu vye thj tradng thucmg mai chiim den 70%
tdng kim ngach xuat khau va 80% tdng kim ngach nhap khau cua Vift Nam.
- FTA Viet Nam - Hdn Quoc (VKFTA) Vift Nam v i Chinh phft Hin Qudc da ky Bien bin thoi thuan ve ket thftc dim phan Hifp djnh Thuong mai ty do Vift Nam - Han Qudc vio ngiy 10/12/2014. Cic cam ket ve djch vy, dau tu, mdi tradng chinh sich minh bach, thdng thoing, khuyen khich canh tranh binh dang, phu hgp vdi quy djnh qudc te se gdp phan tang cudng thu hut diu tu tfl Han Qudc vao Vift Nam.
Hin Quic danh cho Vift Nam uu dai cit, giim thue quan, tao co hdi xuat khau mdi quan trpng ddi vdi cic nhdm hing ndng, thfty sin chu lyc nhu tdm, ci, hoa qui nhif t
TAP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEI
NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO OOl
ddi v i hang cdng nghiep nhu dft, may, sin pham CO khi. Lin diu tien, Hin Qudc md cua thj tradng cho nhflng sin pham nhu tdi, gflng, mat ong, tdm, tao co hpi canh tranh dang ke cho Viet Nam so vdi cic ddi thu canh tranh khic ttong khu vye. Hin Qudc cam kit tu do hda 95,43% sd ddng thue, Vift Nam cam kit vdi 89,75% sd ddng thue.
- FTA Viet Nam - EU (EVFTA) Dugc khdi ddng tfl thing 6/2012 tai Brassels (Bi), trai qua 10 phien chinh thfle v i nhieu phien gifla ky. Ngiy 13/10/2014, Thft tudng Chinh phu Nguyen Tin Dung vi Chu tjch Uy ban Chau Au (EC) Manuel Barroso da cd buii thio luan vi kit thuc dam phan FTA nay. Hifn hai ben tap trang xfl Iy mot sd vin de then chdt de hudng tdi vifc thvrc Men cic cam ket d p yeu cau chat lugng cao v i cin bang trong tit c i cac ITnh vuc dim phin md cfla thi trudng (thuong mai hang hda, thuong mai djch vu, dau tu, mua sam cdng) cung nhu cic quy djnh v i quy tac quan ly (dac bift la sd hiru tri tuf, bao gdm chi dan dja ly cua bai ben; doanh nghifp nhi nudc vabao hp dau tu...).
- FTA Viet Nam vd Lien minh Hdi quan Nga-Belarus- Kazakhstan (VCUFTA)
Lien minh Hii quan da danh cho Vift Nam uu dai ve cac mat hang nhu: ndng san, bao gdm tit c i cac mat hing thuy san v i hang cdng nghiep nhu dft, may, da giiy, d i gd va mpt sd san pham che bien. Ding thdi, Vift Nam cung md cfla thi tradng theo Id trinh cho Lien minh Hai quan ddi vdi mpt si
sin phim chin nudi, hing cdng nghifp, miy mdc, thiit bj, phuong tifn van tii, gdp phin lim da dang hda them thj tradng tieu dung trong nudc. Udc tinh, khi Hifp djnh FTA Vift Nam v i Lien minh Hii quan dugc ky kit, xuit khiu tii Vift Nam sang Nga cd thi tang 63%, sang Belaras tang 41% v i sang Kazakhstan tang SVo (Theo Uy ban quic gia vi hgp tic kinh te qudc te, 2013).
2.2 Ca hgi vd thdch thtrc cho hdng nong sdn Viet Nam khi tham gia FTA
2.2.1 Cdc ca hpi cho xudt khdu hdng nong sdn VietNam
- Ndng cao ndng luc cgnh tranh Khi tham gia vao FTA, Vift Nam se trii qua hai Id trinh giim thue quan trpng l i nam 2015 v i nam 2020. Trong khoi ASEAN, bit diu tfl nam 2015, cd tdi 93% thue dugc dua ve 0% khi cac nudc nhip khiu vio Vift Nam v i ngugc lai; 7% thue cdn Iai den nam 2018 dua ve 0%, vdi cac thi tradng My va Chau Au, den nam 2020 cac mat hing nhap khiu, xuat khiu cung dua ve mflc thue 0%.
