KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE Q
Phien ban mdi nang cap,
the he thiT 5 cua luabin khf 7 n
D
e khang djnh phien b i n mdi 7FA.05, the he thU 5 cua tuabin khf 7FA se san sang xui't xudng vao n i m 2012, b i o c i o cua hang GE eho biet hien gid phan Idn cdng t i c thd nghiem d cap bd p h i n hpp t h i n h da dugc thue hien va viee h o i n t i t du kien vao gida nam 2010. Thie't ke ky thuat chi tiet cua d i n thd da hoan t h i n h v i viec che tao d i n thU nay dang tien trien tdt.Cd nhieu k h i nang la nhdng chiec d i u tien trong sd cic tuabin mdi n i y se dupc l i p dat tai n h i m i y dien Oakley d bang California, dU kien se dugc dua v i o van hanh n i m 2014.
Y tudng CO b i n eua tuabin khf 7FA "the he thU 5" dUgc n i n g cap la
Tuabin khi 7FA.05 la phien ban mdi nang cap, the he 5 cua tuabin khi 7FA cua hang General Electric (GE) nham nang cao cong
suat, hieu suat, tinh linh hoat va do kha dung tot hdn. Cac to may 7FA.05 dau tien du kien se xuat xUdng vao nam 2012.
d i m b i o edng suit va hieu suit cao hon so vdi cic m i y trUde diy, "trong khi dd van duy tri dugc dp tin cay, dp k h i dung v i dp linh hoat trong van hanh nhu yeu c i u cua cic nha sin xui't dien de dat duoc doanh thu eao
hon khi van hanh theo chu ky va phu dinh", theo nhU p h i t bieu cua GE, ke c i dp k h i dung cao can thie't de dat dupc doanh thu nhieu n h i t cd the t d viec chio cac djch vu phu trp.
Cdng suat cao hon va khdi dong nhanh hon
6 cac dieu kien ISO, cdng suit cua tuabin khf chu trinh don da dat tdi khoing 211 MW, tdc la cao hon khoang 36 MW so vdi tuabin khi 7FA hien nay, trong khi mat bang chiem chd ve cO b i n van gid nguyen nhu tuabin trudc day. Trong cau hinh tuabin khi chu trinh hdn hpp 207FA, cdng suit ra cua td m i y se v i o khoing 627 MW, cung d dieu kien ISO, tUe la t i n g them 98 MW so vdi tuabin khi 7FA hien nay trong
Dfy nh6m ti6n khing ho^c s i ^ khing nhi^t
(TALho^c ZTAL)
Diy nh6m thang khing h o ^ site khing nhi^t
(TALho^cZTAL)
Mdchju nhi^ d^ cao
L6i t h ^ bpc nh6m,sik hitk cao (ACS)
Dien d: D&i song 17
S KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE
cung eau hinh tuabin khi ehu trinh hon hpp. Hieu suit theo ISO d i tang tdi gan 38,5% cho chu trinh dOn va khoing 57,5% trong ehu trinh hon hpp 207FA, trong eic dieu kien ISO va sddung t h i p lam m i t .
Cic d i e diem van hanh bao gdm:
Khdi ddng nhanh (khoing 75% cdng suit trong 10 phut); t i n g nhanh cdng suit (+40 MW trong 1 phut); tang k h i n i n g van hanh d edng suit thap (+21 MW); lap dat them cic cinh hUdng stato dieu chinh dupe; va tang them k h i nang khdi ddng nhanh (-1-23 MW).
Tuabin khi mdi niy se cd dieu kien hudng lpi t d hai de xuit edng nghe hien nay eua h i n g GE la "Khdi ddng tuabin khf trong 10 phut" va
"Chu trinh hdn hpp dap Ung nhanh".
