Nghien ciiu An Dp vd Chau A. S6 7 - 2018
THAY DOI TRONG XUAT KHAU NONG SAN CUA VIET NAM SAU KHI GIA NHAP WTO
Nguyin Thi Vi*
Trudng Dgi hgc Kinh te Quoc ddn
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 08/05/2018, ngdy gin phdn biin: 01/06/2018, ngdy duyel ddng: 20/06/2018
TV Tdng nghiep la khu vue kinh ti cd vai tro dgc biit quan trgng trong suphdt trien kinh -/ V te - xd hgi cua mdi qudc gia. Khu vue kinh ti ndy khong chi eung cdp luang thirc, thuc phdm cho d&i sdng con ngu&i md con cung cdp ngudn nguyin lieu vd nguon nhdn lire eho hogt dgng phi ndng nghiep & do thi Suphdt triin cua khu vuc ndng nghiip, nong thdn se tgo ra thi truong rgng l&n cho cong nghiip, ldm tdng nguon ngogi ti trong xudt khdu vd ndng nghiep phdt trien ben vdng se gdp phdn giu gin mdi tru&ng sinh thdi Nhiing nam gdn ddy, ddc biit Id sau khi gia nhdp Td chuc thuong mgi the gi&i (WTO), xudt khdu nong sdn cua Viet Nam dd thu dugc nhiing kit qud quan trong, gop phdn khdng nho vdo viic gidm ddn ty le nhdp sieu ciia cd nu&c, dong gdp vdo tdng tru&ng chung cua nin kinh ti.
Tir khda: xudt khdu, ndng san, Viet Nam, WTO Mordau
Sau hon 30 nam ddi mdi vd hdi nhap vao thi trudng the gidi, ndng nghiep Viet Nam da dat dupe nhung thanh tuu dang ke va ddng vai frd quan frpng frong qud frinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi cua ddt nudc, frd thanh ITnh vue thdnh cdng nhat cua nen kinh te. Mac du phai ddi dien vdi nliieu khd khan, thdch thiic nhung ndng nghiep van duy tri tdc dp tang tmdng va ddng gdp quan trpng vao tang trudng kinh te, gop phdn dn dinh xa hdi. Viet Nam da frd thanh mpt trong nhiing qudc gia xuat khau hang dau the gidi ve cdc mat hang: gao, cao su, ea phe, hat tieu, hat dieu, sdn pham gd vd thuy san. Ngay cd khi tang tmdng kinh tl bi suy giam, thuong mai Viet Nam thudng xuyen nhap sieu thi ndng nghiep Id nganh duy nhdt ludn xudt sieu, gdp phan dang ke cdi thien can can thuong mai cjudc gia.
* vinguyen.neu@gmail.com
1. Khoi lupng va gia tri hang xuat khau gia tang nhanh va tirong doi on dinh
Mac dil thi trudng ndng san the gidi chiu anh hudng ldn bdi khung hoang np eong d khu vue chau Au, ddng thdi nen kinh tl thi gidi phuc hoi cham da khien gia nhieu loai ndng sdn Viet Nam syt gidm, dac biet la nhiing mat hdng xudt khau chu lyc nhu gao, ca phe, cao su..., song vdi su hd trp kip thai cua chinh phu, sy chu dpng cua cdc doanh nghiep nSn hau het cac mat hang xuat khau cua nude ta giai doan 2010 - 2017 deu tang manh ca ve khdi lupng va gia fri, sau thdi ky hau khimg hodng kinh te tai ehinh toan cdu (2008 - 2009).
Nam 2012 ciing Id mdt ndm thdnh cdng ddi vdi ITnh vyc xudt khau ndng, Idm, thuy sdn
Nguyin Thi Vi. Thay ddi trong xudt khdu ndng sdn...
nudc ta, khi dat kim ngach 27,54 ty USD' sd "ky luc" mdi. Nhin chung, ed mdt sd mat (tang 9,7% so vdi nam 2011), frong dd nhilu hang co sy sut giam, nhung sau do lai tang mat hang ndng sdn chu luc lap nen nhirng eon trudng trd lai.
