TAP CHi CdNG THlfONB
DICH v y THANH TOAN THE TAI CAC NGAN HANG THl/CfNG MAI
VIET NAM HIEN NAY
• NGUYEN TH! QUYNH CHAU
TOM T.\T:
Hoal dgng kinh doanh the cua cac ngan hang thu'dng mai da mang de'n cho cac ngan hang mot vi the mdi. mgt dien mao mdi. Bhng phu'dng phiip tho'ng ke. phan lich va long hdp.
bai vie't nay cong bo'ke't qua nghien cd'u ve cac loai Ehe ngan hang hien dang du'de su'dung tai Viel Nam. qua dd danh gia xu hddng cua hoat dgng kinh doanh the va dda ra cac bien phap phat trien dich vu tai cac ngan hang ihi/dng mai.
Tif khda: The ngan hang, thanh loan the. dich vu the, ngan hang Ihddng mai. djch vu thanh loan.
l.DiJt vande
The la phddng tien thanh loan khong diing li^n mat do ngan hang phat hanh the cap cho khach hang sijf dung de dianh loan hang hoa dich vu iai cac diem cung dng hang hoa dich \u co k\ hdp dong thanh loan vdi ngan hang, nit tien mat tai cac may nil tien Iif dgng hay cac ngan hang dai ly trong pham \i s6 dd lien gi^i cua minh hoae han mu'c tin dung du'tfc cap. The con dtrgc diing de thdc hien nhieu djch \ u khac dicing qua he ihong giao dich ty dgng .\TM nhd chuyen khoan. Ira van thong lin tai khoan.
diong tin cac khoan chi phi sinh hoai...
The la mot phddng lien thanh loan kliong dung lien mal lien lien va hien dai. The ra ddi khong nhij'ng dat dddc hai muc tieu la lien ldi va an loan cho
\ iec thanh loan ma con the hien du'de tinh \ an minh, hien dai cua Ihdi ky hien dai hoa va loan cau boa.
2.Ctfs6lythu\e't
The dddc phan chia thanh cac loai sau:
(;. Phdn laid ihco cc'mg nghe sdn xud't:
- The khac chd noi (EnibossingCard): du'a tren cong nghe khac chff noi. tam the dau lien du'de san xua't theo ciing nghe naw Hien na\. ngu'di la khong cdn sir dung loai the na> nffa \i k\ ihuat qua did s(f de bj izia mao.
The biing itf (Magnetic stripe)' difa tren Ihual (hif tin vdi hai bang Iff chda ihong tin dhng mat the. The nay da du'cfc suf dung phd bie'n d hdn 20 nam qua. nhffng da bdc Ig mdt so' nh diem: do ihdng tin ghi tren the khdng lu" ma du'de, the chi mang Ihdng tin co' djnh. khdng j chda dff heu it, khdng ap dung dffdc ky Ihuat hoa, bao mal Ihdng tin....
- The Ihdng minh fSmari Card): day lii the mdi nha'l cija die dianh loan, the co ca'u true h loan nhff mpt may vi tinh.
b. Phdn logi theo linh chd'l ihanh todn c lia lhe:
- Thd tin dung (Credit Card): la loai the dddi dung pho bie'n nhat. Theo do, ngifdi chu the d phep sff dung mot han mffc lin dung cd lhe kh phai Irii lai trong thdi han 45 ngay de mua sam h hoa, dich vu tai nhffng cd sd kinh doanh, khach • san bay,... cha'p nhan loai ihe niiy.
Goi day la the lin dung v) thu the du'de t?ng ti mpt ban mffc tieu diing ma khdng phai ira lien n' chi thanh loan sau mpt k\ han nhii'i dinh. Cung lif diem tren mil ngffdi ta cdn got the tfn dung lii the nd hoan hieu (dela>eddebilcard) hay cham tra.