Thue suit cd tic ddng rat ldn ddi vdi hoat ddng xuat nhip khiu cic sin phim ndng nghifp cua nudc ta, ban che kha nang canh tranh vi md rdng thj tradng dac bift li cac nudc phit triin nhu My, Hin Quic, EU...
Khi cic Hiep djnh FTA chinh thfle cd hieu Iyc, cac rao can ve thue suit khdng cdn la vin di ldn nua nen se thuan lgi cho hing hda ndng sin luu thdng vao thj tradng cua cac nudc thanh vien.
NGHli;N CU'U - TR,\0 DOl
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Khi cdng ddng kinh te ASEAN dugc thanh lap, thue suit trong ASEAN se ve tu 0-5%, tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho xuat nhap khau hang hda trong khdi, cac van de khac nhu quy tae xuat xii linh hoat, hien dai, minh bach hda cao se cd nhieu yeu td thuan lpi, tao dieu kien thuan lpi cho cac DN Viet Nara nang cap nang luc canh tranh ciing nhu tham gia sau hon vao chudi gia tri toan ciu.
Ngoai cac Hiep dinh FTA da ky vdi eac nudc, Viet Nam la thanh vien cua Hiep dinh ddi tac kinh te chien lupc xuyen Thai Binh Duang TPP, cac doanh nghiep xuat khau eo lpi thi trudc nhiiu ddi thii canh tranh khi xam nhap thi tnidng Hoa Ky do duge hudng cac uu dai cao ciia TPP trong khi cac nudc nhu Trung Quoc, Han Qudc, Dai Loan, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia chua phai la thanh vien TPP.
- Mdrong vd da dgng hoa thi trudng xudt khdu
Ke til khi tham gia vao nen kinh te khu vuc va the gidi, Viet Nam da cd quan he thuang mai dn dinh vdi hon 160 quoe gia va viing lanh thd tren the gidi. Cac nudc nhap khau ndng san Viet Nam ngoai cac thi trudng ndng san ehu luc la Hoa Ky, Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc, ASEAN, EU, Ha Lan, Anh, Uc,... ngay cang md rdng tir Bac My, Chau Au, Ddng Bac A, Chau Uc sang Nam My, Chau Phi va Tay A.
EU vin la thi trudng xuat khau hang hda ldn nhat cua Viet Nam hien nay.
Ngoai cac thi trudng truyen thdng, cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam ed ca hdi md rpng thi trudng xuat nhap khau hang ndng san sang cac qudc gia thanh vien vua tham gia Hiep dinh, dac biet la thi trudng Chau Au vdi 28 quoc gia thanh vien khoang 500 trieu dan va TPP se la thi tnrdng chiin lupc vdi 12 qudc gia thanh vien va hon 800 trieu dan hay AEC vdi 10 qudc gia thanh vien va 600 trieu ngudi. Tham
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NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO OOl
Bi^u do 2: Tri gia xu4t khau hang hoa v i o cac nvffc tham gia FTA v6i VN
Trieu USD
25000 20000 - 15000 10000 -
5000 - 0 -
- • - ASEAN - * - Nhat Ban
^ ^ N e w Zealand )t( Han Quoc
2 0 ^ 5517 ST'B 4340 47 663
2010 11385 10364 7727
122 3092
2011 16541 13656 11091 151 4866
2012 2O302 17426 13064 184 5580
2013 1 24318 18415 1 3 0 0 274 6618
gia FTA Ii hudng di tat yeu cua nen kinh te Vift Nam hifn nay, tranh phy thudc qua nhieu vao mdt vai thj tradng xuat khau nhit li thi tracmg Trang Qudc nhu dang dien ra.
liep can moi trudng kinh doanh minh bgch vd binh ddng hon
Sue ep budc Viet Nam phai tiep tyc ban hinh he thdng luat, chinh sach phu hgp cam kit FTA vi tten tieu chi: phu hgp, rd ring, kha thi, ddng bd.
Khi tham gia vio nen kinh te toin cau cic doanh nghifp Viet Nam cd nhieu co hpi tiip can cich thftc quan ly doanh nghifp tien tiin tii cic nudc phit trien, ftng dvmg cdng nghe thdng tin hifn dai, minh bach hda hf thing quan Iy tao dieu kifn thuan lgi cho cac doanh nghifp Vift Nam nang cao nang luc canh ttanh cung nhu tham gia siu hon vao chudi gia tii toan cau.