Bang 1: Kim ngach xuat khau mpt so mait hang n6ng san chii lyc ciia Viet Nam giai do^n 2004 - 2017
(Don vi: Ty USD)
Thuy san G6 Gao Cao su Caphe Hat dieu Ho tieu s i n Rau qua Khac Tong
2004 2,40 1,05 0,94 0,58 0,59 0,42 0,15
-
0,16
- -
2007 3,76 2,40 1,49 1,39 1,91 0,65 0,27
-
0,30
-
12,6 2008
4,51 2,83 2,89 1,60 2,11 0,91 0,31
-
0,40
-
16,07 2009
4,25 2,59 2,66 1,20 1,73 0,85 0,35 0,57 0,44 0,70 15,34
2010 5,02 3,50 2,91 2,30 1,73 1,14 0,42 0,56 0,45 1,12 19,15
2011 6,11 3,90 3,51 3,20 2,70 1,47 0,72 0,96 0,62 1,91 25,1
2012 6,15 4,67 3,70 2,85 3,67 1,50 0,80 1,35 0,77 2,08 27,54
2013 7,0 5,56 2,95 2,52 2,7 1,64 0,9 1,1 1,0
-
27,5 2015
6,7 6,9 2,68 1,53 2,67 2,4 1,26 1,3 2,2
-
30,14 2016
7,0 7,3 2,2 1,67 3,34 2,8 1,42 0,97 2,45
-
32,1 2D17
8,3 7,6 2,5 2,2 3,25 3,3»
1,12 1,0 3,51
-
36,37 Ngudn: Bp Cdng thucmg, Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien Ndng thdn, Tdng cyc Hdi quan va tong hpp eiia tac gid.
Ghi chii: *sd lieu udc tinh.
Thuy san
Nhieu nam qua, thuy san da frd thanh nganh kinh te mui nhpn frong ITnh vuc xudt khau ndng san Viet Nam, chilm khoang gdn 25% tdng kim ngach. Bang sd lieu tren cho thay, kim ngach xuat khdu thiiy sdn nam sau luon cd gid fri cao hon nam trude. Nlu nam 2007, kim ngach xudt khdu mdi dat 3,76 ty USD thi din 2017, con so da Ien tdi 8,3 ty
USD. Nhu vay, sau 10 nam gia nhap Td chiic Thuang mai the gidi, kim ngach xuat khdu thuy sdn cua nude ta da tang hon 2 ldn.
Thuy san Viet Nam Men da co mat d rat nhieu qudc gia va vimg lanh thd fren the gidi.
Tuy nhien, cdc ddi tac ldn cua nudc ta van la EU, Hoa Ky vd Nhdt Bdn, chilm 1/3 gid tri xuat khdu thuy sdn, mat hang chiem uu the ldn la tdm sii va cd tra.
' Th^nhC6ng, Kim nggch xudt khdu ndng tdm thuy sdn dgt khodng 27,54 ty USD, http://baocongthuong.coni.vn, ng^y truy cap 25/4/2018.
Nghien ciru An Do va Chau A S6 7 - 2018 Hinh 1: Xuat khau nong san ciia Viet Nam sau khi gia nhap WTO
(Dan vi: Ty USD)
2004 2007 2008 3009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017
• Thuy san
" Cao su
• Gao ' H^t dieu
•• Ray qua
Ngudn: Bd Cdng thucmg, Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phat trien Ndng thdn, Tdng cue Hdi quan vd tong hpp ciia tdc gia.
Bang 2: 10 thj tnrdng xuat khau thiiy dduthegidivl gia tri xudt khdu. Thuy san Viet san ldn nhat nam 2017 Nam da cd mat tai hon 160 qudc gia tren thi gidi.
