^ ^ ^ J ^ S 6 7 - 2 0 1 1
LY LUAN DAY VA HOC
13
Thifc chat quan diem giao due
"Lay ngUGfi hpc lam trung tam"
T
hdi gian gan day tren mdt sd giao trinh, tai lieu, bdo chf xua't hien cym tU "/§y ngUdi hoc lam tmng tint'. Van de nay da ed nhieu quan diem khac nhau, nhieu hUdng giai quyet nhung deu di tdi mye tieu chung la bien qud trinh gido dye thanh qud trinh tu gido dye, qud trinh dao tao thdnh qud trinh tu dao tao, phdt huy tfnh tieh eye, chCi ddng, sang tao cCia ngud[hpe. Tuy nhien, hien nay trong ITnh vuagido dye vd ddo tao van cdn nhieu ngUdi lung tung, md hd ve nhan thUe quan diem "lay ngUdi hoc lam trung tdrri'.Thye chat khdi niem "lay ngudi hpc lam trung tam" (stu- dent centered) khdng cd gi khd hieu. Dd la mdt quan diem, nhin nhan, mdt each tiep can ddi vdi qud trinh giao dye va ddo tao. Nd ngUdc l^i vdi quan diem "Lay thay giao lam trung tam"
da thdng tri rat lau trong Ijch sCf giao due. Hai quan diem day hpc Id "lay ngudi thay lam trung tdm" vd "la'y ngudi hpc lam trung tdm" Id hai quan diem day hpc hoan toan khde nhau. Hai quan diem nay khdng chf la hai each tra Idi eho cau hdi: ai la nhdn vat trung tam trong qud trinh d^y hpe va giao dye? Ma quan trpng hdn la lam the nao, bang phUdng phap nao de ndng cao chat lUdng gido dye va dao tao. That vay, trong chung ta khdng ai phij nhdn mdt dieu la: Hpc sinh Id nguyen nhdn trye tiep eija sy ra ddi va tdn tai nhd trudng. Khdng cd hpc sinh khdng ed nha trUdng, khdng cd ca thay gido. Toan bp su nghiep gido due eija chung ta hudng tdi muc dfeh la bdi dUdng the he tre trd thdnh nhOng ngudi lao ddng tu chij, ndng ddng, sdng t^o, thdng minh, cd ndng lUe de giai quyet mpi nhiem vy ma hp gap phai tren dudng ddi, de thanh dat, hanh phuc trong eude sdng ed nhan, gdp sUe phuc vy xa hdi. Sy nghiep gido dye eua chung ta trdn tdng the Id nang eao ddn trf, dao tao bdi dudng nhan lye va nhan tdi. Vdi each diln dat chung quy lai deu hudng tdi hpe sinh. Cac em la tieu diem de mpi hoat ddng eua nhd trudng deu xoay quanh va vi nd ma thay gido phan da'u khdng met mdi. Trong day hpe, hpe sinh la ddi tUdng trf tue cija thay gido, nd can Id mdt san pham cd chat lUdng cao phu hdp vdi xa hdi vd thdi dai- Cung luc dd, hpc sinh la ehCi the cua hoat ddng hpe tdp. Hp tiep thu tri thUe nhdn loai de phdt trien chinh ban than minh trd thdnh chu the tieh cue va sang tao.
Hpc sinh la chij the eiJa chfnh minh. Vi vay nhdn vat trung tam nay phai la mdt chij the cd y thUe, nhu cau, hUng thu, ham^
thfch hpc va tieh cue trong hoat ddng hpe tap, biet each hpc de chiem ITnh khoa hpc.
"Lay ngUdi hpc lam trung tam" Id quan diem hoan todn xa la vdi y dd ha thdp vai trd ciia thay gido, day thay gido xudng trd thdnh ngUdi"quan sat", "chUng kien" hoat ddng ciJa hoc sinh.
