THAI DO CUA TRI THUC DOI VOI MOT SO VAN DE XA HOI CUA DAT NUOC
Nguy§n Thj Phirong Hoa Vien Tdm ly hgc.
Vdi dac thu hoat ddng nghd nghiep cua minh, tri thfic nudc ta dang dam nhan nhidu vai trd xa hdi quan trpng va thuc hien nhidu chfic nang xa hdi khac nhau. Trong qua trinh dd, tri thfic khdng thd khdng quan tam tdi nhfing vln dd xa hdi. Nhung quan tam d mfic dp nao? Tri thfic ung hd hay thd a vdi djnh hudng phat tridn cua dlt nudc, cung nhu vdi mdt sd vln dd xa hdi cu thd? Hp suy nghT, danh gia nhu thd nao vd vln di toan clu hda va hdi nhap? Do la nhumg ndi dung se dupe trinh bay trong bai vidt nay dupc rut ra tfi kdt qua cua dd tai "Nghiin cdu mdt sd ddc diim tdm ly xd hdi ca bdn cua tri thdc nudc ta"
do Vien Tam ly hpc tien banh tfi nam 2009 den nam 2010.
1. Thuc trang thai do ciia tri thfic ddi vdi cac v^'n de xa hpi cua da't nudc 1.1. Sir quan tdm cua tri thdc ddi vdi cdc vdn de xdhdi
Cac va'n di xa hdi ma chung tdi neu ra ddu nlm trong mdi quan tam cua tri thfic. Song mfic dp quan tam ddi vdi mdi vln dd co khac nhau. Chung ta cd thd tam chia d c van dd xa hdi dd thanh hai nhdm: Mdt la nhdm nhfing vln di dmc quan tam nhidu (nhflmg van dd cd DTB > 4); Hai la nhom vln dd it dxxac quan tam ban (nhfing vln dd cd DTB < 4).
Nhumg van dd duac tri thfic quan tam nhidu gdm: giao due the he tre; an loan thuc phim; sfic khoe, y te; phat trien kinh td; phat tridn khoa hpc - kT thuat - cdng nghe; cdng blng xa hdi; te nan xa hdi. Trong dd, vln dd giao due the he tre cd mfic dp quan tam cao nhat (DTB = 4,42).
Nhfing vln dd dupe tri thfic it quan tam ban gdm: mdi trudng, phat tridn bdn vfing; gifi gin van hda truydn thd'ng; vln di chinh tri; quan ly xa hdi; quan ly kinh td; an ninh qudc phdng; vln dd nghe thult; tdn giao. Trong do, nghe thuat va tdn giao la hai va'n dd it dupc quan tam nhit.
Bdng 1: Mdc dd quan tdm tdi cdc vdn di xd hdi cua tri thdc Viet Nam
Cac ITnh vurc quan tdm
1. Nhirng va'n At chfnh tri 2. va'n de c6ng bang xa hOi 3. NhiJng va'n d6 phat tridn kinh i6 4. Nhung va'n Ai nghe thuat
6. vain d6 m6i trudng, phdt tridn b^n vung
7. va'n Ai te nan xa h6i 8. va'n de giao due the' he tre
9. Va'n Ai phat tridn khoa hoc ky thuat - c6ng nghe
10. Va'n d^ quan ly xa h6i 11. va'n Ai quan ly kinh te'
12. vain de giii gin van hoa truyin th6'ng va tiep bie'n van hoa
13. Va'nde t6n giao
14. va'n de an ninh qu6'c phong 15. va'n Ai y te', siic khoe 16. va'n Ai an toan thuc ph^m
Phuang ^n lua chon (%) Hoan
tokn khdng
quan
tam
2,5 1.7 1,2 2,4
1,3 1,1 0.5 1,2 2,1 2,1 1,2 6.1 3,3 0,9 1,7
Nhln chung khdng quan
tam
5,4 2,6 2,1 9,7 3.2 2,8 1.5 3,1 5,1 5,1 4,9 11,6
5,5 2,5 2.5
Quan tam 6
miic trung binh
19,7 14,6 12,9 42,8 20,2 17,6 7.9 16.0 24,6 25.7 24.8 41,3 26,2 16.7 14.7
Nhin chung
la quan
tam
40.5 43.8 45.0 31,8 45.9 45.7 35,8 39.7 36.6 38.1 36,4 24,8 37.5 37.5 35.8
Rat quan
tam
31,9 37,3 38,7 13.3 29,3 32,8 54,3 40.1 32,0 29,0 32,6 16.1 27.4 42.3 45,3
Diem trung binh
3,94 4,12 4,18 3,44 3.99 4,06 4,42 4,14
3.91 3.87 3.94 3,33 3,80 4,18 4,20
Ghi chii: DTB dugc tinh theo thang diem 5: 1 diem tucrng ifng vdi mifc do "Hodn todn.khdng quan tdm", 5 diem tuang img vdi mifc do "Rdt quan tdm;
Nguon: Sdlieu khdo sdt de tdi khoa hgc Nhd nifdc "Nhdn cdch vdn hod tri thifc Viet Nam trong tien trinh doi mdi vd hdi nhdp qudc ti' do PGS.TS. Le Thi Thanh Hifcmg chit nhiem, Vien Tdm ly hgc chii tri ndm 2008 2009.