Gao
Viet Nam van ludn tu hao Id nudc xudt khdu gao Idn fren the gidi, vdi vua liia ciia cd nudc la Ddng bang sdng Cim Long. Nam 2011 xudt khau gao dat tang trudng khd viing chdc.
Lupng gao xudt khau ca nam khodng 7,2 trieu tan, vdi kim ngach 3,51 ty USD (tang 4,4% ve lupng va 14% ve gia tri so ciing ky 2010), gia gao xudt khdu nam 2011 tdng binh qudn 9%
so vdi nam 2010^.
Mpt tin hieu tich cyc Id nam 2012, ngdnh Ilia gao da ghi them ky lue mdi vdi luong xudt khau 7,7 trieu tdn (tdng 7%), thu ve gan 3,7 ty USD. Dieu nay da gdp phan quan trpng trong viee giiip ndng dan tieu thu dupe het lita gao hang hda va giup xudt khdu gao Viet Nam tiep tue giu virng vi tri thir 2 vdn da nam giii tir nhieu nam qua.
Thi truffng EU HoaKy Nhat Ban Trung Quoc
Han Quoc Thai Lan
Canada Australia Hong Kong
Phillipines
Nam 2017 (nghin USD)
1.422.053 1.407.000 I.302.9II 1.087.863 778.544 246.460 222.779 185.063 157.945 131.289
So vcri 2016
(%)
22,1 (1,9) 18,6 59,4 28,1 1,4 21,6 (0,7) 4,4 62,4 Ngudn: Tdng cue Hdi quan.
Trong bdi cdnh kinh te the gidi van dang trong tinh frang suy thoai keo ddi, hien nay Viet Nam van diing thii 4 trong 10 nude hang
2 Chung Thuy, Xudt khdu ggo tdng tru&ng mgnh trong quy I. Bao dien tii VOV, ngSy tmy cap 9/4/2018.
quy
Nguyin Thj Vi. Thay ddi trong xudt khdu nongsdn...
Bang 3: 10 quoc gia xuat khau gao Idn nhat the gidi nSm 2012 STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Quoc gia AnBp Viet Nam Thai Lan Pakistan HoaKy Brazil Uruguay Campuchia
Myanmar Argentina
San luong (Trieu tan) 10,2
7,7 6,9 3,5 3,3 1,2 1,1 0,8 0,7 0,68
ty USD, tdng 13,4% so vdi cimg ky nam 2010 (ba thi trudng nhap khdu ldn nhdt Id Hoa Ky, Nhat Ban, Trung Qudc). Sang nam 2012, kim ngach da vupt mdc 4 ty USD, dat 4,67 ty U S D (lang 19,7% so vdi 2011), va con so nay da Ien tdi 7,6 ty USD (ndm 2017), tang hon 3 Idn ke tir khi nude ta trd thanh thanh vien thii 150 ciia WTO. Go va cac sdn phdm go la ITnh vyc cd ty le xuat sieu eao so cdc mat hang khac.
Hinh 2: Xuat khau go vd san pham go cua Viet Nam tir 2004 den 2017
( D a n v i : t y U S D )
Ngudn: Bd Ndng nghiep Hoa Ky (USDA).
Theo x i p hang cua Worldatlas, Viet Nam hien diing thir 5 trong sd eac qudc gia sdn xudt lua gao Idn nhat the gidi (sau Trung Qudc, An Dp, Indonesia va Bangladesh)^. Hien nay, Trung Qudc van la doi tae nhdp khdu gao Idn nhdt eua Viet Nam.
Go vd cdc san phdm go
Budc vdo nam 2008, cupc khung hodng kinh te tdi chinh toan cau da khien nganh gd cQng giam sut. Cy the, nam 2008 kim ngach xudt khdu dat 2,83 ty U S D , nam 2009 gidm cdn 2,6 ty USD. Tir nam 2010 d i n nay, ngdnh go ludn tang trudng khd dn dinh vd ludn diing thir 2 trong nhdm cae nong sdn cd kim ngach xuat khau Idn, gdp phan quan trpng trong viec giam nhap sieu ciia nudc ta.
