'1UCJ.1 *_u:u - i r a o doi T^p chf C<kng sAn
RAO CAN PHI THUE QUAN DOI VOI XUAT KHAU HANG HOA CUA VIET NAM
NGUYEN BICH THUY*
Cdc cdng cu chtnh sdch thuffng mgi phi thui quan ngdy cdng duac nhieu nu&c trin thi gi&i su- dung, dgc biit Id cdc nu&c phdt triin, trong do CO nhiiu nu&c la thi tru&ng xudt khdu chinh cua Viet Nam. Chinh vi vgy, rdo cdn phi thui quan co dnh hu&ng l&n din xudt khdu cua Viet Nam. Bin cgnh nhirng tdc dpng tiiu cue ldm gidm sue cgnh tranh cua cdc sdn phdm cua Viet Nam, vdn co nhitng dpng luc khiin doanh nghiip Viet Nam phdi thay ddi di thich ieng v&i yiu cau cua nu&c nhdp khdu vd gidnh thi chu dpng trin thuffng tru&ng. Vuat qua nhiiu thdch thuc, trong nhimg ndm qua, xudt khdu hdng hoa cua VietNam vdn tdng tru&ng'tdt
Thyc tr^ng ap dung rao can phi thu§
quan cua cac nu^c doi vol Viet Nam
Trong khi hdng rdo thud quan dugc dd bo dan, cac nudc lai gia tang rdo cdn phi thud quan (NTM), &^c bipt Id hang rao ky thudt ddi vdi thuang mai, cac bien phap ve sinh dich te, chong trg cap, ehdng pha gia vd ty ve. Vide cae nudc ddt ra rdo edn ky thudt rdt khdt khe la thach thitc ldn ddi vdi xudt khdu ciia Viet Nam. Trong khi thul quan ed muc tidu chinh sdch, cdch thiic thyc hien tuang ddi ro rang vd don gian, myc tieu thyc hidn cua cac NTM I^i kha trim tugng ndn cac nudc (dac bidt cdc nude phat trien, cac nudc cd kinh nghidm trong eac vu franh chap thuang mai) cd thd tan dung de gay khd khan cho viec xuat khau hdng hoa cua Viet Nam.
Hdng xuit khdu eiia Viet Nam chiu tde ddng ciia 44.408 NTM, chilm 72% cua tdng sd hem 67.780 NTM cua thi gidi; frong tdng sd NTM cua Vidt Nam, cd 54% Id cdc rdo cdn ky thudt dli vdi thuang m^i (TBT), 27% thudc bipn phap kilm dich ddng, thyc vat (SPS),... Ty le nay cung tuang ty vdi ty Id sd lugng NTM eiia thd gidi, du ty Id eac bidn phap TBT va SPS cua thi gidi cdn bing ban d Vidt Nam vd s6
luang TBT it ban sd luong SPS, lin luot la 4 0 % v d 4 1 % . ^
Tuy cac so lidu v l NTM eua Hpi nghi Lidn hgp qudc ve thuong mai va phat tridn (UNCTAD) chi niang tinh tham khdo nhung cd the thay mdt sd dae diem sau: 1- Rao can phi thue quan tap trung vdo TBT cua nhdm hang cdng nghiep che bien va SPS ciia nhdm hang ndng san; 2- Hang xudt khdu eua Viet Nara cdn it chiu tac ddng cua cae bieri phap phdng vd thuang raai (PVTM) eua the gidi;
3- Sd lugng NTM ddi vdi hang xudt khdu ciia Viet Nara hdu nhu khdng phu thude vao cac hiep dinh thuang raai ty do (FTA) song phuang md theo tinh hinh chung cua the gidi (sd lieu NTM song phuang va tat ea ede nude la gidng nhau).