Ngudi tieu diing tten thi gidi ngiy cang ttd nen thdng minh hon, su dung nhung san
Nguon: Tong cifc Thong ke 2014
pham thyc pham sach v i cd ngudn gde xuat xu rd ring, vi vay se khdng cd chd canh ttanh cho nhiing doanh nghiep sin xuit kinh doanh san pham khdng dim bio chit lugng vi tiiiiu minh bach ttong giao tiip kinh doanh.
- Thu hut ddu tu true tiep tir nuac ngodi cho linh vuc phdt trien nong nghiep
Trong qua trinh dim phin FTA, ngoii vin de giao thuong hing hda cdn cd ngi dung dim phan ve diu tu, khi FTA cd hieu lyc cac hiep djnh niy se thuc diy, gia tang diu tu cua cac nudc thinh vien (nhit li cic nudc phat trien nhu My, Austtalia, New Zealand, Singapore...) vio Vift Nam, dac biet ttong mpt sd linh vuc Vift Nam mong mudn phat trien nhu cac nginh ndng nghifp cdng nghf cao, hinh thinh cac chudi khep kin vdi cdng nghf tien tiin, tao khi nang cho Viet Nam tham gia tdt hon vao chudi gii tii khu vye v i tren thi gidi.
Ndng nghifp la liiih vye cd nhieu rui ro nen khdng thu hftt dugc nhieu du an FDI, tuy
NGHIEN CU U - TRAO DOl
nhien frong thdi gian gin day, dac bift linh vye day tu phat trien ndng ngMfp cdng nghf cao, nam 2013 cd 13 dy an ttong ting sd 1530 du in chiim 0,85%, nam 2014 cd 28 du in ttong ting s i 1843 dy an cMim 1,52%. Hy vgng sau kM md cfla, cic thft tuc don gian hon se thu hut nhieu dy an day tu tryc tiip tii nudc ngoii vio linh vye phit triin nginh ndng nghifp cdng nghf cao.
2.2.2 Nhung thdch thitc doi vai hdng nong sdn xudt khdu cda Viet Nam
- Ndng luc cgnh tranh cua doanh nghiep VietNam con yeu
Khi cac Hifp djnh cd hifu lyc thi vifc cat giam thue, chac chin se cd ludng hing nhap khiu rit ldn tfl cic nudc thinh vien vio Viet Nam vdi gia ca cpih ttanh. Dieu niy din den cic doanh ngMfp ttong nudc ddi mat vdi sy cpih franh gay gat ngay tai thi tradng ndi dja, thj phan hing hda cfla Vift Nam bj thu hep de dan den nguy co mat thj tradng ndi dja vao tay
cic doanh nghiep nudc ngoii vdn cd tiem lyc tii chinh mpih vi cdng nghf hifn dai, dac bift ddi vdi nhdm hing ndng sin ludn gap nhieu khd khan ttong vin de xuit khiu nhu hifn nay.
Trong TPP Viet Nam cd hpig thap nhit vi nang lyc cpih franh trong nhdm 12 nudc tham gia dim phan giai doan 2014-2015. Cuii nam 2015 theo khio sit, Vift Nam da tang 12 bac ve nang lyc cpih franh toin ciu, Ii qudc gia tang bac mpih nhat trong khu vuc ASEAN v i ttong nhdm dim phan TPP, hifn xip thfl 56/140 qudc gia dugc khio sit. Vdi vj tri 56, Vift Nam vugt qua Mexico vi Pera, nhd cic doanh nghifp Vift da cd sy chuyen bien tich cyc ttong ddi mdi, sing tao vi md rdng ho^t ddng kinh doanh ciing nhu cii thien trinh dp sin xuit, trinh dp cdng nghe cua minh. So sinh chi sd nang Iyc canh ttanh cfta Vift Nam vdi cac nudc tham gia TPP cho thay cic doanh nghifp Vift Nam dang d rat thap ttong chudi gia tti.
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NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI
Trong Hnh vuc sin xuit va tieu thy ndng sin, Vift Nam cdn thiiu gin ket gifla cic nginh, dja phuong, hay ndi cich khic Ii thieu sy lien kit cfla 4 Nhi (Nhi nudc, nha khoa hgc, nhi doanh nghifp v i nha ndng). Thieu su quy hoach va quan ly cua Nha nudc ttong khiu tieu thy sin pham, phu thudc qua nhieu vio thuong lii vi thj tradng Trung Qudc.