Mfic dd quan tim cua nam va nfi tri thfic ddn mdt sd va'n di la khdng gid'ng nhau. Nhfing vln dd nam gidi quan tim hom nfi gidi thudng mang tim qud'c gia nhu chinh tri; phat tridn kinh td; phat tridn khoa hpc - kT thult - cdng nghe; quan ly xa hdi; quan ly kinh td; an ninh qud'c phdng. Nu tri thfic quan
34 TAPCHfTAM LtHOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011
tam nhidu ban den nhfing vln dd dang gay nhidu lo ngai trong xa hdi hien nay nhu vln dd giao due thd he tre; te nan xa hdi; sfic khoe, y td; an toan thfic phim.
Mfic dp quan tam gifia nam va nfi dd'i vdi d c vln dd cdng blng xa hdi, mdi trudng va phat tridn bdn vflmg, gifi gin van hda truydn thd'ng, nghe thuat, tdn giao khdng cd su khac biet dang kd.
Ngoai vln di phat tridn kinh td, sfic khoe va y td, an loan thuc phim, mfic dp quan tam dd'i vdi d c vln dd khac gifia d c nhdm tudi ddu cd khac biet cd y nghTa theo xu hudng: Tri thfic d n g ldn tudi d n g quan tam ddn d c vln di xa hdi. Tri thfic tre tudi (dudi 40 tudi) it quan tam ddn d c vln dd xa hdi hom.
LTnh vuc boat ddng nghd nghiep cua tri thfic cd tic ddng nhll djnh ddn su quan tam cua hp dd'i vdi d c vln dd khac nhau trong cudc sd'ng: Nhfing tri thfic la nghien cfiu vien quan Ilm nhidu hom ddn vln di phat tridn khoa hpc kT thuat cdng nghe. Giang vien la nhdm quan tam nhidu ban d vd giao due the he tre. Nhdm quan ly xa hdi quan tam ddn til el d c vln dd xa hdi cdn lai va ludn d la nhdm cd mfic dd quan tam nhidu hom ca. Mdt d n bd quan ly lam viec trong nganh giao due da nhan djnh:
"Gdn ddy minh thd'y mdt bd phdn gidi tri thdc cung khdng phdi la nho, hg chi quan tdm trong linh vuc cua minh thdi. Minh di tham gia mdt sd cdc chu de, vi du thdy gido cd gido chdng hqn, cdi kii'n thdc xd hdi thi hg cd, nhung mdt bd phdn ndo dd hg khdng quan tdm di'n mdt sd vd'n di xd hgi, thdm chi minh ndi cho vui la hg rdt "ngdy tha" dd'i vdi nhdng tdc ddng cua xd hdi, tdc la hg khdng ranh ldm, hg cung khdng biii vi mat td chdc nhd nudc cua minh bdy gid cd bao nhiiu phd thu tudng. Thdm chi ngay trong Bd Gido due, cd dng Thd trudng ndo hg cung khdng ranh", (D.P.D. nam, 53 tuoi, d n bd quan ly giao due, TP. Hd Chi Minh).
