QUAN HE THUONG MAI VA DAU TU
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CUA THAI LAN - NHAT BAN GIAI DOAN
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TRU6C KHUNG HOANG TAI CHJNH CHAU A
NGUYEN QUE T H U O N G *
Q
u a n h e T h a i L a n - N h a t B a n dugc h i n h t h a n h va p h a t t r i e n tQ lau.Ngay tQ thdi ky chien t r a n h t h e gidi thQ nha't, N h a t B a n da dQa cac s a n p h a m cdng nghiep den b a n tai T h a i L a n va khi dd cac s a n p h a m n a y cua N h a t Ban da c a n h t r a n h dUde vdi cac h a n g hda cua Anh tai day. N h a t B a n da gat h a i dUde nhieu t h a n h cdng va t h u dUdc n h i e u Idi ich trong viec k i n h d o a n h tai T h a i L a n thdi ky nay.
Tiep sau dd, t r e n g chien t r a n h the gidi thQ hai, mdi q u a n he giQa Thai Lan va N h a t Ban n g a y cang trd nen gan bd hdn, n h a t la t r o n g mdi q u a n he ddng m i n h chien t r a n h . T h a i L a n trd t h a n h ndi cung cap nguyen lieu, tai nguyen cho N h a t Ban, t h a m chi cdn cho p h e p N h a t Ban sQ d u n g l a n h t h d cua m i n h cho nhQng muc dich q u a n sU. NhUng cudl cung, ta't ca nhQng mdi q u a n he giQa Thai Lan va N h a t Ban dQdc gay diing qua hai cugc chien t r a n h deu k h d n g m a n g lai ket qua gi td't dep cho xa hgi T h a i L a n , ngQdi dan Thai Lan van ludn p h a i ddi m a t vdi lam p h a t va sQ t h i e u thdn cac n h u yeu p h a m .
Tiep thed dd, t r d n g giai doan chien
t r a n h lanh, q u a n he chinh tri, q u a n sQ giQa hai nQdc giam xud'ng dang ke nhUng q u a n he k i n h te v a n dugc duy tri va eung ed. Cudl thdi ky chien t r a n h lanh, nha't la nhQng n a m 80, h a n g hda tQ N h a t Ban n h a p k h a u vae Thai Lan vdi sd' lUdng ldn, dac biet la h a n g tieu dQng. Tdi n a m 1987 va 1988 sd'lQdng n h a p k h a u tQ N h a t Ban vad Thai Lan tiep tue t a n g len dd thdi gian nay T h a i L a n dae biet day m a n h p h a t trien nen cdng nghiep nen da n h a p tQ N h a t Ban mdt khdi iQdng may mdc ldn.
Cung t r e n g thdi gian nay, h a n g hea tQ Thai L a n xua't k h a u sang N h a t Ban chu yeu la cae m a t h a n g lUdng thQc thiic p h a m va nhien lieu. H a n g n a m Thai Lan xua't k h a u sang N h a t Ban mdt sd lUdng Idn lUdng thQc thQc p h a m , chiem tdi 60%
tdng gia trj x u a t k h a u s a n g N h a t Ban, khdang hdn 7 ty Baht. Nhien lieu x u a t s a n g N h a t Ban chiem khoang 15% tdng gia trj x u a t k h a u . Ngoai ra cac m a t h a n g t h u cdng eua Thai L a n dUde x u a t sang N h a t Ban da t a n g dan vad nhQng n a m 80.
Gia trj xua't k h a u m a t h a n g nay cudl nhQng n a m 70 la k h o a n g 50 trieu baht.
