N g h i e n CL/U - Trao d o i
Danh gia mu'c do
THOA MAN CONG VIEC tai Cong ty Dien lu'c Nghe An
• DINH TH! PHUONG Tom tat
Muc tidu nghien cffu nham xac dinh cdc nhan Id' anh hffdng dd'n sff thda man cdng vide ciia ngffdi lao ddng tai Cdng ly Didn Iffc Nghe An. So' lieu dffdc thu thap thdng qua tra ldi bang cau hdi gdm 220 ngffdi lao ddng, sau do dffdc xff ly bdng phan mem Ihd'ng ke SPSS 16.0, dffdc do Iffdng do tin cay bdng he so Cron- bachs alpha, phffdng phdp phan tich nhan to EFA va phan tich hdi quy. Kd't qud cho thd'y cd ba ye'u Id'anh hffdng vd bid'n thidn ciing chieu vdi sff thoa man cdng viec, trong dd yd'u id' dnh hffdng manh nha't va cd y nghTa thd'ng kd nha'l la "tien Iffdng va phiic Idi", ke' de'n la "bdn chat cdng viec" vd anh hffdng tha'p nhd't la "ddnh gid thffc hien cdng viec".
1. Dat va'n dd
Ciing vdi sff phat trien ciia nen kinh Id' Viet Nam, nhu cau ve ngudn nhan lffc cung ngdy cang gia tang cd ve so Iffdng va cha't Iffdng. Doanh nghidp khdng chi chii trong hdn va'n de luyen chpn dung ngffdi vao diing vi tri cdng viec, ma cdn phai giff chan ngffdi lao ddng, dac biet la ngffdi lao ddng giff vi tri chii chd't trong doanh nghiep. Vi vdy, nghidn cffu dffdc thffc hidn nham muc dich xay dffng thang do JDI va xac dinh cffdng dp ciia cac nhan td dnh hffdng tdi sff Ihda man trong cdng viec cua ngffdi lao ddng.
Ke't qua nghidn cffu se giup Ban
lanh dao Cdng ty chii trpng vao cdc yeu Id' cd dnh hffdng manh va cd y nghTa thd'ng kd de'n mffc dp thda man cdng vide ciia ngffdi lao ddng.
2. Phu'dng phap nghien cii'u 2.1. Phffdng phap nghien cffu dinh linh
Ky Ihual thao luan nhdm va lay y kid'n chuydn gia dffdc su"
dung Irong nghien cffu nay vd nd dffdc diing de kham pha bd sung md binh trdn cd sd Chi so' md la cdng viec JDI.
2.2. Phffdng phdp nghien cffu dinh Iffdng
mffc do dnh hffdng ciia tffng ydu to' trong md hinh.
2.3. Nghidn cffu chinh thffc Nghien cffu khao sat sff thda man cua nhdn vidn dd'i vdi cdng vide tai Cdng ty Didn life Nghd An gdm 8 thanh phan vdi 35 bie'n quan sat. Thie^t ke phieu khao sdt sff dung thang do Lik- e n 5 bac de sap xe'p tff nho dd'n Idn vdi so' cdng Idn la cang ddng y vdi phat bidu (1: rd't khdng ddng y; 2: khdng ddngy; 3: tam ddng y; 4 ddng y; 5: hodn loan ddng y), didn dat va ma hda bang cau hdi de phuc vu cho
Hinh 1. Mo hinh nghien ciJu
Ban chat cdng viec E)ac diem
nhan khau hpc:
+ Dp tudi + Gidi b'nh + Trinh do + Ndi lam viec + Mffc thu nhap
Dffdc thffc hien thdng qua phffdng phdp thu thap sd'lieu la sff dung bang cau hdi dieu tra.
Toan bd dff heu hdi dap dffdc xff ly vdl phan mdm SPSS 16.0.
