Tham gia cua Thai Lan vao h6p tac Tieu vung l\/lekong md rong
NGUYEN QUE THl/CfiVG*
Tom tdt: Ndm 1992, Thdi Lan vd ndm qudc gia thuoc khu vUc song Mekong da tham gia vdo chuang trinh hgp tdc tieu vung Mekong md rpng (GMS). Thdi Lan nhdn thdc sdu sac rang phdi phoi hgp hgp tdc vd tdng cidmg lien kit vdi cdc niidc trong khu vUc thi mdi cd the khai thdc vd sd dung cd Igi, cd hi&u qud nhdt cdc tiim ndng to Idn cua tiiu vung, bdo v$ mdi trudng vd phdt trien ben vUng. Muc tieu cua Thdi Lan Id tdng ciidng hgp tdc vd lam sdu sde them sU hpi nhdp kinh ti tiiu vdng, thuc ddy hgp tdc, phdt triin ben vUng tiiu vdng cung nhU tdng hitdc cdi thien ca sd kinh ti - xa hdi d cdc dia phuang dpc hdnh lang GMS, gdp phdn cung cd quan h^ hgp tdc hdu nghi vd Idng gieng thdn tki&n vdi cdc nUdc trong khu vUc. Bdc biH, Thdi Lan rdt tich cUc trong vi^c
tham gia vdo thiit lap hdnh lang kinh ti vd kit ndi giao thong van tdi.
Td khoa: Thdi Lan, Hpp tdc Tiiu vdng Mekong md rdng.
Md d a u
Nam 2002, eac nha lanh dao eae nUde Tieu vung Mekong md rdng da tie'n h a n h Hpi nghi thugng dinh lan d i u tign d Phn6m Pgnh (Campuchia) vdi Tuyen b l ehung "Hien thue hda Chien lUge hgp tac ehung vi muc dich cong bIng, phon vinh va thinh vugng tiong GMS". ChUdng trinh htfp tac GMS thdi ky nay cd mot so dU an va ehUdng trinh hgp tae ehu yeu la trong linh vUe giao thong van tai vdi tong v l n diu tu khoang 1 ty USD do ADB t i i trg.
Ngoai ra, trong thdi gian nay, GMS n h i n
manh t i m quan trpng eua viec thiet lap h a n h lang kinh te va hgp tdc giao thdng van tai. Ba dU an quan trgng lign quan din Thai Lan thUc hign nhU Du an xay difng h a n h lang Dong Tay, dU an xay duhg hanh lang duyen hai mien Nam (kit ndi d c tinh ven bien cua Thai Lan - Campuchia vdi Viet Nam), du an h a n h lang kinh tg' Bac Nam (Con Minh - Chiing Rai - Bangkok).
NhOfng du an nay khdng ehi nham tao ra ctf sd ha t a n g thuan Igi cho viec d i y manh thUtfng mai, d i u t u ma ebn gdp p h l n vao vigc phat trien van hda, du lich gifla cac nude GMS.
•^ Ths. Nguyen Que ThUcfng, Vi?n nghien cflu D6ng Nam A
Nguyin Que Thuang - Tham gia ciia Thdi Lan vdo hgp tdc... 57 1. Thai Lan tham gia thi§'t 10ip cac
hanh lang kinh te
LL Hdnh lang kinh teDdng Tdy (EWEC) Hdng lang kinh t l D6ng Tay la m6t trong nhiing try cot cua khudn k h i hdp tac phat t r i i n khu vife sdng Mekong md rdng.
Hanh lang nay dUa trdn mdt tuyen giao thong dudng bp dai 1.450 km, eb cUc Tay la t h a n h phd' eang Mawlamyine (Myanma), di qua bang Kayin (Myanma), eae tinh: tinh Tak, tinh Sukhothai, tinh Kalasin, t i n h Phitsanulok, tinh Khon Kaen, t i n h Yasothon, t i n h Mukdahan (Thai Lan), Savannakhet (Lao), Quang Tri, ThUa Thign-Hul va cue Ddng la t h a n h p h i Da N l n g (Vigt Nam). Hanh lang se giup vung Dong Bac cua Thai Lan va Lao tig'p e^n vdi An Dp DUdng va Thai Binh DUdng.
