THI/C THI QUYEN Ll/C NHA NlTClC VA GIAM SAT XA HOI DOI v d l TO CHirc NHA NlTClC
6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
NGUYEN MANH BINH'
To chirc nha nudc va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc la hinh lhii:c gin vdi ban chat eiia Nha nudc, Nhung trong qua trinh id chirc nhii nudc va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc cd sy thay ddi di tuang thfch vdi sy phat Iriin eiia nin kinh li-xa hgi. Vl vay, co che giam sat, hinh thirc giam sat td chire va thyc thi quyen lye nha nudc thay ddi phii hgp vdi sy thay ddi vi td chti:c nha nudc va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc. Trong qua trinh xay dimg nin kinh l i Ihi trudng theo dinh hudng xa hgi ehii nghTa d nudc la hien nay, mo hinh td chirc nha nudc va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc thay ddi phii hgp vdi phat triin ciia nin kinh le. Ban chat quyin lye nha nudc khong thay ddi. nhung hinh thuc td chirc va thyc thi quyin lye nha nude rat da dang va co che giam sat, hinh thirc giam sal ddi vdi td chirc nha nudc va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc ciing thay ddi tuong thfch vdi sy bien ddi td chii'c va thyc Ihi quyin lye nha nudc. Ddi mdi co chi giam sat, cac hinh thirc giam sat xa hgi ddi vdi to chirc nha nudc va thyc thi quyen luc nha nudc lii mgt trong nhimg bien phap, diiu kien quan trgng, trong cuoc dau tranh chdng quan lieu, tham nhung, lam trong sach bg may nha nudc, duy tri thyc hien muc tieu ban chat Nha nudc ciia nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan la cln thiit
1. To chiifc n h a niidc va thtic thi q u y e n life n h a ntid'c
Ca sd ly luan hgc thuyit Mac-Lenin vi hinh thai kinh t i - xa hgi da minh chung, CO sd ha ting quyit dinh kiin true thugng ting, do dd, mdi chi dg khac nhau, se cd phuang thirc td chii:c nha nudc va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc cung
Ths. Trudng Can bd TP. H6 Chf Minh.
36 Tap chi Khoa hpc xa hdi Viet Nam - 3/2009
khac nhau, phii hgp vdi ban cha't nha nudc, tfnh cha't, trinh do ciia lye lugng san xua't nha't dinh.
Song song vdi phuang thiic id chiic quyin lye nha nudc, cung ddng thcd phit sinh quan he co chi giam sal tuong thfch vdi td chiic va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc, bao dam qua trinh thyc thi chuyin lye nha nudc van hanh trong quy dao ban cha't, muc lieu cua giai ca'p thdng tri xa hgi. That ra trong qua trinh td chirc va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc trong dd da bao ham, chiia dyng cl sy giam sat, kiem tra td chiic nha nudc, thyc thi quyin luc nha nudc, va ngugc lai, giam sat quyin lye nha nudc, cung chfnh la \'iec triin khai td chiic va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc. Sy giam sat thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc, dd la diiu tat yiu nhIm bao dam sy tdn tai ciia chi do nha nudc, cua giai d p thdng tri xa hdi.
Nha nudc xa hgi chii nghTa Viel Nam dugc xay dyng, trien khai tren tinh than ciia giai ca'p cong nhan. Trong dd, Igi fch cua giai d p cong nhan thdng nha't vdi Igi fch nhan dan, nen nd dap ting \'a phuc vu quyin Igi ciia sd dong trong xa hgi va eiia loan dan tgc. Hien phap 1992 va nghi quyit ciia Qudc hgi sira ddi nam 2001 Diiu 2 khlng dinh: "Nha nudc cgng hoa xa hgi chii Viet Nam la nha nudc phap quyin xa hgi chii nghTa cua nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan, lal cl quyin lye nha nudc thugc vi nhan dan..." Nhan dan td chii:c thanh nha nudc di nhIm thyc hien "chii quyin qudc gia", "chu quyin nha nudc". Nhan dan uy quyin cho nha nudc de bao diim trong xa hgi cd tran ty, dn dinh va phat trien kinh le - xa hgi, xac lap cong ly, cong blng va bao ve cac quyin ciia cong dan, quyin con ngudi vi Igi fch chung cua cgng ddng, cua dan tgc, qudc gia. Nhung irong nha nudc xa hgi chii nghla, nha nudc khong chi la cong cu quan ly, mil cdn dugc nhan thii'c chfnh la bg may phuc vy lien quan din quang dai quIn chiing nhan dan. Do dd, Nha nudc Viet Nam khong chi la nha nudc mang tfnh giai d p ma cdn la nha nudc ciia cgng ddng, nha nudc ciia nhan dan, ciia dan tgc. Dd lii xult phat diem nha nudc ciia dan, do dan, vi dan. Quyin lire nhii nudc khong chi vdi lu each lii mgt td chirc dac biet ciia quyen lye chfnh tri, ma cdn dugc thira nhan va phap ly hoa quyin lye nhan dan, quyen lye gdc cudi eiing dugc thyc hien thong qua quyin lye nhii nude.