Bffdc nghien cffu nay nham danh gia thang do, cac md'i quan hd giffa cdc yd'u id', do Iffdng mffc dd Ihda man cua ngffdi lao ddng theo tffng ye'u id' lien quan, dff dodn
viec xff ly dff lieu, cac phffdng phap danh gia thang do.
3. K^t qua nghidn cihi 3.1. Dac diem mau khdo sdt Sd phid'u 200 hdp Id dffdc nhdp vdo may de kidm tra sd li?u chi^m 9 1 % tren tdng sd phidu phdt ra. Ty le ngffdi lao ddng tham gia trd ldi hdp Id phdn bd hdp 1;^ tai cdc phdng ban, phan
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N g h i e n c Q u - Trao d d i
xffdng va cdc Dien lffc. Ve gidi tinh. mau khdo sat cd 120 ngffdi iao dpng Id nam, chiem 60% tdng sd ngffdi lao dpng tham gia tra ldi hdp le; sd ngffdi Iao ddng nff la 80 ngffdi, chie'm 40%. Da so"
ngffdi tham gia trd ldi deu d nhdm tudi tff 30 de'n 39 cd 86 ngffdi (43<7f); ke den la nhdm tff 40 dd'n 49 ludi cd 46 ngffdi (23%); cud'i cdng la 2 nhdm dffdi 25 tudi va tff 50 tudi trd len deu cd 34 ngffdi (17%). Vdi mau nhff vay da ddm bdo tinh dai dien cho long the gdm 1.400 cdn bp cdng nhdn vien cua Cdng ty.
3.2. Ddnh gid dp tin cay, dp gid tri c6a thang do va md hinh nghien cffu
3.3.1. Do Iffdng dd tin cay bdng he sdCronbachs alpha
Sau khi loai 04 bie'n rdc (ban chd't cdng viec 13, cd hdi dao tao va thang tid'n 21, lanh dao 36, lien Iffdng 52), cdc thang do deu c6 he sd' Cronbachs Alpha trong khodng tff 0.6 de'n 0.95. Cdc bid'n quan sdt trong mdi thang do cung d^u cd he sd tffdng quan bie'n tdng > 0.3. VI vay, 09 thang do vdi 31 bid'n cdn lai deu dffdc giff lai vi chung ddm bdo dd lin cay ciia thang do. (Xem bdng I)
3.3.2. Phan tich nhan id'khdm pha (EFA) (Xem bdng 2 - trang bin)
Ke'l qua phan tfch nhdn to' lai Bang 2 sau khi sff dung phffdng phdp tinh he sd' Principal Axis Factoring vdi phdp quay Promax vd diem dffng khi trich cdc yd'u td Eigenvalue > I. Kd't qua vdi 22 bid'n quan sdt cd 5 nhan td' dffdc nhdm Iai vd riit ra, tdng phffdng sai trich = 79,53% eho biel 5 nhan td ndy gidi ihich dffdc 79.53%
bie'n thidn cua dff lieu.
3,3.3.Phan lich hdi quy Dd xdc djnh cffdng dp ciia cdc nhdn td dnh hffdng dd'n sff thda man irong edng viec ciia ngffdi
Bang 1. Bang tong ket he so" tin cgy cua cac thanh phan thang do sU thoa mdn
STT 1 A 3 4 5 b 7 8 9
TbangiJo Bdn ch3t c6na v i &
Q J h S i d ^ tao vd t h a m Kfti Lanh dao
DSnqnohiSp TiSnlutma MSi truftna Idm v i ^ Ddnh aid t h u t h i ^ conq v i k
S o b l S i quan sdt 3
Cronbadi's Alpha 0.864 4 0.950 5
3 5 5
0.916 0.868 0.937 PhiJckJI 3 1 0.973 Su'thda man ctiuna 4 j n<)4fi
He s5 tuong quan bi&]
0.771
0,626 1 0.788
0.830 i
Model
1 1
Bang 3. He sd xdc djnh R-Square R
0.820- R Square
0.673
Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estfitiate 0.668 1 0.47267 Bang 4. Kiem djnh da cong tuyen
1 (Constant) danhgjathuchlencongviec benluongphuclol banchatcongvlec
Unstandardized|Standardrzed Coefficients Coefficients
B 1 . ' "
Enor 0.858 0.162 0.16o[ 0.063
Beta t
5.288 0.159 0.459 0 OSS 0.530 0 . 2 2 1 , 0.055, 0,222
2,547 8.281 4.005
Sfg.