- Boi dien v&i hdng rdo thuang mgi cua cdc nuac nhdp khdu.
Khi Vift Nam hgi nhap sau vio nen kinh te the gidi, hing hda ndng lam thuy sin cd xu the ddi mat vdi nhieu rio cin thuang mai dugc cac nudc nhip khiu dat ra de bio hd sin xuit trong nudc nhu sfl dyng hang rio ky thuat thuang mai (TBT - Technical Barriers to Trade) hay bifn phap vf sinh djch te (SPS - Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures) ia nhiing bien phap phdng ve hiiu hifu nhit mi cic nudc ap dung de han che tinh frpig nhap khau d p ndng sin vao ndi dja. Vin de niy rat quan trpng ddi vdi khi nang tiip can thj tradng cua ndng sin Viet Nam, bdi du thue nhap khau vao cac nudc cd dugc cat bd het, nhung vifc kiem djch, kiem fra du lugng khing sinh, cac ddi hdi vi nhan mic bao gdi... cua cic nudc van ngan chan khi nang xuat khau cua ndng sin Viet Nam, tham chi cdn nil ro nhieu hon so vdi thui quan.
Vdi cac yeu cau ngiy cing kbit khe vi chat lugng va an toin thyc phim, tray xuit nguin gde, cic yeu ciu ve bio vf mdi tradng, cac vy kifn chdng frg cap, chdng bin phi gii vi ttanh chip thucmg mai li thuc ti ma cic doanh nghifp va co quan quin ly cua Vift Nam se phii doi mat. Vift Nam chua cd nhiiu kinh nghifm ddi phd vdi cic rio cin ky thuat mi
cic ddi tic thuong mai dvmg nen nham bao hf sin xuit frong nudc.
- Thuang hieu vd chdt luang hdng nong sdn Cac mat hing xuit khiu chu lyc cua ta nhu:
Ifta gao, ci phe, hd tieu, hat dieu... hau nhu chua cd hoac rit it thuong hifu fren thi tradng qudc ti. Khi xuit khiu, hau het ndng sin Vift Nam phai thdng qua tiling gian hay dudi nhan Men cua nudc ngoii, cd the lift ke mpt vai mat hang nhu: nudc mim, hoa qui... Da so hing ndng sin xuit khau chu lyc cfta nudc ta diu duiji dpig thd hoac so che, nen gii tii fliu dugc chua cao. Dieu niy cho thiy, gia trj gia tang cfta hing hda ndng sin nudc ta rat thip.
Qui trinh chuyen djch co cau eiy frdng diln ra chim, cay lua vin li cay frdng chu dao ttong cic Ioai cay ttdng. Cic nginh sin xuat phuc vu ndng nghiep nhu cdng nghifp sin xuit tu lieu san xuat, che bien ndng sin, thuong mai, djch vy ndng nghifp cham ddi mdi v i thiiu Uen kit chat che vdi ndng nghiep vi ngudi ndng dan.
Ben canh dd, vifc ndng din Iam dyng hoa chit ttong sin xuat ndng nghifp dang lim anh hudng din chat lugng ndng sin vi giy d nhilm mdi tradng, cdng nghf bio quin sau thu hoach kem dang li khau yiu nhit ttong chudi gia tri sin xuit hing hda.
- Ndng luc sdn xudt vd qudn ly thong tin Tbeo thdng ke cua Ngin hing Thi gidi, nang lyc sin xuit cua Vift Nam thip nhat khdi ASEAN, dieu niy din den gii thinh sin pham cao, khd canh tranh vdi sin phim cung loai. Ben canh dd, ning lyc tim kiem thj tradng cfta cic ca quan chuc nang, cic doanh nghifp cdn yeu; dy bao thdng tin gii ca thieu chinh xic, die biet doanh nghiep ludn iiy
Bi^u do 4: Xep h^ng trinh d$ san suat cic ninS'c trong khu vi^c ASEAN
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lpi ich cua minh lam muc tieu kinh doanh ma bd quen ngudi ndng dan, ngudi true tiep lam ra san pham. Cae ca quan chuc nang, cac doanh nghiep chua quan tam diing muc den viec xay dung thuang hieu cho hang hda ndng san Viet Nam.