NhIm bao dim dan chii thyc sy di vao thyc t i cuge song, trudrc het giam sat, kiem tra quyin lye nha nudc la diiu kien thyc hien dan ehii va giam sat, kiim tra la phuang thuc bao dam dan chii dugc thyc thi. Niu khong cd giam sat, kiim tra thi khong the thyc thi dugc quyin dan chii cua nhan dan.
2. G i a m s a t x a h o i d o i v d i t o chiic n h a nifdc
Dan chu xa hgi chii nghTa, la dgng lye va la muc tieu trong tien trinh ddi mdi td chiic va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc thi: "Kiem soat quyin lye blng eac ca chi kiem tra, giam sat trong bg may nha nudc la mgt tieu chf cua Nha nudc di thyc hien muc lieu dan chii nhung ban than nd khong phai la dan chii ty than, khdng phai la toan bg dan chii, khong phai la diiu kien tien quye't cho nin dan chil. Nin dan chii thyc sy, dap ung cua Nha nudc phap quyin khong chi ddi hoi sy kiim tra, giam sat tir phfa ea quan nha nudc ma quan trgng hon, ddi hdi phai tliiit lap dugc co ehi giam sal hiru hieu ngoai bg may nha nude, trudc hit la ca chi giam sat thudng xuyen, thyc chat va cd hieu qui lir phfa nhan dan - chii thi quyin lye nhii nudc - ddi vdi cac eo quan va can bd thyc thi quyin lye nha
Thuc thi quyen lire nhu nudc 37
nudc, ke ca ddi \ di co quan quyin lye nha nudc cao nhal do nhan dan true tiep biiu ra" . Trong xa hgi dan chii viec giam sat trong bg may nha nudc se chuyin din thay doi theo hucmg tang cudng md rgng giam sal xa hgi ddi \di id chiic nha nirdc va thyc thi quyen lye nha nudc, bao dam sy \'an hiinh ciia id chirc va thyc thi quyen lye nhii nudc cd hieu qua, khoa hgc. nham muc dfch td chirc va thyc thi quy^en lye nha nudc van hanh trong quy dao, llm gilm sal dan chit xa hgi chil nghia.
Nen dan ehii xa hgi chii ngliTa ma chiing ta dang xay dyng hoan thien va phai trien mgt diem chung thdng nhat la tat d vi eon ngudi la muc tiiu va dgng lye ciia sy phat trien xa hgi, dya tren ba dac Irung ca kin dd lit: loan bo he thiing chi'nh tri luan luon dugc id chirc va hoat dgng \T Igi fch cua nhan cian;
quyen liim chii ciia nhan dan luon dugc bao dam va dugc bao ve va ngay cang phat triin; quyin va Igi fch chfnh dang ciia nhan dan luon luon md rgng va phat triin tuong thfch voi sy phat triin ciia nin kinh te - xa hgi.
De bao dam quyen lye nha nudc thugc vi nhan dan phai tdn tai trong mgt che dinh luat vat chai nhu la mgl che dinh gdc, co ban ciia dan chii phap quyin xa hgi chii nghTa. Quyin lye nha nudc phi lap quyin, chuyen chi \a song song voi nd la mgt cgng ddng dan cu mang quyen Irong xa hgi dan chii. Trong xa hgi dd ciing tdn lai cac dinh chi luat phi nha nudc, dgc lap vai nliii nudc; trong dd mgi id chu'c; chi'nh tri - xa hgi, id chirc khac trong xa hgi, ca nhan cho den iiha nude va Ihi chi chfnh tri, deu la ddi tugng che udc lin nhau, thong qua phap luat dan chil \'a \k ciic ddi lugng binh ding trudc phap luiit.