Tdng gia tri xuat khdu ciia nam 2011 dat 3,9
2004 2008 2010 2012 2015 2017
.11
Ngudn: Bp Cdng thuong.
Viet Nam trd thanh nude xuat khdu do go Idn nhdt ASEAN tir nam 2013, diing thii hai tai chau A va thir 6 tren the gidi''. Cd the ndi, gd va cae sdn pham go cua Viet Nam la mdt ITnh vyc cd nhieu tiem nang phdt trien, nhdt la vdi eac thi trudng khd tinh nhu Hoa Ky, Nhat Ban. Theo Trung tdm Thong tin Thuong mai va Cdng nghidp (Bd Cdng thucmg), Viet Nam hien dang dting thii 6 the gidi, diing thii 2 chau A vd diing dau Ddng Nam A ve xuat khdu dd gd.
' PV, Viet Nam lot top 5 quoc gia co sdn luong lua ggo ldn nhdt the gidi 2016, http://doanhnghiepvn, ngdy truy cSp 27/4/2018.
•* PV, Xudt khdu gd vd sdn phdm go cita Viet Nam tu ndm 2010 din 2014, http://vietnamexport.com, ngSy truy cap 28/04/2018.
Nghien cu:u An Dp va Chau A. S6 7 - 2018 Cd phe
Ciing vdi xu hudng tang gia chung cua cac mat hdng ndng sdn, mac du khdi lupng cd phe xudt khdu khdng tang nhung gia fri xuat khau ca phe van dat dupe tang trudng rdt ldn. Khdi lupng xudt khdu nam 2011 dat 1,2 trieu tdn, dat gia tri 2,7 ty USD, xdp xi vl lupng nhung tang 45,4% vl gid tn so vdi nam 2010. Gia ed phe xudt khdu trung binh dat 2.200 USD/tdn (tang 49 % so vdi nam 2010).
Theo Td chirc Ca phe The gidi (ICO), trong 6 thdng ddu nam 2012, kim ngach xudt khau eua Viet Nam eao hon Brazil 13%, rihd dd Viet Nam da vupt Brazil, trd thdnh nudc xudt khdu ea phe sd mdt the gidi (trudc dd, Viet Nam ehi dung dau the gidi ve xuat khau cd phe Robusta).
Trong ndm 2012, xuat khau cd phe cd nam dat khodng 1,73 trieu tan vdi gia tri han 3,67 ty USD, tang 40,3% vl lupng va 36% vl gid tri so cimg ky 2011. Trong giai doan 2011-2015, thi nam 2012 duoc eoi la nam tang vucrt trdi ve kim ngach ciing nhu khdi lupng ea phe xudt khdu. Giai doan 2013 - 2015, san lupng vd kim ngach xuat khau ca phe CO xu hudng giam siit, nhung sau dd tiep tuc tang trudng trd lai. Mac dii cd nhiing thang tram, song hien tai Viet Nam van la qudc gia dung thir 2 ve xuat khdu cd phe, chiem 16% san lupng the gidi^.
Sy vuon Ien eiia ea phe dupe eac ehuyen gia kinh te danh gia Id mot "phep mdu" cua kinh tl Viet Nam trong thdi gian qua. Nganh ca phe da gdp phan quan trpng vao sy phdt triln ehung cua nen kinh te Viet Nam, chiem
khodng 3% GDP^, giai quyet viec Idm va thu nhdp cho hon 2,5 trieu ngudi.
Cao su
Ngdnh cao su ciing dat dupe nhung thdnh tyu ddng ke, vdi kim ngach xudt khdu tang kha nhanh trong may nam trd lai day. Lupng eao suxudt khau nam 2011 dat 817 nghin tdn, kim ngach dat 3,2 ty USD, tang 8,2% vl luong va tang tdi 37,5% vl gid tri. Vl culi nam 2011, gia eao sued gidm nhung van tang tdi 38,2%, dat xap xi 4.000 USD/tin. Xudt khdu eao su sang cac thi trudng Idn tang trudng tuong ddi dn dinh. Nam 2012, lupng xudt khdu len tdi 1.020 tdn, gia tri 2,85 t^
USD, tang 25% ve lupng (giam 11,7% vl gid fri do gia gidm).