Nhin chung, tri thfic cd quan tam den d c vln dd xa hdi cua dlt nude, song vln cdn mdt bd phan tri thfic chua thuc su quan tam vln di nay. Sd dT cd tinh hinh nay la do nhfing tidng ndi tfi phia tri thfic it dupe coi trpng, it dupe nghe hoac nghe rdi cfing bd mac.
1.2. Thdi do cua tri thdc ddi vdi mgt sd vdn de xd hgi cu the
Trong thdi gian qua, mdt sd vln dd xa hdi dupc du luin quan tam nhu vln dd tang thue thu nhip d nhln, tang tuoi vd huu cua cdng chfic, tang hpc phi trong giao due dao tao...
Sd lieu bang 2 cho thiy: Viec phat nang d c hanh vi vi pham giao thdng duoc ung hd nhidu nhit (DTB = 2,55). Khoing 2/3 sd tri thfic duoc hdi rlt tan thanh viec nay. Cdn nhumg vln dd khac, mfic dd ung hd thlp ban. Khoang 35%
ngudi klidng ung hd tu do tin nguomg, bit kd tdn giao chinh thd'ng hay khdng.
Cfing khoang chihig iy ngudi khdng ung hd viec ap dung co chd kinh td thi
trudng trong tit d d c ITnh vuc cua cudc sd'ng. 40% khdng ung hd viec tang thud thu nhap d nhan. Hon 40% phln ddi he thd'ng y td va giao due vln hanh theo CO chd thj trudng. Gin mdt nfia sd tri thfic duoc hdi phan dd'i viec tang dd tudi vd huu cua cdng chfic vl tang hpc phi trong giao due dao tao. Dac biet hai vln dd bj phan dd'i nhidu nhll la viec tang phi kham chfia benh va xda bd hinh phal lfi hinh.
Bdng 2: Thai do cua tri thdc ddi vdi vd'n dt?' xd hdi cu thi
Cac vln de xa hoi
Ung hp viec phal nang cac hanh vi vi pham luat giao thdng
Ung h6 tir do tin ngudng tdn giao, bat k6 chinh thdng hay khdng chinh thdng Viet Nam cln ap dung ca che kinh te' thj trucmg trong tit ca cac ITnh vuc cudc sdng
Ung hp viec tang thue thu nhap ca nhan Ung hp he thdng y te van hanh hoan toan theo ca che thj trudng
Ung hp he thdng giao due dao tao van hanh hoan toan theo ca che thj trudng Ung ho viec tang dp tuoi ve huu cua cong chfic
7
Ung hp viec tang hpc phi trong giao due dao tao
Ung hp viec tang phi kham chua benh 0 Viet Nam hidn nay ndn xoa bo hinh phat tfi hinh
Khong dung
9,5
35,9
35,1
40,6 43,9
44,7
47,4
47,2
58.1 64.1
Nhin chung la dung
25,8
39,1
42,7
38,2 33,0
35,0
29.9
31,3
29,3 19,6
Rat dung
64,7
25.1
22,2
21.2 23,1
20,3
22.8
21,5
12,6 16,3
DTB
2,55
1,89
1.87
1.81 1.79
1,76
1.75
1,74
1,54 1,52
* Ghi chii: Diim trung binh dugc tinh bdng thang 3 diim (1- Khdng ddng; 2- Nhin chung Id diing; 3- Rdt dimg)
"Ndi sang kinh tithi tricdng thi todn bd cdc vdn di xdhdi cung dem vdo tinh todn Idi Id. Gido due cung tinh todn ldi Id, y te cung tinh todn ldi Id. Vi
36 TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011
vtiy, con em nhdn ddn lao ddng khdng cd diiu kiin, khd cd diiu kiin di tham gia qud trinh gido due hiin nay. Bgn tdi tinh, bdy gid mdt em hgc sinh di hgc dqi hgc bd'n ndm tdn kem cd300 triiu, md ndng thdn bdy gid phdi cd nhu thi Id 100 tdn lua. 100 tdn Ida thi ldm sao md cd dugc. 6 ddy, tdi mudn ndi khdng bao cdp thi cd nhitng linh vuc cung cdn phdi bao cd'p it nhieu trong trudng hgp nhdt dinh. Cdn dd'i vdi y tithi tdi cho rdng, hiin nay dqi bd phdn ddn cu khdng dugc chdm lo vi mat y tivi khdng du tien. Cdc binh viin thi chqy theo ca che thi trudng mdt cdch cifc doan", (N.H.D., nam, 70 tudi, TP. HCM).
