^X)Av,difim.phip.lju^ 86 6(279)-2015
Bfl nilflNG milT HAI DO CAN Bjl, ClNG CHOC,
NGUSl Ci INJIHI QUYfii CiA C0 QUAN JlEN HANH TKTUNG
GAY RA THEO DiriHAo Bt LUAT DAN Sir Si^A Biii
I NGUYEN D O A N PHU'aNG *
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p luat Dan su (BLDS) la Bp lugt quan frpng ttong he thing phdp luat Vift Nam, dieu chinh cdc quan he xa hpi r$ng ldn nhat, bao gom cdc quan hf dan su, hfln nhdn vd gia dinh, kinh doanh, ttiuong mai vd lao dpng.Dy thdo BLDS sfla doi da k l thfla cdc quy dinh mang thih nguyen tdc cfla BLDS nam 2005 la d l cao ttdch nhiem cfla ca quan nhd nudc cfl tham quyen frong vifc bdo vf quyen ddn sy chinh ddng ttong cdc quan hf ddn su. Trong boi cdnh Viet Nam dang phdt triln vd hpi nhgp quoc te, cflng vdi tiln trinh cflng nghiep hfla, hifn dgi hfla dat nudc, cdc quan hf dan sy da cfl nhung thay doi vd can cfl sy dilu chinh cfla phdp lu^t cho phfl hpp fren quan dilm xuyfln suot Id bdo vf vd ton trpng quyen ddn sy cfla cd nhan, phap nhan theo tmh thSn cfla Hien phdp nam 2013 vd cac van bdn phdp luat khac.
Dy thdo BLDS sfla d l i da hgn che toi da sy tiiy tifn cfla ca quan nhd nudc co tham quyen frong vifc bdo vf quyen va lpi ich hpp phdp cho ngudi ddn, bdo ddm su binh dang vd an todn phdp ly ttong quan hf dan sy, gop phin t^o dilu kien ddp ung cdc nhu cdu vdt chit vd tinh thin cfla nhdn dan, thflc diy sy phdt tiien kinh t l - xa hpi. Mpt trong nhung quy dinh the hifn ro tinh than dfl la Dieu 621 Dy thdo BLDS sfla dfli - Dy ttiao dupc
dua ra ldy y kien nhdn ddn ngdy 05/01/2015:
"Dieu 621: Boi thuong thiet hgi do cdn bp, cong chuc, ngudi cfl tham quyen cfla ca quan tien hdnh to tiing gay ra
1. Co quan, tfl chflc qudn ly cdn bp, cong chflc, vien chflc, co quan tien hdnh tfl tung phdi boi thuflng thift hgi do can bp, cflng chflc, vien chuc ngufli cfl thdm quyen tien hdnh tfl tung gdy ra ttong khi thi hdnh cong vy hogc thuc hifn nhifm vy ttong qua trinh tfl tyng. V\tc gidi quyet boi thudng thift hgi do Luat Trach nhifm boi thudng cua Nhd nudc quy dinh.
2. Truong hap cdn bp, cong chflc, vien chflc thyc hien nhifm vy do co quan, tfl chflc qudn ly cdn bp, cflng chflc, co quan tien hanh to tyng giao md khflng thudc thi hdnh cong vy thi dp dyng theo quy dinh tgi Dieu 620 cfla Bp ludt nay".
Tuy nhien, viec dp dyng quy dinh ndy ttong thuc te se phdt sinh mpt so bat cap khi gidi quyet bli thudng do nguoi thuflc ca quan nhd nudc gay ra ttong khi thi hanh cong vu. Cu the;
Thvr nhat, quy dinh tgi Bieu 621 Du thdo BLDS sica doi chua khdi qudt cdc tncoTig hgp boi thuang do nguai thuoc ca quan nhd nuac gdy thi^t hgi trong khi thi hdnh cong vu
Chang hgn ttong trudng hop cong an xa (khflng phdi Id Traong cong an xa) khi phfli hpp vdi cflng
* Khoa Lugt, Hoc viin An ninh nhdn ddn
Ddn chd & Phdp lu$t I
(Xidv. dijOif^ phip Iu4i Sg 6 (279) - 2015
an cap huy$n truy du6i ngirdi vi pham giao thong nhung din den h§u qua chet ngudi. Doi chieu voi quy dinh trSn va quy dinh tai LuSt Trdch nhi?m b6i thutog cua Nha nuoc (Lujt TNBTCNN) thi khong the dp dyng giai quyet boi thucmg mac du nguoi c6ng an vien nay dang thi hdnh cong vv dugc Nha nuoc giao. Boi vi cong an xa khdng phdi Id cdn b$, cong chiic theo Dieu 4 Luat Cdn bO, c6ng chiic nam 2008.
