T«PCiClR
THU HUT \ ON DAU TU*
T R V C T I E P N U 6 ( C N G O A I (FDI)
TREN DIA BAN TINH PHIJ THO
• U THUV NGA - TRAN H O A N G THANH VINH
T 6 M TAT:
Trong nhiJng nSm qua, Vi|t Nam di d?l dupe nhihig thinh tyu nhit djnh ttong thu hit ngudn von diu nr Irvc liep nude ngoai (FDl). Khu virc FDI ngiy cing khing dinh vai ttd quan trpng dii vdi phii triin kinh le - xi hdi. Tuy nhien, lupng vin thu hut dupe cda cic vimg trSn ci nude van cd sy chenh l^h va kit qua thu hiil chua xiing vdi tiim ning ciia mpt sd dia phuong. Bii viit nhim lam id thyc n^g vi di xuit giii phip gdp phin ting cudng hi?u qui tiiu hit vin diu nr tai tinh Phii Thp.
Tir khda: Dau nr trye tiip nude ngoai. FDI, FDI vio Phi Thp.
1. D$t vin de
Tinh Phii Thp hipn da cd 161 dy an diu tu, vdi tdng s i vdn dang ky gin 1.200 tripu USD, chu yiu thupc nganh cdng nghipp: Sin xuit, lip rip linh kien, phu kipn dien tu, may m|ic, chi biin go va chi bien ehe xuit khiu. Di thu hot vdn FDI hipu qua, Phu Thp da md rdng quan hp hpp tic dau tu vdi nhieu nude, chii dpng tiep can, van ddng nhumg tap doan, ting cdng ty Idn cd nang lyc tii chinh, cdng nghe va thi trudng diu tu. Bii viit nhim khic hpa rd thyc trjng thu hut vdn FDI tren dia ban tinh Phi Thp vi nhiing ddng gdp cua vdn FDI vio cdng cupc phat trien kinh ti - xa hdi ciia tinh giai doan 2016 - 2018. Ben cjnh dd, tic gii phan tich nhiing h ^ che trong hoat dpng thu hut FDI va dua ra mpt sd giii phip nhim ting cudng thu hut FDI cho dja phuang.
2. K i t qua nghien ciru
2.1. Ca sa ly lufn vi FDI vi vai tro cia FDI
• Dau tu trye tiep nude ngoai (FDl - Foreign vio nin kinh ti khu vyc vi tren ih Direct Investment) la hinh thuc dau tu ma chii sd hiiu vdn (thudng la doanh nghiep) mang nguon lyc cua minh sang mpt quoc gia khic di thuc hi^n hosit dpng diu tu, trong dd chii sd hiiu von true tiip tham gia vao qui trinh diu tu va chiu trich nhiem vi hiSu qui diu tu.
Theo ty Ip sd hiiu v6n, FDI chia thinh 2 nhdm li von hdn hpp (co phan gop von ciia doanh nghiep d nude nhan diu tu) va doanh nghiep 100% vdn FDI.
- Tic dOng cua diu tu trye tiip nude ngoii vdi cac nude dang phat triin.
*• Tic ddng tich cue: FDI thiic diy ting trudng kinh ti; b i sung ngudn vdn cho phit trien kinh ti; gdp phin phit triin cac nganh cong nghiep hien dai; gdp phan giai quyit vifc lim; chuyin giao cdng nghp tien tiin cho nude nhan dau tu; md rpng thj trudng xuit khau va nang cao ning lyc caii.i iranh tren thi trudng thi gidi; cung cd vi md rpng q^^^ ^i hpp tic qudc ti, day nhanh liCr. trinh hpi nh4„
"•'gidi.
94 So 12-Thang5/2020
!-!'-+ T6c dpng tieu cue: FDI c6 the lam mat d o doi trong d4u tu; doanh nghiep FDI trdn thue thong qua ho^t dpng chuyen gia, anh huong nghiSm trpng den ngan sach nha nuac;
niroc nh^n diu tu dl rai vao tinh traung phu thupc vk von, cong ngh?, thi trucmg va chinh (rj do t4c dpng cua cac doanh nghiep FDI; lam suy giam h^ thong doanh nghipp trong nuac;
ting dong nh^p si£u; v^ cSc tac d$ng tieu cue denvindex9hpi.