Nhin chung, tri thfic ung hd viec thuc hien nhflmg quy dinh lam tang tinh on dinh xa hdi (phat vi pham giao thdng, klidng xoa bd an tfi hinh, thuc hien tu do tin nguong mdt d c h cd didu kien), nhung khdng ung hd viec ap dung CO chd thi trudng trong tit d d c ITnh vuc cua cudc sdng xa hdi, dac biet nhumg ITnh vuc thidt ydu lien quan ddn chit lupng cudc sd'ng cua ddng dao dan cu nhu ITnh vuc giao due va y td. Ndi d c h khac, tri thfic hudng tdi mdt xa hdi dn dinh va dam bao su cdng blng cho tit ca mpi ngudi.
1.3. Thdi do cua tri thirc ddi vdi viec giitgin vd phdt trien vdn hda ddn tgc Sd lieu didu tra cua chung tdi cflng cho thiy: Gifi gin va phat tridn van hda truydn thdng la mdt trong nhumg vln dd xa hdi ma tri thfic quan tam. Mac du, dd khdng phai vln dd hp luu y hang diu, song hp cdn quan tam vln di nay ngang vln dd chinh tri, ban d vln dd quin ly xa hdi, quan ly kinh td (xem bang
1). Didu dd cflng cd thd cho thay, tri thfic coi trpng viec, gin gifi van hda dan tdc nhu the nao.
Bdng 3: Ddnh gid cua tri thdc viy kii'n: chi nin md cda vd hdi nhdp vi kinh ti, cdn vdn hda thi khdng (% sd ngudi trd ldi)
Cac y kien
Dung
Khong dung Khdng ro
Tdng mau
6,6 85,4
8,0
Gidi tinh Nam
6,3 87,4
6,3
Nfi 6,9 82,5 10,1
Tuoi
<30 4,5 85,8
9,7
3 0 - 3 9 7,0 86,8
6,1
4 0 - 4 9 6,9 86,2
6,9
>=50 7,4 83,7
8,9
Trong bdi d n h Viet Nam md cfia va hdi nhap qud'c td, cd nhumg ludng y kidn trai chidu vd md cfia va hdi nhap van boa. Ludng y kidn thfi nhit xult phat tfi mong mud'n duy tri tdi da ban sic van hda dan tdc nen phan dd'i su md cfia va hdi nhap van hda Viet Nam vdi the gidi. Ludng y kien thfi hai xult phat tfi nhu d u hien dai hda, van minh hda cho tidn kjp vdi thd gidi nen nghieng vd
xu hudng md cfia, hdi nhap vdi thd gidi mdt d c h loan dien, d trong ITnh vuc kinh td va van hda. S6 lieu bang 3 cho thiy: Phln ldn tri thfic (85,4%) khdng ddng y vdi y kidn cho ring, nudc ta chi nen md cfia va hdi nhip vd kinh td, cdn ITnh vuc van hda thi khdng. Theo hp, van hoa cflng cln hdi nhip bdi trong bdi d n h ngay nay, hdi nhap qudc td ll mdt xu thd tit ydu, nhung hdi nhap van hoa ddn mfic nio la mdt vln dd cln ban luin. Ndu bidu didn qua trinb Viet Nam hdi nhap van hoa tren thang 7 mfic dd, vdi 1 la gifi gin ban sic van boa dan tdc d miic tdi da co thd va 7 la hdi nhap tdi da vdi van boa loan clu. Theo y kidn chung cua tri thfic, Viet Nam nen dfing d mfic hdi nhip trung binh la tdi uu (khoang didm 4 tren thang 7 didm nly). NghTa la Viet Nam vfia phai gifi gin ban sic van hda, vfia phai tidp ihu mdl d c h co chpn Ipc d c gia trj van hda the gidi. Cd the bidu didn blng so dd sau day:
1 Giif hdn sdc vdn hod ddn tdc d mifc tdi da cd thi
2 3 4
DTB = 4,03 DLC=1,61
5 6 7
Hdi nhdp tdi da van hod todn
cdu
So sanh gifia nam va nfi, mac du cung chung xu hudng cho ring Viet Nam nen hdi nhap van hda d mfic dp vfia phai. nhung ty le nfi tri thfic nghieng vd xu hudng gifi gin bin sic van hda dan tdc vln cao hom nam va nam cd xu hudng nghieng vd hdi nhap van hda loan clu nhidu ban nfi. (DTB cua nam = 4,15 va nfi 3,88 tren thang 7 didm, su khac biet nay cd y nghTa thdng ke vdi p <
0,05).