-The ghi nd (Debit card): day L lijai the coq he iri/c lie'p vii gan lien vdi tai khtun ndn szffi. 1
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thi^ nav dffdc sff dung de mua hang hda ha\ dieh v u . gii trj nhifng giao djch se dffdc khau trff ngay lap tffc vio iai khoan ciia ehu the ihdng qua nhffng diie't bj Jicn tff dat tai cffa hiing. khach san.... dong thdi ehuyen ngan ngay lap tffc vao tiii khoan ciia cffa hang, khach san.... The ghi nd cdn hay dffdc sff dung de rut tien mill tai may rut tien iff ddng. The ghi nd Idiong cd han mffc tin dung vi nd phu diudc vao sd' dffhien hffu tren tiii khoan cua chu the.
- The U-a trffdc (Prepaid Card): day la loai die mdl dffdc phal trien tren lhe gidi, khach hang chi can tra cho ngan hang mgt so' lien se dffdc ngan hSng phdt hiinh d i ^ vdi menh gid tffdng dffdng. Diic tinh Clia loai the niiy gid'ng nhff cdc the khac, chi cd dieu the nay dffdc gidi ban trong .so' lien co trong the vii chi lieu trong mot khoang thdi gian nhjTt djnh tiiy
\ho quy dinh cua mdi ngan hang, tffc la ban mffc die khdng cd tinh chat luan hoan.
c. Phdn logi llieo phgm vi ldnh ihei-
- The trong nffdc: la the dffdc gidi ban trong pham VI mgl quo'c gia, do vSy dong lien giao dich phiii lil dong ban le cua nffdc dd.
• The quo'c te; day la loai lhe difdc cha'p nhan iren toiln the gidi. sff dung cac ngoai te de Ihanh lodn vii dffdc quy doi Iheo ly gia ciia dong ngoai le su'dung
cl. Phdn loai llieo clui lhe phdt hanh:
- The do Ngiin hang phat hiinh (Bank Card): la loai the do ngan hang phdt himh giup cho khach hiing sff dung mdt sd'tien do ngiin hang ca'p tin dung.
- The do Id' chffc phi ngiin hang phat himh: lii loai the du Ijch vii giai tri cua cac lap doan kinh doanh Idn hoiic cac cdng ty xang dau ldn, cac cffa hieu ldn,... phdt hiinh.
3. Thffc t r a n g s^ dung thanh toan the t a i cac NHTM hiennay
Thi tnfdng tlie ngiin hang Viet Nam nhffng nam qua dffdc danh gid cd td'c do phdt trien manh. Day la mgi tin hieu ra'l to't gop phan quan Irong thuc day nhanh \ u hifdng thanh toan klidng dung den mat.
Tai Viet Nam. the thanh todn da dffdc bie't de'n hdn 10 ndm tnfde day. nhffng phai den nam 199S thi iruting lhe mdi trd nen sdi ddng khi cd sff tliam gia ciia nhieu ngan hdng. Bdi Idi nhuan tff dich vu niiy rai hap dan ddi vdi cdc ngiin bang \ ii do chinh la cd h^i de cac N H T M Viei Nam niing cao kha ndng canh tranh. Diiy cung la mdl trong nhffng nghiep vu ngan hang hien dai giup Viet Nam di lai don dau trong dich vu ngiin hang, gitip boat dong ngan hiing trongnffdecosffcmanhcanh tranh ve cdng nghe vdi
cdc ngan hang nffdc ngoai ffong Unh vffc mdi me nay Tuy nhien. day cung la dich vu dem lai khdng it nhffng khd khiin cho cdc ngan hang Viei Nam. nhff:
khd khan \ e kinh te - xa hgi. khoa hgc cdng nghe ndi chung va ban than ngan hang ndi rieng dii ga>
nhieu trd ngai dd'i vdi \ iec diuc da\ hoai ddng kinh doanh die dat tdi nhiing gid trj liem nang vd'n cd cua no. budc ngan hang phai khdng ngffng tff minh nhin lai vil du'a ra cac bien phap giai quyet deed Ihe dffng vffng va khang dinh vi the cua minh iren thi Irffdng.