Hanh lang nay edn k i t noi vdi eae tuyen giao thdng Bac-Nam nhu Yangon - Dawei cua Myanma, Chiang Mai - Bangkok cua Thai Lan, quo'c 16 13 eua Lao, va quIc 16 lA eua Viet Nam. Mue tieu ma EWEC hfldng tdi khi duge xay dflng la phat trien hgp tac kinh te khu vUe qua dd md r a eae ed hgi dau t u va thdi cd lam an mdi. Theo dd thue day dau tU, thUdng mai va du lich qua bign gidi gifla cdc nUde trong khu vUe. EWEC eung mang lai nhOftig ctf hpi tang trUdng hgp tdc khu vUc, nang eao mfle s i n g eua ngUdi dan. Dac biet, ede nha kien tao hanh lang kinh te Ddng Tay ky vgng qua EWEC tao tien de vung ehae d l doanh nghigp ed the tiep e^n t i t htfn d c nguIn nguygn lieu, da dang hda hoat d6ng kinh te va xuit khau, thu hut von dau tU nUde ngoai va tU n h a n cung nhU thUc thi eac ehinh saeh k i n h te mdi...
Viec hoan t h a n h xay dung ctf sd ha tang quan trgng dpc theo h a n h lang kinh t l Ddng Tay da thuc d i y Thai Lan md rdng cdc tuyg'n giao thdng k i t noi gifla ede t h a n h phd' trung tam tiong GMS. Theo dd.
Thai Lan, Viet Nam va Lao da cung ky Ban ghi nhd ve viec md rdng eac tuyen dudng tiong h a n h lang kinh tg' Dong Tay bao gom ba thu do Idn la H a Ndi, Bangkok va Vieng Chan va hai eang b i l n sau Laem Chabang va Hai Phbng. Vdi vige ky kg't Ban ghi nhd nay, ba quoe gia trong do ed Thai Lan cd the tan dung duge ctf sd ha tang eua tuyen h a n h lang Dong Tay mdt cdch tdi da va hieu qua^^l
Trong tuyen h a n h lang kinh t l Ddng Tay, Thai Lan va Lao ebn tich eUc t h a m gia xay dUng cay elu hilU nghi s i 2 bac qua sdng hai nude. TU nam 2003, hai nUdc da vay t i i n tit ngan hang hpp tae quIe tg' Nhat Ban (JBIC) tie'n hdnh xay dung vdi tong sd tien 4,7 ty Ygn va phia Thai Lan dong gdp 2,3 ty Ygn. Ciu hiSU nghi so' 2 dugc t r i i n khai xay dung tfl 3/9/2003 den cudi ndm 2005 da dugc dUa vao sfl dung.
Cung trong thdi gian ndy, d c eon dUdng so 9 cua Lao va eua Vigt Nam cung dugc Nhat Ban va ADB ho trg tien d l cai tao va nang d p . Nhd do tdi nam 2005, tuyg'n dUdng tU Muedahan (Thai Lan) tdi cUc phia D6ng (Da Ndng - Viet Nam) trong hanh lang kinh te' Dong Tay v l ctf ban da duge boat d6ng thong suit.
Canh phia Tay trong hanh lang kinh te Dong Tay nd'i tfl Mea Sot (tinh Tak - Thai Lan) d i n t h a n h pho eang Mawlamyine (Myanmar) dugc ehinh phu Thdi Lan dau tu nang d p dudng giao thdng trong dia
58 Nghiin cdu Dong Nam A, sd 1/2019 phdn Thai Lan tU nam 2003, p h l n ebn lai
la vay eua n g a n h a n g ADB. Ngay 20/12/2006, tuyg'n Hanh lang kinh te Ddng Tay da chinh thflc thong tuyen'^'.
Dd'i vdi Thai Lan, khi hanh lang kinh t l D6ng Tay ehinh thflc boat dgng se tao dieu kien cho nganh ndng - ngU nghigp cua nUdc nay phat trien nhanh, thuc d i y vigc xuit khau cac san pham e h i b i l n s i n , tao ra m6t nguIn thu ngoai te ddng k l eho Thai Lan. Ngodi ra, eae san pham khae ma Thai Lan cd t h i xuat khIu thdng qua hanh lang kinh tg' nay la: phan bdn, thUc p h i m che big'n s i n va hang tieu dung. Vdi viee hoan thanh eay elu quIe t l thfl hai n i i Thai Lan va Lao ( d u Hflu nghi 2) bac qua sdng Mekong, giao thong dUdng bd eua hanh lang EWEC da thong suit va EWEC trd thanh hanh lang di vdo boat dpng dau tien trong tiiu vung.