Ths. Nguyen Que ThUdng, Vien Nghien cilu Dong Nam A
46 Nghien citu Dong Nam A 11/2010 den nhQng nam 80 trung binh khoang 280
trieu baht/ nam^^\
NhQng mat hang chu yeu ma Nhat Ban xuat khau sang Thai Lan la phu tQng xe gan may, may mdc cd khi va cac san pham cd khi, hda chat Ba mat hang nay dQdc xua't khau nhieu nha't chiem tdi 90%
tdng so' mat hang xua't khau sang Thai Lan. Ngoai ra, cae mat hang Nhat Ban nhap khau tQ Thai Lan bao gdm eac loai thQc pham nhQ tdm ddng lanh, thjt ga, dQdng va cac Idai nguyen lieu, nhien lieu ^"^^ (xem. Bdng 1.1).
Ve quan he dau tU, sau sU ra ddi cua Hiep udc Plaza thang 9/1985, ddng Yen cua Nhat Ban da nhanh chdng manh len, tham chi cd nhQng thdi diem ddng Yen manh gan gap ddi so vdi trQdc. Vi the Nhat Ban da de ra chien iQdc can nhanh chdng md rdng dau tQ ra nQdc ngoai. Trong thdi gian nay, cac dQ an dau tQ cua Nhat Ban ra nQdc ngoai tang len rd ret, trong dd cd mgt phan dQ an dau tQ tai Thai Lan. Dau tu tQ Nhat Ban vao Thai Lan tang len trong ta't ea eac Iinh vUe tQ eac dii an thQdng mai va cdng nghiep den cac dii an dau tQ xay diing va dich vu. Viec thUdng nhan Nhat Ban den dau tU tang len tai
Thai Lan trong giai doan sau nay cdn xuat phat tQ sQ dn djnh chinh trj va kinh te Thai Lan. Kinh te Thai Lan cd nen tang vQng chac hdn so vdi cac nQdc Ddng Nam A khac va cd dQdng ldi phat trien ngay cang sang sua. Nhan thQc cua ca nha nUde lan khu vUc tQ nhan ve van de dau tQ nQdc ngoai cung rat nhay ben, gia nhan cdng khdng eao, liic iQdng lao ddng du tieu chuan, nhQng mau thuan ve tdn giao va van hda it hdn neu so vdi Inddnexia va Malaixia. Ngoai ra thdi diem nay, ddng dd la tai Thai Lan lai kha cao so vdi ddng bat, vi vay day la diem ldi the cua Thai Lan khi so vdi Han Qudc va Dai Loan.
So vdi thdi gian trUdc day, nhQng nam 1987 - 1991 sd'dQ an dau tU cua Nhat Ban vao Thai Lan tang so vdi trUde ra't nhieu bao gdm tat ca 709 dU an vdi so'vd'n dau tU len tdi 221,6 ti bat, tap trung vao cac linh vUc nhU: cdng nghiep dien va dien tQ chiem tdi 211 du an chiem tdi 68,9 ti bat gdm cd ca sU dau tU lan dau tien cua cac cdng ti thiet bi dien gia dung hang dau Nhat Ban nhu cdng ti Shar, dau tU san xua't tai Thai Lan cac thiet bj nhQ; Id nQdng, Id vi sdng, tu lanh tiep sau nay la san xuat ca may dieu hda nhiet dc.
Bang 1.1: Trao doi thUcTng mai giufa Thai Lan va Nhat Ban (1992 - 1998)
trieu USD Nam
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
Xuat k h a u ciia Thai Lan
5 950 6 500 8 180 9 360 10 210
8 700 7 470
Nhap k h a u ciia Thai Lan
10 370 12 260 14 700 20 410 18 280 16 110 10 030
Can c a n XNK - 4 420 - 5 760 - 6 520 - 11 050
- 8 060 - 7 410 - 2 570
Nguon: Cue Hdi quan - Eg Tdi chinh Thdi Lan (2000)
Nguyen Que Thuong - Quan he thuong mgi vd ddu tit cita Thdi Lan - Nhdt Bdn.
47
Bdng 1.2: Dau tU cua Nhdt Bdn vdo Thdi Lan (1993 - 1998) ji^ , .