Tir lau, eae nude fren thd gidi da sii dung cdng cu PVTM d l bdo vd cdc doanh nghiep (DN) cua minh ddi vdi cac hdnh vi eanh tranh khdng lanh raanh ciia hdng hda nhdp khdu. Trong do giai doan 1995 - 2014, bien phdp chdng ban phd gia la edng cu dugc sii dung nhilu nhit, chidm 88% frong tdng sd
* IS, Truong Dai hpc Thuong mai
Nghien cini - Trao doi T«p chf « n g » ^
Bang 1: S5 lirong N T M ap dung d6i voi hang xufa khiu cua Viet Nam Nhom hang xuat khSu
chu lire Nhom nong san Khoang san
Nhom cong nghiep ch8 bi8n Det may
Giay dep
May moc va thiet bi dien
Rao can ky thuat doi voi thuong raai
6.281 2.564 36.594
1.359 572 5.164
Bi$n phap kilm dich d$ng, thirc vat
12.009 824 9.968 532 125 106
Phong ve thu-ong mai
15 1 3 192
18 2 15
Khac 5.758 1.384 16.612 921 546 1.050 Nguon: Tong hop tu https://trains.unctad.org/
5.432 bien phap PVTM, chong trcr cap: 7%, bien phap tir ve: 5%. Dac biet, trong giai doan suy thoai kinh te, cac quoc gia deu san sang ap dung cac bien phap PVTM bao ve cac nganh cong nghiep noi dia khoi canh tranh nii6c ngoai.
Theo so liSu cua Cue Phong ve thuang mai (B6 Cong Thirong), tmh dSn nam 2019 da co 144 vu, viec PVTM do nuoc ngoai khoi xuoTig di^u tra, ap dung doi voi hang hoa xuat khau ciia Viet Nam (ttong do so lugng vu, viec tang ISn tir sau nam 2012 la tten 10 vu/nam, rieng nam 2018 co 19 vu kien cua cac nuoc dugc khcri xuong). Trong s6 19 vu, viec PVTM cac nuoc dieu tta Viet Nam, c6 10 vu la san phim thep. Dac biet, sau khi My ap dung bien phap han chS nhap khau thep theo Muc 232 Dao luat Mo rgng thuong mai, cac nuoc Lien minh chau Au (EU)^ Tho NhT Ky, Ca-na-da, Lien minh kinh tS A - Au da tu khoi xuong dieu tra tu ve doi voi mgt loat cac san pham thep nhap khau ii bao ve nganh san xuat ttong nuoc truoc nguy co chuyen hucmg thuong mai do cac bien phap cua My. Them vao do, cac nuoc, nhu Ca-na-da, An Do, Thai Lan, Ma-lai- xi-acungdakhoi xuong dieu tta ap dung bien phap chong ban pha gia, chong ttg c4p voi mot s6 san phim thep ciia Viet Nam. Ben canh cac bien phap chSng ban pha gia, ch6ng ttg cap, thep ciing dang la d6i tugng cua nhieu vu, viec diSu tta ch6ng lin ttanh thul. Tinh dgn nay.
hang hoa xuit khiu ciia Viet Nam da bi dieu tta 19 vu, viec ch3ng lit; ttanh thue, trong do CO 8 vu, vi$c lien quan dfa san phim sat, thep.
KSt qui cua cac ttanh chap thuong mai rit da dang, co nhiSu ttuong hgp nguyen don nit don iden do s6 lugng nhap khiu qua thap, kk luan khong c6 pha gia, co quan dieu tta ra quySt dinh dinh chi d i k tra do khong co thiet hai d6i voi nganh san xuit ngi dia, khong ap dun^ thuS chong ban pha gia/thufi d6i khang/
thue hi ve ddi voi hang Viet Nam do cac dieu kien ap dung khong thoa man, hoac khong thiet hai dang kh... Tuy nhien, ciing co truong hgp hang xuat khiu ciia Viet Nam bi ket luan bien dg ban pha gia, ap dung mirc thue chong ban pha gia va chong ttg cap, dien hinh la vu My ap thue chcng pha gia len ca basa va chong ttg cap len torn nuoc am.