Vdi hanh lang kinh tg' Ddng Tay (EWEC) Thai Lan con cd t h i hpp tac van tai qua canh, h5 trg d e viing dia phUdng sau trong ndi dia mcf dUdng ra bien, lam dau moi eung d p hang hda va nguyen nhign vat heu. Ha tang giao thong EWEC hien nay dd k i t ndi 4 di san van hda the gidi gom Hue d mien Tnmg Viet Nam va Sukhothai tai mien Bae Thai Lan, cung vdi My Sdn va Hpi An bien y tu&ng "3 nude mpt dilm den" thanh hien thUe. NgUdi ddn cf khu vife nay da cd t h i an sang tren d l t Thai, an trua d Lao, t i m bien va an toi d mien Trung Viet Nam.
1.2. Hdnh lang kinh tiphia Nam (SEC) Hanh lang kinh te' phia Nam noi lien ba quoe gia Thai Lan, Campuchia va Viet Nam, bao gdm sau tinh d vung dong Thai
Lan (Bang Cdc, Chonburi, Rayong, Chantaburi, Trat va Sakaew); bon vung d Campuchia: vung Phndm Pgnh (Pbndm p g n h ) , Vung Tonle Sap (Bantey Meanehey, Siem Reap), viii Nui (Stung Treng, Rattanakiri) va vung Duygn hdi (Koh Kong va Kampot); bon vung cf Viet Nam: vung Dong Nam (Thanh phd' Ho Chi Minh va tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau), Tay Nguygn (tinh Gia Lai), duygn hai Nam Trung Bg (tinh Binh Dinh) va dong bang s6ng Cflu Long (tinh Kien Giang va tinh c a Mau); va sau tinh d mien Nam nUdc Cpng h b a D a n chu N h a n ddn Lao (Khammouane, Savannakhet, Saravane, Champasack, Sekong va Attapeu). Hanh lang kinh tg' phia Nam dugc danh gia la c6 tiem nang Idn de phat t r i i n vi nd e6 d c yg'u t l quan trpng can thie't eho vige h6i n h a p cae boat dpng kinh t l dpc hanh lang. SEC da dang v l ed d u kinh te, tai nguyen thien nhign va thi trUdng lao dpng. Vdi tiem nang ve vat chat, neu co t h e m nhiing ehinh sach va t h i e h i phii hgp, SEC r i t CO the se trd t h a n h d6ng lUc ehinh d l phat t r i i n kinh te trong GMS.
Rieng doi vdi Thai Lan, phat t r i i n tai khu vUc nay se dem lai nhieu thudn Igi eho dat nude ndy nhU khai thac ngudn dau th5 tai vinh Thai Lan, xay dUng cac tuyg'n giao thong ndi lien v6i vung edng nghigp c(
eang bien phia Ddng Thai Lan, dong thdi d i y m a n h su phat trien cac nganh nong - ngu nghiep Thai Lan.