.000 0.012 O.ODO 0.000
Collinearity Statistics Tolerance
0.429 0.407 0.542
VIF
2.329 2.454 1.844
lao ddng. sff dung phffdng trinh hdi quy tuye'n linh. Hai nhan id'
"Idnh dao" va "ddng nghidp" bi loai khdi md hinh do mffc y nghTa
> 0.05, Cdn lai 3 nhan to tff kd't qua phan lich trdn la 3 bie'n ddc lap dffdc ky hieu iffdng ffng: Fl:
Ddnh gia ihffc hien cdng vide, F2;
Tien lffdng vd phuc ldi. F3: Ban cha'l cdng vide. Md hinh hdi quy cd dang nhff sau:
Thoaman = 0.159 x Fl + 0.530 X F2 + 0.222 x F3
He so'hdi quy chuan hda Beta cho Iha'y nhdn to' thda mdn cdng vide ciia ngffdi Iao ddng vd lien Iffdng va phiic ldi tdc ddng manh nha'l de'n sff thda man cdng vide (Beta = 0.530), ke' de'n la thda man ve ban chat cdng viec (Beta
= 0.222) va cud'i cung cd anh hffdng tha'p nha't la ddnh gia thffc hidn cdng vide (Beta = 0.159).
He sd' xac dinh R2 hidu chinh ciia md hinh tren la 0.668 the hidn rang cdc bie'n ddc lap irong phffdng irinh hdi quy gidi thich dffdc 66 8% bie'n ihien cua bien phu thudc. Ke'l qua cho tha'y he sd Tolerance tha'p va VIF khdng vffdt qua 10 ndn khdng xay ra hien tffdng da cdng tuyd'n.
Qua phan tich sff khac bidt (kiem dinh T - Test) cho tha'y:
khdng cd sff khdc nhau ve mffc do thda mdn cdng viec giffa ngffdi Iao ddng theo cdc dac diem nhan khau hpc nhff: gidi tinh; do ludi va trinh do hoc va'n, chuydn mdn nhffng Iai cd sff khac nhau ve mffc dp thda man cdng viec giffa ngffdi Iao ddng theo ddc didm nhan khau hpc nhff: ndi Idm vice va mffc thu nhdp. Nhdn vien khd'i phdng ban Cdng ly cd mffc dd thda man cdng viec cao hdn nhan
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Nghien cilfu - Trao ddi
Bang 2. Bang ma tran nhan to da xoay trong ke't qua EFA
- Nhan to 5: Ban chat cdng viec Cong viec phu hop vdi nang lUc ca niian CSng viec ttiu vj
- Nhan toi: Lanh dao
lanh 6ao guUng m l u , Icfi noi va viec iam song tianll Lanii dao Co nang ii/c, tam niiln va ktia nang dieu iianti Ngu'di lao dpng nhan dUdc sU ho trd cua cap tren i<hi can thiet Lanh dao lang nghe quan diem va suy nghT cua ngu'di lao dpng NqUdi lao dong dUdc ton trong va tin cay trong cdng viec - Nhan to 4: Dong nghiep
Dong nghiep thu'dng sBn long glijp dd lan nhau Cac dong nghiep phoi hdp lam viec tdt Ddng nghiep than thien - Nhan to 3: Tien iuVng va phuc idi Tien lu'dng tudng xCmg vdi ket qua lam viec Tien ludng dUdc tra cong bang giite cac nhan vien Hal leng vdi che do tien IUdng trong Cong ty - Nhan to 2: Danh gia thu'c hien cong viec Viec danh gia dUdc thUc hien djnh ky Danh gia khach quan, khoa hoc, cong bang Ket qua danh gia phan anh day du, chinh xac