Nhin chung, s6 lugng NTM theo doi tac song phucmg it hon rit nhiSu so vdi doi tac da phucmg. P'd song phucmg, MJ, Niu Di-lan va Han Qu6c la cac nuoc thuoc cac khu vuc BSc M^, chau Dai Duong, chau A co nhieu NTM nhit d6i vol liang xuat khiu cua Viet Nam, tap ttung vao bien phap SPS; ve da phirong, Trung Qu6c, My, Niu Di-lan, 6-xttay-li-a, Ca-na-da, Thai Lan la nhiing qu6c gia noi bit ttmg cac khu vuc duoc neu ttong bang 2 co so lugng NTM idn ddi vdi cac nudc va Viet Nam. t u y nhien, s6 lugng TBT chiem uu the hon so vdi sd luong SPS, ttii Thai Lan. Sd lugng cac bien
54 So 938 (thang 3 nam 2020)
1 i_uu - i i d U doi T(ip chf Cdng s d n
Bfing 2: Sd lugng NTM ddi vdi Viet Nam phan theo khu vuc
t)k t k Song phucmg
Da phirong
NTM SPS TBT PVTM Khac SPS TBT PVTM Khac
Chiu Phi
26 3 0 26 1.073 1.257 6 1.090
Chau A 205
71 16 125 3.528 9.668 82 3.305
ChSuAu
38 65 6 235 325 899 6 369
My La-tinh
147 6 9 39 3.194 5.112 51 1.519
Trung S6ng
34 20 0 41 942 1.060
0 810
BScMJ 712
25 11 75 2.159 3.817 11 406
ChSu Dai Duong
208 7 1 6 1.057 2.468 1 572 Nguon: Tdng hgp tu https://trains.unctad.org/
phap PVTM tdp trung vdo cac vu, vide song phuong ciia My vdi Viet Nam.
T^c ddng,cua,rao can phi thue quan d§n*xu^t khau cua Viet Nam
Bao hp thuang mgi khiin xudt khdu cua Viet Nam bi gidm sut hodc khdng gia tdng nhu l^vpng
Vidt Nam ehua cd nhidu kinh nghidm dd doi phd vdi cde vu tranh chdp thuong mai, dae biet cac tranh chdp thuong mai hidn nay doi hoi cac ben Udn quan phai ed su am hieu ve lu^t thuong m^i, cac nguyen tie thuong m^i, Cac an Id; kha nang kidm dinh, giam dinh san pham con ban che vd gid thanh kiem dinh, giam djnh eao khidn eho san phdm ciia cdc DN VietNam gap nhidu khd khan trong viec vugt qua cac rdo can ky thu^t. Thdm vao do, DN Viet Nam chua ndm ro thdng tin vd cdc bien phdp bdo ho thuong mai eua cdc qudc gia nhdp khdu vdi nhiing quy dinh khdt khe, tinh vi va ludn dugc thay ddi, bd sung; trong khi didu kidn thuc hidn dap iing cae rao can thuang mai ciia Vidt Nam cdn rdt kem, bdo hO thuong mai thuc su Id thach thiic idn vdi xuit khiu cua Viet Nam. Mac du Vi?t Nam CO ngudn lao ddng ddi dao nhung sd lugng lao dpng cd tay nghd cao lai rdt it vd hidn nay,
dang cd sy: chuyen dich lao dgng ldn, do miic tien luong edng nhdn qud thdp (chang h ^ nhu ngdnh ddt may, da gidy). Ve trang thidt bi cdng nghe, eho dii cdc DN VietNam trong thdi gian gdn day da chii trong ddu tu ttang thidt bi, mdy mdc hien dai, song nhin ehung so vdi mdt sd nudc khae cung khu vuc, trinh do cdng nghe eua DN nudc ta cdn chua cao. Bdn canh do, phan ldn nguydn lieu deu phdi nhap khdu, j)hu thude vao thj trudng nudc ngoai ddn den hidu qua sdn xudt, kinh doanh - xuat khdu ciia Viet Nara chua eao. Ddi vdi hang det may, nguyen lieu chu ydu nhdp tir Trung Qude (khoang 24%), Han Qudc (chidm 23%) vd Nhdt Bdn/chidm 8,89%)...,
Mae dli sd lugng cac vu dieu tra lien quan ddn PVTM teen thd gidi ngdy cang giam, song ddi vdi hang hda Viet Nam lai ed xu hudng gia tang. Thud PVTM la diud nhap khdu bo sung.