Gifia d c nhdm tri thfic cd tuoi ddi khac nhau cd mdt sd khac biet:
Nhdm ldn tudi, cd thim nien cdng tie cao (ihudng tfi 50 tudi trd len) mong mud'n gifi gin ban sic van hda dan tdc d n g nhidu cang tdt, hp td ra than trpng khi hdi nhap van hda. Nhdm nfi tri thfic cflng vay.
Xet theo nhdm nghd, nghien cfiu vien la nhdm ung hp hdi nhap van hoa d mfic cao nhll (DTB = 4,39), nhdm quan ly xa hdi mong mudn gifi gin van hda dan tdc nhit (DTB = 3,46). Xet theo dja ban sinh sd'ng va lam viec, tri thfic d Ha Ndi ung hd hdi nhap hom tri thfic d d c thanh pbd khac.
Nhin chung, theo danh gia cua tri thfic, hdi nhap van hda la xu the tit ydu, song phai gifi gin tinh hoa van hda truydn thd'ng, phat tridn van hda dan tdc blng lua chpn, gan loc, d i bidn d c gia tri van bda tdt dep cua thd gidi thanh cua dan tdc. Hp thdng nhit vdi quan didm cua Dang la "hda nhip chfi khdng hda tan" di "xly dung ndn van hda tien tidn, dam da ban sic dan tdc lam ndn
38 TAP CHf TAM LtHOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011
tang tinb thin xa hdi"
Tdm lai, trong nhihig nam diu cua thd ky XXI, mdt sd djnh hudng gia tri cua tri thfic cd nhfing thay ddi. Nhfing gia tri nghd nghidp gin bd chat che vdi cudc sd'ng gia dinh hanh phuc, vdi thanh dat nghd nghidp, vdi tinh dn djnh cua cdng viec, vdi viec phat buy d\xac thd manh cua minh, vdi cdng vide hfing thu ddu dupe tri thfic dd cao.
Khac vdi nhfing danh gia trudc kia cho ring, ngudi Viet Nam coi trpng nhumg gia trj cdng ddng, trong khio sat nay, trong md'i tuong quan vdi gia trj cdng ddng thi tri thfic dd cao gia trj d nhln. Dac biet tri thfic nhln manh ddn tu duy ddc lap, tu duy sang tao va tinh trung thirc.
Trong giai doan hdi nhap qudc id, phln ddng tri thfic nhin nhan hdi nhap kinh te, hdi nhap van boa nhu la mdt xu thd lit ydu dd Viet Nam cd thd sdm boa nhip vdi ndn van minh tren thd gidi. Trong tien trinh dd, viec tidp nhan nhihig gia trj van boa cua dan tdc khlc va gifi gin d c gia tri van hoa truydn thd'ng cua dan tdc minh la didu kidn lien quydt dd khang djnh vj the cua Viet Nam tren trudng qud'c id.
2. Cac ye'u td tac dong den thai do ddi vdi d c van de xa hpi ciia dat nudc 2.1. Cdc ye'u tdtdc dgng de'n thdi do ddi vdi cdc vdn de xdhdi ndi chung De tim hidu v ^ dd nay, chfing tdi tidn hanh so sanh didm trung binh cua mfic dd quan tam den d c vln dd xa hdi cua dlt nudc d d c nhdm khac nhau vd long tu hao dan tdc, su coi trpng ban sic van hda dan tdc, long ydu nudc (hay chinh xac ban la su gin bd vdi dat nudc), dinh hudng gia trj. Ket qua so sanh the hien trong bang 4.