Khdi ddng tuabin khi trong 10 phut l i sU ket hpp gida t i n g tdc v i tang phu t i i nhanh hon vdi phuong p h i p xa sach (purge) thue hien nhiem vu x i sach trong qua trinh t i t m i y va duy tri viec x i sach cho den lan khdi ddng tiep theo. Viec ket hpp cic die diem n i y cd the cho phep g i i m thdi gian khdi ddng khoing 1 /3 so vdi thdi gian khdi ddng truyen thdng. D i p Ung nhanh eua chu trinh hdn hpp l i mdt CO che de g i i m thdi gian khdi ddng d phuong thUe chu trinh hdn hpp. Phuong p h i p ep b i n la t i c h rdi ve mat nhiet ddng hpc tuabin khi khdi chu trinh diy, do dd eho phep tuabin khi khdi ddng, khdng can dpi Id sinh hPi thu hdi nhiet (heat recovery steam generator - HRSG) v i tuabin hoi ndng len. Theo h i n g GE thi "ci hai yeu td khdi ddng nhanh v i d i p Ung nhanh deu lam g i i m d i n g ke thdi gian khdi ddng, lupng p h i t t h i i trong q u i trinh khdi ddng v i ehi phi nhien lieu cho khdi ddng".
Ddi vdi tuabin khi mdi 71A.05 nay, yeu cau thuan tien trong b i o tri dat dugc nhd k h i n i n g thay the cinh tuabin trong dieu kien hien trUdng d i ngoai (xUdng tam), edng t i c k h i m nghiem thuan tien hon, va dd tim nhdng bat thudng theo phuong phap ehan d o i n .
Ve van de p h i t t h i i khf dpc hai v i o khf quyen, tuabin khf mdi nay se
gid p h i t t h i i NOX v i CO d mUc mdt eon sd (xem b i n g dd lieu), g i i m mat dp phat t h i i (kg/MBtu), v i g i i m d i n g ke lupng NOx v i CO cho moi lan khdi ddng (90% trong chu trinh hdn hpp va 47% trong chu trinh don).
Tuabin khi mdi nay i p dung mdt sd cdng nghe da dUpc chUng minh d eic tuabin khi khac cua GE v i p h i t huy ddi vdi Ung dung tuabin khf 7FA niy.
Tien bd cdng nghe ehu chdt cho phep nang cao cdng suat la ve m i y nen khi, dUpc lay mau tU cic m i y nen khi cua cic tuabin khi che dp lam viec nang da dupe thd t h i c h eua GE.
Hieu suit dupc cii thien l i nhd cac c i i tien ve tuyen khi ndng da dupc chUng minh qua thUe te nang cao cdng suit cac tuabin khi 7FA dang van hanh. Tuabin khi 7FA.05 se tiep tuc sd dung budng ddt kieu DLN 2.6 da dupc thd t h i c h qua 15 trieu gid van hanh va 405.000 l i n khdi ddng cua t i p hpp cic tuabin khi eua GE sd dung loai budng dot niy.
Tuabin khi 7FA so sinh ra sao vdi loai tuabin khi FB mdi dUa vao khai t h i e cich d i y v i i nam nhu mdt phien b i n tien tien eua FA vdi nhiet dp ddt cao hon v i mdt sd cdng nghe dugc l i y ra tU tuabin c i u true H? Theo GE thi "phien b i n hien nay cua tuabin khi 7FA (the he thU4) da sd dung mdt sd edng nghe tdt n h i t cua 7FB, v i cd the so sinh dugc ve mat edng suit ra va hieu suit khi sd dung nhien lieu la khi tU nhien.
Tuabin khi mdi 7FA (the he thU 5) se n i n g them cdng suit nhd nhdng c i i tien trong m i y nen khi. Tuabin khf FB dugc GE thiet ke de sd dung Uu tien eho tuabin khf chu trinh hdn hpp vdi khi hda than tich hpp (integrated gasification combined cycle IGCC) va theo ke hoach se dupc b i n d dang tuabin ddt khf tong hpp (syngas) van hanh d t i n sd 60 Hz.
Tuabin khf 7FA mdi se dijng cic vat lieu tien tien d i dupc sd dung trong tuabin khf FB nhung van h i n h d cic dieu kien it khac nghiet hon (nhiet dp ddt thap hpn) nen se Iiu ben hon.
Tuabin khi 7FA mdi n h i m vao thj trudng cic khu vUc sd dung tan sd 60 Hz, eu the la c h i u My La Tinh, A rap Saudi, Nhit Bin, Dai Loan, Hin Quoc v i dUPng nhien l i Bie My ma nhu da ndi d tren l i nPi cic td m i y tuabin khf 7FA d i u tien ed nhieu k h i nang se dugc trien khai.