De t h a m gia phat trien hanh lang kinh tg' phia Nam, thang 6/2012, Thai Lan bat d i u thuc hien thi diem "Cam k i t ve quyin ehuyen giao gifla Thai Lan va Campuchia tai cfla khau Aranyaprathet-Poipet". Day la
Nguyin Que Thuang - Tham gia cua Thdi Lan vdo hgp tdc. 59 mgt cfla khau rat quan trpng gifla hai nfldc
Thai Lan va Campuchia, do m§i nam lUgng hang hda trao d i i qua cfla khau nay len tdi g i n 2 ty USD tuong dUtfng khoang 62%
t i n g gia tri hang hda trao doi qua bign gidi gifla hai nfldc^^l Cam ket ndy cho phep xe tai va xe khach hai nUdc cd the d l dang boat d6ng dgc theo tuyen dudng Bangkok - Aranyaprathet - Poipet - SiemReap va d e tuyen Bangkok - Aranyaprathet - Poipet - PhnomPenh, qua do noi hai trung tam eua hanh lang kinh tg' phia Nam (SEC). Cu t h i , Campuchia ed 30 gily phep cho xe khach va 10 giay phep eho xe tai; va nguge lai Thai Lan eb 30 gily phep cho xe tai va 10 gily phep xe khaeh''*\
Nham thuc d i y xay dutig Hanh lang kinh te phia nam, trong phien hgp Ndi cac ngay 21/8/2014, ehinh phu Thai Lan da thong qua ehUdng trinh Hdnh lang kinh te phia Nam. TrUdc h i t , chinh phu Thai Lan se xay dUng tinh Rayong t h a n h tinh k i t noi eae nUde d phia tay Thai Lan gIm Myanmar, A n Dp, Sri Lanea va Bangladesh. Sau do, n h l m kieh thich kinh te mien Nam tdng trUdng, ehinh phu se xay dUng tinh Suratthani va Nakhon Si thamarat t h a n h eae tinh san xua't va c b l bien ndng san quan trgng, euli eung la thUe hign thuc d i y kinh t l xa hpi toan miln Nam phat t r i i n , nang cao thu nhap cua ngudi dan dia phUdng.
TrUde dd, Chinh phu Thai Lan da khdi d^ng vigc xay dUng Hanh lang kinh te phia Dong xuygn eac tinh Chaehoengsao, Chonburi va Rayong, dU k i l n xay dUng Hanh lang kinh te' phia dong thanh dau moi giao thong dUdng bp, dUdng b i l n va
dudng bang khong, dong thdi t h a n h lap dae khu trgn dpc h a n h lang thu hut d i u tU bang mdt loat chinh saeh Uu ddi, phat t r i i n cac nganh cong nghg cao va gia tri gia tang cao, xay dUng Hanh lang kinh tg' phia dong t h a n h trung tam phan phdi hang hda, kinh te-thUdng mai va dau tU trgn ban dao Dong Nam A, gdp phan eho Chien luge 4.0 cua Thai Lan thong qua r a sflc phat tiiln mot loat cd sd ha t i n g giao thong nhu dUdng sat cao t i c , dUbng sat ddi, cang b i l n va eang hang khong.
Du an Hanh lang kinh te phia Nam md Thai Lan d l xuat gan day n h i t ed hieu qua nhu Hanh lang kinh te phia D6ng.
TrUde h i t , vigc xay dUng dae khu kinh te diu lay etf sd ha t i n g giao thong lam bUde di d i u tign. Chinh phu Thai Lan se Uu tign xay diftig cac be'n cang tai tinh Rayong, dong thdi n h a n h chdng hoan thien ed sd ha tang giao thong d mien Nam, ket noi Hanh lang kinh t l phia nam va phia dong bang dUdng s i t .
1.3. Hdnh lang kinh ti Bdc - Nam (NSEC)
Du an thfl 3 ed su tham gia eua Thai Lan la du dn h a n h lang kinh tg' Blc Nam.
Ngay 19-20/5/2011, eae quan chflc trung Utfng va dia phUdng trgn tuyg'n h a n h lang nay eua 5 quo'c gia Tieu vung Mekong md rpng gap nhau tai C6n Minh d l thao luan v l nhflng npi dung Uu tien va phat t r i i n tuyen h a n h lang nay.
Hpi nghi NSEC dem d i n nhflng cd hpi dau t u rpng md tiong eae linh vUe ndng nghigp, du lich, nang lUdng, dich vu van tai va cdng nghiep che tao. Tfl do, bo sung cho cac du an ca sd ha tang dang dugc hoan
60 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A, sd 1/2019 thien va thuc day viec di chuyin cua d e
phucfng tien van tai, hang hba va ngUbi dgc tuyIn hanh lang.
Hanh lang kinh t l Bac - Nam bao gIm eae tuyen hanh lang Con Minh - Chiing Rai - Bangkok (canh phia Tay), Con Minh - Ha Npi - Hai Phbng (canh trung tam).
Nam Ninh - Ha Npi (eanh phia Ddng). Day la tuyg'n dUbng thUdng mai trUc t i i p gifla mien Nam Trung Quoc vdi mien Bae Viet Nam va Bangkok. Hanh lang cd vi tri thuan Igi ddng vai trb la mpt efla ngd eho quan he thUdng mai gifla ASEAN vdi Trung Quoe.