Chung tdi nhan thiy: Nhflmg tri thfic cho ring ngudi Viet Nam rat dang tu hao vd dan tdc minh cd DTB vd mfic dd quan tam ddn d c vln dd xa hdi cao hom nhfing tri thfic d m thiy khdng tu hao Ilm. Tuong tu, nhdm ngudi cho ring, khi ra nudc ngoai mdt ngudi ndn fing xfi nhu mdt dai dien cho van hda cua dan tdc cd mfic dp quan tam nhidu ban dd'i vdi d c vln dd xa hdi so vdi nhdm ngudi cho ring, ndn fing xfi nhu mdt d nhan trong vd sd ngudi khac.
Nhumg ngudi ndi rang, tri thfic chan chinh phii lam vide d dlt nudc minh cflng cd mfic dp quan tim cao hom nhumg ngudi khac. Nhflng ngudi uu tidn gil tri cdng ddng cflng cd mfic dp quan tam cao ban nhumg ngudi uu tidn d c gia tri d nhan. Su chenh lech didm trung binh nay ddu cd y nghTa thd'ng kd vdi p <
0,001.
Bdng 4: Mdt sdyiu tddnh hudng tdi mdc dd quan tdm vi cdc vdn de xd hdi cua ddi nudc
C i c ydu td anh 1hudng
Ngudi Viet Nam co thd tu hao vd dan tdc minh
Khi ra nudc ngoai, mdl ca nhan n6n umg xfi nhu the' nao?
Tri thfic chan chinh phai lam viec d dlt nudc minh
Djnh hU(3mg gia trj
Khdng tu hao Ilm Rlt dang tu hio Nhu mdt ca nhan Nhu dai dien dan toe Diing
Khdng dung
U'u tidn gia tri ca nhan U'u tien gia trj cdng dong
Mfic dd quan tam vln
dd xa hoi DTB
3,86 4,05 3,85 4,01 4,07 3,94 3,92 4,06
DLC 0,53 0,54 0,61 0,54 0,51 0,56 0,55 0,49
P
< 0,001
< 0,001
< 0,001
< 0,001
Ghi clni: DTB dugc tinh theo thang diim 5: 1 diim tuong vdi mifc do "Hodn todn khdng quan tdm", 5 diim tuong dng vdi mifc do "Rdt quan tdm "
- Nguon: Sdlieu khdo sdt de tdi khoa hgc Nhd nifdc "Nhdn cdch vdn hod tri thifc Viet Nam trong tie'n trinh doi mdi vd hdi nhdp qud'c te"" do PGS.TS. Le Thi Thanh Huang chil nhiem, Vien Tdm ly hgc chit tri ndm 2008 2009.
Nhu vay, nhfing ngudi quan tam nhidu hom vd d c vln di xa hdi, dlt nudc thudng la nhflmg ngudi cd ldng tu hao dan tdc, long ydu nudc, tran trpng ban sic van hda dan tdc, Iran trpng nhumg gia trj cdng ddng.
Ngoai ra, chung tdi cdn tinh tuong quan gifia mfic dd quan tam tdi cac vln di xa hdi cua dlt nudc va mdt sd dac didm nhln d c h ngudi tri thfic lidn quan den cdng vide nhu tinh thin dfing d m phan bien xa hpi, nd luc lam viec, ddng CO bdn vfing, tinh thin trach nhidm, nhay ben nang ddng, phln diu vuon tdi. Tuong quan gifia mfic dd quan tim d c vln dd xa hdi vdi nhfing dac didm nhan d c h thd bidn trong cdng vide ddu la tuong quan thuln, cd nghTa (vdi p < 0,01), song khdng chat (xem bang 5). Cac dac didm nhkn d c h duoc sip xdp trong bang theo mfic dd tuong quan long din.