Loai du an ^ ~ " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ de tiinh
dUdc duyet
tien hanh
so du an so'tien so' du an
so'tien so du an
so'tien
1993
171 645 125 685 86 429
1994
258 173,4
190 643 56 126
1995
317 243,2
284 196,6
74 318
1996
319 234,1
254 156,9
220 740
1997
216 983 254 163,4
165 727
1998
251 555 188 270 177 889
Nguon:
Uy ban ho trg ddu tu - Eg Hgp tdc ddu tu Thdi Lan (2000)
Ngoai ra edn cd sQ d a u tU cua t a p doan JVC, s a n x u a t m a y t r u y e n h i n h mau tai Thai Lan. Ben c a n h dd cdn cd cac cdng ty ldn va ndi tieng k h a c eua N h a t Ban dau tU vao Thai L a n n h u Fujitsu s a n xua't eac thiet bj dien tQ nhQ: d cQng, may in, linh kien dien tQ Cae cdng ty t r e n g linh vQc cdng nghiep xe gan may eua N h a t Ban cung b a t dau md rdng d Thai Lan n b u Isuzu, Suzuki ''^*
Cd t h e tha'y r a n g , t r e n g thdi gian nay, N h a t Ban cd xu h u d n g dau t u trong nhQng linh viic m a dUde chinh p h u Thai Lan Uu dai va bao hd. Viec dau tQ p h a n ldn van ed xu h u d n g lien d o a n h cQng vdi n h a dau tQ T h a i L a n va d a u tU n h a m vao cac m a t h a n g xua't k h a u . N a m 1987 -
1991 cd tdi 70%) dii a n dau tQ cua N h a t Ban vao T h a i L a n n h a n dUdc sU hd trg tQ chinh p h u T h a i va deu la dau tQ trong ITnh vQc h a n g hda xua't k h a u , trong dd sd' lUdng xua't k h a u ngUdc trd lai N h a t Ban la k h o a n g 22,5% , xua't k h a u s a n g Hoa Ky k h o a n g 15,2%, xua't s a n g cac nUde Chau A va T r u n g Ddng k h o a n g 24,6%^'*\
Dae biet t r o n g giai doan tQ 1993 den 1996 la thdi ky T h a i L a n chd phep tQ de
md cae n h a may va k h u y e n khich dau tQ, boat ddng dau tU tai Thai Lan thdi gian nay het sQc sdi ddng, dae biet la dau tU cua N h a t Ban vao Thai Lan. Giai doan nay dUdc d a n h gia la giai doan dau tU m a n h nha't eua N h a t Ban vao Thai Lan.
Dae biet ehi trong n a m 1996 N h a t Ban da xin dau tU vao Thai Lan vdi 319 dQ an va tdng s d v d n len tdi 234,1 ti bat. Tuy nhien, so' lUdng du a n dau tQ va sd' vd'n dau tU da giam xud'ng dang ke trong nhQng n a m sau dd (1997, 1998), dae biet la n a m 1998 sd lugng dQ an dau tQ va sd vd'n dau tU tQ N h a t Ban vao Thai Lan da giam xud'ng t h a p ehUa tQng ed ke tQ t h a p ky 80 trd lai day. Nguyen n h a n cua t i n h t r a n g nay de tae ddng cua eude k h u n g hoang tai chinh Chau A da lam cho ca Thai Lan va N h a t Ban rdi vad t i n h t r a n g suy thoai k i n h te.
Xem Bdng 1.2.
Neu tinh ti le p h a n t r a m dau tU eua N h a t Ban vae Thai Lan trong tdng sd' dau t u nQdc ngdai vad Thai Lan thi cang de dang n h a n tha'y r a n g dau tU cua N h a t Ban chiem met ti le r a t ldn. Xem Bdng 1.3.