2.3. Mpt so gidi phdp ndng cao ndng lire ceinh tranh cho nong sdn Viet Nam
Viec cat giam thue quan, gd bd rao can ky thuat va hanh chinh da tao ra tang trudng sue ep canh tranh giira hang hda nhap khau va san xuat trong nude. Su han che ve vdn, cdng nghe, nang luc san xuat va trinh dp quan ly khiin cac nha san xuat va doanh nghiep trong nudc phai ddi mat vdi nguy co bi cae tap doan toan cau va cae doanh nghiep ldn thau tdm...
D i thuc hien cae cam kit khi tham gia cac Hiep dinh FTA va TPP, hang ndng san se phai canh tranh d miic dp cao han, khdc liet han ngay tai thi trudng ndi dia ki ea xuat kh4u. Vi vay Nha nudc va doanh nghiep con
Ngudn: Dien ddn kinh te The giai 2014 CO nhirng ehu truong va giai phap nang cao nang lire eanh tranh eua Viet Nam tren thi trudng qudc te:
Thu^ nhat: Cdi thien moi truemg kinh doanh vd ndng cao nang luc canh tranh
Theo Nghi quyit 19/NQ-CP, ngay 12/3/2015 cua Chinh phu, nham thuc hien cd hieu qua 3 dot pha chien lupc gan vdi ca cau lai nen kinh te, ddi mdi md hinh tang trudng, nang cao nang suat, chat luang hang hda, hieu qua va nang lire canh tranh, phan dau cai thien diem sd va vi tri xep hang ve mdi trudng kinh doanh va nang lire canh tranh qudc gia.
Can danh gia lai cu the sue manh ve su canh tranh ciia tung san pham chii yeu de cd bien phap khac phuc nhiing yeu kem, bao dam ndng san cua nudc ta chiem Hnh thi trudng trong nude (ke ea tieu diing va che bien), chii trpng cae giai phap ddng bd ve ky thuat va kinh te lam cho san pham thich iing vdi thi trudng.
Xac dinh ro chiing loai va thi trudng xuat khau TAP CHI KINH TE - CONC
i
NGHIEN CU'U - TRAO DOI
chft yeu, bio dim gidng tdt cho eiy ttdng xuit khiu. Xiy dvmg mdt danh myc hang hda ndng sin cho xuit khau. Lua chgn nhflng loai die sin thj tradng thi gidi dang cd nhu ciu ldn, di ttdng m i cic nudc ttong khu vuc khdng cd hoac chua chfl y sin xuit nham giam bdt ip lyc cpih ttanh, ap dyng khoa hgc - ky thuat de tang ty ttgng xuat khau sin pham.
Thir hai: Ve chinh sdch thu hut ddu tu vd phdt trien nong nghiep
Can cd chinh sach thu hut dau tu ttong v i ngoii nudc, dac bift ngudn vdn FDI vio ITnh vye sin xuit va che bien ndng sin theo hudng sin xuat ndng nghifp cdng nghf cao, nhim nang cao nang suit vi chit lugng ndng sin de canh ttanh tryc tiep vdi san pham nudc ngoii. De thuc hifn chinh sich thu hut dau tu Nha nudc da ban hinh mdt sd Nghi djnh vi Quyet djnh lien quan den vifc khuyen khich san xuit vi tieu thy hing ndng sin nhu: Nghi dinh 210/2013/ND-CP vi chinh sach khuyin khich doanh nghifp dau tu vao ndng nghiep, ndng thdn. Quyit djnh si 62/2013/QD-TTg, ngiy 25 tiling 10 nam 2013 ciia Thu tiirdng CMnh phft (thay cho QD 80 vi tieu thy ndng sin thdng qua hgp ding vi Uen kit 4 Nha).
Quyet djnh ip dyng chinh sich khuyin khich phit trien hgp tic, lien kit sin xuat gin vdi tieu thy ndng sin, xiy dvmg cinh ddng ldn...
Thu ba: Xdy dung hodn thien bp tieu chudn doi vai cdc mat hdng xudt khdu vd nhdp khdu
Xay dvmg cac tieu chuan ddi vdi hing xuit khiu, xay dvmg Id ttinh ban chi xuit khiu sin phim thd; Ban hanh quy djnh tieu chuin doanh nghifp dugc xuat khiu mdt si mat hang gin vifc tao ra Uen ket liu dii va i n djnh gifla
nhi xuat khau vi nhi sin xuit, chS bien; Gin viec cip phep cho cic doanh nghifp FDI md CO sd bin le thfl hai vdi viec doanh ngMfp dua hing cua Vift Nam ban frong hf tiidng phin phii d nudc ngoii; Hoan thifn chinh sach thuong mai bifn gidi de ning cao hifu qua hoat ddng cfla cic Khu kinh t i cfla khiu va Khu hgp tic thuong mai bien gidi; Dii mdi vi ning cao hifu qua cdng tic xftc tien thuong mai v i Chuong trinh thuong hifu qudc gia...