Cdc k i t n i i eua hanh lang kinh t l Bae Nam con md rdng ra phia bae, vflgt r a ngoai ranh gidi eua tinh Van Nam va Quang Tay tdi d e dia phfltfng con lai eua Trung Qudc va md rpng ra phia neun, vflgt ra ngoai Thdi Lan tdi Malaysia, Singapore va cae quIc gia khac trong ASEAN.
De gdp p h l n vao sfl t h i l t lap eua Hanh lang kinh t l Bae - Nam, Thai Lan da ed mpt so ehfldng trinh, k l hoach nhU sau:
Doan dfldng Mesai - Chieng Tung (Thai Lan) - Cdn Minh (Trung Qude), Thai Lan da gdp diu tfl 38 trieu bat (tUcfng dUdng gan 1,2 trieu USD) d l xay dflng elu hflu nghi blc qua song gifla hai nude Thai Lan va Trung Qud'c, d&ng thdi nang d p doan
dudng Mesai - Chieng Tung dg'n Con Minh (Trung Quoe). Ciu hiifu nghi nay va doan dudng Mesai - Chieng Tung dUpc dUa vao hoat dpng nam 2004
Doan dudng Chieng Khong (Thai Lan) - Luang Namtha (Lao) - Xieng Hung (Trung Qudc) - Con Minh (Trung Qudc) do Thdi Lan, Trung Quoc va ADB cung ehung tien
xay dUng va nang d p . Doan dUdng duge hoan t h a n h nam 2005
Doan dudng tfl tinh Nan va Udomchay (Thai Lan) duge Thai Lan xay dflng va nang d p dua vdo kinh phi do ADB tai trtf 840 trigu bat (tUtfng dUtfng 26 trieu USD), trong do 30% so t i i n nay ADB tai trtf khong hoan lai, 70% la eho vay lai suit thap. Doan dUdng nay dUtfc hoan thign vao n a m 2007 de noi tie'p vdi Trung Qud'c va sau ndy se ndi tie'p ssmg Lao*^l 2. T h a i L a n t h a m g i a hotp t a c p h a t t r i e n g i a o t h d n g t r ^ n c a c t u y e n h a n h l a n g k i n h t e
Sau khi t h i l t lap 3 tuyg'n Hanh lang kinh te quan trgng trong Tiiu vung Mekong nbi tren, eae nUde c6 lign quan, dae biet la Thai Lan da sot s i n g di d i n thoa thudn vdi nhau nhiiu van de de thdc day hoat dgng cua cae h a n h lang kinh t l nay, trUdc h i t la md rdng ve giao thong van tai trgn cae h a n h lang kinh te. Thang 11/2007, Thai Lan thong qua k l hoach md them dudng sat ndi vdi Campuchia va Viet Nam de kg't noi tuyen dUdng s i t noi hen ASEAN vdi C6n Minh (Trung Quoc) dai 5.500 km^®. Ngoai ra, Thdi Lan ebn co nhOfng cai tig'n va nang e l p cae hanh lang ven bien phia N a m nd'i Thai Lan, Campuchia va Viet Nam. Viee md rpng cho thay su quan tam cua Chinh phu Thai Lan trong viec tao r a mdi lien kg't Idn htfn vdi cde nUdc lang giing. Thai Lan se trd t h a n h mpt trung t a m giao thdng van t i i cua khu vUc, ddng gdp cho su phat trien giao thong tich hgp, tan dung dUdc tdi da eong s u i t cua d c hanh lang kinh te.