- Nhan td anh huong d€n ho^t dpng thu hut vdn FDI: H$ thdng lu|t phdp; su dn dinh v^ mdi truang chinh tri; ca so ha t§ng; dac di£m thj truang va cdc chinh sich thu hut trSn dja b^n.
2. Th\|rc tr^ng ho^t d$ng thu hut d^u tu trv% ti^p nvrtfc ngoki t^i Phu Thq
2.1. Khdi qudt ve moi trirong ddu ttr tgi Phu Thp
Phii Thp \k tinh thu^c vung mien nui trung du BJc Bp, phia B3c gidp Tuyen Quang, phia Nam giap Hoa Binh, phia Ddng giap VTnh Phue va Ha Tay, phia Tay giap Son La va Yen Bii, phia Dong Nam giip Hi N$i, nim 6 vi tri tiep giip giO^ Ddng Bic, Ddng bing sdng Hdng, vi Tay B3c, la trung tam tieu vung Tay - Ddng B5e.
Vai vj tri a ngi ba song, cua ngo phia Tay ciia Thii dd Hi N^i vi dia bin Icinh te trpng diem phia Bic, Phu Thp la ciu ndi cic tinh Ddng bing Sdng Hong voi cac tinh mien niii Tfiy Bic vi Ddng Bic.
Kinh te tren dia ban tinh Phu Thp nim 2018 tiep tuc ting truang khi, tdng sin phim tren dja bin tinh (GRDP) nim 2018 theo gia so sanh 2010 uoc dat 40.890,4 ty ddng, tang 8,34% so vdi nim 2017 (vupt kd ho^ch 0,84%). Dong gdp phan khdng nhd vio ket qua GRDP cua Phu Thp, loai hinh kinh td khu vue CO vdn diu tu nuae ngoii nim 2016 ddng gdp vio GRDP 8,65% , nim 2017 la 9,8% vi nim 2018 la 10,33%. Con sd niy eho thay vai tro eua dong vdn dau tu nude ngoai, cung nhu thay dupe lo^i hinh kinh td niy dang dupe chinh quyen dia phuang hdt sure quan tim.
Phu Thp cd mdi truang ehinh trj va xi hpi dn dinh, an ninh, trat t\r xa hpi dupe dim bio.
Chinh quyen vi nhan din Phii Thp than thi^n, sin sang tao dieu ki^n thuan Ipi cho nhi diu tu. Thu tuc hinh chinh trong ckp ph6p dau tu va trien khai th^c hipn dy an dau tu dupe thye hipn theo ca che mpt dau mdi, mien phi, giam thai gian cho nhi diu tu. Tinh ciing dua cdng nghe thdng tin vio cdng tic tuydn truyen vi quing bi diu tu thdng qua Website, c6ng giao tiep dien tu ciia tinh de ddi tho^i vdi doanh nghipp cung nhu c^p nh^t vi cdng khai cac thdng tin.
2.2. Thuv trgng hogt dgng thu hut von dau tu true tiep nu&c ngodi tgi tinh Phu Thg Vi quy mo thu hut von: Den het nim 2018, CO 148 du in FDI dupe cap phep vdi tdng vdn ding ky li 1180,3 trieu USD. Trong 3 nam nghien cuu, nhin ehung sd dy an ting, tuy nhien vdn diu tu a muc trung binh, chua
Bdng 1: Ket qu6 thu hut dU an FDI tren dia ban tinh Phu llio S6 d ^ i n d u ^ T6ng von dang ky
d p phep I (trieu USD) | Quy mo binh quan 1 di^ i n
(trieu USD)
V6n thi^c hifn 2016
2017 2018
119 135 148
906,6 1.084.2 1.180.3
7.62 8.03 7.98
652,4 811,6
885,2 ; Ngudn • Nien gidm thdng ke
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M A I I: e & i Itflkyb IMfi nut»c ngodf m6t sSHith trung du mien nul pMaBSeathdihlielnem
• Sddyin
• Tdng vSn ding kV (tri^u dd)
Phil Thp Hda Binh Thii BSC Giang Lio Cai Ouing
Nguyen Ninh thu hut dupe nhiing doanh nghipp, du an Idn.