3, Mgt so g i a i p h a p doi m d i cd c h e g i a m s a t xa lioi doi vdi t o chiic n h a niidc v a thxic t h i q u y e n lu'c nhii n\idc
Vice giiim sat xa hgi ddi vdi td chirc va thyc thi quyen lye nhii nudc d nudc la da hinh thiinh va plial trien tir khi nhii nudc dan chii nhan dan hinh thiinh dugc thiet lap cho den nay. He thdng giain .sat dd da thiet lap \di nhit'u hinh thirc, ccMig cy giam sat quyen lye nha nudc vdi phuong thirc, each thirc khac nhau vii khong ngiing dugc cimg cd, hoiin thien vii phat trien theo sy tieii trien ciia ddi song xa hgi. He thdng giam sal xii hgi ddi vai td chuc vii thirc thi quyen lye nhii nudc da tao dieu kien de nhan dan cd kha nang giiim sal mgl ciich cd hieu qua, khoa hgc ddi vdi to chirc \'ii thyc thi quyen lye nhii nudc.
Tuy nhien, trong qua trinh chuyen ddi co chi kinh te thj trudng theo dinh hirdng xa hgi chii ngliTa, song song vdi sy phat trien ciia nen kinh le cuge sdng ciia nhan dan ngiiy ciing dugc nang cao, nhung chiiu hudng ciia sy lam quyen, cira quyen, igng quyin ciia nigt sd eo quan nha nudc, ciin bg, cong chirc kha nghiem trgng, linh trang tham nhung, hdi Ig, vi pham phap luat xam pham den quyin ty do, dan chii, quyin liim chii ciia nhan dan theo chieu hudng gia lang.
Nhirng don, thu khiiu nai, td cao ciia nhan dan cdn cd mgl ti le khong nhd, khong dugc tiep nhan va giai quyet mgt each thiiu dao, kip thdi, rd rang, minh bach, tham chf viee giai quyet khiiu nai cdn xam pham den quyen, Igi fch hcrp phap ciia nhan dan. Dd la nhung biiu hien quan lieu, tha hoa, biin chiii lam yeu Stic manh, sy tin ludng ciia nhan dan ddi vdi Dang, Nha nude.
Ban chai Nhii nudc phap quyen xa hgi chii ngliTa ciia nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhim dan, quyin lye nha nudc thugc \'i nhan dan. Do dd, de bio dam quyin
38 Tap chi Khoa hpc xd hpi Viet Nam - 3/2009
lye nha nudc thugc vi nhan dan trong td chiic va thyc thi quyin luc nha nudc, cln thyc hien mgt sd giii phap sau day:
Mgt Id, phdn cdng, phdi hgp, minh bach giira cdc ca quan trong viec thi/c hien chde ndng lap phdp, hanh phdp, tu phdp. Phai xac dinh rd ca ehi phan cong quyin lye de han che chuyen quyin va lam quyin, trong id chirc va thyc thi quyin luc nha nudc. He thdng ea che giam sat trong bg may nha nudc bao dim hieu xult, khoa hgc, nang lye thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc thong sudt. Co chi giam sat, kiem Ira va diiu chinh, dd khong chi la nhu d u ma cdn la mgt ta't yiu, mgt khuynh hudng di din nha nude phap quyin xa hgi chu nghTa Viet Nam. Co chi dd la di bao dam quyin luc nha nudc khong vugt ra ngoai sy giam sat cua nhan dan, giir vimg ban chit nha nudc xa hgi chii nghTa cua nhan dan, do nhan dan, vi nhan dan. Mdi chirc nang ciia quyin lye xac dinh rd pham vi nhiem vu, trach nhiem, nghTa vu, se tao nen hieu nang hoat dgng ehun^ cua id chire bg may nha nude, trong viec thyc thi quyin luc nha nudc, khong de mgt CO quan quyin lye, eon ngudi trong bg may nha nudc lam quyin, chuyen chi va ddng thdi nhu mgt he qua, chfnh la lam tang hieu nang thyc thi quyin luc nha nudc.