The ngan hang tie'p tyc la phffdng tien Ihanh loan da dung, lien ich. di/dc cac N H T M chii trgng pbdl trien, cd td'c dp phdt men nhanh chdng. Theo Vu Thanh loan (Ngiin hang Nha nffdc - NHNN). cd .sd ha tang va cdng nghe phue vu thanh todn khdng dung tien mat lie'p tuc dffdc chu trgng dau ur. nang cao chii'l lifdng \ i i phal huy hieu qua. Sd' Iffdng va gid trj giao dich thanh loan ndi dia ciia the ngan hang tie'p tuc tang, Crong quy I nam 2019 dat 65 U^icu giao djch vdi tdng sd' tien giao djch la 171 nghin ty dong (tiing 18.45% ve .so Iffdng \ i i 18.82^'^ vegia trj so vdi cung ky cua nam 2017). Cac N H T M da lich hdp them nhieu tinh nang vao die ngan hang de sff dung Ihanh loan hiing hda, dich vu: ddng thdi, nang cao cha'l Iffdng dich vu. do an toiin Uianh loan lhe. Thanh loan dien tff qua Intemet. dien thoai di ddng dat dffdc kel qua dang ghi nhan. thu hul sd' Iffdng ldn khach hang sff dung Trong qu\ I niim 2019. so' lu'dng va gia U"j giao dich tai chinh qua kenh Iniemel Iang 68,8% vii
\}.4^,'c so vdi ciing k\ nam 20IS: so lu'dng va gid In giao dich lai chinh qua kenh dien dtoai di ddng tang 97.7*7e va 232.3 % so vdi cimg ky nam 2018. Ty le sff dung [he ngan hang so vdi cac phifdng lien thanh lodn khdng dung tien mat khac dang cd xu hifdng tang len. Dich vu the ngan hang phal trien da giiip N H T M cd them kenh huy ddng vd'n va phat trien them cac dich vu gia tn gia tang vdi nhieu lien ich khac nhau cung cap cho khach ha ng.
De gia tang Iffdng giao dich khdng diing lien mat. cac ngan hang hien nay dang day manh phal trien he thd'ng chap nhan the nhff may A T M , may POS. mang Iffdi thanh loan hiing hda dich vu sff dung the. cac den ich dich vu.... Ngoiii rut lien mat.
chu die cd die de dang sff dung the trong cdc Ihanh toan giao dich hda ddn dien thoai, internet, tra phi bao hiem. chuyen khoan Ihanh toan.... Tien ich cua the A T M khdng chi giup chu the quan ly dffdc tien.
khdng dem theo mgt Iffdng lien ldn de thanh loan hiing hda djch vu, del kiem dffdc tien. .mil cdn giup hg [iet kiem chi lieu khi cac ngan hang phat hanh
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TAP CHI CdNG THlfdNfi
the phdi hdp \di nhffng ddn \i bdn hang giam gia hang hda cho khach hiing sff dung the. NgoJi ra.
khach hang sff dung die cdn du'de bao hiem trong cdc iru'dng hdp cu the. nhif; khi nil uen iff may-ATM bj cu'dp: khi thanh loan mua hang hda nhffng bi mat hiing ngay sau khi mua hang; khi mua ve may ba\ bi ire gid bay; tai nan du lich loan cau: tff trang trong chuye'n di: irach nhiem Uong chuye'n di: gia san khi vang nhii; mua sam; thai lac vi:...
Quy md dan so' ire khdng ngffng md rdng ciing
\ di sff phal irien ciia cdng nghe va xu hffdng thu'dng maidientffngay cang thinh hanh lil nhffng ye'u td'cd ban khicn thi Uffdng the thanh loan d Viet Nam. ca lhe Iin dung (credil card) va the ghi nd (debit card) ngay cang dffdc sff dung rpng rai. Ben canh \iec phal tnen sd' Iffdng the. cac NHTM ngii\ ciing quan ldm de'n \ iec cai Ihien chat lifdng dich \ u b'ang % iec tang kha nang Ihanh loan cho chu the thong qua phat hanh the thanh loan ddng thifdng hieu \a da ffng dung cd lien ke'i vdi cdc lo chffc khde. nhff trffdng hgc. hang laxi. hang hang khdng. sieu Ihj...;
chu Ugng ifing dd an loan, bao mat cua the thanh lodn nhff ffng dung cdng nghe Chip trong hoai ddng phal hiinh va thanh loan the. nhff phat hanh \a chap nhan Ihanh lodn the chip chuan HMV.