Trong 7 thdng ddu nam 2013, Viet Nam da xudt khdu 507.061 tin, dat 1,24 ty USD, don gia binh qudn dat 2.440 USD/tdn. So vdi cimg ky nam 2012, xuat khau eao su thien nhien tang 1,3% ve lupng nhung gidm 16,6%
kim ngach (don gid binh qudn giam 17,7%).
Tir bdng 1 ed the thdy, kim ngach xudt khdu cao su ed xu hudng gidm ke tir ndm 2012.
Dilu ndy dupe Iy gidi, m6t phan la do khung hodng kinh te tai chinh toan cdu chua dupe phuc hdi, mat khde trong ngan ban, thi trudng d td the gidi cd xu hudng bi thu hep.
Tuy nhien, Viet Nam hien van xep thii 5 thi gidi vl san lupng vd thii 4 vl xudt khdu cao su thien nhien (sau Thai Lan, Indonesia, Malaysia), vdi thi phdn khoang 10% the gidi.
Trung Quoc thudng xuyen la ddi tac hang dau tieu thy cao su cua Viet Nam, tiep theo Id Malaysia vd thii 3 la An Dp.
' D6 Thu Thoan, Viet Nam trd thdnh nudc xudt khdu cd phe Idn nhdt thi gidi?, https://baomoi.com, ngiy tmy cap 28/4/2018.
* Phan Anh, Viet Nam qua mat Brazil trd thdnh nudc xudt khdu cd phe sd I the gidi, http://www.tracaphe.com, ng^y truy cap 30/4/2018.
Nguyin Thj Vi. Thay doi trong xudt khdu ndng sdn..
Dieu nhdn
Sau 4 nam gia nhap WTO, kim ngach xudt khdu hat dilu nam 2011 so vdi nam 2000 da tang gap 8,8 lan (binh quan tang 21,9%/nam), cao hon nhieu ede eon sd tuong img cua tdng kim ngach xuat khau cua cd nudc (gdp 3,2 ldn vd tang 11,2%/nam). Sau 10 nam gia nhdp WTO, kim ngach xuat khdu dilu nhan da tang 5,1 lan (tir 0,65 len 3,3 ty USD), ddy la mdt thanh cdng an tuong cua nganh.
Mac dil lupng xuat khau gidm d nhieu thi trudng tieu thy, nhung lupng dieu xuat khdu nam 2011 van dat 178,5 nghin tan, kim ngach 1,47 ty USD, gidm 8,5% ve lupng nhung gid tri tang 30,1% so vdi ciing ky nam 2010. Tuy nhien, so sdnh vdi nam 2012, cd lupng vd gid fri xudt khdu deu thdp hon (nam 2012 xuat khdu 223.000 tan, kim ngach dat gdn 1,5 ty USD - tang 25,4% vl lupng vd 0,7% vl gid tri so vdi nam 2011)'.
Hoa Ky Id thi trudng tieu thy hat dilu hdng dau cua Viet Nam. Tuy nhien, cdc chuyen gia cho rang, xudt khdu dieu nhan vdo chau Au se gap nhieu khd khan do viee siet chat cac quy dinh ve an toan ve sinh thuc phdm. Thi trudng Hoa Ky eiing dua ra cdc yeu edu ve truy xudt ngudn gdc, kiem soat ve sinh an todn thuc pham ddi vdi hat dilu. Do dd, de khae phuc nhiing khd khdn nay, eac doanh nghiep can nang cao ndng lyc san xuat, ddi mdi cdng nghe de day manh che bien sdu, mang lai gia tri gia tang cao, hudng tdi canh tranh bdng chat lupng thay vi chi so che sau do xuat khdu.