Hai Id, ban hanh ve lugt giam sdt xd hgi ddi vdi td chirc nhd nudc vd thixc thi quyen lite nhd nudc, phap luat la co sd, diiu kien, can cu phap ly di nhan dan thyc hien quyen giam sal ddi vdi td ehirc; thyc thi ciuyin lye nha nudc. Vcd thyc dfch phap dien hoa luat giam sal eiia nhan dan de xac dinh rd chu thi; vi Irf, tfnh chat; ngi dung, pham vi; hinh thiic; trinh ty; thii tue giam sat eiia Mat Iran Td qudc, ciia cac td chirc chfnh tri - xa hgi, eac td ehirc va nhan dan nhIm tranh sy triing lip, giira giam sal nha nudc mang tfnh chat quyin luc va giam sat ciia nhan dan mang tfnh xa hgi. Tren co sd dd xay dyng chuang trinh, phdi hgp giam sat giira cac co quan quyin luc nudc va hoat dgng giam sat ciia nhan dan di bao dam giam siit cd hieu qua, hgp ly, khoa hgc hgc vo ciing d n thiet.
Ba Id, ban hanh quy che phdn Men xd hgi ddi vdi viec thirc thi quyen lire nhd nudc, phuang thii'c thyc hien nin dan chii xa hgi chii nghTa, trong do phan bien xa hgi la diiu kien can ban, thiit yiu phai cong khai, minh bach di nhan dan tham gia quan ly nha nudc vii chu dgng phdng, chdng tham nhiing, lam quyin, ciia can bg, cong chirc, bung bit thong tin, ban hiinh eac quyet dinh de bao ve Igi fch cue bg, Igi fch ca nhan trong ea quan nhii nudc xam pham din quyin Igi fch hgp phap eiia nhan dan, Igi fch ciia nha nudc va xa hgi. Thyc t i da minh chiing nhieu eong irinh dlu tu khong cd hieu qua, lam anh hudng din Igi fch ciia nha nudc, Igi feh cua xa hgi, Igi feh hgp phap ciia nhan dan va thong qua cac kiin nghi, phan bien xa hgi, du luan xa hgi bugc phai ngung cac cdng tnnh xay dyng khidng cd hieu qua. Nlid tranh luan, phan biin tim ra nhirng "hat nhan hgp ly", sao cho d i cdn lai cudi cimg phii hop vdi khoa hgc nhat. Muc dfch phan bien xa hgi ehlng qua la giai quye't mau thuIn nhIm dat ciin sy dong thuan cao trong xa hdi ddi vdi cae chfnh sach, phap luat, chu truong eua nhii nudc.
Bdn Id, sira doi, bo sung, dieu chinh lugt khie'u ngi td cdo phii hop vdi thixc tiin, hgp ly vd khoa hgc. Hien nay, chiing la dl cd luat kiiieu nai, td d o dd la mil trong nhiing quyin ciia nhan diin giam sal doi vcd viec thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc. Nhung trong qui trinh thyc thi luat khiiu nai, id d o chua ed hieu qua, hieu luc va kiioa hgc, nen
Thuc thi quyen luc nlid nudc 39
gay khd khan eho d c ca quan cd thim guyin giai quyit khiiu nai. Nen phai tach hIn luiit khiiu nai va luat td d o rieng. Vi tham quyin giai quyit khie'u nai giao cho d c ca quan chuyen trach giai quyit, cd thi trong mgl ca quan nha nudc cd ban phap ehi hoac, id phap chi giii quyit kliiiu nai, hoac thanh Ua giai quyet khiiu nai. Chii the giai quyet khiiu nai phai nim ro phap luat, ed nang lye, chuyen mon, nghi nghiep va kinh nghiem trong quan ly hanh chfiih nha nudc thi viec giai quyit khiiu nai cd hieu qua.
Ngoai ra di nang cao khi nang giam sat cua nhan dan, cong dan ddi vcd td chiic va thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc, luat khiiu nai nen md rgng pham vi diiu ehinh vi thii tuc hanh chi'nh, trong dd cd ca tiep nhan va giai quyil kien nghi, thinh clu, khiiu nai, chir khong ehi dimg lai luat khiiu nai.