(Bing I)
So sinh vdi cic tinh trong khu vue tmng du vi miin niii phia BJc, Phu Thp xip d vi tri thir 6 vi quy md dy in FDI. Tuong quan trong khu vyc. Thai Nguydn, Quang Ninh, Lao Cai li nhiing tinh cd ijuy md binh quan mpt dy in cao nhit. (Bieu do 1)
Cd thi thiy Phu Thp tuy thu hut dupe s6 dy in FDl d mirc kha, nhung cic dy in nhin chung cdn nhd, vdi muc trung binh dat gan 8
tri#u USD/du an. Trong khi con so nay cua cic tinh Ddng Bic bd la 17,85 tri$u USD, cic tinh miin nui va trung du phia Bic la 17,66 tripu USD, vi muc binh quan ciia ca nude li ban 12 triiu USD/ dy an. Vi v?y, thich thftc ddi vdi Lanh dao tinh la lam sao thu hut dupe cic doanh nghifp, du an FDI Idn din diu tu tr^n dja bin.
- Ca cau von FDI theo nganh kinh te Theo sd lipu thdng kg vdn FDI cda Phii Thp van chu yeu tap chung vao ITnh vyc cdng
Bing 2: Kel quA thue hien thu hiit DN FDI tren dja b i n tinh Phu Tho glol doan 2016 - 2018 S6 d\p an Vdn dang k;^ (trl#u USD) Kiec dp ddng gdp GRDP
( t j ding)
2016 2017 2018
(Ngudn: Bdo cdo linh hinh ddu lu true nip nude ngodi n
96 So 12-Thang5/2020 12 15 17
13 15 13
70 125
75
TH 1 97,6 161.49
96.08 TH 4138 5069 5923
CocSu(%) 8,65
10,33
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Bang 3: Lao dong lam viec trong khu vUc c6 von FDI
Loai hinh kinh te
D('T \f;hin ngirdi
N i m
2016 2017 2018
S O L D
751,7 760,8 769,4
Nha
S O L D
62,3 62,3 62,2
n u w :
C o cau (%)
8,29 8,19 8,08
Ngoai nha nu>d%
S O L D
639,9 644,6 649,6
C c c a u
(%)
85,13 84,73 84,43
Khu
S O L D
49,5 53,9 57.6
\f!iioii Nil v y ^ FDI
CO- c i u (%)
6,58 7,08 7,49
h, j;idiii ,l,()n^ k.
nghiep che bien, clic tao vai tdng sd 121/138 gdp cua khdi doanh nghiep cd vdn dau tu nude dv an con hieu Urc. chiem 88,04 "o tong vdn ngoai vao GRDP cung tang dan theo cac nam dau tu. LTnh \'irc liep theo la cung cap nude \ a dakhang djnh \ai tro quan trpng cua loai hinh xit li nude thai vdi 2 dir an cdn hieu luc, chiem kinh ic nay, cung nhir cho thay nd lire ciia cac S,52"i) tdng vdn dau tu. Cac nganh eon lai cd DN va ehinh quyen dia phirang. (Bang 2) sd dir an rat thap cung nhu chiem ti trpng nhd
trong tdng vdn dau tu. Hicn nay, eae diran ehii
\i:ii t$p trung nganh cdng nghiep che bien. ehe
Thu hut dau tu. phat trien cdng nghiep da gdp phan rat Idn \ a o giai quyet viec !am va tang nang suat lao ddng. Cac dir an da thu hut lao: cac ITnh \ uc khac cd sd du an rat thap. dae i^^ j ^ ^ ^ , ^^ j^^u \ uc ndng nghiep sang khu bi?t !a cac ITnh virc dang dirac uu tien thu hut, ^^^^ ^^^g nghiep. dich \ u. Ben canh do, thdng nhu: du lich. dich vu: ndng, lam, thuy san; ^^^ ^^ ^^^^ g,a ^^^ ^-^^^ ^^^ h^^^ ^^^.