Viet Nam da trd thanh qudc gia xudt khdu dieu nhdn ldn nhdt thi gioi, vupt qua ca An Dp va Brazil. Kl tir 2013, thi trudng dilu nhdn lai ghi nhdn bude tdng trudng mdi.
Tdng lupng xuat khdu 7 thdng ddu nam 2013 dat khoang 140 ngan tdn vdi gid tri ban 800 trieu USD (tang 15% vl lupng va 5,9% kim ngach so vdi ciing ky 2012). Viet Nam tilp tyc giii viing ngdi vi nudc xudt khau dieu s6 1 the gidi. Day ciing Id thi trudng het siic soi dpng dip cudi nam (so lieu tir Cue Thdng ke Tinh Ldm Ddng).
Ho tieu
Sau 10 nam boat dpng, xuat khau hat tieu Viet Nam da cd nhung budc phdt trien vupt bac, chiem thi phan tai hon 80 qudc gia va vung lanh thd. Sdn lupng hd tieu xudt khau nam 2011 dat tren 120 nghin tan, kim ngach dat 720 trieu USD, so vdi cimg ky nam frude lupng tang 7,1% va kim ngach tdng tdi 74,6%^. Gid xuat khau hd tieu da dat mgt ky luc mdi, gid binh qudn dat 5.867 USD/tan (tang 66,3% so vdi eiing ky 2010). Ndm 2012 nganh hat tieu Viet Nam gianh nhieu thang Ipi, la mdt trong nhung mat hang ndng san co miic tdng trudng an tupng nhdt trong nam 2012, gidm 4,2% ve lupng nhung lai tang tdi 10,4% ve kim ngach so vdi ndm 2011. Theo sd lieu thdng ke cua Hiep hdi Tieu Viet Nam, khdi lupng hat tieu xuat khau 7 thang ddu ndm 2013 Id 94 nghin tan, vdi gid tri kim ngach xuat khau 618 trieu USD (tang 22,8%
ve lupng vd tang 17,7% ve gia tri so vdi ciing ky nam 2012).
Nhu chiing ta da biet. An Dp la nudc xuat khdu hat tieu each day hang nghin nam vd la ' Binh Minh, N5m 2012, du bio xuat khau hat dilu len
tai 1,75 ty USD, http://ndh.vn, ngdy truy cap 26/4/2018.
' T6ng cue Thong ke, https:/
28/04/2018. D.gov.vn, ngdy truy cap:
Nghien ciiu An DQ va Chau A. So 7 - 2011 nhd xudt khdu hat tieu Idn nhdt thi gidi nhimg
nam 90 eiia thi ky XX^ Trong khi dd, Viet Nam chi mdi bat dau xuat khdu tieu vao nhiing ndm thdp nien 90. Chi sau 10 nam, Viet Nam dd vupt An Dp frd thanh nha xudt khdu hat tieu ldn nhat thi gidi. Viet Nam duy tri vi fri ndy sudt 10 nam qua vd tiep tuc la nudc xuat khdu hd tieu sd 1 trong nam 2012 khi chilm ban 50% khdi lupng giao djch thi gidi, vdi lupng xudt khdu dat 120.000 tdn, gia tri 802 trieu USD. Con sd dd khdng ngimg tang len vd ket qud that dang ghi nhan, tu 2015 kim ngach xudt khdu hd tieu da dat mdc tren 1 ty USD.
Ngodi cac sdn phdm ndng nghiep chii lue ke fren, cac sdn pham tir san va rau qud ciing dat miic kim ngach rdt tdt. Tren thi gidi cd khoang 100 nude xudt khdu san, nhung rieng 5 quoc gia hang dau la Thdi Lan, Viet Nam, Costa Rica, Indonesia vd Paraguay da chilm tdi 97% sdn lupng giao djch. 6 Viet Nam, 70%
san lupng sdn va tinh bpt san xudt ra dupe xudt khdu, 30% tiSu thu ndi dia. Hien nay, Viet Nam la nude xuat khdu sdn ldn thii 2 the gidi, chi sau Thai Lan.