Do dd, vide bi dp thud se din tdi gid xudt khau hdng hda bj dp thud hi Viet Nam tang len ddng kd, ldm gidm siic canh tranh ciia hdng nhdp khdu hi Viet Nam so vdi hang hda nhdp khau tir cac thi trudng khdng bi dp thud khac. He qud la cac nlia nhdp khdu d nude dp thud eo the se chuydn hudng nhdp khdu hi cac nude khdng bi ap thud khde, ddn tdi kim ngach xudt khdu cua Viet Nam bi gidm siit, thi phdn bi thu hep va
Nghien a m - Trao doi Tnp chi c a n g s d n
DN xudt khdu Viet Nam ddi mat vdi nii ro ed thd mdt thi tnidng xudt khdu. Thdm chi, ngay cd khi vu, viec chua ddn ddn kdt luan ap thud (mdi ehi d giai doan khdi xudng didu tra), cac nhd nhdp khdu cd thd ed tam ly e ngai khi nhap khdu hang tu Viet Nam khidn cho cac don hang bi giam siit. Trong trudng hgp kha quan, khi bi dp dung bidn phap PVTM, ede DN vdn cd thd gJEun chi phi sdn xuat, tu do gidm gia xudt khiu nham tiep tue xudt khau vao nudc nhdp khau (tu^dieu chinh vd thich nghi). Tuy nhidn, xuat khau cd the khdng gia tang nhu k^ vpng (bang vdi miie khdng bi ap dung bidn phap PVTM), hay ndi each khae, bien phap PVTM ldm kim tdc dp jgia tang xudt khau.
Thdng kd cho thdy, mdi nam cbiing ta thiet hai ban 14 trieu USD do hang xudt khau bi trd lai. Vu kidn ehdng pha gia ca basa xuat khau vdo thi trudng My keo dai 17 nam, vdi 14 lan ra soat thud. Trong giai doan 2002 - 2007, Viet Nam lien tue bi ap miie thue chdng pha gia chung rdt cao 63,88% va dp miic thud cho bi don tu nguyen d rniic 47,02% (giai doan 2002 - 2005), khidn xuat khau ca basa lao dao, gia ca gidm manh, nhidu hd ddn bd nudi ed basa.
Tuy nhiing ndm gdn day, xuat, khau ca basa da phuc hdi trd lai, nhung nhieu hd ddn vdn khdng quay trd lai san xudt do khdng cdn vdn, do thidu nidm tm vdo thi trudng, vdo su ho trg ciia cdc ben lien quan, nhu Hiep hoi Che bidn va xudt khdu thuy sdn, chmh quyen dia phuang, cde DN xudt khau.^
Viic tham gia gidi quyet cdc vu kien bdo hp thirong mgi ldm tdng chiphixudt khdu cua doanh nghiip.
Cac san phdm cua Viet Nam, bi dieu tra PVTM kha da dang, tap trung nhidu d cac san pham kim loai (thep, nhdm); ndng, thiiy sdn (tdm, ed tra) va sgi. Vd thi trudng khdi xudng dieu tra, dp dung bien phap PVTM vdi hang hda xudt khdu eua Viet Nam, dung ddu la My vdi 27 vu, vide; tiep theo la Thd Nhi Ky vdi 20 vu, vide; An Dd: 17 vu,_^viec; EU: 14 vu, vide;
Ca-na-da: 11 vu, viec; 0-xtray-li-a: 9 vu, vide;
dac biet Hiep hpi cac qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN) da dieu tra chiing ta 24 vu, vide, cdn lai Id mpt sd thi hirdng khde.
Mdt sd bidn phap PVTM keo dai hang chyc nam, keo theo ehi phi theo dudi vy viec ton kem. Vdi thdi gian keo dai, thuc tien eac vy kidn PVTM cho thdy, DN ehiu nhieu chi phi vd thidt hai vd thdi gian. Vi du, chl ^ ^ f j ^ ^ hardng My, vu kien ed tta, basa (nam 2002), tieu ton hon 800.000 USD; vu kien torn (nam 2003), tieu tdn gdn 3 ttieu USD va vu kipn gidy mil da (nam 2006) tai thi tnrdng EU, uoc tinh tieu ton gdn 4 ttieu USD. Viee theo duoi ede vu kien thuang mai ttong thdi gian dai lam anh hudng nghidm ttong ddn su on dinh trong san xudt, xudt khiu cua DN. Ve lau dai, DN kho CO thd dua ra mot chiin lupc xudt khau ddi han. Trudc mdt, lam anh hudng den nguon luc ciia DN, gia tang ehi phi, bat on ttong sdn xudt, xudt khdu. Ngay khi vu, viec PVTM dugc khdi xudng, cae DN xudt khdu Viet Nam da phai ddi mat vdi viee dao ldn va thay ddi kd hoach kinh doanh, ddu tu san xudt, ehien luge mat hang ciia DN minh dh dap iing vdi nhiing thay ddi mdi ciia thi ttudng xuit khdu. Trong bdi canh do, vide chuydn sang thi trudng xudt khdu khac ciing se gap khd khan hon vi cdc kbdeh hang tai thi ttudng xudt khdu mdi cd the lpi dyng vu viec didu tta PVTM dd ep gia hoac dp ddt nhirng didu khoan, didu kidn khdng cd lgi ciio eae DN xuit khdu Viet Nam
Thdng thudng mot vy, viec didu tta thuong mai thudng keo dai trung binh 12 thdng va eo thd gia ban tdi 18 thdng, sau dd DN edn phdi ddi phd vdi nhieu lan ra soat thud va thdi gian dp thud tning phat co the keo dai 5 ndm, 10 nam, thdm chi ddn 20 nam. Nhu vdy, ehi phi vd ngudn luc md DN phdi bd ra dd theo dudi vy vide, nhu 1- Chi phi dich thudt tdi lieu:
Td chiic Thuong mai thd gidi (WTO) khdng cd quy dinh vd ngdn ngii ehung, bat bupc su dung ttong cdc vu, vide didu tta thuang mai md phu thudc vdo quydn dinh doa,t ciia mdi qude gia. Cdc DN se phdi mat thdi gian, chi phi dd dieh cdc tdi lieu m^a ca quan didu tta gui tir ngdn ngii gdc sang tieng V^dt va ngugc lai.