Nam la, cdng khai hoat dgng cua nhd nudc, tao dieu kien de nhdn ddn thvcc hien quyen giam sdt ddi vdi to chde vd thixc thi quyen luc nhd nudc thdng qua cdc phuang tien thong tin dgi chiing. Thong tin truyin thong dai chiing la d u ndi giira nhan dan vai id chiic thyc hien quyin lye nha nudc.
Thong tin la co sd, diiu kien ciia giam sal, vi giam sal phai cd cac chiing cii, chimg minh viec thyc thi diing hay khong dung phap luat ciia eac co quan; can bg, cong chirc nha nudc. Thong lin di nhan dan biet eac quy dinh cac van phap luat va cac dy an, giam sat ddi vdi viec thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc niu khong cd thong lin, Ihi khong the cd giam sat. Ciing vdi vai trd giam sat, vai trd phan bien xa hgi, phan hdi thong tin tir cong chiing din vdi co quan nha nudc, cd the thyc hien hieu qua thong qua cac phuang lien truyin thong, bao chf. Chfnh diiu nay, se giiip cho viec nang cao hieu qui, khoa hgc ciia td chiic va thyc thi quyen lye nha nudc. Chfnh sach, phap luat ciia Nha nudc khong bao gid cung phil hap vdi sy van dgng ciia ddi sdng xa hgi, ma phai dugc sira ddi, bd sung qua thyc tiin cuge sdng. Qua thong lin bao chf khoi day nhiing^ tranh luiin, kien nghi vi chi'nh sach, phap luat hay mgl ehii truong, dy an cu the. Viec tranh luari vira nang cao nhan thiic xa hgi nhirng van di dugc quan iam, \'ira gdp phln di cae CO quan cong quyin hoan thien hon vi chi'nh sach, phap luat.
Sau Id, doi mdi to chirc hoat dgng cua Mat trdn To qudc, cdc to chde chinh tri - xd hgi. Mat Iran To qudc la hat nhan, ca sd chfnh tri eiia chfnh quyin nhan dan, cua nha nude phap quyen xa hgi chii ngliTa Viet Nam. Trong he thdng chfnh tri - xa hgi, nghTa la Mat Iran Td qudc liim tdt cong tac dan vaii, phai nim rd tam tu nguyen vgng cua cac giai ting Irong xa hgi. Vi vay ddi mdi hoat dgng eiia Mat Iran Td qudc, d n cy the hoa nghi quyet Dai hgi X eiia Dang vao lull Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam ve phan bien xa hgi, trong viec thyc hien chil truong, chi'nh siich ciia Dang, phap lliat ciia Nha nude, nhIm tao hanh lang phap ly bang nhung co chi giam sal va phan bien cy thi, ddng thdi quy dinh trach nhiem eiia co quan Nha nudc, chfnh quyin dia phuang coi giam sat va phln bien xa hgi lii kliau bit bugc trong qua trinh xay dyng di an trudc khi ca quan cd thlm quyen quyit dinh va giam sat viec thyc hien cac quyil dinh ciia CO quan nha nudc va can bg, eong chiic nha nudc. Xay dyng quy ehi phdi hgp giira Mat Iran To qudc vdi cac td chirc Dang, co quan Nha nudc trong vif c giam sat va phan bien xa hgi la mgt nhu d u cln thiet nhu mgt ddi hdi til yiu trong qua trinh lanh dao va diiu hanh va quan ly xa hgi. Tao thanh co chi ddng bg Dang lanh dao. Nha nudc quan ly, nhan dan lam' chii thong qua hinh thiic Mat tran Td qudc! cac id chirc ehinh tri - xa hgi va eac id chiic xa hgi
40 Tap chi Khoa hoc xd hoi \ ict Nam - 3/2009
Bay Id, tdng cudng su lanh dao ciia Ddng ddi vdi viec thuc hien ddn chii xd hgi chii nghia. Nhii nudc ciia dan. do dan lam chii. nhan dan khong chi xay dimg, kien loan id chii'c nha nudc \a thyc thi quyin lye nlia nirdc cdn bao ham ngi dung quyin giam sat nhan dan; dd khong nliiing la quyin. ma cdn cd trach nhiem vii nghTa vu ciia nhan dan xay dung: hoan thien Nha nudc. Vi vay. Ding lanh dao phat huy dan chii, huy dgng tdi nhlt sy ddng gdp. giam sat ciia nhan dan ddi vdi qua trinh thyc ihi quyin lye nha nudc nhIm thyc hien qudc ke dan sinh. Van di dat ra Dang lanh dao he thdng chi'nh tri. tao mgi diiu kien di nhan diin tham gia vao cong viec ciia dai nudc. Thyc hien dan chii thong qua hinh thuc giiim sat vii phan bien xa hgi. ddi \di id chiic \a thyc thi quyen lye nhii nirdc phai dugc thi hien trong chil truong, dudng ldi ciia Dang, chinh .sach. phap luat cua Nhii nudc.