Ket qua danh gia dUdc su" dung de xet IUdng, thudng, de bat Danh gia giup cai thien va nang cao nang suat lao dong - Nhan to 3: Tien itfdng va phuc idi
Chinh sach phuc ldi ro rang va hiJu ich
Chfnh sach phuc ldi the hien sU quan tam chu dao ciJa Cong ty Phuc ldi dUdc thuc hien day dii va hap dan ngUdi lao dong
NhSntS 1
0.892 0.878 0.885 1.025 0.818
2
0.820 0.862 0.894 0.602 0.747
3
0.743 0.775 0.715
0.892 0.880 0.889
4
0.878 0.967 0.907
5 0.825 0.786 0.714
«
vidn lai cac ddn vi sdn xudt (Didn lffc, Phdn xffdng phu trd) va nhan vidn cd mffc thu nhap tff 7 tridu ddng trd len cd mffc dp thda man cao hdn so vdi nhdn vien cd mffc thu nhap dffdi 7 tridu ddng.
4. Ke't lu$n
Tff kd't qua nghien cffu nay, sff Ihda man dd'i vdi lien Iffdng va phiic ldi ciia ngffdi lao ddng la nhan to' anh hffdng manh hay cd y nghia quan trong nha't. Thff tff ffu lien ma Cdng ty can lam la lao sff cdng bang bdn trong vide phan phd'i thu nhap; cham lo nhidu hdn dd'n ddi sdng cua ngffdi Iao ddng. dac bidt la ve mat linh than. Vdi dac thu qudn Iy van hdnh va kinh doanh ban didn tren dia ban rdng Idn, dan
trai, Cdng ly can chu trpng quan tdm hdn nffa ve chd'dp den Iffdng va phiic ldi dd'i vdi ngffdi lao ddng lam vide lai nhffng Dien lffc mien mil, vilng sau, viing xa vffa phdi xa gia dinh, di lai khd khan, cdng viec trffc lie'p va't va, mffc dp an todn Iao dpng tha'p.
Cdng ty nen xay dffng nhffng lieu chi cu the trong viec danh gia ket qua thffc hidn cdng viec
cua ngffdi lao ddng mdt cdch chinh xac, cdng khai, minh bach hdn, khdng de xay ra dnh trang thidn vi hoac thanh kie'n ddi vdi ba't ky ca nhdn ngffdi lao ddng nao Irong cdng ty. Cd thd gidm ap lffc cdng viec cho ngffdi lao ddng thdng qua vide bo tri cdng vide phu hdp vdi ndng lffc cd nhan va giao khd'i Iffdng cdng viec vffa sffc •
TAI LI^U THAM KHAO
1 Nguyen Thi Canh (2007), Giao trinh PhUOng phdp & phuong phdp \u^n nghien cOu khoa hoc kinh te, Nhd xuat ban Dai hpc Quoc gia TP.HCM.
4. Tran Kim Dung (2005), "Do lucfng milc d6 hai long 66\ vcli c6ng vi§c trong difiu ki$n cua Viet Nam", Tap chi Phat triln Khoa hpc Cdng ngh#, Dgi hgc Qufic Gia TP.HCM.
tap 8 (so 12)
9, Nguyeii Dinh Thp - Nguyin Th| Mai Trang (2008), Nghifin cilu khoa hpc trong Quan Tn Kinh Doanh, Nha xuKt ban Thfing K6.
12. Hoang Trong & Chu Nguyen Mong Ngpc (2005), Phdn tfch dO iigu nghiSn ciiu v6i SPSS, Nha xudl ban Thong kS.