ITnh \irc giao due dao tao ig eua
cac doanh nghiep nude ngoai, ngudi lao ddng - Cffcciii von FDl theo doi tac ddn fir da tirng birdc hinh thanh tac phong lao dgng Trong cac ddi tac d^u tu vao Phu Tho, Han '^^"B "B^iep. cd y thirc. ky luat lao ddng, hpc Qudc la ddi tac Idn nh5t voi 109 du an (chilm "^oi dirge cac phuang thirc lao ddng tien tien 79%). vdi tdna vdn dang ky d5u tu la S92.4 gop phan nang cao chat Iirang ngudn nhan lire trii-ii L'SI) (chidm 77.24",,). Tidp theo la Trung '^"a ^ " " 8 - ^^^"S ^»
Qudc \a Nhat Ban deu cd 8 du an (chiem Sd lieu Bang 3 cho thay khu vue FDI da 5.8"o) va sd vdn dang ky dau tu lan luot la giup khu \irc giai quyet mpt sd luang Idn 113.9 tri^u USD va 41,3 trieu USD. cdng an viee iam dn djnh cho ngirdi lao ddng.
3. K^t qua va han ch^ trong thu hiit FDI ^d viec lam ma cae doanh nghiep cd vdn FDI tao ra khoang 7%/nam. Ben canh dd, ngudi Khdng the phii djnh vai trd va ddng gdp cua |ao ddng lam trong khu vue cd vdn FDl trong khdi D \ FDI trong phat tri^n kinh te - xa hpi viing hien tai dang la thanh ph5n cd mire thu linh Phil Thp. Sd lieu bang 2 cho thSy nam nhap binh quan mot thang dirng thir hai trong -01S. \dn dang ky ciia cac dir an van hoan cac khu virc kinh tc. day eung la mdt trong Ihanh \ ugt ke hoaeh. nhung khong dat chi tieu nhung !y do khiC-n khu vire nay cd sue hut vdi
\a sd lugng du an mdi dang k\ Mirc do ddng ngudi" lao ddng nhu vay.
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Ngoai cac dong gdp neu tren. ngudn vdn FDl cdn ddng gdp vao \iec gia tSng gia trj xudt khau hang hda cua \ ung. tang thu ngan sach. chuyen giao khoa hpc eong ngh^ tien tien gdp phan tdng ndng suai lao dpng cua viiog.
4. M$t so h^n che
Tuy cd nhidu tiem nSng, Igi the. nhung Phu Thp vin cdn nhi^u khd khfin, bat c^p nhu ket ndi giao thdng chua thu^n ti^n, ha tang dd thj, nhit la khu cym cdng nghiep cdn yeu kem, chua ddnp bp. Ben c^nh do, quy dat s^ch de xtic tien dau tu h^n che, thi^u nguon nhan I^rc chat lupng cao, cdng nhan ky Ihu^t lanh nghd nen viec thu hut cdc du an d5u tu Idn cd kha ndng ddng gdp cho ngan sdch, dv an sir dyng cdng nghe cao than thi?n vdi mdi trudng cdn han che.
Hi^u qua tdng the vdn FDI chua cao:
sd d\r dn thu hut vdn chua xiing voi tiem ndng ciia tinh va cd hi^n tugng mat can ddi trong dau tu FDl (mat can ddi ve ITnh virc va doi tac).
LTnh v\rc dau tu chu yeu la cdng nghiep che bien, che tao. Quy md dv an khdng Idn, it cd tac dpng manh me den phat trien kinh te - xS hpi cua viing. Chua thu hiit dupe ngudn vdn dau tu cua cac tap doan Ion, cac ddi tac den tir Chau Au, My,...
Cdng tac ho trg triSn khai d Phii Thp thvc te vdn chua hi?u qua: Cdng tac giai phdng mdt bdng la thii tuc tdn kem rit nhieu thdi gian va chi phi ddi voi nha diu tu nhung tinh thgc hien chua thuc su tdt.
Neu nhu Hai Ducmg, VTnh Phue cd chd dp ho trg nha dau tu bdng tien rdt uu dai cho cdng tac giai phdng m^t bdng thi Phu Thp chua lam dugc dieu dd.
Thu hiit cdng nghe (cdng ngh? cao va cdng ngh? nguon). chuyen giao cdng nghe chua d^t dugc nhu ky vpng.
Phu Thp cung chua cd nhirng dpi phd trong cdng tac xuc tien ddu tu. nhdm t^o
nen cu huych cho Soat dpng i - '>"^ ^^
quan ly dau tu trgc tiep nudrc ngoo^
s C<n V mgt s6 giai phap cho cic dja phuffng trong vOng nhfim ting cird-ng thu hut FDl
- cin xay d\rng quy ho^ch tong thd phat tri^n kinh td - xd hpi va chien luge thu hiit FDI cua tinh: Quy hoaeh ndy phai gdn lidn vdi quy hogch FDI ciia ca nude va theo hudng hinh thanh cac khu san xuit t§p trung, diu tu ddng bd, l\ra chpn ky vd ITnh Wc va nha diu tu nhdm tdng chit lugng v^
tinh bdn vimg ciia ddng vdn nay.