Quan sat bang 5, chung ta cd thd ndi: Nhihig ngudi cd tinh thin dfing d m phan bidn xa hdi, phe phan lanh manh la nhflng ngudi quan tam ddn xa hdi hom. Ddng thdi, nhung ngudi nd luc, bdn bi, cd tinh thin irach nhidm trong
40 TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011
cdng vide cflng kha quan tam ddn d c vln dd xa hdi cua dlt nude. Kd ddn la nhimg ngudi nhay ben, nang ddng, ludn phln diu vuon tdi.
Bdng 5: Tuang quan gida mac dd quan tdm tdi cdc vdn di xd hdi ciia ddt nudc vd mot sd'ddc diim nhdn cdch ngudi tri thdc
Dac diem tinh each
Dung cam, phan bidn xa hdi, phe phan lanh manh
Nd luc lam viec
Tinh ben viimg cua ddng co lam vide Tinh thin trach nhiem
Nhay ben, nang dpng
Muc dich vuon tdi (hoac ne tranh thit bai)
Mfic do quan tam ddi vfii cic vln de xa hoi
0,377"
0,373"
0,353"
0,338"
0,238"
0,209"
* Ghi chd:" p< 0.01
Nhin chung, nhimg tri thfic lam vide bet minh thi khdng thd bang quan trudc d c vln dd cua xa hdi, cua dlt nude. Ngoai ra, nhumg tri thfic cd ldng tu hao, tu tdn dan tdc, ydu nudc, tran trpng d c gia tri cdng ddng cflng la nhflmg ngudi quan tam den su hung thinh cua qud'c gia.
2.2. Cdc ye'u tdtdc dgng de'n thdi do ddi vdi cdc vdn de gin giu vd phdt trien vdn hda truyen thdng
Ket qua phan tich sd lidu didu tra cho thiy: Ldng tu hao dan tdc, su Iran trpng ban sic van hda dan tdc, tran trpng d c gia tri cdng ddng va mdt sd net tinh d c h cua tri thfic cd anh hudng dd'n mfic dp gin gifi gin ban sic van hda trong bdi d n h hdi nhap qud'c te (xem bang 6).
Nd'u bidu didn qua trinh Vidt Nam hdi nhap van boa trdn thang 7 mfic dp, vdi 1 la gifi gin ban sic van hoa dan tdc d mfic tdi da cd thd va 7 la hdi nhap tdi da vdi van boa toan clu, theo nhflmg tri thfic rlt tu hao vd dan tdc minh thi Viet Nam ndn dfing d mfic tdi uu la 3,81. Trong khi do, mfic tdi uu cua nhflmg tri thfic ma long tu hao vd dan tdc minh thlp la 4,44. Didu dd cd nghTa la nhflmg ngudi cd long tu hao din tdc thidn vd hudng gifl gin ban sic dan tdc nhidu ban la hdi nhap van hda. Ngupc lai nhflmg ngudi ma long tu hao din tdc thlp thidn vd hudng hdi nhip van hda hom. Nhflmg ngudi coi trpng hinh anh Viet Nam trong con mat ngudi nude ngoai cung thien vd hudmg gifl gin ban sic dan tdc
ban nhflng ngudi it coi trpng. Nhfing ngudi uu tidn gia tri cdng ddng cflng mud'n gifi gin ban sic dan tdc nhidu ban nhflng ngudi uu tidn gia trj d nhln.
Bdng 6: Cdc yiu tddnh hudng vdn di gid gin bdn sdc vdn hda trong bdi cdnh hdi nhdp qudc ti
Cle ydu td anh hudng
Ngudi Viet Nam co thd tu hao vd dan tdc minh
Khi ra nu6c ngoai, mdt ngudi nen img xfi nhu thd nao?