Cong an vien xa ciing khdng phdi la vien chuc theo DiSu 2 Luat Vien chuc ndm 2010: "Vien chuc la cdng dan Viet Nam dugc tuyen dyng theo vj tri vi$c ldm, ldm vijc tai don vj sy nghi$p cdng lap theo chS dp hgrp dong ldm vi?c, hudng luong tii quy luong cua don vj svr nghi$p cdng Ijip theo quy djnh cua phap Iudt".
Do dd, cung Id chii thi thvtc hi?n cdng vy gay thi?t hai nhung neu Id can bg, cdng chiic, vien chiic, ngudi cd tham quyen ciia eg quan tien hdnh t6 timg thl dp dyng Bigu 621 Dy thdo BLDS siia doi vd Lu^t TNBTCNN de gidi quyet nhung neu la cdng an xa thl khdng dp dyng dugc quy djnh tren (rieng Trudng cdng an xa Id cdn bg, cdng chiic theo khoan 3 Dieu 61 Lujt Cdn bd, cdng chiic).
Ddy Id vudng mdc cua cdc co quan Tda an trong vi?c gidi quyet cac vy vi$c bdi thirdng do ngudi thi hdnh cdng vy trong thyc te. Dieu ndy ddn din vi?c dp dyng khdng th6ng nhdt, gay thdc mdc trong du lu|n. Cd dia phuong thi vjn dyng "dp dyng tuong ty phdp ludt" coi cdng an xd la ngudi thudc Nhd nudc vd dp dyng Ludt TNBTCNN dS gidi quySt (cdch ndy khdng dung quy dinh ciia phdp ludt nhu dd phan tich d tren). Cd dia phucmg "gugng ip"
v§n dyng cdng an xa Id ngudi ciia phap nhdn va tit dd dp dyng don vi Cdng an xa (dang tryc tiep qudn ly cdng an vidn dd) phdi bdi thudng theo Dieu 618 BLDS hi?n hanh. Cdch ndy ciing khdng thuydt phye vi ban thdn dong chl cdng an xa nay Id ngudi
thuc thi cdng vy nhd nudc. Mat khac, Phdp l?nh vi cdng an xa khdng quy dinh cdng an xa Id phap nhdn va chi neu t ^ khodn 5 Didu 10 rang: "Cong an xd cd con ddu rieng", nhung cd con dau rieng chua dli de khang dinh Id cd tu each phdp nhan, vi dd Id phap nhdn thi phdi hgi dii mgt sd dieu kign nhat djnh (cdc dieu kign ndy hi$n nay dugc quy dinh tji Dieu 84 BLDS).
Vdi nhimg phan tich neu trdn, cd the thiy, Di6u 621 Dy thao BLDS siia ddi cd quy dinh vS bii thudng thi?t hai do ngudi thi hdnh cdng vy gay n nhung theo phuong phdp li?t ke nhiing ngudi thi hdnh cdng vy gay thigt hai nhu ngudi cd tham quyen ciia co quan tien hdnh td tyng hay can bg, cdng chiic, vien chuc md khdng cd quy djnh khii qudt nen bd sdt ngudi thi hdnh cdng vy, ddn den vigc dp dyng lujt khdng thong nhat.
BLDS la ludt chung, can cd tinh khdi quat cao.
Do vdy, c ^ md rgng pham vi dieu chmh chd tht gdy thigt hai trong Didu 621 Dy thdo BLDS sih d6i nham bao qudt mgi tmh huong gdy thift hji cua ngudi thi hdnh cdng vy, vira phii hgp vdi cat quy dinh trong cdc van bdn phdp lujt khde, viB giup cho cdc CO quan Tda an gidi quyit vy vi?c bii thudng dp dyng th6ng nhat.
Vi v|y, d i nghi thay cym tit "cdn bg, cong chile, ngudi cd thdm quyen ciia co quan tiin hanh td tyng" bang cym tit "ngudi thi hanh cdng vv"
trong Dieu 621 Dy thdo BLDS s i a ddi di that phye nhiing bat cap trdn.
Thur hai. bo sung, lam ro cdc truang hgp ap di/ngi-ugt TNBTCNNdephi hap vdi Bieu 621 Df thao BLDS sua ddi
Theo khodn.l Diiu 3 Luat TNBTCNN, "nguM thi hdnh cdng vu Id ngudi dirge hhi cd, phe chuSn, tuyen dyng hoac b6 nhi§m vdo mgt vj tri trong co quan nhd nudc d i thuc hign nhidm vy qudn 1^ hdnh (Xem liep Irang 64)