Nguyen Que Thuong - Tham gia ciia Thdi Lan vdo hgp tdc. 61 N a m 2009, 3 nude Viet Nam, Lao va
Thai Lan da ky B i n ghi nhd v l thUc Men bude d i u Hiep dinh tao thului Igi cho van tai ngudi va hang hda qua lai bien gidi gifla cac nfldc tiiu vung song Me Kong md rpng (GMS-CBTA) tai cap cfla k h I u Lao Bio (Vigt Nam) - Dansavanh (Lao) va tai cap cfla khau Savannakhet (Lao) - Mukdahan (Thai Lan). Cae ben cdng da ky thoa thudn du lich gifla Lao, Thai Lan va Viet Nam v l hoat dgng van tai du lich dUdng bd. Ban ghi nhd quy dinh tfl ngay 11/6/2009, xe Thai Lan ed t h i van ehuyen hang hda vao Vigt Nam va xe ciia Viet Nam c6 t h i van chuyen hang hda vao Thai Lan trgn tuyen hanh lang D6ng-Tay qua hai cap cfla khau Lao Bao-Dansavanh va Savannakhet- Mukdahan. Tuy nhien, thdi gian vtfa qua, boat dpng van tai trgn tuyg'n h a n h lang nay chfla thflc sU higu qua, chua thu hut dUdc nhieu n h a kinh doanh van tai hai nUdc quan tam sfl dung do phUtfng tien van tai cua Thai Lan mdi ehi duge phep van chuyen hang hda de'n Dong Ha, H u l , Da Nang; phUtfng tien van tai eua Vigt Nam ehi dugc phep van ehuyin den Mukdahan, Khon Ken (Thai Lan).
Dii vdi vigc md rdng pham vi boat ddng cua phUtfng tign trgn h a n h lang D6ng - Tay, ngay 9/6/2011, Ngan hang phat trien ehau A (ADB) da to chflc cude hgp ba bgn Vigt Nam - Thai Lan - Lao tai Bangkok, Thai Lan xem xet k h a nang md rpng pham vi boat ddng eho phfltfng tien tfl tuyg'n EWEC tdi Vigng Chdn (Lao), Ha Npi, Hai Phbng (Vigt Nam), Bangkok va cang Laem Chabang (Thai Lan) va da dflge d c bgn n h a t tri. Hign nay, Viet Nam va Thai Lan da hoan t h a n h eae thu tuc npi bg
san sang ky ket Ban sfla doi Ban ghi nhd, tuy nhien phia Lao thong bao chfla hoan t h a n h thu tue ndi bp. Tai eupe hgp N6i eac ehung Viet Nam - Thai Lan l l n thfl hai, to chflc tai Viet Nam ngay 27/10/2012, Viet Nam - Thai Lan da n h i t tri p h i i hgp vdi Lao tig'p tue thuc day vige ky k i t Ban Sfla ddi Ban ghi nhd ve thUe hien bUde d i u Higp dinh GMS-CBTA tai cap cfla k h I u Lao Bao (Viet Nam) - Dansavanh (Lao) va tai cap eiia khau Savannakhet (Lao) Mukdahan (Thai Lan)^'''.
Ngay 14-15/12/2016 tai Chiang Mai, Thai Lan da cdiu tri eugc hgp Uy ban Hon hgp thue hien Hiep dinh Tao thuan Igi van ehuyin ngUdi va hang hda qua lai bign gidi 6 nude Tiiu vung Mekong md rdng (GMS- CBTA) l l n thfl 5 n h l m xay dUng ke hoach to ehUc thUc hien Hiep dinh. Hiep dinh GMS-CBTA r a t quan trgng trong thue d i y htfp tac eae nude Tieu vung Mekong md rpng (Vipt Nam, Campuchia, Trung Quoe, Lao, Thai Lan va Myanmar) ea ve van tai va thUtfng mai. Vdi vige tham gia hiep dinh, ha tang kg't noi giao thong van tai da duge eai thien, ed ban dap Ofng duge nhu eau phat t r i i n kinh tg' - xa hdi cua cac nUdc trong khu vifc.
Tiep d i n , ngay 15/3/2018, Thdi Lan da tham gia Hdi nghi Uy ban H6n hgp l l n thU 6 thflc hien Higp dinh GMS-CBTA d p Bg trudng to chflc tai Ha Noi (Viet Nam).
Vdi quyet tam Idn tfl eac nfldc thanh vign, hgi nghi lan nay dd ky k i t Ban ghi nhd
"Thu hoach sdm" va an dinh thdi gian bat d i u t r i i n khai thUe hign k i t ndi vEln tai xuygn bien gidi tiong tieu vung tfl t h a n g 6/2018.