Nhifng tten ich cita .sim phdm lhe da ndng bien dgi ATM cd nhieu chffc niing, mang de'n nhieu tien ich giup con ngffdi iiei kiem thdi gian \a cdng sffi;
hdn. Mdl chiec the ATM da niing dung nghia cd the giup ban:
" Nhanh chdng thay vi td'n khoang 45 phiii de den \ii chd ddi cac giao djch vien cua ngan hang phue \'u. mdi ngffdi chi can \iii phut dffng trffdc
"ngan hang tif ddng" d gan ndi d hay ndi lam \iec cimg cac liiao lac ddn giiin de dap ffng ngay mgi nhu cau lai chinh cua minh. Ben canh dd. khdch hang khdng can phai silp xe'p thdi gian de'n ngan hang uong gid hanh chinh bdi "ngan hang tff ddng" nay se phue \ u khach hiing mgi luc. mgi ndi.
- Tien ldi The ATM hien dai cd the u'ch hdp cdc nhieu chffc nang trong cung mdl dich vu, tff cac nhu cau giao dich cd ban nhff rut den. chuyen khoan trong \a ngoai he thd'ng \di nhieu ngan hang khac de'n cdc nhu cau giao Ihanh loan cho ddi song hang ngay. nhif: hda ddn lien dien/nffdc. thanh toan the lin dung, ve md> ba>. hda ddn DTDD tra sau. phi hao hiem.... Tai ma) .ATM ciia cac ngan hang cdng nghe cao. khachhiing<.diicd the rut difdc Uen khi Id quen mang lhe. diing ki cac dich vu online nbu \a\'
\ dn. cbankimi \ ii mobile bankmsz bay gffi tie'l kiem
online. Cd the iha'>. cac giao di^li.. •• ^hach hai thu ggn chi uong mpi chiec ilie \oi nhffng Uia ddn guin nha't. uet kiem riii nhieu thdi gian v phi di lai, thay viio dd khach hiing --e dffdc ihi hdn de tan hffdng cudc sdng.
NhiTng hgn che con ton Igi
Ben canh nhffng nen ich tren. boat ddng 1 todn the thdi gian qua van cdn mdt sd ton tai che nhff:
- Ha tang cdng nghe thdng un phai uien dong bp do chi phi dau tff cao nen cac NHTM ct dat khi quyet dinh dau iffcd sd ha iang.
- Thanh toan the ndi dja qua POS chffa n chat Iffdng md_\ POS chffa cao; he Ihd'ng d uuyen ddi khi bj tac nghen; linh Uang ddn vi nhan the thu phu phi ciia khdch hang thanh bdng the chifa dffdc khiic phue triel de nen d nghiep, ngu'di dan cdn chifa man ma vdi thanh qua POS.
- Chat Iffdng phue vu. quan liim cua mdl st NHTM cdn kem (khi difdc bao mdy POS hffhdi NHTM khdng cff ngay nhiin vien den sffa; kl Uen may ATM gap phai lien gia. lien khdng di chuan Iffu thdng....).
- Van hda sff dung the tai Viet Nam: hau he ngan hang lai Viet Nam hien nay deu cd iraj mdy ATM d nhieu ndi. nhdm phue vu khdch thuan Uen, nhanh chdng. Song, tai dja diem cdc ATM da bdc Id net mdt so' van hda chffa de, giao dich the, ddn cff nhu sau:
Phan Idn cdc hda ddn hay nhffng td tra cffu ' da bi vffi bffa bai. mac dii da phan cac ngiin deudatthiingracngay trong buong ATM.