Hang GE lUu y rang "phit dien d Bic My chu yeu l i van hanh theo chu ky, v i tinh hinh theo du kien se tiep tuc nhu vay". GE khang djnh
"tuabin khf 7FAda td ra hetsUcedgia tri trong td hpp tuabin khf ehu trinh hdn hpp va tuabin khf 7FA mdi nay dupe du kien se tiep tue xu the dd.
Hpn nUa, tinh linh hoat cua tuabin 7FA mdi se mang lai g i i trj dang ke cho cic khich h i n g van hanh nha m i y dien vdi eic phuong thUe van hanh da dang trong cic khu vUc tan sd 60 Hz tren toan the gidi."
GE van chua thdng bao ke hoaeh eu the ve phien b i n tuabin khf FA mdi tUong duong sd dung d tan sd 50 Hz (kieu 9FA) nhUng ndi rang
"hp lien tuc trien khai eii tien eic sin pham v i djch vu eua hp, dinh gia nhu c i u cua khach h i n g trong ITnh vUc hp phuc vu."
Mdy nen khi cdi tien
Nhu d i neu d tren, miy nen khi l i b d p h i n eua tuabin khf the he thuf 5 dupc i p dung nhdng tien bd ky thuat chu yeu.
Theo h i n g GE, m i y nen khf cua tuabin khi mdi FA "phit huy cac dng dung thue tien cua ddng co may bay v i kinh nghiem ve cic tuabin khf che dp l i m viec n i n g cua GE."
M i y nen khf cd 14 tang va mpt h i n g c i n h hudng dau vao va ba t i n g c i n h hudng p h i n tTnh thay doi dugc tren ba tang dau tien. Cic canh hudng cd dang hinh hpc thay doi lam t i n g tfnh linh hoat trong van hanh.
May nen khf cung ket hpp mpt sd d i e tfnh nham n i n g cao khi nang b i o tri, cu the nhu cic cinh tinh va ddng cd the thay the dugc d dieu kien da ngoai, dng sol cd vung quan s i t rpng hon va cd he thdng theo doi tinh trang c i n h tuabin khf.
18 Dien d^ D&i song
Hing GE khang djnh rang "miy nen khf se p h i i trai qua qua trinh thd nghiem nghiem ngat theo quy trinh eua GE ve dUa sin pham mdi v i o i p dung."
Cdng t i c thiet ke ky thuat se dugc thUe hien ehu yeu tai Trung t i m thie't ke tuabin khi eua GE tai Greenville (bang Nam Carolina). Viec thd nghiem cic bd p h i n hpp thanh va cic he thdng nhd se dupc tien hanh song song vdi cac nd lUc tren. Miy nen khi hoan chinh se dugc xie n h i n bude dau qua mdt chuoi cie thd nghiem tai d i n thd xac nhin m i y nen khf, tiep theo dd eac thd nghiem d i y t i i d tdc dp toan phan ddi vdi tuabin khf 7FA hoin chinh.
Cic thd nghiem tai dan thd xac n h i n m i y nen khi v i eic t h d nghiem day t i i d tdc dp toan phan se dupc tien hanh tai cdng trinh mdi dang dugc xiy dung tai co sd cua GE tai Greenville. Thd nghiem xac nhan se dupc tien hanh trudc khi td may dau tien dugc van chuyen di.
Nhu da neu trong tap ehi "Modern Power Systems" sd t h i n g 3/2009, hien tUpng nut cinh miy nen khi RO la v i n de die biet ddi vdi cic tuabin khf FA hien hanh. NhUng hing GE van dam b i o rang, theo dd lieu ve do khi dung cua ben thd ba la ORAP (operational reliability analysis program - chUOng trinh p h i n tfch dp tin cay van hanh), "may nen khi cua tuabin khf 7FA ddng dau bang ve dp tin ciy".
Tuy nhien, theo nhu GE tuyen bd, "dUa tren kinh nghiem rdng Idn ve tuabin khi 7FA, hang GE d i thUc hien nhieu c i i tien nham n i n g eao hon nda dp tin cay cua bd p h i n nay."