Thdng thudng cac nude uu tien sii dung tidng Anh hoac ngdn ngii ciia nude sd tai; 2- Chi phi thue lugt su tu vdm Thdng thudngdd vy, vide dat dupe hieu qud, DN dugc khuydn nghi
56 So 938 (thang 3 nam 2020)
ivgjill J d o i T^p chl C p n g s d n
nSn thue ludt su tu van dd hd ttp vide khang ki?n. Luat su thucmg se nam ro quy dinh, thu tuc vd thdng Id didu tra ciia nudc nhap khdu, each thiic thu thdp sd lieu theo yeu cau ciia ca quan didu tta, xdy dung lap luan phan bidn...
Diiu nay hd ttp ddng ke ddi vdi ket qua ciia vu viee, gdp phdn gidm thieu miic thud hodc giiip DN thoat khdi vu, viec ma khdng bi dp thue. Tuy nhien, chi phi nay thudng khd cao va chidm phdn ldn trong chi phi xu ly vu, vide cuaDN. Dac biet, ddi vdi cae DN vira va nhd, thudng it khi du tni san mot Idioan kinh phi rieng danh cho eae vu, vide khieu kien thuang mai; 3- Cdc chi phi dinh tinh, chi phi ddnh ddi cua DN: khd cd thd lupng hda hdt dugc, nhu chi phi tap ttung xir ly vu, vide lam gidm hieu suit boat dpng, viec DN nam ttong ddi tugng bi dieu tta cd thd dan tdi viec cae don hdng cua DN gidm siit do nha nhdp khdu e ngai vd kha nang DNbiap thue.
Hien nay, vdi xu thd bdo hd dang gia tang, mpt sd nude dang tang cudng dp dung cac bien phap ky thudt, nhu ttr khdi xudng didu tta, thay ddi phuang phap tinh todn, thay ddi thdng Id didu tta de bdo hp d mue cao cho cac nganh san xuit ttong nude, ddn tdi nhieu diln bidn khd ludng. Ddi vdi hang hda da bi ap dung thud ehdng ban pha gia hoae chdng ttp cdp, thanh vidn dp dung bidn phdp cd thd se theo ddi xu hudng dieh ehuyen sdn xudt vd thuang mai sang cac nudc lan can dd ngan chan eac hanh vi lin ttdnh. Tir thdng 2-2018, flie^ Viet Nam xuit khdu cd ngudn gdc Trung Quoc chiu miic tiiud ky lyc ehdng ttg cap vd chdng ban pha gid Id 522%, trong khi thep chdng an mdn "Viet Nam san xuit tir phdi thep Trung Qude se phdi chiu miic thud 238% vi bi cho rang, vide nhdp khiu cde san pham thep nay la hdnh vi ne ttdnh lenh chdng ban phd gid va chdng ttg edp eiia My (AD/CVD) dp dung ddi vdi thep CORE vd thep can ngudi nhap khau tii Trung Qudc.
Sdn phdm xudt khdu cua Viet Nam cd^ khd ndng bi lain d at theo hieu ieng ddy chuyen.