2. Tang dan ty Ie xuat sieu
Sau khi gia nhap WTO, kim ngach xuat nhap khdu hdng hda cua Viet Nam ed su gia tang nhanh chdng. Dieu dang ndi Id, trong nhieu nam lien tiep, cdn cdn thuang mai ciia Viet Nam ludn trong tinh frang nhdp sieu (nam 2006 Id 5,9 ty USD, nam 2007 la 14,2 ty USD, nam 2008 cao nhdt la 18 ty USD, nam 2011 la 10 ty USD). Nam 2012, ldn ddu tien can can thuang mai xudt sieu 284 trieu USD sau gan 20 nam, kl tir nam 1993.
Hinh 3: Can can thuong mai chung (CCTM chung) va can can thu-ong mai nong nghiep (CCTM Nong nghiep) (ty
USD)
h i l l
2000 2 c | l 2IW 2njS 2 0 | j 20ll 2012 2013
• CCTM Nong nghiep aCCTM cluing
Nguon: Bd Ndng nghiep vd Phdt triln Ndng thdn.
Hinh 3 eho thdy, tir nam 2000 den ndm 2013, frong khi can can thuong mai chung ciia ca nudc thudng trong tinh trang nhap sieu thi cdn can thuang mai ndng nghiep ludn d trang thdi xudt sieu, gdp phan quan trpng trong viec day liii nhdp sieu ea nudc. Theo sd lieu ciia Tdng cue Thdng ke, ndm 2016, Viet Nam xudt sieu udc dat gdn 2,7 ty USD. Nhu vdy, chiing ta da xudt sieu trd lai sau mpt nam nhdp sieu (nam 2015 Viet Nam nhdp sieu hon 3 ty USD).
Tuy nhien, vdi nganh ndng nghiep thi ngupc lai, ludn xuat sieu va gia tri xuat sieu tang len nhanh ehdng.
3. Thi tnrdng xuat khau ngay cang mo rpng
De dat dupe nhiing ket qua ke tren trong ITnh vye xudt khdu ndng san, phai ke sy dong gdp vd nhiing budc viing chdc trong hoat dong
' PV, An Do mdt vt tri xudt khdu hat lieu hdng ddu Ihi gidi, http://www.baomoi.com, ng^y truy cSp 28/04/2018.
Nguyin Thi Vi. Thay ddi trong xudt khdu nong sdn..
nghien ciiu, md rdng va du bao thi trudng frong bdi canh hdi nhap ngdy edng sau rpng vao he thing kmh t l qudc t l . Trudc khi gia nhap WTO, Viet Nam mdi xuat khdu hang hda ndng sdn ra khoang 80 nudc tren the gidi, nhung den nay ndng sdn Viet Nam da cd mat tai hon 160 qudc gia vd vimg lanh thd'^. Cac doi tdc cua nudc ta dupe md rdng tir Bdc M^, chau Au, Nam My, chdu Phi, Tay A. Mpt sd thi trudng nhap khdu ndng sdn ldn phai ke den nhu Hoa Ky, Nhdt Bdn, Trung Qudc va cdc nudc ASEAN.
Hien nay, rdt nhieu thi trudng ddn nhdn ndng san Viet Nam bdi tinh da dang phong phii eua cdc sdn pham den tir dat nuoc nhiet ddi gid mua. "Thi truong Nhdt Bdn ddnh gid cao nhieu mat hdng ndng sdn cua Viet Nam, dgc biit v&i viec Id thit gd dugc xudt bdn sang Nhgt da chimg minh cho sdn phdm ndng sdn cua Viet Nam dd cd "phep thu" tgi thi truong khd tinh ndy. Ciing v&i do la cdc mat hdng chuoi xodi dangcd nhiiu tiim ndng tgi thi tru&ng nay...".