62 Nghiin cdu Dong Nam A, sd 1/2019 Ket l u $ n
Tdm lai, viec thiet lap hanh lang kinh te va ket noi giao thdng van tai dflge eoi la flU tign hdng diu trong hgp tac Tieu vung Mekong. Phat t r i i n ha t i n g giao thSng, ket noi van tai se gdp phan tao ra etf sd ha tang thuan Idi eho viee day manh thUtfng mai, diu tu, phat trien van boa, du lich gifla eae nflde trong khu vUc, dong thdi thue day Tiai vung Mekong thanh khu vUc thinh vUgng, hpi nhap va phat t r i i n b i n vOftig.
Chinh vi vay ngay tU khi bat dau tham gia hgp tae Tieu vung Mekong, Thai Lan da r i t tich cUc trong viec thiet lap cac hanh lang kmh t l , k i t n i i giao thdng va da dat duge nhflng thanh tuU dang ke nhat la trong linh vflc nhu thUdng mai va du lich.
Nhd hdp tac kinh t l tiiu vung, dac biet la viec t h i l t lap eae h a n h Ismg kinh tg' ma eac vung que ngheo phia Bae va Dong Bae Thai Lan da eo dieu kien hba nhap vdi kinh tg' khu vUe. Trao doi thucfng mai vung bign nam 2000 khi Thai Lan chUa tham gia GMS ehi dat khoang htfn 70 ty bat thi trong nhflng nam g i n day mdi nam tang tfl 10 - 15%, tieu bieu nam 2017 trao doi thUtfng mai vung bign dat 16 nghin ty bat, tang 14% so vdi nam 2016'^'. Ngoai ra, k l tu khi tham gia hgp tae trong GMS, Thai Lan eang phdt huy dugc nhflng the manh du lich eua minh, dong thdi h i trg, giup dd cae nude khae trong tiiu viing eung phdt trien. Nam 2003, Thai Lan mdi ddn dugc 10.004.453 lugt khach du lich quoe t l thi n a m 2015, 2016 l l n lUtft la 29.881.091 va 32.600.124 lugt khach. Dae bigt nam 2017, lugng du khach den Tbdi Lan la htfn 35 tiigu lugt khach da tang so vdi nam 2016
khoang 9%, doanh thu tfl nganh du lich tang 8%, eao htfn h a n mfle tang trung binh 3-5%/nam trong nhflng n a m trUdc. Trong dd, 30% khach du lich d i n Thai Lan la thupc eae nude tiong khu vUc ASEAN'^'.
C H U THICH
1. Theo ban tin tai website Vien nghign cflu D6ng Nam A, Vign Han Ifim khoa hpc xa hpi ngay 8/12/2016 http://iseas.vass.gov.vn/
noidung/tintuc/Lists/KinhTeXaHoi/View_D etail.aspx?ltemlD=92
2. Theo ban tin tai website B6 Ngoai giao Thai Lan ngay 11/3/2007 http://www.dfl.mo c.go.th/the_files/$$59/level4/gnis.htm 3. Bui Can (2010), Thdi-lan vd Cam-pu-chia
md them cda khdu bi&n gidi, bao Nhan dan ngay 23/12/2010.
4. Theo ban tin tai website Vien nghign cdU Dong Nam A, Vien Han lam khoa hpe xa hpi ngay 8/12/2016.
5. N a r u t C h a r o e n s i (2012),
"pniJTiiiflaTnjmsysmltjQijqnjnti^jjimuiTu-]" (Hgp tdc kinh ti tiiu vdng Mekong), khoa Nha nude va Hanh chinh cong - TrUdng Dai hpc Chieng Mai, Bangkok 2012 (ti.27-28).
6. Nguyin Thi Hoan (2015), "ThUc trang, ca hpi vd thach thih: ddi vdi Viet Nam trong hgp tdc phdt triin Tiiu viing song Mekong", Ha N6i 2015 (tr.304).
7. Thdng tin ve cupc hpp Ndi cdc chung ViH Nam - Thdi Lan lan thii hai (27/10/2012), Bao Giao thbng van tai ngay 1712/2012.
8. Ved Nucharon (2018), Thitang mai vdng bien Thai Lan vd ca hpi cho cdc Doanh nghiep Thdi, Bao Kinh te Bangkok ngay 28/3/2018.
9. Theo thdi bao kinh te Thai Lan so 38, ra ngay 1-4/4/2018, tr.lO.