Hien nay, sd lugng ede bien phap bao hd thuong m^i th\rc hien tten toan eau da tang gip 2,5 lin so vdi nam 2010. Mot du bdo
khde ddng chu y Id cdc vy kien thuang mai ddi vdi Viet Nam tai ede thi trudng cd truyen thdng ua chudng sii dung bidn phap PVTM, nhu EU, My eo ehieu hudng giam di hoae giil nguyen trong khi eac ttanh chdp thuang mai nhu vay cd xu hudng gia tang tai cdc nudc dang phat trien, nhu Bra-xin, Ma-lai- xi-a. Thai Lan, An Dp, Ai Cap,... do xuat khdu eua Viet Nam cd tdc dp tang trudng khd cao (khodng ^20%/nam), xep ^ hang 39/260 nudc xuit khdu nhieu nhdt thd gidi; cd tinh tap trung cao ve thi trudng. _
Cde ehudi gid tri san xuat toan cdu dang ngdy cdng dugc md rdng va lien ket nhieu qudc gia vdi nhau tac dpng den cdc bidn phap PVTM. Vi thd, ede vy" kien vd PVTM phdt sinh nhung xu hudng mdi nhu kien chiim, kien chdng lan ttdnh thue, Iden kep,... ldm gia tang sd luong cac vu kien ve PVTM.
Thuc td cho thdy, sdn phdm bi khdi kidn ngay edng da dang, trudc ddy chi mat hang CO kim ngach ldn, nhu tiiuy sdn, da giay, nhung hien nay, ngay ed nhiing mat hdng ed kim ngach chi vai chyc trieu USD (nhu Id xo, giudng ngu,...) ciing phdi ddi mat vdi cde ttanh chip thuang mai. Trong vy kien ve mat hang tlii nhua PE, My ddng thdi kien ca ehdng ban pha gid va chdng tto edp. Vy vide nay co nguy ca ttd thdnh mdt tien le xdu ddi vdi cdc hang hda xuit khiu ciia Viet Nam vdo thi trudng rdng 16^ nay Ben canh do, hien tugng PVTM qudc td theo hidu iing "dd-mi-nd", hieu iing cdng gop (cdng thi phdn hdng hoa cua mdt nhdm nudc xuat khau dd khdi kidn) pung ddng lo ngai. Day Id hinh thire chidm da sd ttong cde vu ttanh chip thuang mai vdi Viet Nam. Ly do khidn cac vu kidn PVTM doi vdi Viet Nam cd tiid tidp hac gia tang ttong thdi gian tdi la phdn ldn cdc ddi tdc thuong mai vln xem Viet Nam la ndn kinh tdphi thi trudng (NME). Didu nay thudng dan den kdt qua la bien dp pha gid eao hon, cae ben tham gia qua ttinh didu tra phai bd them nhidu edng siic va ehi phi. Gdn ddy, mdt sd nudc, ddc bidt la cdc nude phdt tiien dang cd gdng tao ra nhung rao edn mdi gan vdi mdi trudng vd tidu ehuan lao ddng de ban chd nhap khdu.
Nghien cuu - Trao doi T«ip chl Cpn^san
Tinh hinh dieu tta cdc vu, vide PyTM ttong nam 2019 vd du bdo cde ndm tidp theo cd thd van dien bien phiic tap vd cd nguy ea gia tdng, anh hudng den cac doaiih nghiep xudt khdu. Pham vi san pham co the khdng bi gidi han ma md rdng ra nhidu sdn phdm ciing mot vu, vide; Pham vi cac nudc/vimg lanh thd hi dnh hudng cd the hi md rdng ttong cimg mdt vy, viec,; Tang eudng sir dung cdc bidn phdp phi truyen thdng, bidn phdp mang tinh bao hd khac ngodi PVTM; Thay ddi ttong each thiic, phuong phap dieu tra vy, vide PVTM theo hudng khd khan, phirc tap hon. Nghi vidn chdu Au se tdng cudng ra soat chinh sach ciia Uy ban chdu Au (EC) lien quan tdi PVTM.
Chinh phil My yeu edu cde sdn phdm thuy, hdi san nhdp khdu vao nude nay phdi cd nhan ehiing minh ngudn gdc, qua ttinh san xuat, chd bidn, phdi cd ma sd DUNS (ma sd nhdn dang DN duy nhat ttdn toan edu) vd ttao ddi dir lieu didn tir (EDI).