Thit tutXdy dung vdphdt trien thuang hieu hdng nong sdn VietNam
Trade mat, cic doanh nghifp Viet Nam cin dinh hudng lua chgn mdt sd thucmg Mfu chu lyc cho cic mat hing ndng sin dang cd the manh tren thj tradng thi gidi nhu gao, ci ph6, hd tieu, h p diiu... de cd thi xuit khau true tiep din cic tin tradng cd nhu ciu m i khdng phai qua tiimg gian hoac mugn thuong hifu nudc ngoii. Viec hinh thatih cic doanh nghifp sin xuit, kinh doanh hang ndng sin cd quy md Xim, tang cudng xay dvmg cic chudi cung ftng ndng sin... se la ca sd ban dau de Mnh thinh cic thuong hifu manh cfta cic doanh nghifp v i ndng sin Vift Nam fren thj tradng the gidi.
3. Kit luan
De cd the chu ddng tham gia vio thj tiudng qudc te, ve phia doanh nghifp can nghien ciru die thu vi tiem nang de cd phuong an tai cau tnic, sap xep, td chftc lai doanh ngMfp theo hudng khai thic tdi da lgi the so sanh cua doanh nghifp, dy bio tic dpng hgi nhap; nang cao nang lyc canh tranh cua ndng sin. Vi phia CO quan Nhi nudc khdng ngimg kifn toin td chflc, nang cao nang lyc quan Iy, xay dvmg luc lugng tham gia cac to chflc, lien minh qudc te;
3919
NGHIEN c u u - T R A O DOl
cii cich thi chi v i tang cudng nang lyc hdi nhip cfta bp miy quin ly nha nudc; tiiyen trayen, nang cao nhan thftc v i hpi nhip, dac bift la hing rio ky thuat cho cac chft the tham gia ttong qui trinh hpi nhap qudc ti.
Tdi ligu tham khdo
[1]. Hdng Quan, TPP: Ndng luc cgnh tranh "vu0" Mexico vd Peru, ca hpi cho doanh nghiep Viet, http://bizlive.vn/doanh-nghiep/tpp-nang-luc-canh-franh-vuot-mexico-va-pera-co-hoi-cho- doanh-nghiep-viet-1390936.hhnl
[2]. FTA HOR FoUowup: Tdc dpng ciig cam ket ma ciia thi truang trong WTO vd cdc FTA den hogt dpng san xudt, thucmg mgi cua VN. http://muttap.org.vn/index.php/vi/explore/an-pham- mufrap/viewcategory/52
[3]. Bii bio: Gidi phdp ndng cao ndng luc cgnh tranh cua hdng nong sdn Viet Nam hien nay: http://www.vietnamplus.vn/nang-cao-suc-canh-tranh-cbo-cac-mat-hang-nong-san-viet- nam/324142.vnp
[4]. Bio Ding Cdng San: Ngdnh Nong nghiep vol chien luac hoi nhgp kinh te quoc te http://dangcongsan.vn/cpv/Modules/News/NewsDetail.aspx7co id=10004&cnid=710212 [5]. Bii bio: Viet Nam tham gia cdc Hiep dinh FTA: Thitc trgng, ca hpi vd thdch thirc http://www.baomoi.com/Viet-Nam-tham-gia-cac-Hiep-dinh-FTA-Thuc-frang-co-hoi-va-thach- tiiuc/c/16387448.epi
[6]. Tai lifu; hpi thdo pho bien kien thirc hpi nhdp kinh te quoc te ndm 2015.
[7]. Tom luac Hiep dinh Thuang mgi Tu do Viet Nam - EU (EVFTA)
http://trangtamwto.com.vn/vn-eu-fta/ket-qua-dam-phan-hiep-dinh-thuong-mai-tu-do-giua- viet-nam-va-eu
[8]. Sfl dvmg cic sd lifu cfta Nien giam thdng ke, Cyc Thdng ke nam 2014.
Ngay nhan: 25/11/2015 Ngay duyet dang: 10/12/2015
AP CHI KINH TE - CONG NGHIEP