Djnh hudmg gia trj
Kidu ngudi
Khi cln thuc hien mdt cdng viec nao do, cam tha'y tdt hon khi
Khdng tu hao Ilm Rlt dang tu hao Nhu mdt ca nhan Nhu dai dien dan tdc U'u tien gia trj ca nhan Uu lien gia trj cdng dong Den dau hay den do Chu ddng thich iimg Dudi quyen ngudi khac Chiu trach nhiem chinh
Mfic dd gifi gin van hoa dan tpc
DTB 4,44 3,81 4,34 4,02 4,25 3,62 4.37 3,97 4,68 4.05
DLC 1,62 1,67 1,72 1.53
1,64 1,64 1,64 1,64 0,98 1,64
P
< 0,001
<0,01
< 0,001
<0,05
<0,0i
* Ghi chu: Diem thdp nhdt = 1, Diim cao nhdt =7(1- Gid gin bdn sdc vdn hod ddn tdc a mdc tdi da cd thi, 7 Hdi nhdp tdi da vdi vdn hod todn cdu)
Ngoai ra, mdt sd net tinh dch cflng Inh hudng dd'n viec gifi gin va phal huy van hda dan tdc. Kidu ngudi chu ddng thich umg vdi su thay ddi lai mong mud'n gin gifi van hda dan tdc nhidu ban kidu ngudi "ddn dau hay ddn do"
Dudng nhu kidu ngudi chu ddng thich img cd thai dd than trpng ban dd'i vdi vln dd hdi nhap van hda qud'c id. Nhfing ngudi quye't doan, cd tinh dpc lap cao (nhflmg ngudi khi thuc bidn mdt cdng vide nao dd d m thiy tdt hon khi chiu trach nhidm chinh) cflng than trpng hem dd'i vdi vln dd hdi nhap van hda so vdi nhflmg ngudi bj ddng trong cdng vide, thich lam vide dudi quydn ngudi khac.
Tu duy toan d u dudng nhu khdng anh hudng tdi thai dd gifi gin vaphat tridn van hda truydn thd'ng. Mfic dd gifi gin van hda din tdc d nhfing tri thfic quan tim dd'n d c va'n di cua thd gidi, thich hpc hdi, trao ddi vdi ddng nghiep qud'c te khdng cd nhflmg khac bidt dang kd so vdi nhflmg ngudi it quan tam ddn
42 TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 12 (153), 12 - 2011
nhflmg vln dd nay. Hp quan tam den nhflmg vln dd loan clu, song vln mud'n duy tri ban sic van bda ridng cua dan tdc Viet Nam.
Ddi vdi d c vln di xa hdi cua dlt nudc, dac bidt la vln dd loan clu hoa, van dd giu gin va phat tridn van hda truydn thd'ng, tri thfic cd quan tam. Tuy nhidn, vln cdn mdt bd phan tri thfic it am hidu cflng nhu chua thuc su quan tam den tinh hinh cua dlt nudc. Tri thfic ung hd vide Viet Nam tham gia loan clu hoa va hdi nhap, song hp dd cao vide gifi gin ban sic van hda dan tdc. Thii dd dd'i vdi vln di xa hdi ndi chung, vln dd gifi gin ban sic van hda dan tdc ndi ridng cd md'i tuong quan thuan vdi nhau. Chung ddu chju su tie ddng cua d c yeu td long tu hao dan tdc, long ydu nudc, thai dd Iran trpng ban sic van hda dan tdc va d c gia trj cdng ddng. Day la mdt loat vln dd ma Nha nudc d n dac biet luu y dd nhflmg ydu td nay khdng chi dupe duy tri, ma cln cung cd va phat huy d mdt trinh dd cao hom, sau hom, rdng khlp ban.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Ban Tuyen giao Trung uong, Tdi lieu boi dudng ly luiin chinh tri ddnh cho ddng vien mdi, NXB Chinh trj Qudc gia, 2010.
2. Nguydn Trin Bat, Cdi cdch vd sif phdt trien, trich din tfi: http://chungta.com.
3. Vu Dung (chu bien), Tddien Tdm ly hgc, NXB Tfi didn Bach khoa, tr. 790, 2008.
4. Nguydn Thi Hoa (chu nhiem), Mdt sd vd'n de ca bdn ve tdm ly ciia tri thdc Viet Nam hien nay, Bao cao long ket dd tai d p Bp Vien Tam ly hpc - Vien KHXH Viet Nam, 2005.
5. Sd lieu khao sat dd tai khoa hpc Nha nudc: Nhdn cdch vdn hod tri thdc Viet Nam trong tie'n trinh ddi mdi vd hdi nhdp qud'c te do PGS.TS. Le Thi Thanh Huong chu nhiem, Vien Tam ly hpc chu tri nam 2008 - 2009.