Hay nhu thi trudng Australia "da m& cua cho mgt sd logi qud nong sdn cua Viet Nam, luy nhiin, vdn di quan tdm hiin nciy la ldm the ndo de xudt khdu dugc tdm tuoi nguyen con ciia
Viet Nam sang thi tru&ng ndy " ' '
Mdt thanh cdng Idn cua ndng nghiSp Viet Nam Id da md rpng dupe thi trudng tieu thu fren todn the gidi, ngoai nhiing thj trudng khd tinh nhu Hoa Ky, EU, Nhdt Ban thi ndng sdn nudc ta da cd mat d rdt nhieu quoe gia thugc cac chdu luc kbdc nhau fren t h i gidi. Day la mdt ket qua dang ghi nhan trong sy no lue cua
he thdng doanh nghiep xudt khdu ndi rieng va cd nude ndi chung.
Ket luan
Mac dil nhihig con sd thdng ke cho thdy, xuat khau ndng san eiia Viet Nam da va dang dat dupe nhiing ket qud quan frpng. Nhung ben canh do van ton tai nhiing ban ehe: ndng lue canh tranh ciia hang hda ndng san edn yiu, chua xdy dyng dupe thuong hieu rieng hay gia tri gia tang thu dupe cdn nhd be; ehu yiu van Id xuat khau thd hoac gia edng ehe bien cho ddi tdc nuoc ngoai; ndng san nude ta khi ra thi trudng the gidi cdn gap khd khan frong viec vupt qua rao can hang rao ky thuat thuong mai cua cac thi trudng nhap khau, dac biet la Hoa Ky, Nhdt Ban va EU. Tuy vay, nhiing nam gdn day, dac biet sau khi gia nhap WTO, nganh ndng nghiep ndi chung, xuat khau ndng sdn ndi rieng da ghi nhan nhiing thanh tyu quan trpng, gdp phan thiic day tang trudng kinh te va thu ve cho nude nha ngay mdt lupng ngoai te ddng ke.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Dang Dinh Dao, Vu Thi Minh Loan (2010), Kinh te Viet Nam ba ndm gia nhdp To chuc Thuang mai thi gi&i (2007 - 2009), Nxb.
Dai hgc Kinhte quoc ddn, tr.I05-137.
2. Dinh Van Thdnh (2010), Tdng cudng ndng luc tham gia cua hdng nong sdn vdo chuoi gid tri todn cdu trong dieu kien hiin nay & Viet Nam, Nxb. Cdng thuong, tr, 135-151,
3. Ng6 Thj Tuylt Mai (2011), Phdt triin bin vdng hdng ndng sdn xudi khdu ctia Viet Nam
'" Kh^nh Ljnh, Ngdnh Ndng nghidp sau 40 ndm thing nhdt: Xudt khdu ndng sdn igt vdo 'lop' ddu, http://thoibaotaichinhvietnam.vn, ngiy truy cap 28/4/2018.
" Nguyin Hanh, Xudt khdu ndng sdn Viet Nam ndm 2017 dat 36,37 ly USD, http://baochinhphu.vn, ng^y truy cap 27/4/2018.
Nghien ciiu An Do va Chdu A. So 7 - 2018 trong dieu kien hien nay, Nxb. Chinh tri quoc gia,
tr.29-36.
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40, ngay truy cap 30/4/2018.
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11. PV Bdo Binh Phudc, Warn 207(5xud/
khdu hgt diiu ldng tru&ng mgnh,
http://www,vinacas,com,vn/index,php?route=co mmon/news/details&news_id-l 358, truy cap ngdy 30/04/2018.
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14. PV, Xudt khdu go vd sdn phdm go ciia Viet Nam tdnam 2010 din 2014, http://vietnamexport.com/xuat-khau-go-va-san- pham-go-cua-viet-nam-tu-nam-2010-den- 2014/vn2524119,html, ngay truy cap 28/04/2018.
15. Tdng cue thong ke,
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