- Xay dung, nang cip kdt ciu hg ting kinh td - xa hpi theo hu(5mg hien dgi, tgo siic hiit ddi vdi cac nha dau tu nuac ngoai.
Mdt khac, phai quan tam toan di?n den h?
thdng trudng hpc, b?nh vi$n, trgm y t^, cdc trung tam vdn hod, khu vui chai giai tri, khu dd thi,... Day la nhiJng dieu ki?n bao dam cho sinh hoat thuong ngay, tao ra sire hut ddi vdi cdc nhd diu tu nude ngodi, nhdt Id khi hp cd y dinh Idm dn Idu ddi tai dia phuang.
- Phat trien ngudn nhdn l\rc dap iing yeu cau thu hut FDI: Trong ca cau lao dpng cdn thieu nhirng lao dgng cd chuyen mdn, tay nghe da qua ddo tgo. Ngodi lao dgng tr^c tigp, cQng cin quan tdm ddn dgi ngu can bd lam cdng tac qudn ly nhd nudrc vd dau tu nude ngoai dap ling yeu cau cua thdfi ky phdt trien mdi.
6. Ket lu^o
Vdn FDI khdng chi dem lai su tang trudng kinh td, gidi quyet vi?c lam, nang cao thu nhap, dn djnh dai sdng ngudi ddn ma cdn Id dgng Ii;c, "cii huycl;*' quan trpng trong qua trinh phdt trien ben vihig \ jnh td - xa hgi cua mgt quoc gia. Do dd, vi?c Idm het sire can thi^t dd la thu hiit von FDl indt each hi?u qua. Cd nhu vgy, dja phuong m6i phdt tri^n b^n vihig vd dung hudn^a
98 So 12-Thang 5/2020
I If
TAI U $ l l THAM KHAO:
L So K^ ho^ch vi Dau tu tinh Pha Thp (2016 - 2018), Bdo cdo linh hinh dau tu trvc tiip nude ngodi cua tinh Phu VIO.
2. Cvc Th^ng ke Phii Thp (2019), Niem gidm thdng ki ndm 2016.2017.20IS.HXB Th6ng ke, H4 Npi.
3. Cvc Thing ke cdc dja phucmg (2019), Nien gidm thong ki cdc tinh 2018.
4. UBND linh Phu Thp (2016 - 2018), Bdo cdo linh hinh kinh li - xa hgi tinh Phu Tho.
5. Nguyin Bpch Nguypt (2007), Gido trinh kinh le ddu tu, NXB Dgi hgc kinh ti qudc ddn, Hd Ngi.
6. B^ Khoa hpc vd cong nghl (2018), Kyyiu hdi Ihao qudc gia: Phdt triin khu vyr FDI trong Ihirc hifn chiin luge phdt trien bin vQng, NXB Dai hpc Kinh ti qu6c dan. Ha Npi.
Ngiy nh|n bii: 24/4/2020
Ngiy phin bi^n dinh gii v i s ^ chira; 4/5/2020 Ngiy chip nhin ding bii: 14/5/2020
Thdnglintdcgid:
CN. Li; THUY NGA Sar K^ ho«ch vi B^u tir Fhii Thp ThS. TRAN HOANG THANH VINH DfI h9c HJIng Vinmg - Phii Th(
ATTRACTING FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT INTO PHU THO PROVINCE
• LE THUY NGA
Department of Planning a n d Investment - Phu Tho Province
• Master TRAN HOANG THANH VINH Hung Vuong University ABSTRACT:
In recent years, Vietnam has achieved certain achievements in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). The FDI sector has increasingly afSnned its important role for the country's socio-economic development. However, there are still disparities in the amoimt of FDl attracted by regions across the country. In addition, the resuls ftom attracting FDI are not commensurate with the potential of some localities. This paper is to clarify the current state and propose solutions for enhancing the efficiency of investment attraction of Phu Tho Province.
Keywords: Foreign direct investment, FDI, FDI into Phu Tho Province.
So 12-Thang5/2020 99