Tdm laij thdch thiic vdi xuat khdu ciia Viet Nam cdn rat ldn khi ma Viet Nam_ chua gianh dugc the chii dpng ttong xudt khau hang hda ca vd thi trudng, san pham, cdng nghd sdn xuat...
D I han che tac dong ,tieu qyc cua rao can phi thue quan den xuSt khau cua Vift Nam
Thdi gian tdi, kinh td Viet Nam du kien ddi mat vdi nhieu yeu td bat dinh ban tir mdi trudng kinh td the gidi, nhu 1- Cudc ehien thuong mai My - Trung CJudc se tdc ddng ddn vide ehuydn hudng xuat, nhdp khdu hdng hda; nguy co ldn ttanh xuat xii hdng hda ciia mpt sd nudc vao Viet Nam; thay ddi ehudi eung img; thay ddi ddng vdn ddu tu; 2- Vide tham gia cac FTA the he mdi, nhu Hiep dinh Ddi tac Todn didn vd Tidn bp xuydn Thdi Binh Duong (CPTPP), Hiep dinh Thuang mai tu do giua Viet Nam vd Lien minh chdu Au (EVFTA),... vdi ydu cdu cao hon trong thyc thi ede eam kdt qudc te ma khdng con dugc hudng eae uu dai dae thu cho giai doan ehuydn ddi nhu trudc; 3- Cudc Cdch mang cdng nghiep lin thii tu budc eae nudc dang
theo dudi chidn lupc phat tridn kinh td dy-a vdo xudt khdu vd ngudn vdn dau tu nuac ngodi phai cd nhiing didu chinh ttong chmh sach phdt trien kinh te... -
Dd ban chd tac ddng tidu cue cua NMT den xuit khdu eiia Viet Nam, mot sd giai phap sau ndn dugc xem la nhirng viee cdn lam ngay:_^
Thit nhdt, phdi hgp giOa eac bp trong vipc dua npi dung thdo go rao cdn thi trudng vao cac phien hpp ciia cac uy ban Hen chinh phu vdi cac nudc; ehu ddng neu vdn de TBT tai cde didn dan khu vuc', nhu ASEAN, Didn dan Hpp tde kinh td chdu A - Thai Binh Duong (APEC) va didn ddn da phuong (WTO); day manh viec tham gia vd thuc hien cdc thu tuc vd thiic ddy thuan lpi hda thuang mai, nhu tang cudng ky kdt cdc thda thuan hgp tae hoac cong nhan ldn nhau ve tieu ehuan, quy trinh kidm tta giua cac co quan chiie nang cua Viet Nam va cde nudc ddi tdc cd FTA;
giam bdt cdc thil tyc hdi quan.
Thu hai, tang cudng cdng tae nghidn cim, du bdo, cdnh bdo ddi vdi cac bidn phdp PVTM dp dung ldn hang hda xudt khau cua Viet Nam. Lua chpn mdt sd mat hang tidm nang dd thidt kd va thye hidn cac chuong trinh xiic tidn thuang mai rieng eho nhung mat hang ndy vao cdc thi trudng.
Thu ba, hd ttg cac DN ve thdng tin {hieang tan dung vet each tan dung uu dai FTA, nhdt let ve quy tdc xudt xu va bien phdp de dap ieng quy tdc xudt xu) va each phdng ttdnh, xii Iy cdc ttanh chdp thucmg mai, nhu kidn ban phd gid; nang cao nhdn thiic vd PVTM ddi vdi ede hiep hdi, DN. Tap ttung gidi quydt CO hidu qud eac vy kidn chdng ban pha gid, chdng ttg cdp rna cdc nudc dang tidn hanh ddi vdi hang xudt khiu.
Thir tir, uu tien nhdp khiu may mdc, thidt bi, vat tu ddu vao duge tao ra tir edng nghd cao, cdng nghd tien tidn, hang hda ttong nudc ehua sdn xuit dugc; tridn khai tieh cue Di dn ca cdu lgi cdc ngdnh cdng nghiep de timg budc tao ra nhttng sdn phdm cd thuang hieu qudc gia va cd sire eanh ttanh ttdn thi trudng khu vue vd thd gidi, tham gia sdu ban ttong chudi gia tri todn cau. Q
58 S6 938 (thang 3 nam 2020)