-I- Tinh Uang ndi chuyen dien Ihoai Irong kh rut tien hay chen ngang cua nhffng ngffdi giao the cdn dien ra pho bien.
Ldi dung khi khach hang tap trung nil tie may ATM, mdt sd'ke gian da nhin trdm mat (hay cdn gpi la ma PIN - vie't liit tff Per Identification Number), nhdm ihift hien nhffng VI gian tra, vi pham phap lual.
4. Ke't luan
De day manh phdt tnen ihanh loan the Ironi gian ldi, can laptrung viio mot so giai phap nhu - Cdc NHTM chu upng diiu lu'dung mffc ha cdng nghe thdng tin; diiu lUcaL ma) PCS lien bien dai hdn
- Tap trung phat trien. bd ui h(<p ly, silp xc mang Iffdi POS. dam bao hoal dnn- hieu qua rdng cac diem ban le hiing hda. dkSi u cd du
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TAI CHINI-NGAN HANG-BAO HIEM
kiC'n phai k1p dill thiel hi POS va ehiip nhan ihanh da niing ide ihu phi cau difdng. mua xiing dau. mua loan bing the. \ e \e buyt. di laxi, chi tra bao hiem xii hdi....).
• Gia tang cdi thien chat iffdng phue vu cho nhan - Chu upng. tang eu'dng bien phap dam b.io an vien. ninh. an loan, bao mal cdc hanh \i VI pham phap luat
- Khu>en khich phdt trien cdc loai the da dung. trong thanh toan the •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1 Nt;u\cn Van Tien (2010), Gido innh Quun tn nii ro ircmg kinh doanh ngdn hdng. NXB. Thdng kO.
2. 1 nim Thi Xuan HUOng vil nhdm tac gia (2013). Gido irinh Nghiep vu ngdn bang ihilctng mgi. NXB Kinh Ic TP.
Ho Chi Mmh
.l.Tran Hii\ Hoang (2011), Quiin trj Ngdn hdng tliifetng mgi. NXB. Lao Ddng,
4. Phift)ngLinh(20!9). Phal tnen ngan hiing so La\ khach hiing la trung t a m - l^ng dung cong nghe 4.0 L'l nen lang. <hUps://ww\\\sln-.gov.vnAvebcenler/poilal/in/ineiiu/ti-cingcliu/ddiiliiiii/iielcl/nctd_chitiet?leflWidtli=0''/r25&
shewFootvi=fcilse&.shcnvHecicler=fcdsc&clDeK-Ncime=Sin'399H97&riglil\Viclili=07(25&ceiilerWicld^^
_ufrLoop=3737}56064745539ft%40%3F_afrLoopWc3D3737I560647455.^9''i26ieniei\Vidili^r3DI00'^/c2525'y<26 (ini,eNeiim-%.mSBV399897%26leflWiclth%3D0%2525%26righlWidlli%3D09c2525r^c26shcm-Foe>ter%SDfal.se%
26.sliosvHeadei-''/c3Dldtse'7c26_^cidf.eti-l:stciie7c3D4djy3c4ym_9>. \ e m ngii)' 23/7/2019.
NR^ynhOn bai: 8/4/2020
Nfjii) phan bi0n danh gia va suTa chifa: I8/4/202U fighy chfi'p nh^n dang bai: 28/4/2020 Thimg tin lite gid:
ThS. NCUYfeN THI QUYNH CHAU Khoa Tai chfnh Ngan hang Trff(fng Dgi hoc Van Lang
CARD-BASED PAYMENT OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN VIETNAM
• Master. NGUYEN THI QUYNH CHAU Faculty of Finance a n d Banking, Van Lang University
ABSTRACT:
The issuse of banlv curds has supported the growth of coininercial banks in Vietnam. This paper sludies l) pes of bank cards in Vietnam b\ using statisdcal and anai> tical meUiods, thereby assessing the trend of issuing bank cards and proposing solutions to develops bank card services of commercial banks.
Keywords: Bank cards, card-based payments, bank card services, commercial banks, payment services.
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