Ma ngUpe lai vi "lay hpc sinh lam trung tdm" cang yeu cau cao ddi vdi ndng lUc ciJa thfiy gido. Th^y gido phlii Id ngudi ed kha ndng td chUc, dilu khien mpi hoat ddng ciia hpc sinh, giup hpc
LE PHAM PHUdNG LAN
Trudng Dai hpc Nguyin Hue sinh hpe lap td't nhat. d bd't ki thdi ki nao vai trd eiJa thay gido ludn dupe de eao, vi the mdi tim cdeh nang cao chat lUdng dao tao thay gido. Thay cd gidi mdi cd the giUp hpe sinh gidi va ngupe lai, trd gidi lai can phai ed thay gidi. Mdi quan he giOa day vd hpc Id mdi quan he bien chUng, chinh nd Id quy luat ed ban de tao nen cha't lUdng va hieu qua cua qua trinh d^y hpc.
Cdn kieu day hpc "thay la trung tam" vdn tdn tai cho den ngdy nay, trong dd vai trd cua thay gido dupe dat djnh qud cao, thay quyet djnh mpi dieu tren Idp. Thay giang, trd nghe. Ngudn thdng tin tU phia thay la duy nhat, thay chuyen tai hpc sinh tiep thu vd dieu kien. Ta't nhien d day thay gidi thuyet trinh, giai thfch d i hieu, cd kha nang diln cam, thu hut hpc sinh, hpc sinh tiep thu nhanh, nhd lau. Day bang thuyet trinh la Idi day "tiet kiem" mdt ngudi giang nhieu ngUdi nghe trong mdt thdi gian a'n djnh se hodn thdnh mot chUdng trinh. Hpc sinh cd the nam vOng If thuyet mdt each rat he thdng nhUng kha ndng 'Hep thu"
thap va kTnang thUe hanh khd dUde hinh thdnh, nha't Id khdng ed thdi ed de van dyng vao thUe te. Do vay khdng the ndi den sU linh hoat trong tU duy giai quyet cac tinh hudng trong thUc tiln.
Quan diem day hpe '1a'y hpc sinh lam trung tam" ddi hdi phai xay dung lai cde hinh thUe td chUe vd cde phUdng phap day hpc phu hdp. Cde hinh thUe td chdc day hpc dUde si!f dung nhieu nha't Id tu hpc, hpc theo nhdm, trd ehdi ddng vai, hoat ddng thUe tiln, tham quan... Cde phUdng phdp day hpe dupe si!f dyng nhieu nha't la phUdng phdp neu van de, dam thoai, tranh ludn, nghien cUu tai lieu...Cd the khang djnh rdng: day hpc "lay hpc sinh lam trung tam" cd tu tUdng chij dao la td chUe eho hpc sinh hoat ddng tfch cue, sang tao, lay tu hpc lam chfnh, tap the de bd trd cho ed nhdn, mdy mdc thiet bj lam phUdng tien, tdi lidu, sdeh gido khoa, bang hinh va tu ddnh gid kdt qua hpc tap. Ldi hpe nay hinh thanh d hpe sinh sU manh dan, ed tinh each, tU tin, biet each hpc, each lam, giao tiep xa hdi, khang djnh chdn Ii, tao nen con ngUdi rat thue te, thich hoat ddng, ddn den sU ndng ddng vd sang tao trong tu duy va hoat ddng eude sdng.
Tuy nhien, de thUe hien hieu qua quan diem day hpc nay can ed nhflng dieu kien ma chung ta can chuan bj.
Trude het la bdi dUdng eho gido vien each day mdi lam sao de hp chuyen bien rd ret tU nhan thdc den hanh ddng, tich cue, chu ddng van dung trong hoat ddng giang day, sdp xep thdi gian du cho cde chuyen de, sau dd la chuan bj cd sd vat chat, dac biet la phUdng tien day hpe, nhflng dieu kien dam bao td't nha't cho qud trinh td chUe vd thUe hien hoat ddng day hpe. Quan diem day hpc la'5/ ngUdi hpc Idm trung tdm se Id mdt phUdng phdp (mdt kieu d?y hpc) phu hdp nhat vdi yeu cau eiia thdi da' ngdy nay.