N h u vay, trong q u a n he thUdng mai va dau tu, N h a t Ban ngay cang k h a n g djnh
48 Nghien citu Dong Nam A li/2010
vai trd ddi tac q u a n t r g n g cua T h a i L a n . Vdi T h a i L a n , N h a t B a n la t h j trUdng n h a p k h a u sd' mdt va la t h i trUdng x u a t k h a u thQ h a i (sau My). Ben c a n h dd, h a n g n a m N h a t B a n c u n g xua't k h a u s a n g T h a i L a n k h o a n g 3,6% t d n g gia t r j xua't k h a u r a nude ngoai va n h a p k h a u 2,9% tdng gia trj n h a p k h a u tQ cac nQdc. NhQ vay, t r o n g thdi gian nay. T h a i L a n la t h j trQdng xua't k h a u dQng h a n g thQ 6 cua N h a t B a n va la thi trUdng n h a p k h a u dQng h a n g thQ 10.
Ngoai ra, trQdc k h u n g h o a n g t a i chinh, N h a t Ban v a n ludn la nUdc cd sd'lUdng vd'n dau t u ldn n h a t vad T h a i L a n . Cd t h e n h a n d i n h ve dae diem d a u tU cua N h a t Ban vao T h a i L a n t r o n g giai doan nay n h u sau:
- Du a n d a u tU p h a n ldn la dU a n vQa va nhd vdi mQe t h u e n h a n cdng dudi 100 ngQdi
- D Q a n p h a n ldn la s a n xua't s a n p h a m de x u a t k h a u .
- H a n g hda s a n xua't p h a n ldn la h a n g
Bdng 1.3: Ty le ddu tit cua Nhdt Bdn trong tong sd ddu tit nUdc ngodi vdo
Thdi Lan (1988 - 1996)
N a m 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Dau tu ttf Nhat Ban (%)
57.2 38.1 27.0 30.5 41.8 43.5 39.0 49.5 49.4
Nguon:
Uy ban ho trg ddu tu -Eg Hgp tdc ddu tu Thdi Lan (1998)
hda t r u n g ca'p
- P h a n ldn d u a n d a u tU lien d o a n h la cua n h a d a u tU N h a t B a n gdp vd'n cQng n h a d a u tU T h a i L a n .
Cd t h e tha'y r a n g , mdi q u a n he ve thUdng m a i va d a u tU ndi t r e n giQa N h a t B a n va T h a i L a n c h i n h la gdp p h a n cung cd n e n t a n g q u a n h e td't dep giQa hai nQdc t r o n g q u a khQ va t h u c d a y mdi ^ u a n he giQa hai nQdc t r o n g tQdng lai ngay cang gan bd va k h a n g k b i t hdn./.
T A I L I E U T H A M K H A O
1. Khoa Dong Phifdng hgc (2003), Quan he Viet Nam - Nhat Bdn (nhUng vdn di lich sU vd hien dgi).- Nha xuat ban dai hoc quoc gia. Ha Ndi
2. Phat cha ri Xi ro rdt (2001), Quan he Thdi Lan - Nhdt Edn, xem xet tU Hiep dinh vd nhUng thoa thuan trong vong 100 nam.
Nha xua't ban Dai hgc Tham-ma-xat.
3. Pra phat Thep cha tri (2000). Chinh sdch dd'i ngogi cua Thdi Lan trong qud khit.
Nha xua't ban Dai hoc Chulaldngkon.
4. Xuc la rat Tha ra xac (1988). Quan he hQu nghi giUa Thdi Lan vd Nhdt Bdn. Cue Nghe thuat xua't ban.
5. Di rec Chay nam (1970). Thdi Lan vdi chien tranh the gidi thU hai Nha xuat ban ThUdng mai.
6. Trang web http://www.mfa.go.th
C H U T H I C H
1. 12, tr. 202]
2. Theo bao Kinh te dan tgc, ngay 8/11/2007 3. Theo bao cao hang nam cua Cd quan Hdp