Trong sd nhdng eii tien ve cinh m i y nen khi cd viec sd dung vat lieu khic, md hinh hda khi ddng hoin thien (rut ra t d kinh nghiem cua GE trong nganh hang khdng), d i n h bdng be mat thay vi tao Idp phu.
Thd nghiem
TrUdc khi eung c i p td m i y dau tien cho khich hang, tuabin khf 7FA se t r i i qua mdt chudi cic thd nghiem d c i p bd phan hpp t h i n h , cap he thdng nhd va cap he thdng, ma cudi cCing la thd nghiem day t i i dtdc dp t o i n phan tai cdng trinh thdnghiem het sdc hien dai tai Greenville. Viec thd nghiem niy cho phep GE xie djnh day du die tinh cua tuabin khf FA vupt q u i c i cic dieu kien van hanh thUe te.
Theo du kien, chUPng trinh thd nghiem cu the tai hien trUdng van l i thd nghiem nhu binh thudng van tien h i n h khi nghiem thu n h i m i y dien. Cic to m i y dau se cd chuong trinh theo ddi v i chan d o i n tUxa v i thanh tra qua dng soi dUpe tien hinh trong cic ky ngdng to m i y theo ke hoaeh, dUa tren phUPng thdc van hanh cua khich hing.
Tran Anh Tuan
KHOA HQC - CONG NGHE Q
Dong gop quan tpong
r/^
VE HE THONG QUAT Gid LO HOI
Q
uat gid gay ra mdt sd phu t i i ky sinh Idn n h i t can thie't trong van hinh Id hoi. Tuy nhien cic quat nay (diJng de cung c i p khdng khi cho q u i trinh chiy va sau dd x i khdi t h i i ra ngoii thdng qua he thdng kiem soit d nhiem khdng khf) cd the dupc tdi Uu hda de g i i m yeu cau phu t i i nay. Cie quat nay bao gdm quat gid so cap, quat gid CUdng bdc, quat gid q u i nhiet, quat tuan hoan khdi t h i i va quat hut khdi. Nhieu khi cic quat gid nay hoat ddng kem hieu q u i , ling phi dien ning, ddng thdi g i y ra lUpng cacbon t h i i q u i mUc.Thiet ke tdt he thdng dUdng ong
Tdn t h i t he thdng, khdng ke den tdn t h i t Id hoi v i thiet bj phu eua Id hoi, thudng l i do tdn that i p lUe tdng do ma sit trong dUdng dng, dng khuyu, thay ddi dien tfch mat c i t dudng dng v i tdn that lien quan vdi thiet bj kiem soit p h i t t h i i g i y nen.
Tdn that d mdc dp nhi't djnh l i khdng tranh khdi, tuy nhien, ed the g i i m tdn t h i t xudng nhieu lan bang nhdng sda ddi dPn g i i n v i tUOng ddi re nhU xoay cie cinh hudng, sd dung cic doan dudng dng dupe thie't ke hpp ly hon, d i i hon de p h i n nhinh v i hdi tu ddng khf, thiet ke lai dng khuyu ket hpp va n i n g cao die tfnh khf ddng hpc hoic loai bd eic c i n trd tren tuyen ddng c h i y
Tdn that ap lUe tdng do ddng chiy qua he thdng la do hai yeu td g i y ra: Tdn t h i t ma sit do dp nhdt khi khdng khf chiy dpc theo be mat eua dUdng dng v i thie't bj he thdng, v i tdn that ddng lUc do chiy rdi do nhdng thay ddi ve hudng v i sU phan ddng qua cic vat can.
Ap lUe tdng (Pt) trong mdt he thdng bao gdm hai t h i n h phan, i p lUe tTnh (Ps) va i p lUc van tdc (Pv). Pt bang tdng cua Ps v i Pv [Pt = Ps + Pv]. Ps l i t h i n h phan i p luc ehi do hien tUpng nen v i Pv l i t h i n h phan ehi do chuyen ddng. Cic thanh phan i p lUc nay thay ddi khi tiet dien thay doi. Theo djnh luat b i o t o i n n i n g lupng, tong cua Ps va Pv tai b i t ky diem n i o trong he thdng ddng chiy deu bang tdng eua Ps v i Pv tai b i t ky diem nao khic trong he thdng cdng vdi tdn that i p lUc gida hai diem dd.