Nghien ciru phucmg thirc id chuc nha nudc \a thyc thi quyin lye nha nudc cd y nghTa lo Icin, nd khong chi cho phep ma cdn cung d p nhiing can cir ly luan va thyc lien de gdp phln \ao \ iec doi mdi to chuc bg may nhii nudc xay dung;
hoan thien nha nudc phap quyen xii hgi ehii ngliTa ciia nhan dan. do nhan dan.
vi nhan dan. De thyc hien muc lieu dan chu xa hgi chii nghTa. quyin lire ciia nhan dan phai tdn lai nhu mgi dinh che gdc dugc biiu hien ra ben ngoai dd la quyin lye nha nude. Thyc le hien nay. eiing \di sy phat trien ciia nin dan chu xa hgi chii nghia. quyin lye ciia nhan dan ngay cang dugc dinh hinh rd net, nhu la mgl loai quyin lye dgc lap giam sat ddi \dl 10 chiic nhii nudc vii thyc thi quyen luc nha nudc. Vdi hinh thiic nhan dan uy quyin cho nha nudc va Ihanh lap cac td ehi'rc nhii nudc. va id chuc nhii nude lii cong cu di thyc hien quyin lire ciia nhan dan trong xa hgi. Vi vay. phiii cd co che giam sat bio dam tinh hieu quii. khoa hgc trong id chi'rc nhii nudc va thuc hien quyen lye nhii nudc, nen cd sy phdi hgp. hd trg giiia giiim sat td chirc va thyc hien quyin lye trong bg may nhii nircie \a giiim sat xa hgi ddi \di td chirc nha nudc va thyc thi quyen luc nha nuc'rc. Mdi nigi he thdng giam sat td ehirc vii hoat dgng quyin lye nha niiPc. cd tfnh dgc lap tuang ddi trong tdng thi quyen lye nhii nudc thugc vi nhan dan, dudi sy lanh dao cua Dang, giu vCrng ban chai nhii nuc'i'c phap quyin xa hgi chu nghia cua nhan dan, do nhan dan, \i nhan dan.
Tai lieu ttiam khao
I. Hicii phdp iiudc cimg hod .xd hoi chu nghia \'icl Nam. Nxb Chfnh Iri quoc gia. Ha Ndi nam 2002.
2.GS,TSKH. Dao Trf l^Ic (chu bien). Mo liiiih to chirc vd hoat dong ciui Nhd nudc phdp quxen .xd hpi chil nghia \ let Nam. Nxb Tu phap. Ha Ndi, 2007
3. OS, TSKH Dao Tri Uc. PCS TS Vd Khanh Vinh, GIdin sdt vd err che gidin sdt vice thirc hien quyen lire nhd nudc dnirdc ta hien nay. Nxb Cdng an nhan dan. 2003
4.Van phdng Qudc hdi. Qudc hpi Viet Nam nhung vdn dc l\ hum vd thirc tien. Nxb Tu phap.
nam 2005
5. PGS.TS Nguyen Dang Dung. Che udc quyen lire nhd nudc. Nxb Da Nang. 2008
6. Pham Ngoc Anh - Bin Dinh Phong. Tir iirdng HP Chi Minh ve .u/v dung nhd nudc phdp quyen kieu mdi d\'iet Nam. Nxb Lao ddng. Ha Ndi, 2003
